100 Plus Plants Identification in Malaysia

By: Siti Normaya Kamarulzaman
GS48401
PLANT IDENTIFICATION
TREES - Alstonia angustiloba
Botanical Name : Alstonia angustiloba
Common Name : Common Pulai, Pulai
Origin : Southeast Asia
Plant Characteristic:
Mature Size : 25 to 40m tall
Color : Dark green
Overall Form : Tiered (Pagoda-shaped crown)
Overall Texture : Coarse
Flower : Small creamy white inflorescence; fragrant
TREES - Alstonia angustiloba
Plant Habit :
Full sun, moderate water (Fast growing)
Use in Landscape :
Roadside tree, shade tree, ornamental tree in gardens
Other Uses :
Abscesses and boils can be treated using the latex from the bark. The soft wood
is used in making floor boards, household items, matches, and posts.
Other Species :
Alstonia scholaris Alstonia spatulata

(Indian Pulai) (Marsh Pulai)
Origin: Southeast Asia Origin: Southeast Asia
Alstonia macrophylla
(Hard Alstonia)
Origin: Southeast Asia
TREES - Amherstia nobilis
Botanical Name : Amherstia nobilis
Common Name : Amherstia
Pride of Burma
Queen of Flowering Tree
Origin : Myanmar
Plant Characteristic :
Mature Size : 9 – 12m tall
Color : Dark green
Overall Form : Rounded crown, gentle weeping branches.
Overall Texture : Medium
Flower : Bright crimson red inflorescence, with two of
out of five petals are minutes, and the rest
unequal size.
TREES - Amherstia nobilis
Plant Habit :
Full to moderate sun, medium water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental
Other Uses :
Young leaves and flowers are edible.
This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these
bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Other Species :
Saraca thaipingensis
(Yellow saraca)
Origin: Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia,
Indonesia (Java)
Maniltoa grandiflora
Handkerchief tree
Origin: New Guinea
TREES - Arverrhoa bilimbii
Botanical Name : Arverrhoa bilimbii
Common Name : Cucumber tree
tree sorrel
Belimbing Asam
Belimbing buluh
Origin : Moluccas, Indonesia
Mature Size : 5 - 10m tall
Color : Yellowish-green
Overall Form : Vase
Flower :Small, fragrant, 5-petalled, dark purplish red
flowers, emerging directly from trunk,
branches and twigs
TREES - Arverrhoa bilimbii
Plant Habit :
Full sun, medium water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental
Other Uses :
Fruits can be eaten raw or made into sweet jam, pickles and added into dishes.
Leaves poultice used to soothe itches.
Other Species :
Averrhoa carambola (Starfuit, Carambola)

Origin: Moluccas, Indonesia
Phyllanthus acidus (Otaheite gooseberry,

Malay gooseberry, cermai)
Origin: The Caribbean region, South East
Asia
TREES - Azadirachta indica
Botanical Name : Azadirachta indica
Common Name : Neem
Ineem
Indian lilac
Origin : India
Mature Size - 15-20 m
Color - Light green
Overall Form - Oval
Overall Texture - Fine
Flower - White/ creamy and fragrant flowers are
arranged in more-or-less drooping axillary
panicles inflorescence.
TREES - Azadirachta indica
Plant Habit :
Drought resistant, full sun and moderate water.
Functional Use in Landscape:

Open space garden and walkside.
Other Uses:
Prevent soil erosion and to help in soil conservation and improvement. Other than that almost every part of
the tree has some uses. Durable wood is used for furniture and lumber. Leaves and bark are used in teas,
cosmetics, toothpaste, pet care and medicinal preparations.
Other Species:
Azadirachta excelsa
(Sentang)
Origin: Malaysia & Vietnam
Melia dubia
(Kaadu)
Origin: India
TREES - Brownea grandiceps
Botanical Name : Brownea grandiceps .
Common Name : Rose of Venezuela
Scarlet Flame Bean.
Origin : Venezuela .
Mature Size - about 6 m.
Color - brownish-pink and eventually
a uniform shade of green.
Overall Form - spreading .
Overall Texture - fine .
Flower - contain numerous crimson, red, deep
pink or purple tubular flowers, each with
projecting stamens and style.
TREES - Brownea grandiceps
Plant Habit :
Prefers Full Sun , Moderate Water and Semi-Shade .
• In the parks to provide shade because it needs areas where the diameter of the tree to 20 meters.
Other Uses:
• Dried flowers have been used in infusions to treat dysentery. Bark has been used to reduce bleeding
and aid clotting of the blood.
Other Species:
Brownea coccinea Brownea Leucantha

(Scarlet Flame Bean, Mountain (Roso Blanco )
Rose, Rose of Venezuela) Origin: Venezuela .
Origin: Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil
and Trinidad and Tobago .
TREES - Bucida molineti
Botanical Name : Bucida molineti
Common Name : Dwarf Geometry Tree
Spiny Black Olive
Origin : Bahamas (Tropical America)
Mature Size : Up to 12m
Color : Green (Green and white, if variegated)
Overall Form : Layered spreading
(Twigs growing densely in layerred)
Overall Texture : Fine
Flower : Yellow and insignificant flowers
TREES - Bucida molineti
Plant Habit :
Full to semi-shade, Intermediate to wet
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental plant
Other Uses :
Planted to provide shade for other plants (Nurse tree); its bark used as tanning
agent and also an ingredient in Sun’s Soup, an American dietary supplement
with alleged anti-cancer properties.
Other Species :
Bucida buceras
(Black olive tree)
Origin: Mexico, Central America, the
Carribean and northern South
America.
TREES - Callistemon splendens
Botanical Name : Callistemon splendens .
Common Name : Bottlebrush.
Origin : Australia.
Mature Size - Up to 4-6m .
Color - Dark green
Overall Form - Irregular
Overall Texture - Medium
Flower - Individual flower is small with long
and showy bright red stamen, forming
dense bushy inflorescences clustered at
branch tips.
TREES - Callistemon splendens
Plant Habit :
Prefers Full Sun and Moderate Water .
• Suitable for narrows or restricted verges along minor roads, home garden, parks and open spaces and
Can be planted as hedge or screen
Other Uses:
• The nectar-rich flowers are popular with hummingbirds, bees and other insects.
• Flower can used in floral arrangements and bouquets.
• Wood is used ass firewood and for making tool handles.
Other Species:
Callistemon salignus Melaleuca pallida

(white bottlebrush) (lemon bottlebrush)
Origin: Australia . Origin: Australia .
Melaleuca comboynensis
(cliff bottlebrush) Callistemon kenmorrisonii
Origin: New South Wales and (Betka bottlebrush)
Australia . Origin: Australia .
TREES - Cananga odorata
Botanical Name : Cananga odorata
Common Name : Ylang-Ylang Tree
Cananga Tree
Origin : South East Asia
Mature Size : 3 - 5m
Color : Green
Overall Form : Irregular
Flower : Drooping, long-stalked, greenish-yellow
(rarely pink) petals, fragant
TREES - Cananga odorata
Plant Habit :
Full to partial sun, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Fragrant plant, ornamental plant
Other Uses :
Essential oil extracted from flower and used in aromatherapy, perfumery.
Other Species :
Cananga fruticosa
(Dwarf Ylang-ylang)
Origin: Thailand
TREES - Cinnamomum iners
Botanical Name : Cinnamomum iners .

Common Name : Wild cinnamomum .
Origin : India, Indochina, Malaysia.
Mature Size - Up to 10-15m.
Color - Dark Green .
Overall Form - Oval .
Overall Texture - Medium .
Flower - Small, creamy white to light yellow,
produced in bunches, pollinated by small
insects.
TREES - Cinnamomum iners
Plant Habit :
• Often planted along major roads and expressways as hedge or buffer against traffic and noise and also
planted as a colourful shade tree in parks and gardens
Other Uses:
• Leaves are also traditionally used to treat rheumatism, fever, dysentery, diarrhea and coughs .
• Can be used as butterfly host plant (leaves-food for caterpillar)
• A decoction of boiled roots is commonly given to women after give birth.
Other Species:
Cinnamomum verum Cinnamomum camphora

(Ceylon cinnamon tree) (camphorwood)
Origin: Srilanka . Origin:China, Taiwan,
southern , Japan, Korea, and
Vietnam .
Cinnamomum glanduliferum
(false camphor tree ) Cinnamomum glaucescens
Origin: China , Bhutan , India , (Sugandhakokila)
Malaysia , Myanmar and Nepal. Origin: Bhutan , India and
Nepal .
TREES - Delonix regia
Botanical Name : Delonix regia
Common Name : Royal poinciana
flamboyant
Semarak api
Origin : Many tropical part in the wolrd
Color - Red green
Overall Form - Spreading
Overall Texture - fine
Flower - Yellow ,large, with four spreading
scarlet or orange-red petals up to 8 cm
long, and a fifth upright petal called the
standard
TREES - Delonix regia
Plant Habit :
Delonix regia is endemic to the Madagascar's dry deciduous forests but has been introduced into tropical and
sub-tropical regions worldwide. In the wild it is endangered.

