MALT BARELY VALUE CHAININ ANALYSIS, THE CASE OF TINO WOREDA, ARIS

ZONE OROMIA REGION ETHIOPIA.

ARIS UNVIRERSTY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES DEPAETMENT OF AGRIBUSINESS

AND VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT (ABVM)

BY:

CHAIMISO DEMISSE

A SENIOR RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

AGRIBUSINESS AND VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR THE PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR IN
AGRIBUSINESS AND VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT

ADIVISOR:

SOLOMON YIGREM (MSc)

January, 2018

ARIS, ETHIOPIA
 ACRONYM

VCA Value chain analysis

CSA Central Statistical Agency
U.S united state
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization
SWOT Strength Weakness Opportunity and Threat
USAID United States Agency for International Development
AAFC
GDP Gorse Domestic Product
FCV Food Consumption Value
CV value chain
Table of Contents

ACRONYM.................................................................................................................................................i

TABLE LIST..............................................................................................................................................iv

1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................2

1.1. Back ground of the study.............................................................................................................2

1.2 statement of the problem...................................................................................................................5
1.3 Objective of the study........................................................................................................................5
1.3.1 General objective........................................................................................................................5
1.3.2 Specific objectives......................................................................................................................5
Research questions..................................................................................................................................5
1.5 Significance of the Study...................................................................................................................6
1.6 Scope and limitation of the study.......................................................................................................6
1.6.1 Scope of the study.......................................................................................................................6
2. LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................................................7

2.1 Conceptual Framework of Value Chain.............................................................................................7

2.1.1 Concept and definitions..............................................................................................................7
2.1.2 Application of Value chain Analysis in malt barely....................................................................8
2.1.3 Mapping the Value Chain...........................................................................................................9
2.1.4 Performance of the market..........................................................................................................9
2.1.5 Value Chain Actors...................................................................................................................10
2.2 Empirical Studies of Value Chain of Agricultural Products............................................................12
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................................14

3.1 Description of the Study area...........................................................................................................14

 3.2. Methods of Data Collection............................................................................................................14
3.3. Research Design.............................................................................................................................14
3.4. Sample Size and Sampling Techniques..........................................................................................15
3.5 sources of data.................................................................................................................................15
3.6. Data Analysis..................................................................................................................................15

4. BUDGET PLAN AND TIME TABLE..................................................................................................16

4.1 Time Table......................................................................................................................................16

4.2. BUDGET PLAN.............................................................................................................................17
4.2.1. Personal Costs..........................................................................................................................17
4.2.2. Stationery Cost........................................................................................................................17
4.2.3. Budget summery......................................................................................................................17
5. REFERENCE........................................................................................................................................18

6 APPENDEX...........................................................................................................................................20
 TABLE LIST
Table 1; duration of time table plan ………………………………
Table 2 personal cost………………………………………………
Table 3 stationary cost……………………………………………..
Table 4 budget summery…………………………………………...
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Back ground of the study

Value-added agriculture has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a means to
increase and/or stabilize farm incomes and to rejuvenate primary agriculture and the rural
economy. The move to value-added agriculture is fundamentally market-driven. Value-added
activities are born from the necessity to adapt to the wide-ranging changes affecting the
agriculture and agri-food industry. These changes stem from many interacting factors: the quick
expansion of agricultural trade and the resulting concentration in the agri-food industry, an
increasingly segmented consumer base, shifting consumer preferences, changing demographics
and income profiles, innovation in food and non-food uses of agricultural products and trade
related issues, including border closures, in an increasingly integrated global market (AAFC,
2004).
Increased competition as a result of globalization has resulted in lower returns for actors in
African agriculture, including farmers and agro-processors, as they have continued to lag behind
their competitors in innovation and the ability to set their products apart. With globalization,
product distinction and branding are becoming increasingly important ingredients for market
differentiation and upgrading strategies. This is especially due to greater consumer awareness,
with demand for superior and differentiated products (FAO, 2003).

