Plumbing Design

Contents
Chapter 1- Introduction

1.1. Site ...................................................................................................................... 1

................................................................................................................................... 2

................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2. Objectives .......................................................................................................... 3

1.3. Challenges......................................................................................................... 3

1.4. Existing Water Drainage ................................................................................... 4

1.5. Climate............................................................................................................... 4

1.6. Depth to water level ......................................................................................... 5

1.7. Ground Water Quality ...................................................................................... 5

1.8. Dynamic Ground Water Resources ................................................................ 5

1.9. Land Type .......................................................................................................... 5

1.10. Soil Type ........................................................................................................... 5

1.11. Irrigation by Different Sources ........................................................................ 5

1.12. Ground water issues........................................................................................ 5

Chapter 2- Requirements

2.1. Building programme ......................................................................................... 7

2.2. Water Demand ................................................................................................. 8

2.3. Schemes to be used ......................................................................................... 9

2.3.1. Pumping System ........................................................................................... 10

2.3.2. Supply ............................................................................................................ 11

2.3.3. Waste treatment .......................................................................................... 11

2.3.4. Bunds ............................................................................................................. 12

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Chapter 1- Introduction
1.1. Site
Ri Bhoi District is one of the Districts of Meghalaya which came into existence
and assumed the hierarchical status of the District on the 4th June 1992 by
upgrading the former Civil Sub-Division.

• Area: 2378 Sq. Km.

• Population: 2,58,840

• Language: Khasi

• Villages: 589

Ri-Bhoi district has a total population of 2,58,380 with male population of

1,32,445 and female population of 1,25,935. The rural population is 2,33,226 and
the urban population is about 25,154. The main occupation of the population
in the district is agriculture.

Site selection criteria

• The location of the silk production unit should be chosen by evaluating

availability of reeling water sources, manpower, electricity and
transportation.
• Ideally, the project should be sited on a slight hill near a good water
supply with adequate drainage, near a populated region.

Challenges

• Flooding causes frequent damage to the site.

• Requirement of proper drainage to avoid logging of water.
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Paddy fields running along the edges of the site act as a geographical
barrier. The reason for that being that majority of the rainfall gets collected as
it acts as the basin.
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1.2. Objectives
The project is titled Eco-Sericulture which focuses on everything being
sustainable:

- Sericulture processes are highly dependent on water, to ensure the

environmental viability of the same efficient methods need to be
adopted.
- Effective use of different qualities of water for various purposes in terms
of recycling and reuse of water,

1.3. Challenges
Eco-sericulture in itself is a completely organic and sustainable process which
aims at not harming the environment at all. Hence the challenge for the
plumbing design of the same requires net zero wastage of water.

Therefore, water treatment, softening, non-disturbance to existing drainage

and rainwater harvesting are some of the core principles on which the
plumbing design shall revolve.

- The location being remote in nature does not have easy access to
government supply, so maximum efficiency of reuse of water is required.

- Efficient system with minimum reliability on mechanical means is required for

distribution to various components of the campus.

- Scarcity of potable water.

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1.4. Existing Water Drainage

Capacities of the existing water bodies –

• Pond 1 – 740 m2, Avg. Depth 2m = 14,80,000 litres

• Pond 2 – 1640 m2, Avg. Depth 1.5m = 24,60,000 litres
• Pond 3 – 1730 m2, Avg. Depth 1.25m = 21,62,000 litres

1.5. Climate
Annual Rainfall

The average annual rainfall of 11 years in the district was 2935 mm. The
maximum and minimum rainfalls of the district were recorded during the year
2004 1998 respectively.

Temperature

The temperature ranges from 10°C in December to 30°C in the month of July
and August. Normally January and August record minimum (12.3°C) and
maximum (35.2°C) temperatures respectively.

Conclusion

The site does not suffer from high evaporation rates hence no need for
providing large covered tanks and also, open water bodies near the site help
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to maintain the Relative humidity levels and abundance in quantity as required

for optimal production in Eco-sericulture processes.

1.6. Depth to water level

1.7. Ground Water Quality

Presence of chemical constituents more than permissible limits - Sporadic
occurrence of high concentration of Fe in few pockets in deeper aquifer.