its ornamental value, it is also a useful shade tree in tropical conditions
Garden, Park, Seaside, Shade, Specimen, Streetscape
Other Uses:
Other Species:
Delonix elata Delonix decaryi

(Yellow Gul Mohur) Origin: Madagascar
Origin: Somalia
Delonix pumila Delonix floribunda

Origin: Madagascar Origin: Madagascar
TREES - Dracaena draco
Botanical Name : Dracaena draco
Common Name : Dragon tree, Draco
Origin : Canary Island
Mature Size : 0.9 – 1.2m (indoor)
Color : Blue-green
Overall Form : Umbrella-shaped
Overall Texture :Coarse
Flower : White, Lily-like perfumed flower
(after 10-15 years)
TREES - Dracaena draco
Plant Habit :
Full sun, part shade
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental plant, accent plant, decorative indoor plant
Other Uses :
Medicinal: Its red color resin
Other Species :
Dracaena marginata
Dracaena reflexa
(Red Edged Dracaena)
(Song of India)
Origin: Madagascar, Mauritius
Origin: Madagascar, Mauritius
Dracaena fragrans Dracaena aletriformis

(Dragon Plant) (Large-leavesd Dragon Tree)
Origin: Africa Origin: South Africa
TREES - Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Botanical Name : Eucalyptus camaldulensis .
Common Name : River Red Gum.
Origin : Australia.
Mature Size - it reaches 18 m.
Color - grey-green.
Overall Form - Irregular .
Flower - The white flowers appear from
August to November and can be
profuse.
TREES - Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Plant Habit :
Prefers Full Sun and little Water .
• The speed of growth and resistance to environmental conditions made it useful in public parks.
Other Uses:
• Eucalyptus alba is mainly used for paper making. The timber is used for light and heavy construction,
flooring, boat building, furniture, handles, sporting goods, agricultural implements, joinery, railway
sleepers, poles and carvings. The wood is often used as fuelwood and for making charcoal. Eucalyptus
alba is a bee forage and is used in reforestation programmes and in swampy areas for reclamation
purposes.
Other Species:
Eucalyptus diversifolia Eucalyptus melliodora
(soap mallee) ( Yellow Box )
Origin: Australia. Origin: South Wales.
Eucalyptus gomphocephala
Eucalyptus propinqua
(Tuart )
( Grey Gum or Small fruited
Origin: southwest of Western
Grey Gum)
Australia .
Origin: Australia.
TREES - Eucalyptus deglupta
Botanical Name : Eucalyptus deglupta
Common Name : Rainbow eucalyptus,
Mindanao gum
rainbow gum.
Origin : New Britain, New
Guinea, Seram, Sulawesi & Mindanao
Color - Bright green, inner bark
Flower - Tiny, white, showy, pollinated by bees
TREES - Eucalyptus deglupta
Plant Habit :
moderately wet soil, high humidity, frequent watering neccessary, full sun required

is cultivated as an ornamental tree, for planting in tropical and subtropical gardens and parks. It is not resistant
frosts. The showy multi-coloured streaks that cover the trunk are a distinctive landscape design element.
Other Uses:
Occasionally used as charcoal, the Rainbow Eucalyptus’ wood is its major selling point. The wood is used for
particleboard, boats, construction lumber, plywood, and many other options
Other Species:
Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus camaldulensis

(southern blue-gum) (river red gum)
Origin: Australia Origin: Australia
Eucalyptus grandis Eucalyptus marginata

(flooded gum) (jarrah)
Origin: New South Wales Origin: Western Australia
TREES - Eurycoma longifolia
Botanical Name : Eurycoma longifolia
Common Name : Tongkat Ali
Pasak Bumi
Long Jack
Origin : South East Asian region
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - are dioecious, with male and female
flowers, each flower with very small
petals.
TREES - Eurycoma longifolia
TREES -
Plant Habit: Eurycoma longifolia
It grows in Full to partial sun, well-drain soil, Moderate watering, air-layering.

Ornamental shrubs
Residential Planting, terrestrials Garden planting,
Other Uses:
The plant is used in the traditional medicine of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam.
Tongkat Ali is listed among the top five herbs to be developed on a large scale.To support this commercializatio
Other Species:
Eurycoma harmandiana Eurycoma apiculata

TREES - Ficus benjamina
Botanical Name : Ficus benjamina
Common Name : Weeping fig
Benjamin fig
Ficus tree
Origin : Asia & Australia
Mature Size - 30 m
Color - Dark green
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - Small yellow pale blossoms
TREES - Ficus benjamina
Plant Habit :
Tolerance of poor growing conditions; it does best in bright, sunny conditions but will also tolerate
considerable shade. It requires a moderate amount of water.

The weeping fig makes a very large and stately tree for parks and other urban situations, such as wide roads.
Also can be used as houseplant and bonsai.
Other Uses:
Ficus benjamina has been shown to effectively remove gaseous formaldehyde from indoor air.
Other Species:
Ficus carica Ficus longifolia

(Fig) (Alii fig/ Banana leaf fig)
Origin: Middle east & Western Asia Origin: India & Southeast Asia
Ficus microcarpa Ficus macrophylla

(Hill’s weeping fig) (Moreton bay fig)
Origin: Australia Origin: Eastern coast of Australia
TREES - Ficus elastica
Botanical Name : Ficus elastica .
Common Name : Indian Rubber Tree.
Origin : India, South Asia.
Mature Size - Up to 30m in height
Color - Dark glossy green.
Overall Form - Spreading .
Overall Texture - Coarse.
Flower - Both the tiny male and female
flowers develop inside the fig-like
inflorescence, which is fixed on a leaf
scar.
TREES - Ficus elastica
Plant Habit :
• Usually grown in large parks or open spaces, where it can be allowed to fully
spread.
Other Uses:
• The wood is light and non-durable and is used in making cheap furniture.
• All parts of the tree contain white latex, which was used for a long time in the
rubber industry. However, nowadays it has been replaced by latex from Para-
Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)
Other Species:
Same as Ficus benjamina

TREES - Ficus elastica (Burgandy)
Botanical Name : Ficus elastica var burgundy
common name : Rubber fig
Rubber bush
Rubber tree
Origin :Southest Asia
Mature Size - 30–40 m
Color - Evergreen
Overall Texture - Coarse
Flower - Require a particular species of fig
wasp to pollinate it in a co-evolved.
TREES - Ficus elastica (Burgandy)
Plant Habit :
in frost-free climates from the tropical to the Mediterranean and inside in colder climates as a houseplant.
Although it is grown in Hawaii, the species of fig wasp required to allow it to spread naturally is not present
there.

is grown around the world as an ornamental plant
Other Uses:
in frost-free climates from the tropical to the Mediterranean and inside in colder climates as a houseplant.
Although it is grown in Hawaii, the species of fig wasp required to allow it to spread naturally is not present
there.
Other Species:
Ficus elastica Roxb

(bunoh seteroh )
Origin: Sri Lanka
TREES - Ficus lyrata
Botanical Name : Ficus lyrata
Common Name : Fiddle-leaf fig
Origin : Western Africa
Color - Evergreen
Flower - In their natural habitat and outdoors
fiddle leaf plants will produce flowers
and then fruits, however, indoors it
rarely happens.
TREES - Ficus lyrata
Plant Habit :
Keep soil evenly moist at all times, needs Bright, do not overwater or leave plant sitting in water

It is a popular ornamental tree in subtropical and tropical gardens, and is also grown as
a houseplant in temperate areas, where it usually stays shorter and fails to flower or fruit. Like most figs, it is
frost tender.
Other Uses:
Indoor decoration and design
Other Species:
Ficus carica Ficus palmata

( Fig) (Punjab fig)
Origin: Middle East Origin: Mid-himalaya
Ficus deltoidea Ficus fraseri

(Mas Cotek) (white sandpaper fig )
Origin: Southeast Asia Origin: Australia
TREES - Filicium decipiens
Botanical Name : Filicium decipiens .
Common Name : Fern Tree.
Origin : India and Sri Lanka .
Mature Size - Up to 20 m in height.
Color - glossy green.
Overall Texture - Fine .
Flower - Small, pinkish-white and numerous .
The male and female flowers are held
in separate groups .
TREES - Filicium decipiens
Plant Habit :
• An attractive ornamental species suitable for planting along roadsides or in parks and gardens.
• It makes for a good shade tree due to its dense wide crown .
Other Uses:
• The wood of the Fern Tree has economic value and is used for house building .
Other Species:
1 - Filicium decipiens Thwaites, 1760

2 - Filicium longifolium (H.Perrier) Capuron 1969
3 - Filicium thouarsianum (DC.) Capuron 1969
Filicium longifolium Filicium thouarsianum

TREES - Garcinia hombroniana
Botanical Name : Garcinia hombroniana
Common Name : Beruas
luli
Waa
Minjok
Mature Size - 4.5-6 m
Color - Evergreen
Flower - are whitish, and occur terminally in
clusters of 1-3
TREES - Garcinia hombroniana
Plant Habit :
It grows on rocky and sandy coasts.
It also grows well in acid clay soils, and tolerates drought as well as high rainfall