Cereals are the most important food crops of the world and they provide the world with a
majority of its food calories and about half its protein. They are staple foods in the diets of most
population. In the year 2011, 2352.9 million metric tons of cereals were produced globally from
658.5 million hectares of land with an average productivity of 30.83 quintals per hectares (FAO,
2011). According to FAO (2O11), the world cereal production in the year 2011, was increased
by more than 5% from previous year production. In the same year, Africa’s contribution to the
world output was 6.35% (about 133.1 million tons).

In Ethiopia, Cereal production and marketing is the means of livelihood for millions of
smallholder households and it constitutes the single largest sub-sector in economy. Cereal
accounts for roughly 60% of rural employment, 80% of total cultivated land, more than 40% of a
typical household’s food expenditure, and more than 60% of total caloric intake. The
contribution of cereals to national income is also large. According to available estimates, cereal
production represents about 30% of gross domestic product (GDP). This calculation follows
from the fact that agriculture is 48% of the nation’s GDP (World Bank, 2007), and that cereals’
contribute to agricultural GDP is 65% (Diao et al, 2007)

In the country, cereals are also the major stable food crops taking a significant share of area
cultivated and volume of production obtained. Out of the total grain crop area, 79.69% (8.7
million hectares) was covered by cereals.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an annual cereal crop, which belongs to the tribe Triticeae of
family Poaceae (Harlan, 1976; Martin et al., 2006). It is a diploid (2n=14) plant with high degree
of self-fertilization.
Barley is the most widely grown crop over broad environmental conditions. It has persisted as a
major cereal crop through many centuries and it is the world’s fourth important cereal crop after
wheat maize and rice (Martin et al., 2006). Barley has a long history of cultivation in Ethiopia
and it is reported to have coincided with the beginning of plow culture (Zemede, 2000). It is the
most important crop with total area coverage of 1,129,112 hectares and total annual production
of about 1.7 million tons in main season (CSA, 2010). Barley is also a principal Belg season crop
second to maize in area coverage and production (Birhanu et al., 2005; CSA, 2008). In the
highland of the country barley can be grown in Oromia, Amhara, Tigray Regional States and part
of SNNP in the altitude range of 1500 and 3500 m, but it is predominantly cultivated between
2000 and 3000 masl (Berhane et al., 1996). Under extreme marginal conditions of drought, frost
and poor soil fertility, barely is the most dependable cereal and is cultivated on highly degraded
mountain slopes better than other cereal crops in the highland of Ethiopia (Ceccarelli et al.,
1999). As barley is early harvested crop, it is popular hunger breaker or relief crop during season
of food shortage in some parts of the country (Baye and Berhane, 2006).

In Ethiopia, barley types are predominantly categorized as food and malting barley based on
their uses while the highest proportion of barley production area is allocated for food barley.
Food barley is principally cultivated in the highland where the highest consumption in the form
of various traditional foods and local beverages from different barley types (Zemede, 2000).
Ceccarelli et al. (1999) also indicated that barley grain accounts for over 60% of food for the
highland in Ethiopia, for which it is the main source of calories. According to Birhanu et al.
(2005) barley is used in diversity of recipes and deep rooted in the culture of people’s diets.
Besides its grain value, barley straw is an indispensable component of animal feed especially
during the dry season in the highland where feed shortage is prevalent (Girma et al., 1996).
Barley straw is also used in the construction of traditional huts and grain stores as thatching or as
a mud plaster, as well as for use as bedding in the rural area (Zemede, 2000).

After wheat, teff and maize, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the most important small grain in
Ethiopia.
It is mainly used for consumption, production of malt (which is used for brewing of beer), animal
feed and pearl barley. A very small part of the Ethiopian barley crop is generally less suitable for
malting purposes and as such is used for human consumption. On average the annual commercial
production in Ethiopia is about 220 000 tons while the local consumption requirements for barley
are around 265 987 ton per year (CSA, 2010).
Barley contains about 75% carbohydrate, 9% protein and 2% fat. In energy terms, each gram
provides about 3.3 calories. Barley grain is rich in zinc (up to 50 PPM), iron (up to 60 ppm) and
soluble fibers, and has a higher content of Vitamins A and E than other major cereals.

