DESIGN OF A WATER SUPPLY

SCHEME

NAME K.A.L.H. KURUPPU

INDEX NO 180344G
DATE OF SUB 23/02/2022
Contents
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Scope and Objective ............................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Objective ........................................................................................................................................ 2
3. Details of the Community .................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Geographical data ........................................................................................................................... 3
3.2 Population Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 7
3.3 Water Users .................................................................................................................................... 7
4. Demand Calculations ........................................................................................................................... 8
5. Technical details of the proposed water supply scheme ...................................................................... 9
5.1 Water source ................................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Water quality .................................................................................................................................. 9
5.3 Alternatives for the source ........................................................................................................... 10
5.4 Proposed conceptual design of the water treatment unit processes ............................................. 11
5.5 Other technical details .................................................................................................................. 12
6. Capital, operational and maintenance costs ....................................................................................... 13
6.1 Capital Expenditure ...................................................................................................................... 13
6.2 Operational Cost ........................................................................................................................... 13
6.3 Maintenance Cost ......................................................................................................................... 13
7. Benefits of providing water supply .................................................................................................... 13
7.1 Economic Benefits ....................................................................................................................... 13
7.2 Social Benefits.............................................................................................................................. 13
8. Sustainability aspects ......................................................................................................................... 13

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1. Introduction

In Sri Lanka, nearly half of the population has access to pipe-born water. With the increase in the
population, reliable safe water sources are getting damaged or getting not enough for the community.

A water source should have the ability to continuously supply water to a community while maintaining
the required capacity.

Here we are going to design the water supply scheme for the Korathota grama niladhari division in
Kaduwela Colombo and the water source for the project is identified as the Thalangama lake in
Thalangama.

2. Scope and Objective

2.1 Scope
The scope of the study is to design a water supply scheme for the Korathota area to provide safe
drinking water. This study looks into the improvement of human health ensuring good sanitation and
safe water.

2.2 Objective
Promote quality hygiene and sanitation facilities to the area considering economic and social impacts

Identify and compare alternative sources in the area

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3. Details of the Community
3.1 Geographical data
Korathota is in the Kaduwela division, Colombo district, Western Province.
The minimum elevation of the area is 2m and the maximum elevation is 127m with an average
elevation of 16m.

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Climate and Rainfall data

The precipitation pattern of the Korathota area is as follows,

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3.2 Population Characteristics

The total population of 9550 is in the grama niladhari division.

Divisional Secretariat - Kaduwela - Statistical_Information (ds.gov.lk)

Area = 4.95 km2

Population changes from 2000 to 2015 = +1.1 %
Population density = 1728/km2
Median age = 31.5 years

3.3 Water Users

This area is mostly a residential area with commercial buildings and industrial buildings.
The current water usage percentage is displayed below.
Non – domestic users are industrial and religious places.

Type of users Water consumption (lpcpd)

Domestic 200
Non-domestic 30

Water consumption percentage

17%
Own protected dug well
2% 35%
7% Own unprotected dug well
Protected common well
15%
Unprotected common well
24% Hand pump
Pipe born water

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4. Demand Calculations
4.1 Current water consumption

Consider 25% of population use water for non – domestic activities.

Domestic consumption = 200 x 9550 x 0.75 = 1432500 l/day

Non-domestic consumption = 30 x 9550 x 0.25 = 71625 l/day

Assume losses = 25%

Total current water consumption = 1880156.25 l/day = 1880.15 m3 / day

4.2 Future demand

Assumptions

Design period = 20 years

Daily peak factor = 1.5
Hourly peak factor = 2.5

Total Average Demand in 20 years = 1880.15 x (1.01)20 = 2294.14 m3 / day

Maximum Daily Demand = 1.5 x 2294.14 m3 / day = 3442 m3 / day

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5. Technical details of the proposed water supply scheme
5.1 Water source
• Catchment area = 251 ha
• Full supply level above MSL = 5.88m
• Capacity of the reservoir = 50 Ac.ft
• High flood level above MSL = 6.18m
• Water spread area at the FSL = 8.28 ha

5.2 Water quality

Thalangama tank is mostly used for agricultural purposes of the area.
So, due to the runoff from the urbanized area we can observe high pH values. But overall water quality
of the source is well under CEA specified values.
Colloidal content can be high due to the high population area.

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5.3 Alternatives for the source

Alternative 1
Tube wells

Tube wells need to be prepared in the area.