It is suitable for planting along streetscapes, parks, gardens, and coastal areas/parks for its dense leafy.
Other Uses:
The fruit of seashore mangosteen is aromatic but with thin, sour flesh. It could probably be used to make
juices and jellies. The roots and leaves are used medicinally to relieve itching.
Other Species:
Garcinia afzelii Garcinia gummi-gutta

(Bitter kola ) (Brindleberry)
Origin: Cameroon Origin: Indonesia
Garcinia atroviridis Garcinia gummi-gutta

(Asam keping) (Mundu)
Origin: Malaysia Origin: Indonesia
TREES - Hopea odorata
Botanical Name : Hopea odorata .
Common Name : Merawan Siput Jantan.
Origin : Indochina, Northern Malaya Peninsula.
Mature Size - growing to 25-30m or more in height.
Color - dark green.
Overall Form - conical .
Flower - Small and pale yellow in colour
TREES - Hopea odorata
Plant Habit :

• An increasing popular species for roadside shade planting due to its fast growth and straight upright
form .
Other Uses:
• The attractive yellowish-brown timber (sometimes called Merawan) is very hard and heavy and is
reported to be more durable than teak. It is resistant to fungal and termite attack and is used for
general construction, boats, furniture, flooring, joinery, turnery and weatherboards.
Other Species:
Hopea parviflora Hopea ponga
(Hopea,Iron wood of Malabar , ( Thingam )
White Kongu) Origin: India .
Origin: India.
Hopea utilis
(Black kongu )
Origin: India .
TREES - Hura crepitans
Botanical Name : Hura crepitans .
Common Name : Indonesia Umbrella Tree.
Origin : Tropical America .
Mature Size - about 20m in height.
Color - dark green.
Overall Texture - Coarse .
Flower - Tiny reddish male flower occur in
cone-like spikes and the dark red
female flowers are solitary.
TREES - Hura crepitans
Plant Habit :
Prefers Full Sun and Lots Water .
• Sandbox Tree is suitable for planting in gardens and parks, but because of its ultimate potential size, is
not for the average yard. .
Other Uses:
• The common name comes from an ancient use of the immature fruits, when hollowed out and filled
with fine sand, as quill holders and blotting mechanisms.
• The timber is used for general carpentry, boxes and crates, veneer and plywood, joinery, furniture,
fibreboard and particleboard.
Other Species:
Hura polyandra
(Arbol del diablo)
Origin: Mexico
TREES - Jacaranda obtusifolia
Botanical Name : Jacaranda obtusifolia .
Common Name : Jambu Merak, Jacaranda.
Origin : South America .
Mature Size - up to 12m high.
Color - light green.
Flower - The bell-shaped flowers are
bluish-violet in colour with a white
throat and are borne in large
bunches on the ends of the twigs.
TREES - Jacaranda obtusifolia
Plant Habit :

• used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens and in the aesthetics of the streets.
Other Uses:
• The wood is used in carving, woodcraft, veneer and furniture.
Other Species:
Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda arborea

(jacaranda, blue jacaranda, black ( flowering plant )
poui, or as the fern tree) Origin: Cuba.
Origin: South America .
Jacaranda caroba
Jacaranda caerulea
(Brazilian Caroba-tree )
( boxwood or cancertree)
Origin: Cerrado vegetation in
Origin: West Indies, including
Brazil .
Cuba and the Bahamas.
TREES - Juniperus chinensis
Botanical Name : Juniperus chinensis .
Common Name : Blue Juniper.
Origin : Chinese & Japan.
Mature Size - up to 1-20m high.
Color - dark green.
Flower - have a whitish waxy
bloom, and contain 2-
4 seeds
TREES - Juniperus chinensis
Plant Habit :
• This popular ornamental tree or shrub in gardens and parks.
• Provides good height when incorporated with foundation plantings.
Other Uses:
• The Chinese juniper is widely used in bonsai.
Other Species:
Juniperus sabina Juniperus horizontalis

(savin juniper or savin) (creeping juniper or
Origin: mountains of central and creeping cedar)
southern Europe and western and Origin: northern North
central Asia America.
Juniperus virginiana Juniperus squamata

(red cedar, eastern red cedar ) (flaky juniper or Himalayan
Origin: North juniper)
Origin: China.
TREES - Khaya senegalensis
Botanical Name : Khaya senegalensis .

Common Name : Senegal Mahaogany.
Origin : Tropica Africa .
Mature Size - A very large and tall tree
growing in excess of 30m in height .
Color - Dark green .
Flower - Small (less than 1cm wide), pale white
in colors with 5 small petals, and occur in
clusters .
TREES - Khaya senegalensis
Plant Habit :
• As a shade or avenue tree, particularly at parks and along major roads and expressways.
Other Uses:
• The wood is highly valued for its beautiful figurative grain and its rich reddish mahogany brown clour.
• It is used in furniture and cabinetwork, joinery, fixtures, flooring, boat building, decorative veneers,
construction and household utensils.
• The bark contains tannin and is used for treating leather.
Other Species:
Khaya anthotheca
Khaya grandifoliola
( East African mahogany)
(African Mahogany)
Origin: Africa .
Origin: Benin, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Ivory
Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria,
Sudan, Togo, and Uganda . Khaya ivorensis
(Lagos mahogany )
Origin: Africa .
TREES - Leptospermum brachyandrum
Botanical Name : Leptospermum brachyandrum .
Common Name : Weeping Tea Tree.
Origin : Australia .
Mature Size - growing up to 4m in height.
Color - green.
Flower - Flowers are small, white in colour.
TREES - Leptospermum brachyandrum
Plant Habit :
• used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens and in the aesthetics of the streets
Other Uses:
• It belongs to the family of Tea Trees which derived its name from the early colonial settlers in Australia
who boiled the leaves to use as a substitute for tea .
Other Species:
Leptospermum lanigerum
Leptospermum laevigatum
(woolly tea-tree)
(Coastal Tea Tree)
Origin: Australia .
Origin: Australia
Leptospermum petersonii Leptospermum liversidgei

(lemon-scented tea tree) (swamp may, olive teatree,
Origin: Australia. or lemon teatree)
Origin: Eastern Australia..
TREES - Manitoa browneiodes
Botanical Name : Manitoa browneiodes .
Common Name : Handkerchief Tree.
Mature Size - small tree, 5-10m in height.
Color - dark green.
Overall Form - Oval.
Flower - It produces a bunch of white flowers
with papery brown bracts which grow
from the ends of branches .
TREES - Manitoa browneiodes
Plant Habit :
• it is commonly planted in parks, open spaces and traffic islands and its beautiful flowers add a brilliant
splash of colour to surroundings.
Other Uses:
• The Handkerchief Tree produces a moderately hard, fairly strong and durable timber generally used
for construction, furniture, veneer and charcoal.
Other Species:
Maniltoa lenticellata
( Silk Handkerchief Maniltoa grandiflora
Tree, Cascading Bean) (handkerchief
Origin: Queensland, Torres tree and pokok sapu
Strait Islands, and Guinea. . tangan )
Origin: Asia .
TREES - Messua ferrea
Botanical Name : Messua ferrea .
Common Name : Penaga Lilin
Ironwood.
Origin : Sri Lanka, India, Indochina, Malay
Peninsula.
Mature Size - can grow to 30m or more.
Color - dark green.
Flower - Large, white and very fragrant with a
bright yellow centre and are up to 4cm
across.
TREES - Messua ferrea
Plant Habit :
• Ceylon Ironwood is planted along roadside for its conical canopy and attractive red-orange young
leaves, which add interest to the landscape .
Other Uses:
• The timber is used for railway croass-ties, heavy construction, boat building, tool handles and mine
props.
• The leaves have been used to treat fever, sore eyes and leprosy .
Other Species:
Mesua stylosa Mesua ferruginea

(Suwanda) (Sembawang tree )
Origin: Sri Lanka.. Origin: Southeast Asia .
TREES - Michelia champaca
Botanical Name : Magnolia champaca (sym)
Common Name : Cempaka
Champak
Yellow champaca
Origin : India
Mature Size - 30 m
Color - Green
Overall Form - Umbelliform
Flower - The flowers are pale yellow to orange
and fairly large. They are also very
fragrant. The flowers have 15 tepals that
curve up towards the tips and many
stamens (pollen producing structures)
TREES - Michelia champaca
Plant Habit :
Full sun, with moderate watering or more during hot sun. Low growth rate

Ornamental tree and ornamental flower. Usually use in thematic and therapeutic garden.
Other Uses:
Use as fragrance, religious ritual, timber and the fine grain wood is used for the construction of buildings,
furniture, toys, and carvings.
Other Species:
* Similar to Magnolia figo

TREES - Murraya koenigii
Botanical Name : Murraya koenigii
Common Name : Curry tree
Curry leaves
Sweet neem leaves
Origin : India & Sri Lanka
Mature Size - 4-6 m
Color - Green
Overall Texture - Moderate
Flower - Small white and fragrant flower
TREES - Murraya koenigii
Plant Habit :
Full sun to part shade, medium water and low maintenance.