During the last decade there has been increasing interest in barley to improve human health,
mainly in industrialized countries and major urban areas of developing countries. This is
boosting barley food-products and consumer interest in such products. The effectiveness of
barley beta-glucans in lowering blood cholesterol and barley’s low glycemic index in diets for
people with Type II diabetes is widely accepted. Barley is a rich source of tools, which are
known to be capable of reducing serum LDL cholesterol through their antioxidant action.
Barley bran flour accelerates gastrointestinal transit time, and is therefore said to reduce the
incidence of colon cancer. In North and East Africa, producing and marketing such processed
foods is becoming a common source of income for women (USDA, 2012).

Even if Ethiopia produce high amount barely yield in the world there are gaps in value chain
analyzed map. Therefore the main objective of this study is to fulfill gap in production,
productivity and marketing problems of several barley farmers in the steady area, through
Cognizant of these facts, the objective of this review will be Barley production and consumption
in the country; Marketing channels of barley; participants in the barley value chain and its map;
Opportunities and constraints of barley value chain in steady area.

1.2 statement of the problem

Agriculture is central to Africa’s agenda, and efforts have made to link production with
agribusiness for better growth in the sector. Now a day, earns an average of 24 per cent of its
annual growth from its farmers and their crops value chains reveal common and well known
constraints, such as poor infrastructure; fragmented and risky markets; poorly functioning input
markets; difficulties accessing land, water, and finance; and inadequate skills and technology.
More revealing, however, is the big differences across value chains (World Bank, 2013).

1.3 Objective of the study

1.3.1 General objective

 To analyze the value chain of malt barely in the study area.

1.3.2 Specific objectives

1. To analyze malt barely value chain actors and examine their performance in the chain;
2. To describe important marketing channels on malt barely value chain
3. To identify major constraints and opportunities of some actors along malt barely value
chain in study area.

Research questions
This research is designed in order to answer the following research questions.
1. What are the malt barely value chain actors and who is more benefiting from malt barely
value chain?
2. What are the existing market channels on malt barely value chain?
3. What are major constraints and opportunities in the value chain activities of malt barleys
production in the study area?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The study will show that stakeholder, actors, processors, producer and consumers primary
activity are identified in malt barely production up to end consumption. In this study it is
important to identify major value chain activities along different chain. The study is also needed
to create awareness about malt barely handling from input supply to end consumption. The
potential beneficiaries of the study are producer, different stakeholder and woreda agriculture
and rural development office for analysis income generated from malt barely to improve quality
and to including further process. Generally, this study uses as secondary sources for researcher to
conduct research.

1.6 Scope and limitation of the study

1.6.1 Scope of the study

Even if value chain analysis has many role indifferent situations, the researcher will focus only
on the Malt barely value chain analysis with three specific objectives in order to found out
solution for the problems that the researcher identified. On the other hand the researcher will
conduct the research in tino woreda, Aris zone of Oromia region.
 2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Conceptual Framework of Value Chain

2.1.1 Concept and definitions

A value chain is a chain of activities. Products pass through all activities of the chain in sequence
and at each activity the product gains some value. The chain of activities gives the products more
added value than the sum of added values of all activities. It is important not to mix the concept
of the value of the product with the costs of producing it. (ErikHempel, (2010))

A value chain describes all the activities, functions, roles and organisations involved in the
production, delivery and consumption of products from raw materials to final consumption
and back again through reverse flows (Hastings et al., 2016). Colloquially, this system is
often described as ‘farm gate to plate’, or ‘beef to burger’, simple descriptors for what are
dynamic and complex systems (Hearnshaw and Wilson, 2013).

What Gets Valued?