Advantage – Good quality groundwater source

Disadvantage – Not enough capacity

Alternative 2
Diyawanna Oya

The Diyawanna Oya water body is situated near to the Korathota with a large water capacity.

Advantages – High water capacity

Situated closer to the site

Disadvantages – Sanitary issues

Water quality is lower with industrial waste

Alternative 3
Water Supply Scheme for Thalangama tank

A water supply scheme can be designed to provide water to the area. The water can be supplied from
the Thalangama river. The reservoir is a good water source to supply water to the area which is
situated nearby to the location.

So alternative 3 is selected.

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5.4 Proposed conceptual design of the water treatment unit processes

Coagulation and
flocculation

Coarse and
Source fine screens

Sludge
drying bed

Clarifier

Storage Disinfection Slow sand

tank filter

Screening – This is used to remove of particles and natural debris from the inflow.

Coagulation and flocculation – For the removal of colloidal particles

Sedimentation – Removal of discrete particles and flocculated particles

Filtration – Impurities in the water are removed.

Disinfection – Chlorination id did to disinfect and secure from further contamination

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5.5 Other technical details

5.5.1 Storage Tank

A storage tank is designed between the supply point and the demand point.
An elevated tank is designed to supply water with sufficient pressure to all demand locations.

Maximum daily demand (Design flow) = 3442 m3 /day

The capacity of elevated storage tank = 3442 / 80% (Allowing for freeboard)
= 4303 m3 /day

The height for the tank is 15m for making the flows under gravity for the distribution system

5.5.2 Transmission Main

When designing the transmission main we use maximum daily demand as the design flow.

Velocity should be between (1.25 m/s – 2.0 m/s).

Maximum daily demand (Design flow) = 3442 m3 / day

= 3442 / (24*3600 ) = 0.0398 m3/s = 0.04 m3/s

Assume the velocity of the transmission main is 1.5 m/s

Q = AV
(πD2 /4) = Q/V
D = (4Q/πV)1/2
D = [(4 × 0.04) / (π × 1.5)]1/2 = 0.184 m = 184 mm
Therefore, select a 200 mm diameter pipe for the transmission main.

5.5.3 Pump capacity

Assume distance from the treatment plant to the storage tank = 1000 m
From Hazen – Williams nomograph,
Friction head loss per unit length = 0.013 m/m
Head loss = 0.013 × 1000 = 13 m

Therefore, pump capacity (for transmission main) = 15+13 = 28 m

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6. Capital, operational and maintenance costs

6.1 Capital Expenditure

Water treatment plant - Rs. 50 million
Pump house – Rs. 7 million
Storage tank – Rs.20 million
Transmission main – Rs.20 million
Distribution pipes - Rs. 40 million
Other – Rs. 1 million
Total Capital Cost = Rs. 138 million

6.2 Operational Cost

Operators – Rs. 80 000/month
Electricity – Rs. 60 000/month

6.3 Maintenance Cost

Cost for chlorine = Rs. 0.5 / m3 (Chlorine content of treated water ≈ 1ppm)
Maintenance cost = Rs. 60000 / month

7. Benefits of providing water supply

7.1 Economic Benefits
• Water can be supplied even in dry season.
• Cost for pumping water from wells will be reduced.
• Improvement of the water supply quality to industries.
• Saving money and time for fresh water.

7.2 Social Benefits

• All households will be provided with safe drinking water.
• New employments will be generated for the area.
• Sanitary facilities will be improved.
• Increase in quality of life.

8. Sustainability aspects

• This project will mainly cover the SDG goal no 6 Clean water and Sanitation.
• The community will have the opportunity to get safe drinking water at a low cost.
• The quality of the life will be improved.
• The operation of the water supply scheme cost is very low, and it ensures the economic
sustainability.

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References
Anon., n.d. [Online]
Available at: http://www.kaduwela.ds.gov.lk/index.php/en/statistical-information.html
[Accessed 25 02 2023].
Anon., n.d. Korathota topographic map. [Online]
Available at: https://en-ie.topographic-map.com/map-
srr4b3/Korathota/?center=6.89439%2C80.10655&zoom=11
city-facts, n.d. city-facts. [Online]
Available at: https://www.city-facts.com/korathota-western
[Accessed 26 02 2023].
Seneviratne, Munasinghe & Liyanage, n.d. Study on Deviation of Annual Rainfall Pattern in, s.l.: s.n.

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