House plant and herbs plant or edible plants.
Other Uses:
The leaves of the curry tree are used as an important herb in the medical science of Ayurveda. They are
believed to have anti diabetic properties and are remarkable for patients suffering from the sugar disease
Other Species:
Murraya paniculata
(Orange jasmine)
Origin: South China and India
TREES - Murraya paniculata
Botanical Name : Murraya paniculata
Common Name : Orange jasmine
Mock orange
Kemuning
Origin : South and Southeast Asia, China
& Australia
Mature Size - 2-4 m up to 7 m
Color - Dark green
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - Terminal, corymbose, few-flowered,
dense and fragrant. Petals are 12–18 mm
long, recurved and white (or fading cream)
TREES - Murraya paniculata
Plant Habit :
Likes to be grown in a rich, moist, well drained soil in full sun to part shade. Best sited in locations sheltered
from strong winds.

Ornamental plant and hedges
Other Uses:
The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Murraya paniculata has antidiarrhoeal, antinociceptive and anti-
inflammatory activities. Yuehchukene a dimeric indole alkaloid, can be extracted from the root.
Other Species:
Murraya koenigii
(Curry leaf tree)
Origin: Himalaya
TREES - Pelthophorum pterocarpum
Botanical Name : Pelthophorum pterocarpum.
Common Name : Batai Laut
Angsana
Sena.
Origin : Indochina, Malesia .
Color - Green .
Overall Form - Spreading .
Overall Texture - Fine .
Flower - The brilliant yellow flowers
TREES - Pelthophorum pterocarpum
Plant Habit :
• Attractive and popular wayside tree .
Other Uses:
• The bark is believed to have medicinal properties and is taken internally to cure dysentery and applied
externally to relieve sprains, muscular aches and ulcers.
• Bark contains a yellow-brown dye and used in batik dyeing .
• Wood is sometimes used for fuel .
Other Species:
Peltophorum dubium
(Ibira-pita) Peltophorum dasyrrhachis
Origin: Argentina , Paraguay, (Alight)
Uruguay, and Brazil . Origin: Southeast Asia
(Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,
Peltophorum africanum Malaysia, Thailand,
(African blackwood - African wattle Vietnam )
- Rhodesian wattle )
Origin: Africa .
TREES - Pisonia alba
Botanical Name : Pisonia alba
Common Name : Mengkudu siam
Lettuce tree
Moonlight tree
Origin : Philippines & Sri Lanka
Mature Size - 1-5 m
Color - Yellowish green
Flower - Very small and inconspicuous, white in
colour. Flowers are borne in small globular
clusters. Rarely flowering.
TREES - Pisonia alba
Plant Habit :
Full sun and moderate water.

Ornamental foliage and roadside tree
Other Uses:
The young leaves come in handy as a leafy vegetable. They also have medicinal properties and people cook
and eat the leaves when suffering from rheumatism or arthritis.
Other Species:
Pisonia brunoniana Pisonia umbellifera

(parapara) (birdlime tree)
Origin: New Zealand Origin: Asia & Madagascar
Pisonia grandis Pisonia wagneriana

(grand devil's-claws) (Kauaʻi catchbirdtree)
Origin: India & Pacific Oceans Origin: Hawaiian islands
TREES - Plumeria obtusa
Botanical Name : Plumeria obtusa
Common Name : Kemboja
Frangipani
Graveyard flower
Origin : Bahamas,Belize Guatemala &
Florida
Mature Size -5m
Color - Green
Overall Form - Spreading (Umbrella like)
Flower - White fragrant flower with 5 large waxy
petal
TREES - Plumeria obtusa
Plant Habit :
Prone to rot at waterlogged, poorly drained or compacted soil. Drought tolerance and preferred full sun

Ornamental flower for garden and roadside tree.
Other Uses:
Flower use to make necklace or deities also as lei in Hawaii. As traditional medicine as remedy againts
oedemas.
Other Species:
Plumeria acuminata Plumeria alba

(Hawaii lei flowers) (White frangipani)
Origin: Phillipines Origin: Central America and
the Caribean
Plumeria rubra Plumeria pudica

(red frangipani) (Bridal bouquet)
Origin: Mexico, Central America, Origin: Panama, Columbia &
Colombia and Venezuela Venezuela
TREES - Plumeria rubra
Botanical Name : Plumeria rubra .
Common Name : Red Frangipanni
Kemboja .
Mature Size - small tree, 5-8m in height.
Color - dark glossy green.
Flower - large and attractive, about 5-6cm in
size with 5 petals . They are fragrant
and colourful and occurs in various
shades of red or dark pink
TREES - Plumeria rubra
Plant Habit :
• it is commonly planted in parks, open spaces and traffic islands and its beautiful flowers add a brilliant
splash of colour to surroundings..
Other Uses:
• rubra flowers is used to necklaces as offerings to deities or as decoration for coffins. The leaves of this
species are used in the care of sores and made into soothing infusions Also the flowers and bark of it
are used in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of fever, bacillary dysentery, pertussis and
so on .
Other Species:
Plumeria obtusa
(Singapore graveyard flower)
Origin: West Indies including Plumeria pudica
Bahamas; Mexico, Belize, (Golden Arrow or Gilded
Guatemala, and Florida . Spoon)
Origin: Panama,Colom
Plumeria alba bia and Venezuela .
(caterpillar tree )
Origin: Central America and the
Caribbean .
TREES - Podocarpus macrophyllus
Botanical Name : Podocarpus macrophyllus
Common Name : Yew plum pine
Buddhist pine
Fern pine
Origin : Souther Japan and Eastern China
Mature Size - 20 m
Color - Bluish Green
Overall Form - Conical
Fruit - Ellipsoidal fruits are fleshy, olive-green,
berry-like cones that ripen to purplish
TREES - Podocarpus macrophyllus
Plant Habit :
Full sun to part shade requirement with medium water and low maintenance.

Thematic garden, roadside and bonsai also hedge.
Other Uses:
The ripe cone arils are edible but the seed can not be eaten. The bark are resistance to termite and water
thus its use as quality wooden houses in Japan.
Other Species:
Podocarpus gracilior Podocarpus latifolius

(East African yellowwood) (Real yellowwood)
Origin: Eastern Africa Origin: South Africa
Podocarpus henkelii Podocarpus falcatus

(Long leaf yellowwood) (Common yellowwood)
Origin: South African Origin: South Africa
TREES - Polyalthia longifolia
Botanical Name : Polyalthia longifolia .
Common Name : Ashoka Tree.
Origin : South India, Sri Lanka .
Mature Size - grow over 10 m in height.
Color - Fresh leaves are a coppery brown color
and are soft and delicate to touch, as the
leaves grow older the color becomes a light
green and finally a dark green.
Flower - In spring the tree is covered with delicate star-
like pale green flowers. The flowers last for a short
period, usually two to three weeks, are not
conspicuous due to their color.
TREES - Polyalthia longifolia
Plant Habit :
• The leaves are used for ornamental decoration during festivals. The tree is a main attraction in
gardens throughout India. The tree can be cut into various shapes and maintained in required sizes.
Other Uses:
• the tree is mostly used for manufacturing small articles such as pencils, boxes, matchsticks, etc.
Other Species:
Polyalthia fragrans Polyalthia nitidissima

(Gowrimara) ( Canary Beech, Shiny Leaf
Origin: India. Tree)
Origin: Australia.
Polyalthia coffeoides
Polyalthia cerasoides
(Coffee Ashok , Malayalam )
( Cherry Ashok )
Origin: Asia .
Origin: Asia .
TREES - Pometia pinnata
Botanical Name : Pometia pinnata .
Common Name : Kasai Daun Besar.
Origin : India, Indochina, Malaysia.
Mature Size - up to 40m in height .
Color - green.
Flower - Its minute cream-white hairy
flowers grown on branched catkin-
like clusters hanging from the leaf
axils.
TREES - Pometia pinnata
Plant Habit :
• Street planting, Avenue Planting ,Commercial Garden planting.
Other Uses:
• A medium-weight timber generally used for interior construction, flooring, joinery, furniture and
cabinetwork.
• It is also used for veneers and producing charcoal.
TREES - Samanae saman
Botanical Name : Albizia saman (sym)
Common Name : Rain tree
Hujan Hujan
Pokok pukul 5
Origin : Latin America
Mature Size - 25 m
Color - Green
Overall Form - Spreading (Umbrella)
Flower - Inflorescence one or two together on
peduncles; flowers in heads on short
pedicels. Calyx, greenish. Corolla yellow or
red, stamens silky, pale crimson color.
TREES - Samanae saman
Plant Habit :
Prefers a position in full sun. A fairly easy tree to grow, tolerant of a range of conditions, it grows on light or
heavy soils and tolerates infertile or waterlogged conditions. Normally found on neutral to moderately acid
soils. Established plants are very drought tolerant
Big open space or garden. The tree is grown to provide shade for other crops, including cocoa, coffee, tea
and peppers. The dome-shaped, low crown provides a very strong shade even at low sun positions. The
leaves fold up during rain, allowing more moisture to reach the crops below
Other Uses:
A decoction of the inner bark and fresh leaves is used as a treatment for diarrhoea.
Other Species:
Albizia julibrissin Albizia amara