Dagevos and Ophem (2013) offer a helpful four-way classification of value (which they term
Food Consumption Value – FCV) that incorporates a view of consumer sentiment aligned with
the consumer centric view of value chains outlined in the previous section. These four views are

1. Product value –This adopts the traditional view of product attributes and characteristics
important to the consumer.
2. Process value – This focuses on the processes and practices used within the value chain
to produce the product.
3. Location value – This includes the point of purchase or consumption value but may
include value placed on how products get to the point of sale including the operational
activities of the supply chain.
4. Emotive value – This includes the consumer’s emotive response to consumption as well
as the brand/product story and any associated post-consumption moral/ethical
reinforcement or dissonance.
Value chain analysis (VCA) can be a useful tool as a firm seeks to achieve competitive
advantage. It describes the roles of the different actors involved in the production and trade of a
commodity, and the costs, benefits, opportunities and/or constraints accrued/faced by each actor;
and it also describes the relationships between these different actors in the chain. A value chain
is a way of conceptualizing the activities that are needed in order to provide a product or service
to a customer. It depicts the way a product gains value (and costs) as it moves along the path of
design, production, marketing, delivery, and service to the customer.( Value Chain Analysis and
Competitive Advantage Prescott C. Ensign 2012)

However, value chains can also be seen as a vehicle by which new forms of production,
technologies, logistics, labor processes and organizational relations and networks are introduced.
(Jacques H.Trienekens, 2011)

Value chain actors: The chain of actors who directly deal with the products, i.e. produce,
process, trade and own them.

Value chain supporters: The services provided by various actors who never directly deal with
the product, but whose services add value to the product.

Value chain influencers: The regulatory framework, policies, infrastructures, etc.

Barely Value Chain encompasses the full range of activities and services required to bring the
produce from farm to sale in local, national, or international markets. The value chain includes
input suppliers, producers, market actors, and buyers. (Khalid, eta. 2014)

2.1.3 Mapping the Value Chain

The first step of a value chain analysis is the so-called mapping. In order to do so, the boundaries
to other chains need to be defined. The main idea is initially to identify the actors and then to
‘map’ the traced product flows within the chain including input supply, production, processing,
and marketing activities. The objective is to give an illustrative representation of the identified
chain actors and the related product flows. A mapped value chain includes the actors, their
relationships, and economic activities at each stage with the related physical and monetary flows.
(AnjaFaße, etal. 2010)
2.1.4 Performance of the market
It is reflection of the impact of structure and conduct on product price, costs and the volume and
quality of output (Cramers and Jensen, 1982). If the market structure in an industry resembles
monopoly rather than pure competition, then one expects poor market performance. According
to Abbott and Makeham (1981), market performance is how successfully the firm’s aims
are accomplished, which shows the assessment of how well the process of marketing is
carried out.

Market performance can be evaluated by analyzing the costs and margins of marketing agents in
different channels. A commonly used measure of system performance is the marketing
margin or price spread. Margin or spread can be a useful descriptive statistics if it used
to show how the consumer’s food price is divided among participants at different levels
of marketing system

Marketing margin; is percentage of final weighted average selling price taken by each stage of
marketing chain. It is a commonly used measure of the performance of a marketing
system (Abbott and Makeham, 1981). It is defined as the difference between the price the
consumer pays and the price that is obtained by producers, or as the price of a collection of
marketing services, which is the outcome of the demand for and supply of such services
(Cramers and Jensen, 1982 and William and Robinson, 1990; Holt, 1993).

Total marketing margin is the difference between what a consumer pays and what a producer
receives for the product. In other words it is the difference between retail price and arm gate
price (Cramer and Jensen, 1982). Marketing margin in an imperfect market is likely to be
higher than that in a competitive market because of the expected abnormal profit. But
marketing margins can also be high, even in competitive market due to high real marketing costs
(Wolday, 1994).

Supply chains are concerned with what it costs and how best we can utilize our capacity
profitably. The main objectives of supply chain management are to maximize capacity utilization
and the focus is on pie-sharing, capacity and profit optimization, maintaining status-quo.(Worku
Tessema and Yemisrach Getachew,2012
2.1.5 Value Chain Actors

According to Muluken,.(2014) market chain actors can be defined as “a people who

directly involved in the exchange of goods; and it starts from input suppliers, producers, rural
traders or assemblers, processors, urban wholesalers, retailers and consumers.”
Market chain actors are grouped into four based on the function they contributed to the market
chain system: (Muluken,.(2014))

1. Production actors the actors whose roles are directly associated to basic
agricultural production, starting from input provision, for elaborating the market chain’s
product(s). This category can comprise pre-production, production, harvest, or extractive
activities.
2. Post-harvest and processing: the actors whose roles are directly linked to post
harvest management (cleaning, sorting, and packaging) or processing of primary
goods into value added products.
3. Trading actors: the actors whose tasks are connected to the buying and selling
of the market chain’s product(s).
4. Provider of business development services: include individual actors, organizations, or
companies that offer business development services to the market chain.