Type of water - Generally good for drinking & irrigation purposes

1.8. Dynamic Ground Water Resources

(as on March 2009)

Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources (ham) 2184

Net Annual Ground water draft (ham) 2.03

Projected demand for domestic and industrial uses up to 2025 (ham) 1147

Stage of Ground Water Development 0.06 %

1.9. Land Type

Non-agricultural land

1.10. Soil Type

Red Loamy soil

1.11. Irrigation by Different Sources

a. Surface water (Ha) - 22.98 (command area)

b. Ground water (Ha)- Nil

1.12. Ground water issues

Ground Water Related Issues and Problems Ri Bhoi district is basically a hilly
one. Steep slopes and rugged terrain offer limited scope for recharge and
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development of ground water. Moreover, approachability is a big constraint

for assured water supply in the hamlets / villages situated on hilltops or steep
slopes. Population stress and thereby scarcity of potable water is rising day by
day in the district. Irrigation utilizing ground water, by constructing bore well is
negligible in this district.
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Chapter 2- Requirements

2.1. Building programme

Unit Activity Users

Name Quantity Total

area
Production Rearing - Chowki 12-13 Eggs hatching 5 500 m2
room
Pupae storage 5
Feeding/ Rearing 5
beds
Granary/ Leaf 5
storage
Reeling and Spinning Cocoon sorting 1 200 m2
chamber
Cocoon boiling 3
Cocoon 3
Flattening
Hand spinning
Hand reeling
Warping and 3
Beaming
Yarn bank 1
Dyeing Raw Material 5 250 m2
storage
Dyeing Space 5
Drying space 1
Weaving Spaces 100 Loom Area 2500 m2

Post loom processes Quality Check 50 m2

Packaging 50 m2
Storage 150 m2
Research and Experimentation and Seed technology 1 250 m2
development exploration lab

Soil science lab 1

Biotech lab 1
Textile lab 1
Training Teaching Classrooms 2-4 200 m2
Multipurpose Hall 1 150 m2
Weaving Training centre 1 250 m2
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Registration and 2 Office 1 20 m2

accounts
Library 30 Reception 1 400 m2
Stack Area
Reading area
E-library
Store
Material Library
Accommodations 80 Rooms 15 1100 m2
Dining Hall 1 300 m2
Kitchen 1 100 m2
Toilets 1 50 m2
Administration Entrance 1 350 m2
Director Cabin 1
Ass. Cabin 1
Office 1
Pantry 1
Toilets 1
Conference Hall 1
Exhibition Pavilions 5 375 m2
Exclusive Sale Market place Cloth 250 m2
Souvenir
Handicrafts

2.2. Water Demand

No. of people for production and teaching = 330 x 45 = 14,850 L

Guests for accommodations = 22 x 135 = 2970 L

Staff = 40 x 45 = 1800 L

Dining Seats = 50 x 75 = 3750 L

Processes

Plantation = 25 L/m2 = 6600x25 = 16500

Boiling = 250 Litres

Dyeing = 525 Litres

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Total Demand = 41,465 litres

Amount to be designed for = 49,000 litres (excluding fire)

Size of Tank to be provided = 4.5x4.5x2.5

2.3. Schemes to be used

Site Plan showing the Location of various Components of the plumbing system on the site
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Site section showing water distribution

Site section part 1

Site section part 2

2.3.1. Pumping System

Gravity Pumping along with mechanical pumping is the system to be adopted
for efficient and optima functioning of the project.
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2.3.2. Supply
The Main Supply tank (M.T.) is 4.5x4.5x2.5 in dimensions to capacitate the
amount of water required to be situated on the Top most point of the site to
ensure pressure during distribution along with filtration plant at the same place.

Individual Tank capacity – 5,000 litres

Filtration tank capacity – 42, 000 litres

2.3.3. Waste treatment

S.T.P.s to be located in Raw Materia garden and near Accommodations area.
The for it being that Pond 1 is the closest for the same and part of it can be
converted for treating waste water using Phyto purification. The Raw material
garden has been created in the form of bunds to ensure soil retention with a
side benefit of step by step purification of waste on its way. The waste from
S.T.P. can serve as manure for the garden with the sludge transmitted to
municipal drain running along the 6m wide road (N-W side of the site).

Conceptual diagram showing the use of topography for pumping of water.

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Section of a production unit showing the rain water tank under mezzanine floor.

The basic Rain water harvesting

combined with the building form
and function design to ensure
maximum efficiency of the rain
water harvesting techniques. i.e.
combined roofs, etc. The
capacity of each tank is 27,000
litres with 6 being in no. hence the
total amount of water being caught in one rainfall can be 162,000 litres.

2.3.4. Bunds
Bunds to be created in plantation areas to avoid landslides, better quality of
soil and effective irrigation.
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Sewage treatment filtration plants system.

Bioswales used along linear pathways for penetration of water and

replenishing ground water table.