(Persian silk tree) (Amara powder)
Origin: Southwestern and Eastern Origin: Africa
Asia
Albizia chinensis Albizia falcataria

(silk tree) (Mollucan albizia)
Origin: South & Southeast Asia Origin: Indonesia
TREES - Saraca cauliflora
Botanical Name : Saraca thaipingensis (sym)
Common Name : Gapis daun besar
Yellow saraca
Yellow Ashok
Origin : Indo-china, Java & Malaysia
Mature Size -7m
Color - Yellowish to green
Flower - Faintly fragrant, in dense bunches that
arise from the trunk and main branches
in deep yellow colour.. Most of the
flowers in a cluster.
TREES - Saraca cauliflora
Plant Habit :
Partial sun and moderate water

Open park
Other Uses:
The root use to make ‘Parang’ handle
Other Species:
Saraca declinata Saraca indica

(Red saraca) (Ashoka tree)
Origin: Thailand & Burma Origin: India
Saraca dives Saraca multiflora

() (Gapis)
Origin: China, Laos & Vietnam Origin: Asia
TREES - Schizolobium parahyba
Botanical Name : Schizolobium parahyba
Common Name : Tower plant
Brazilian fire tree
Brazilian fern tree
Origin : Brazil (Paraiba river)
Mature Size - 30 m
Color - Green
Overall Form - Small spreading (tower shape)
Flower - The numerous bright yellow nectar-
producing flowers
TREES - Schizolobium parahyba
Plant Habit :
Full sun, moderate water and fast growing.

Entrance of garden or hotel, ornamental plant and ornamental foliage. Coastal area.
Other Uses:
Formerly used for dugout canoes, it is now used for toys, boxes, shoe heels, the inner layers of laminated
wood, and paper.
Other Species:
Caesalpinia pulcherrima Caesalpinia ferrea

(peacock flower) (Brazilian ironwood)
Origin: America & West indies Origin: Brazil
Caesalpinia kavaiensis Cassia leptophylla

(pea tree) (Gold medallion tree)
Origin: Hawaii Origin: Brazil
TREES - Streblus asper
Botanical Name : Streblus asper
Common Name : Siamese rough bush
Sandpaper tree
Kesinai
Origin : Southern Asia
Color - Green
Overall Form - Umbrella-shape crown
Flower - Dioecious; male in shortly peduncle
globose heads; female axillary, solitary or
fascicled.
TREES - Streblus asper
Plant Habit :
Tropical weather, full sun, dry and moderate water required.

Natural arc tree for entrance or walkway and for screening purpose. Use for bonsai.
Other Uses:
Leaf use as sandpaper, fibre use to make paper and latex obtained by tree have medicinal value.
Other Species:
Streblus elongated Streblus brunonianus

(Tempinis/Kepinis) (Whalebone tree)
Origin: Malaysia and Sumatra Origin: Eastern Australia
Streblus taxoides
Streblus banksii
(Kadala)
(Large-leaved milk tree)
Origin: Burma, India
Origin: New Zealand
& Indochina
TREES - Streblus elongatus
Botanical Name : Artocarpus elongatus (sym)
Common Name : Tempinis
Tampine tree
Kepinis
Origin : Sumatra
Mature Size - 35 m
Color - Dark green
Overall Form - Rounded
Flower - long flower clusters which develop at the
leaf axils. The male flowers are numerous,
` small, and appeared whitish. The female
flowers are larger, and each look like a
green-ball borne on the flower cluster,
with two arms sticking out of it.
TREES - Streblus elongatus
Plant Habit :
Full sun or semi-shade with moderate water and moderate growth.

It may be suitable for parks and roadsides. The tree has an attractive round crown that provides shade.
Other Uses:
Timber & Products (The plant is harvested for its timber, which is heavy, strong, and durable).
Cultural / Religious (The eastern housing estate in Singapore, Tampines, is named after this tree, probably
due to the abundance of it at that area in the past.
Other Species:
Streblus pendulinus Streblus ilicifolius

(Hawaii’n roughbush) (Merlimau)
Origin: Eastern Australia Origin: Indochina & Malaysia
Streblus brunonianus
(Whalebone tree)
Origin:
TREES - Swietenia macrophylla
Botanical Name : Swietenia macrophylla
Common Name : Mahogany

Honduran mahogany
Honduras mahogany
Origin : Singapore and Hawaii.
Mature Size - 20–45m
Color - dark green
Overall Form - irregular
Flower - each flower small, with five white to
greenish-yellowish petals.
TREES - Swietenia macrophylla
Plant Habit :
Found in all forest types, from the edge of the pine savannah to the climax rainforest, but mostly in mixed hard
forest belts, along riverbanks, on deep alluvial soils of considerable fertility

It has been used in reforestation projects and has proved to be suitable in areas not protected from grazing.
It is used as a shade tree, for example, for cacao, coffee and young plantations of dipterocarps
Other Uses:
Various medicinal uses of parts of the tree are reported from Central America
Other Species:
Swietenia humilis Swietenia mahagoni

(venadillo) (West Indian mahogany)
Origin: Mexico Origin: southern Florida
Swietenia macrophylla
(Honduran mahogany)
Origin: South America
TREES - Syzygium myrtifolium
Botanical Name : Eugenia oleina / Syzygium
companulatum (sym)
Common Name : Pokok Kelat Paya,
Origin : Malaysia and Thailand
Mature Size - 3-5 m
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - White flowers,lightly scented
TREES - Syzygium myrtifolium
Plant Habit :
It grows in Full to partial sun, well-drain soil, Moderate watering, air-layering.

General, Roadside Tree, Coastal, Hedge/Screening, Topiary, Riverine, Container Planting, Bonsai
Other Uses:
Thematic Landscape;Formal Garden, Naturalistic Garden
Formal Garden; Naturalistic Garden
Other Species:
Syzygium cumini Syzygium paniculatum

( jambolan) ( magenta cherry)
Origin: Southeast Asia Origin: New South Wales
Syzygium smithii Syzygium jambos

(lilly pilly) ( chom pu)
Origin: Australia Origin: India
TREES - Syzygium zeylanicum
Botanical Name : Eugenia spicata, Eugenia zeylanica (sym)
Common Name : Kelat Nasi Nasi
Kelat Nenasi
Gelam Paya
Origin : Singapore
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - oval
Flower - Cream / Off-White, White, Yellow / Golden.
Axillary, Terminal, Radial. Polycarpic.
TREES - Syzygium zeylanicum
Plant Habit :
It grows in lowland to montane forests, which includes secondary forests, and also in swamps, and by rivers, an
seashores. In Singapore, it can be found in Central Catchment Nature Reserve.

It is suitable for planting along streetscapes, parks and gardens, Moonlight Garden, Naturalistic Garden
Other Uses:
Ornamental Flowers, Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Fruits, Ornamental Trunk, Fragrant (Flowers: Day, Time
Independent; Fruits)
Edible Plant Parts (Edible Fruits)
Other Species:
Eugenia uniflora Eugenia brasiliensis

( Pitanga) ( Brazil cherry)
Origin: South America Origin: Brazil
Eugenia koolauensis Eugenia candolleana

( Nioi) ( Rainforest Plum )
Origin: islands of Molokaʻi Origin: Brazil
TREES - Tabebuia pallida
Botanical Name : Tabebuia pallida .

Common Name : Cuban Pink Trumpet Tree, Tecoma.
Origin : Mexico, Central America, South America.
Color - Green .
Overall Form - Conical .
Flower - Bisexual, large, showy and trumpet
shaped, about 5-8cm in size. There are few
cultivars producing flowers of different
colors - from white to pink and mauve .
TREES - Tabebuia pallida
Plant Habit :
• This tree is commonly planted along roadsides and in parks and gardens for its impressive flowering
display and also to provide shade and greenery.
Other Uses:
• It is promoted as a treatment for a number of human ailments, including cancer.
• Their wood is of medium weight and is exceptionally durable in contact with salt water
Other Species:
Tabebuia rosea Tabebuia roseo-alba

(pink poui - rosy trumpet tree) ( lapacho blanco)
Origin: El Salvador . Origin: Brazil, Argentina.
Tabebuia ochracea Tabebuia aurea

(ochracea ) (Caribbean trumpet tree)
Origin: South America, Brazil . Origin: South America ,
Brazil, Bolivia, Peru,
Paraguay, and Argentina.
TREES - Terminalia mantaly
Botanical Name : Terminalia mantaly
Common Name : Madagascar almond tree
French mantaly
Origin : Madagascar
Color - Green
Overall Form - Layered tree
Overall Texture - Fine/ Soft
Flower - Fine needle like flower inflorescene
TREES - Terminalia mantaly
Plant Habit :
Full sun with moderate water, can stand drought when fully establish.