Producer

It is principal link in the marketing chain of agricultural products. The producer produces the
products and supply to the next agent. From the movement he/she decides what to produce, how
to produce, how much to produce, when to produce, and where to sale.
Wholesalers
Wholesalers obtain large quantities of products from producers, store them, and break them
down into cases and other smaller units more convenient for retailers to buy, a process called
“breaking bulk.” Wholesalers get their name from the fact that they resell goods “whole” to
other companies without transforming the goods.
Brokers, or agents;
They don’t purchase the products they sell (take title to them). Their role is limited to negotiating
sales contracts for producers.
Retailers
Retailers buy products from wholesalers, agents, or distributors and then sell them to
consumers. Retailers vary by the types of products they sell, their sizes, the prices they
charge, the level of service they provide consumers, and the convenience or speed they offer.
Consumer
It is the last link in the marketing chain. The participants and their respective functions often
overlap. The widest spread combinations are: traders- wholesalers that collect the commodity
and supply it to retailers, wholesalers-retailers (wholesalers that also sell directly to
consumers and wholesalers- exporters).

2.2 Empirical Studies of Value Chain of Agricultural Products

There are an ample number of research had been conducted in the field of value chain of
different agricultural commodities and there summary is as follows;

Study by Ayelech (2011) on fruits market chain analysis reported that the small scaling
deduction, quoting of lower prices, lack of market information and deficiency in capital and
credit availability are the major problems in the study area.

A study by Abel (2011) on farmers‟ involvement on value added produce finds out several
issues limiting the exploitation and maximization of value-added products. Some of them are
growers sold all their produce, and therefore did not see a clear need to become involved in
adding value to the remaining produce, lack of resources preventing them from adding value to
their foods, the lack of physical facilities to process food, the absence of financial means,
sanitary and other requirements are currently impeding many farm operators to fully optimize or
maximize their food production. And suggested that the involvement of government to assist
different growers to become beneficiary from their produces.

A study by Aoudji et al (2012) on teak poles value chain, the study employed cost accounting
and gross profit analysis method for the study and pointed out that the value-added on the chain
was positive and farmer who grow teak pole has increased their wealth. In addition to this the
study also finds out that transportation was the main issue for the value chain efficiency.

Chuong (2011) have conducted a study on value chain of white leg shrimp exported to the U.S
market. The researcher tried to identify the activities conducted by different actors in the value
chain and the corresponding costs and earning of those activities, evaluation of the distribution of
revenue, cost and profit and determining factors that protect shrimp farmers from dealing directly
with processing firms. He analyzed the date through profitability analysis. The result of the
findings showed that before shrimp exported to the U.S market, they have undergone the
farming, procurement, and processing. Concerning the distribution of costs, revenue and profit
along the chain, the result showed that distribution was in sync with expectations and the
research also revealed three basic reasons why farmers dependent on middlemen including lack
of facilities, delayed payment policy and risk aversion

A study by Ferdous et al (2012) on fish marketing and value chain reveals that the value chain of
fish is long and very complex and the lack of good road and transport networks with the landing
(assembling) centers deprives fishery to get fair price. In addition to this, middlemen in the fish
marketing chain bear the most cost of marketing while retailers enjoy the lion’s share of the
profit. Farmers receive relatively higher share (approximately 70%) of the retail value for all
species under study.

In addition a study made by Juhani (2012) who conducted study on value chain analysis of
potato in Tanzania with the objectives of examining the value chain of potatoes, factors that
prevent the industry’s development and in addition evaluating agricultural policies affecting
potato and presenting production and marketing chain in comparison with other crops. The result
revealed that the government does not affect much to neither the operation nor the development
of the chain and also confirmed that there are no straight policy barriers that are hampering the
conditions of smallholders. Regarding the problems, the result revealed that bad seed quality is
the major challenge followed by difficulty of getting loans and lack of investments in case of
production and poor road network being the biggest infrastructural issue in potato production.
Thus, poor seed quality, low access to loans

Value chain study conducted on mango by Dendenaet al. (2009) indicated that the subsector
faces some challenges. Among others: highly disorganized and fragmented industry with weak
value chain linkages, long and inefficient supply chains, inadequate information flows and lack
of appropriate production are explained as the major problems. The study recommended
institutional innovation to reduce the above challenges.
From these reviewed literatures severe production seasonality, seasonal price fluctuations,
transportation, lack of stable seed supply system, lack of market information, weak extension
support, poor pre-and post-harvest handling, prevalence of pest and diseases, lack of storage are
some of the critical problems encountered agricultural commodities production in Ethiopia.

Value chain study conducted on barley value chain by Rashid et al. (2014) indicated that there
are production and productivity, determinants of quantity supplied and some value chain aspects
of barley.
Value chain study conducted on malt barley value chain by Samuel Welde etal.(2017) indicated
that there are literacy of household head, family size, land allocated for malt barely; farming
experience, oxen ownership, access to improved seed, access to credit service, productivity of
wheat and agricultural input cost are important determinants of malt barley producers’ market
orientation. Therefore, policy aiming at improving farmers’ access to credit, access to improved
seed, cooperative performances and strengthening actors’ linkage can enhance the development
of malt barley value chain and farmers’ market orientation.
 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Description of the Study area

Tiyo is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone, Tiyo is
bordered on the south by Munesa, on the west by Ziway Dugda, on the northeast by Hitosa, and
on the southeast by Digeluna Tijo. The administrative center of the woreda and Zone is Asella;
other towns in Tiyo include Gonde.
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 86,761, of whom 43,463
were men and 43,298 were women; 6,525 or 7.52% of its population were urban dwellers. The
majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 58.5% of
the population reporting they observed this belief, while 40.24% of the populations were
Muslim, and 1.05% of the population were Protestant.

3.2. Methods of Data Collection

The study will be employed both primary and secondary data source. Primary data will be
collected from by personal interview, and by using semi structured questioners. The secondary
data will be through review published and unpublished book, annual reports, governmental
document and other written like research paper. So, both methods will be relevant for obtaining
data from farmers, development agent and administrative bodies, institution, traders and end
consumers.

3.3. Research Design

This study will be designed to analyze malt barely value chain in tiyo woreda, especially at
selected kebeles. Both quantitative and qualitative descriptive surveys will be used. Questioners
will prepare to collect data from farmers, development agents, traders, consumers and
agricultural institutions. All respondents will answer the relative questions. Questions will be
frame in a way that is easy to understand for the respondents using simple words or expressions.
Difficult technical terms will be avoided.

3.4. Sample Size and Sampling Techniques

A researcher will be used both Probability and non-probability sampling techniques to delineate
the study population and draw household respondents. 1 st the researcher will select woreda from
Aris zone by judgment sampling techniques. Totally in tiyo woreda there are 35 kebeles from
those kebeles the researcher will select 2 kebeles by using Judgment (purposive) sampling. The
reason for using this sampling method was that the shortage of time and resource.

In those kebeles there are 13, 802 populations in numbers from those 750 HH are target
population (barely value chain actors). The researcher will applied systematic sampling method
to select 73 respondents by using Solvent formula. The reason to select this method was because
to spread evenly over the entire population. It is also an easier and less costly method of
sampling and can be conveniently used even in case of large populations.

, n=750/1+750(0.0081), equal to 106 respondents.

Where, n; is sample size,

N; is target population,

e; is error value which is 10 %( 0.1) at confidence interval is 90%

From those respondents the researcher will take Marly barely producer, trader (collectors,
wholesalers & retailers), processors and end consumers with proportional to total target
populations in a study area.