General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Riverine, Shade Providing Tree / Palm, Container Planting
Other Uses:
Tannin or dyestuff: In its native habitat, the bark and wood are used for dyeing.
Medicine: The bark and wood are used in Madagascar for treating dysentery.
Other Species:
Terminalia acuminata Terminalia cattapa

(Brazil Almond) (Leadwood tree)
Origin: Brazil Origin: Asia, Africa & Australia
Bucida buceras Terminalia chebula

(Black olive tree) (Black myrobalan)
Origin: Mexico, Central America Origin: South Asia, Nepal &
Carribean & South America India
TREES - Xanthostemon chrysanthus
Botanical Name : Xanthostemon chrysanthus .
Common Name : Golden Penda.
Mature Size - Up to 12-20 m .
Color - dark glossy green.
Flower - The prominent and attractive flowers
are bright yellow and arranged in large,
dense, rounded, fluffy heads .
TREES - Xanthostemon chrysanthus
Plant Habit :
• Beautiful bright yellow flowers are a striking contrast against its dark green leaves, making it an
excellent ornamental and garden tree .
• Can planted along roadside, housing estates to add splash off colour .
Other Uses:
• Brilliant flowers are attractive to butterflies, bee and nectar-feeding birds.
• The tree yields a durable hardwood timber can be used for furniture and woodwork.
Other Species:
Xanthostemon verdugonianus Xanthostemon paradoxus

(Magkono) ( bridal tree or northern
Origin: Philippines . penda)
Origin: Australia.
Xanthostemon youngii
Xanthostemon verticillatus
(crimson penda or red penda )
(pronounced zanthos-temon)
Origin: North Queensland .
Origin: Australia.
SHRUBS - Acalypha siamensis
Botanical Name : Acalypha siamensis
Common Name : Tumpat
Teh Kampong
Teh pagar
Origin : East Indies & the Pacific
Mature Size : 2.5 m
Color : Green
Overall Form : Shrub, erect with many branches
Flower : Green color inflorescemce; Female flowers at
the base of the spikes, subtended by large
bracts with toothed margins; male flowers
subtended by minute bracts toward the end of
the spike.
SHRUBS - Acalypha siamensis
Plant Habit :
Full sun, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Hedge, ornamental foliage
Other Uses :
Leaves is used as a tea and as medicine in the local.
Other Species :
Acalypha australis (Asian copperleaf)

Origin: Asia
Acalypha rhomboidea (Rhomboid

mercury, Copperleaf)
Origin: Eastern Canada and the eastern of
United States
SHRUBS - Agave americana
Botanical Name : Agave americana
Common Name : Agave
Agave cactus
American aloe
Century Plant
Origin : Northern and central Mexico and some parts of
southern USA
Mature Size : 1-2 m tall, 2-4 m across
Color : Greyish green
Overall Form : Rosette
Flower : Small but tall Inflorescence, in yellow or
greenish-yellow in colour
SHRUBS - Agave americana
Plant Habit :
Full sun, dry to medium
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental plant, hedge
Other Uses :
The flower stem is used to produce a drink call pulque and the leaves as fibers for rope, matting or coarse
clothes and threads. Agave nectar is sold as natural form of sugar.
Other Species :
Agave augustifolia ‘Marginata’ Agave attenuasta (Lion’s

(Caribbean agave) tail, Swan’s neck)
Origin: Mexico Origin: Mexico
Furcraea foetida ‘Mediopicta’ Agave tequilana (Agave

(Striped False Agave) tequila, Blue agave)
Origin: Mexico Origin: Mexico
SHRUBS - Alphelandra squarosa
Botanical Name : Alphelandra squarosa
Common Name : Zebra Plant
Origin : Brazil
Mature Size : 1-2m tall, 1-2m wide
Color : Dark green with prominent white lines
Overall Form : Oval
Flower : Bright yellow inflorescence grown
from the yellow bracts (yellow spikes)
SHRUBS - Alphelandra squarosa
Plant Habit :
Semi-shade to full shade, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental foliage and flower, indoor plant
Other Species and variety:
Aphelandra hartwegiana Aphelandra aurantiaca

(Yellow Aphelandra) (Fiery Spike)
Origin: Panama and Colombia Origin: Central and South
America
Aphelandra scabra Aphelandra squarrosa ‘Snow

(Aphelandra) White’
Origin: Southern Mexico to (Snow White Zebra Plant)
Northern South America Origin: Brazil
SHRUBS - Artabotrys hexapetalus
Botanical Name : Artabotrys hexapetalus
Common Name : Manoranjini

ylang ylang vine
climbing lang-lang.
Origin : India
Mature Size - 2,4- 3 m
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - The flowers are greenish in the
beginning and turn yellow and very
fragrant .
SHRUBS - Artabotrys hexapetalus
Plant Habit :
Dry low country, in forests, rather common, forming often dense masses of matted woody stems overhead in S
Lanka

The plant can be used to provide a screen
Other Uses:
The flowers are used to scent tea[
The fruit is used to treat scrofula[
The flowers yield an essential oil that is used in perfumery
Other Species:
Artabotrys hexapetalus Artabotrys siamensis

(manoranjini) (Ylang ylang)
Origin: India Origin: India
SHRUBS - Baphia nitida
Botanical Name : Baphia nitida
Common Name : Camwood
barwood
dyewood
Origin : Tropical Africa
Mature Size : 2.5 -10 m tall
Color : Dark green
Overall Form : Shrub - oval
Flower : Flower are white,pea-like and fragrant, with a
bright yellow centre.
SHRUBS - Baphia nitida
Plant Habit :
Full sun, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Hedge or screening, fragrance
Other Uses :
Use as building materials, dye, folk medicine and as a cosmetic in the local
community; Wood are use as timber and products like red and reddish brown
dye and making walking sticks.
Other Species :
Baphia racemosa (Violet pea)

Origin: South Africa
SHRUBS - Calathea lutea
Botanical Name : Calathea lutea
Common Name : Cigar Calathea
Cuban Cigar
Mexican Cigar Plant
Habana Cigar
Origin : Tropical America region
Mature Size : 1.8m to 3m tall
Color : Whitish - green
Overall Form : Oval, clump
Flower : Tiny yellow flowers, emerged between reddish
brown bracts of 30cm tall stem, that looks like an
erect cigar-shaped or candelabrum display
SHRUBS - Calathea lutea
Plant Habit :
Partial shade, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental, informal hedge, screening and masking walls
Other Uses :
Wax is extracted from the leaves. Its leaves are used for thatching, wrapped
items and made into waterproof baskets.
Other Species :
Calathea loeseneri Calathea crotalifera

(Brazilian Calathea) (Rattlesnake plant)
Origin: Central and South Origin: Mexico to Ecuador
America, the Caribbean
region
Calathea ‘Silver Plate’ Calathea undulata

(Silver Plate Calathea) Origin: Peru, Brazil
SHRUBS - Calathea makoyana
Botanical Name : Calathea makoyana
Common Name : Peacock plant
Catheral windows
Origin : Eastern Brazil
Mature Size : 45 cm tall
Color : White and dark green
Overall Form : Oval and bushy
Flower : Purple and white insignificant
SHRUBS - Calathea makoyana
Plant Habit :
Part shade to full shade, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Specimen; container or above-ground planter; border; ground cover; accent;
suitable for growing indoors
Other Uses :
Other Species :
Calathea musaica Calathea concina

Origin: Brazil (Concinna Calathea)
Origin: Brazil
Calathea ornate
Calathea insigins
(Ornate Calathea)
(Rattlesnake plant)
Origin: Guyana, Colombia,
Origin: Brazil
Ecuador
SHRUBS - Cananga fruticosa
Botanical Name : Cananga fruticosa
Common Name : Dwarf Ylang-ylang Tree
Mature Size : 2m tall
Color : Green
Overall Form : Bushy irregular
Flower : Drooping, long-stalked, greenish-yellow
(rarely pink) petals, fragant(more profuse than
Cananga odorata)
SHRUBS - Cananga fruticosa
Plant Habit :
Full-sun, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Fragrant plant, ornamental plant
Other Uses :
Essential oil extracted from flower and used in aromatherapy, perfumery
(especially in Chanel No.5).
Other Species :
Cananga odorata
(Ylang-ylang Tree)
Origin: South East Asia
SHRUBS - Cheilocostus speciosus
Botanical Name : Costus speciosus (sym)
Common Name : Crepe Ginger
Mature Size : 1 to 2 m
Color : Dark green
Overall Form : Spiral to irregular-shaped shrub
Flower : White crinkled flowers, blooming on the
dark red cone-shaped bract
SHRUBS - Cheilocostus speciosus
Plant Habit :
Full sun, semi-shade, much to moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental flower and foliage/ Roadside Tree Hedge / Screening, Flowerbed /
Border
Other Uses :
Stem and fruit are edible; Medicinal uses such as poultice to relief coughs, fever
and leprosy in Malaysia, to treat colds, pneumonia, and rheumatism in India
Other Species :
Costus barbatus (Red Tower Costus spiralis (Cane of Virgin)

Ginger) Origin:South America
Origin: Costa Rica
Costus chartaceus (Christmas

Costus spicatus (Indian Head
costus)
Ginger)
Origin: Colombia & Ecuador
Origin: West Indies
SHRUBS - Cordyline fruticosa
Botanical Name : Cordyline fruticosa
Common Name : Cabbage Palm
Good Luck Palm
Hawaiian Ti
Origin : East Asia, Indo-China to Australia and the
Pacific Islands.
Mature Size : 1- 2m tall
Color : Bright green
Overall Form : Erected rosette
Flower : Showy, fragrant, whitish- purple
inflorescences
SHRUBS - Cordyline fruticosa
Plant Habit :
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental leaves
Other Uses :
Widely used in Hawaii. Leaves: as skirt in Hawaii traditional dance. Roots : as
glossy covering on surfboards. Rhizomes: fermented and distilled to make
okolehao, a liquor.
Other cultivars :
Cordyline fruticosa ‘Firebrand’ Cordyline fruticosa ‘White’

(Tree of King)
Cordyline fruticosa Cordyline fruticosa ‘Kiwi’

‘Inscripta’ (Kiwi Ti)
Origin: New Zealand
SHRUBS - Cordyline fruticosa ‘Tricolor’
Botanical Name : Cordyline fruticosa ‘Tricolor’
Common Name : Hawaiian Ti Plant
Tricolor Ti Plant
Origin : East Asia, Indo-China to Australia and the
Pacific Islands.
Mature Size : 1- 2m tall
Color : Green with some pink and white
Overall Form : Erected rosette
Flower : Showy, fragrant, cream-colored
inflorescences
SHRUBS - Cordyline fruticosa ‘Tricolor’
Plant Habit :
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental leaves
Other Uses :
Widely used in Hawaii. Leaves: as skirt in Hawaii traditional dance. Roots : as
glossy covering on surfboards. Rhizomes: fermented and distilled to make
okolehao, a liquor.
Other cultivars :
Same as Cordyline fruticosa

SHRUBS - Crinum asiaticum
Botanical Name : Crinum asiaticum
Common Name : Bakung
Poison Bulb
Bawang Hutan
Origin : Mascarenes to subtropical and tropical Asia
(including Singapore) to the southwest Pacific
Mature Size : 0.5 and 1.0 m
Color :Light green
Overall Form : Rosette
Flower : White , fragrant flowers grow in clusters
SHRUBS - Crinum asiaticum
Plant Habit :
Full sun to part shade, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental flower and foliage, fragant flower at night.
Other Uses :
Have very high medicinal value. Its leaves is used to treat wound and abscesses.
Juice of the fresh bulb is used as an emetic. Root for aiding childbirth and
postpartum harmorrhage.
Other Species :
Crinum bulbispermum Crinum xanthophyllum

(Crinum) (Golden Leaf Crinum)
Origin: South Africa Origin: Malenesia
Crinum amabile Crinum moorei

(Giant Spider Lily) (Moore’s Crinum)
Origin: Sumatra Origin: Southern Africa
SHRUBS - Cyperus alterifolis
Botanical Name : Cyperus alterifolis
Common Name : Umbrella papyrus
Umbrella sedge
Umbrella palm
Origin : Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion
Island
Mature Size :1 to 2 m
Color :Green
Overall Form : Umbrella herbaceous
Flower : Small, greenish white flower grow in clusters
SHRUBS - Cyperus alterifolis
Plant Habit : Semi- shade, lots of water
Use in Landscape : Commonly use water garden for it’s ornamental foliage.
Used as ornamental indoor plant
Other Species :
Cyperus haspan Cyperus rotundus

(Dwarf papyrus sedge) (Coco-grass, Purple nut
Origin: Africa, Asia to sedge)
Australia. Origin: Africa, central Europe
and Asia
Cyperus papyrus Cyperus squarrosus

(Papyrus sedge, Paper reed) (Bearded flatsedge)
Origin: Africa Origin: Africa, Australia and
Asia
SHRUBS - Dieffenbachia seguine
Botanical Name : Dieffenbachia seguine.
Common Name : dumbcane.
Origin : West Indies, south to Brazil and Bolivia
Mature Size - up to 1 m tall.
Color - green, and often with variegated white
patterns.
Overall Form - Irregular.
Flower - It has showy white flowers.
SHRUBS - Dieffenbachia seguine
Plant Habit :
Prefers cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate shade gardens and as a potted house plant
and Moderate Water .
• used office and Home garden.
Other Uses:
• cultivated as an ornamental plant
Other Species:
Dieffenbachia amoena
( dumbcane )
Origin: west Indies . Dieffenbachia wendlandii
Origin: southern Mexico
(Querétaro, Veracruz,
Dieffenbachia costata Oaxaca, Chiapas) south to
Origin: Colombia, Ecuador, Panama
Peru
SHRUBS - Dracaena augustifolia
Botanical Name : Dracaena augustifolia
Common Name : Narrow - Leaf Draceana
Suji
Origin : Southeast Asia, Australia(Queensland)
Mature Size : 1m
Color : Dark green
Overall Form : Slight drooping
Flower : Insignificant green inflorescence
SHRUBS - Dracaena augustifolia
Plant Habit :
Semi-shade, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental foliage, interiorscape/ indoor plant
Other Uses :
Young leaves can be cooked and eaten as a side dish with rice. The leaves is
used for colouring an Indian pastry made of glutinous rice
Other Species :
Similar with Dracaena draco
Dracaena braunii
(Lucky Bamboo)
Origin: Africa
SHRUBS - Dracaena fragrans
Botanical Name : Dracaena fragrans
Common Name : Constalk dracaena
Dragon plant
Origin : Tropical Africa
Mature Size :
Color : Green to dark green
Overall Form : Erect narrow crown and droopy leaves
Flower : Inflorescense are white with a fine red or
purple central line on each of the lobes and
are highly fragrant
SHRUBS - Dracaena fragrans
Plant Habit :
Full sun to semi shade, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental foliage, use as hedge and as indoor plant
Other cultivars :
Dracaena fragrans Dracaena fragrans ‘Lindenii’

‘Massangeana’ (Lindenii Corn Plant)
(Mass Cane)
Origin: Africa
Dracaena fragrans ‘Kanzi’’

Dracaena fragrans ‘Victoriae’
(Corn Plant)
(Victoria Corn Plant)
Origin: Africa
SHRUBS : Dracaena surculosa
Botanical Name : Dracaena surculosa
Common Name : Golddust Dracaena
Origin : Africa (West tropical Africa)
Color - dark green
Overall Form - oval
Overall Texture - fine
Flower - 7–8 cm long; sweetly scented;
followed by small roundish berries in a brilliant reddish
orange
SHRUBS : Dracaena surculosa
Plant Habit :
can be grown in a bottle garden; need bright light; the temperature should be
moderate; water Dracaena surculosa moderately to keep the potting mixture moist.

ornamental plants.
Other Uses:
Dracaena surculosa is an ideal houseplant for cooler areas where will be thrive in
warm spot free from droughts. In warmer areas grow outdoors in a sheltered spot.
Other Species:
Dracaena Marginata
Dracaena Braunii
(Dragon Tree)
(Lucky Bamboo)
Origin: Madagascar
Origin: Africa
Dracaena Fragrans
(Corn or cornstalk plant)
Origin: Africa
SHRUBS : Duranta repens
Botanical Name : Duranta repens
Common Name : Golden Dewdrop, Sky-Flower,
Pigeonberry
Origin : Mexico to South America and the

Caribbean.
Mature Size - 4-8 m
Color - dark green
Overall Form - oval
Overall Texture - Meduim
Flower - pale blue , pleasant
fragrance; spring, summer and fall
flowering
SHRUBS : Duranta repens
Plant Habit :
plant grows in part shade/part sun, high Drought tolerance , poor
Soil salt tolerances.
Ornamental plants.
Other Uses:
border; mass planting; specimen; container or aboveground planter; naturalizing;
screen; reclamation plant; espalier; foundation; attracts butterflies; cascading down a
wall
Other Species:
Duranta erecta
(Brazilian skyflower)
Origin: Mexico, Central America
Duranta vestita
SHRUBS - Eichhornia crassipes
Botanical Name : Eichhornia crassipes
Common Name : Water hyacinth
Origin : South America
Mature Size - up 0,5m
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - Stolonizing
Flower - Mostly lavender to pink in colour with
six petals
SHRUBS - Eichhornia crassipes
Plant Habit :
The plants also create a prime habitat for mosquitos, the classic vectors of disease
Other Uses:
-used as a braiding material and a source of fibers.
-used for making bags, footwear, wreaths, hats, vases, Christmas lanterns, and more decorative materials.
-are used as a raw material for paper
Other Species:
Eichhornia azurea
(anchored water hyacinth)
Origin: America
SHRUBS - Ervatamia coronaria
Botanical Name : Tabernaemontana divaricata (sym)
Common Name : Pinwheelflower
crape jasmine
East India rosebay
Origin : India
Mature Size - 1.5–1.8 m
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - oval
Flower - have the characteristic 'pinwheel'
shape; appear sporadically all year;
being white.
SHRUBS - Ervatamia coronaria
Plant Habit :
It grows in lowland to montane forests, which includes secondary forests.