3.5 sources of data

3.6. Data Analysis

The data will be collected from primary (by using interview and by using questioners and
secondary data (literature interview internet and other sources will be analyzed by using simple
descriptive techniques like table, frequency, percentage).To address the research objectives
stated by this study, the researcher also will employ descriptive methods of data Analysis. Such
as, mean percentage and graph. Since a great amount of data will be qualitative, appropriate
qualitative methods will be utilized. Some of those methods that the researcher will utilize are
value chain map and SWOT analysis.
 4. BUDGET PLAN AND TIME TABLE

4.1 Time Table

To accomplish the research the researcher will use the following time table plan. The
researcher will use the time table plan to know each month do any activity perfectly.
Table 1; duration of time table plan
Y E A R

NO ACTIVITIES 2 0 1 0 E C
M O N T H
NOVE DECEBE JANUR FEBRUR MARC APPRI MAY JU
R Y Y H L N
1 Title selection X X

2 Gather source for X X

titles
3 Proposal X X
preparation
3 Proposal X
presentation
4 Data collection X X

5 Data analysis X

6 Research writing X X

7 Research X
submission

8 Research X
presentation
4.2. BUDGET PLAN

4.2.1. Personal Costs

No. Qualification Round Trip date Payment rate Total
unit cost (Birr)

1. Transportation 6 3 92 birr 552 birr

on cost
2. Food expense - 45 birr/day 270 birr
Subtotal 822 birr

Table 2 personal cost

4.2.2. Stationery Cost

No. Items Unit Quantity Unit price in Total
birr
1. Pen No. 2 5.00 10
Notebook No. 1 10.00 10
2
3. CDs No. 2 6.00 12
4 Paper Rim 1 100.00 100
5 Print No. 50 1.50 75
6 Binder No. 2 15.00 30

7 Flesh No. 1 (8GB) 180 180

8 Telephone No. - - 50

Sub total 467

Table 3 stationary cost

4.2.3. Budget summery

NO. ITEM COST
1 Personal cost 822

2 Stationary cost 455

Subtotal 1277

Table 4 budget summery

5. REFERENCE
AnjaFaße, Ulrike Grote, Etti Winter 2010 value Chain Analysis Methodologies in the Context of
Environment and Trade Research Discussion Paper No. 429

AyelechTadesse, 2011. Market chain analysis of fruits for Gomma woreda, Jimma zone, Oromia
National Regional State.M.Sc thesis presented to School of Graduate Studies, Haramaya
University.p110.

CSA (2010). Central Statistics Authority Report on Area and Production of Crops. Statistical
Bulletin of Agricultural Sample Survey, Volume IV, No. 446, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

CSA. August 2008. Agricultural Sample Survey 2007/2008 (2000 E.C

CSA. June 2008. Agricultural Sample Survey 2007/2008 (2000 E.C.): Volume I - Report on
Area and Production Crops (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season). Statistical
Bulletin 417. Addis Ababa:

DendenaGetachew, EfremLema and Lema Belay, 2009.Fresh mango value chain analysis in
Arbaminch area. Organization of value chain competency. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

ErikHempel, (2010) Value Chain Analysis in the Fisheries Sector in Africa.

Jacques H.Trienekens, 2011 Agricultural Value Chains in Developing Countries A Framework

for Analysis International Food and Agribusiness Management Review Volume 14
Associate Professor, Wageningen University-Management Studies and Maastricht School
of Management Hollandseweg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Jonathan Mitchell, etal. (2009) Trading Up: How a Value Chain Approach Can Benefit the
Rural poor. COPLA Global: Overseas Development Institute, 111 Westminster Bridge
Road, London SE1 7JD, UK

Samuel Welde etal.(2017 malt barely value chain analysis Journal of Economics and Sustainable
Development ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online) Vol.8, No.13, 2017
 6 APPENDEX
QUESTIONARY

Aris University College of Agriculture

Department of Agribusiness and value chain management

Survey Questionnaires
Dear respondents, I kindly request you to support me by giving relevant information on this
questionnaire. Its aim is to get information on mart barely value chain analysis in tiyo
woreda. The questionnaire is prepared by student Chaimiso Demisse who is a third year
Agribusiness and Value Chain Management department student at Aris University for the
purpose of senior research project in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor Degree of agribusiness
and value chain management. Therfore please dig(√)on boxes provided or fill the blank spaces
accordingly.
Demographics
1. Name of household head_____________________ Sex ______ Age ___________ years.
A. Sex 1. Male 2. Female
B. Age 1, ≤35 2, 35-55 2, ≥55
2. Marital status of household head ________
1. Single 2.Married
3. Divorced 4.Widows
3. Religion of the household __________
1. Orthodox 2.Protestant
3. Catholic 4.Muslim
4. Total number of family members’ ______.
1. Blow 15 years ______ 3. 31-45 years __________ 5. Above 64 years ________
2. 15-30 years________ 4.46-60 years ____________
5. Education level of household head _
1. Illiterate 3. Primary first cycle school 5. Formal education 7. Preparatory
2. Read and write 4. Secondary school 6. Primary second cycle school
For producers (farmers)
1. Do you own arable land? (√) 1. [ ] Yes 2. [ ] No
2. What is the size of land used ? _____ timad _____ ha.
3. Distance of your residence from the nearest market center.
4. Distance of your residence to the nearest development center ______walking time
(Minutes).
5. Distance to all weather road ____________ Km or _______hours walk.
6. Amounts of mart barely Produced per unit area of land in quantal___________?
7. Experience on mart barely production _______________ years.
8. Is supply of labor a problem during production? 1. _ Yes 2. _ No__
9. What is your labor source for mart barely production?
10. What is your selling price of mart barely per quintal of?
11. What was the extension advice specifically on mart barely production? _
1. Certified Seed 3. Fertilizer (compost) applications
2. Seed sowing method 4.Marketing of barely.
12. Where did you sell your production? [a] Aris market [b] local market[c] others market
13. By what do you transport?
1= on horse
2= Vehicle
3=on foot (Being carried)
4=others
14. To whom do you sell?
1. Wholesaler 2. Retailer 3.Consumer
4. Processors 5.Brokers 6. Local collector
15. Did you know the market prices before you sold your mart barely in 2016/2017?
1=Yes 0=No
16. What are the problems of marketing in 2016/2017?
17. Did you face difficulty in finding buyers when you wanted to sell mart barely?
1= yes 0= No
18. What do you do if you didn’t get the expected price for your barely supply?
 1. Took back home 3. Sold at lower price
19. Took to another market on the same day
20. What are the mart barely production constraints on your farm?
1. Insects 2. Disease 3.Drought 4.Weeds 5.Frost 6.Flood 7.Shortage of
fertilizer 8.Lack of pesticides and herbicides 9. Others

Questions for Collectors

1. What is the purchasing price of 1quantal of mart barely?-------------birr.
2. What is the selling price of 1 quintal of of mart barely ------------birr
3. What is your total cost of marketing of mart barely ?(Birr)
4. What is your total profit of marketing of mart barely? (Birr)
5. From whom you purchase mart barely?
6. To whom you sell mart barely?
1. Retailers 2. Processors 3. Wholesalers
7. From where did you buy mart barely?
8. What are your constraints of mart barely marketing?
9. What are your opportunities of mart barely marketing?

Questions for Wholesalers

1. From whom you purchase?

a. 1. Producers 2.Rural collectors 3.Both

2. To whom you sell vegetable?

a. 1. Retailers 2. Processors 3. Both
3. From where did you buy?
4. Where did you sell?
5. What are your constraints of mart barely marketing?
6. What are your opportunities of mart barely marketing?
Questions for Retailers
1. From whom you purchase?
1. Producers 2.Rural collectors 3. Wholesalers
2. To whom you sell?
3. What is the total amount you purchase?
1. ---------quintals
4. From where did you buy?
5. Where did you sell?
6. What is the purchasing price of 1quantal of mart barely?
1. -------------birr.
7. What is the selling price of 1 quintal of mart barely?
1. ------------birr
8. What is your total cost of mart barely marketing?
1. --------birr
9. What is your total profit of marketing?
1. ----------birr
10. What are your constraints of mart barely marketing?
11. What are your opportunities of mart barely marketing?