it is grown as a house/glasshouse plant for its attractive flowers and foliage
Other Uses:
They are used in Ayurvedic medicine and the tradional medicine of South East Asia, the Malay Peninsula,
Indonesia, and Ambon Island.
Other Species:
Tabernaemontana alba Tabernaemontana attenduata

(white milkwood) Origin: Venezuela
Origin: Central America
Tabernaemontana africana Tabernaemontana alternifolia

Origin: tropical Africa Origin: Cameroon to Angola
SHRUBS - Euphorbia tirucalli
Botanical Name : Euphorbia tirucalli
Common Name : pencil tree
pencil cactus
milk bush.
Origin : Southern Africa
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - oval
Flower - yellow, inconspicuous, and carried in
clusters at the apex of the short
branches
SHRUBS - Euphorbia tirucalli
Plant Habit :
grows in semi-arid tropical climates.It has a wide distribution in Africa

In tropical and subtropical climates, Euphorbia tirucalli is used as a specimen or background plant and in
mixed hedges.
Other Uses:
Use as planted hedges around smallholdings, habitations and livestock pens. In this way mosquitoes and
other intruders can be kept out.
Have medicinal value
Other Species:
Euphorbia milii Euphorbia esula

(Christ thorn) (green spurge)
Origin: Madagascar Origin: central&southern Europe
Euphorbia characias Euphorbia amygdaloides

(Mediterranean spurge) (wood spurge)
Origin: Mediterranean Basin Origin: Europe, Turkey
SHRUBS - Excoecaria cochinchinensis
Botanical Name : Excoecaria cochinchinensis.
Common Name : Chinese croton
Blindness tree
Buta Buta
Jungle Fire plant
Origin : Southeast Asia and China.
Mature Size - up to 1–2 m.
Color - Red green .
Flower - Flower Colour : Green
Flower Location :Axillary
SHRUBS - Excoecaria cochinchinensis
Plant Habit :
Prefers full sun and Moderate Water .
• General, Roadside Tree / Palm, Parks & Gardens, Hedge / Screening,
Groundcover, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting.
Other Uses:
• it has been used in herbal medicine to treat gastric ulcers.
• Though the plant is considered poisonous, it has beneficial uses as an
antiparasitic, antipruritic, and haemostatic treatment.
Other Species:
Excoecaria dallachyana
Excoecaria agallocha
( Scrub Poison
(Milky Mangrove)
Tree or Brush Poison
Origin: E. Asia - southern
Tree )
China, Indian subcontinent,
Origin: the Clarence
Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam,
River, New South Wales
Malaysia, Indonesia,
to Townsville,
Philippines, New Guinea,
Queensland. .
Australia, Pacific Islands
SHRUBS - Furcraea foetida
Botanical Name : Furcraea foetida.
Common Name : Giant Cabuya
Green-aloe
Mauritius-hemp.
Origin : Caribbean and Northern South America .
Mature Size - up to 1 m tall.
Color - yellow green .
Overall Form - rosette .
Flower - greenish to creamy white, 4 cm long, and
strongly scented , they are produced on a large
inflorescence up to 7.5 m tall.
SHRUBS - Furcraea foetida
Plant Habit :
Prefers full sun and Moderate Water .
• used Parks and Home garden.
Other Uses:
• The plant is cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions for products and as
an ornamental plant for gardens. Its leaves are used to produce a natural
fiber similar to sisal.
Other Species:
Furcraea hexapetala
Furcraea andina
( Cuban Hemp)
(Fique)
Origin: America - Venezuela,
Origin: Colombia, Ecuador, and
Ecuador, Galapagos,
Peru
Caribbean and Mexico.
Furcraea selloa Furcraea cabuya

(Maguey ) ( Cabuya )
Origin: Northern S. America - Origin: Northern S. America -
Colombia and Ecuador. Venezuela, north through
Central America to Mexico .
SHRUBS :Grammatophyllum speciosum
Botanical Name : Grammatophyllum speciosum
Common Name : Tiger orchid, giant orchid,
Origin : Java, Malaya & Vietnam.
Mature Size - 2.5 m - 7.62 m
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - yellow or dark red spots, can bear
up to 80 ,lowest flowers have no lip.
SHRUBS :Grammatophyllum speciosum
Plant Habit :
Required moderate water and full sun

Ornamental shrubs
Residential Planting, terrestrials Garden planting,
Other Uses:
Tea is rich in nitrogen and potassium, which are useful ingredients for plant growth and flowering.
the flowers are used to move qi and relieve cough.
In traditional Malay medicine, cultural use and as deodorant
Other Species:
Grammatophyllum elegans Grammatophyllum scriptum

Origin: Philipine Origin: Philipine
Grammatophyllum stapeliaeflorum
(Die Fledermaus)
Origin: Philipine
SHRUBS - Gynura procumbens
Botanical Name : Gynura procumbens
Common Name : Longevity spinach
Origin : Southeast Asia, Africa
Mature Size - 0,3- 01 m
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - Flowering heads are panicled, narrow,
yellow, and 1 to 1.5 centimeters long,
Orange flowers are similar in size.
SHRUBS - Gynura procumbens
Plant Habit :
By streams in forests, sandy slopes, climbing on shrubs or trees.
Other Uses:
The edible leaves are sometimes harvested from the wild for local consumption, The plant also has local
medicinal uses and is grown to control insect pests of rice plants. An ornamental plant, especially when in
flower, it is often cultivated in the tropics and grown as a house plant in the temperate zone
Other Species:
Gynura bicolor Crassocephalum crepidioides

(okinawan spinach ) (ebolo )
Origin: China Origin: Tropical Africa
Gynura aurantiaca Gynura nepalensis

(purple passion ) Origin: China
SHRUBS - Hymenocallis speciosa
Botanical Name : Hymenocallis speciosa.
Common Name : green-tinge spiderlily.
Origin : the Windward Islands in the eastern
Caribbean.
Mature Size - a height of up to 50 cm .
Flower - white with a slight greenish tinge
SHRUBS - Hymenocallis speciosa
Plant Habit :
Prefers Full Sun to Partial Shade and Moderate Water .
• used Parks and Home garden.
Other Uses:
• The leaves are stripped and used to stimulate hair growth .
Other Species:
Hymenocallis rotata
Hymenocallis littoralis
( streambank spiderlily)
(beach spider lily )
Origin: the north-central
Origin: warmer coastal regions of
portions of the US state of
Latin America .
Florida.
Hymenocallis latifolia Hymenocallis occidentalis

(mangrove spider-lily or perfumed ( hammock spider-lily or
spider-lily ) northern spider-lily.)
Origin: the coasts of Florida, Origin: the southern United
Mexico, and the West Indies States.
SHRUBS - Loropetalum chinensis
Botanical Name : Loropetalum chinensis var Rubrum
Common Name : Chinese fringe flower
Fire dance
Origin : Japan & Southeast Asia
Mature Size -2m
Color - Deep reddish-purple
Flower - Flowers are in clusters at the end of short
branches, with thin, strap-like petals
SHRUBS - Loropetalum chinensis
Plant Habit :
Full sun to part shade with medium water requirement and low maintenance.

Hedge or border in garden or roadside and ornamental foliage and topiary plant
Other Uses:
None
Other Species:
Hamamelis virginiana Hamamelis mollis

(Witch hazel) (Chinese witch hazel)
Origin: Eastern north America Origin: Eastern China
Hamamelis vernalis Hamamelis japonica

(Ozark Witchhazel) (Japanese witch hazel)
Origin: Ozark Plateu Origin: Japan
SHRUBS - Magnolia figo
Botanical Name : Magnolio figo
Common Name : Cempaka telur
Banana shrub
Port wine magnolia
Origin : China
Mature Size - 1-4 m
Color - Dark Dusty green
Flower - Fragrant flowers, which are cream-white,
purple rounded, or light-purple, and
strongly scented.
SHRUBS - Magnolia figo
Plant Habit :
Full sun to part shade with medium water take with low maintenance.

Evergreen hedge, ornamental plant and fragrant theme garden.
Other Uses:
Tea
Other Species:
Michelia/Magnolia Alba Michelia doltsopa

(White champaca) (Sweet michelia)
Origin: East Asia Origin: Eastern Himalaya
Magnolia champaca Michelia Gracipes

(Cempaka) (Magnolia yunan)
Origin: Indomalaya Origin: Yunan
SHRUBS : Mussaenda philippica
Botanical Name : Mussaenda philippica
Common Name : Bangkok Rose
Origin : Philippine
Mature Size - 3–5m
Color - Dark green and glossy
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - White, cream or orange
SHRUBS : Mussaenda philippica
Plant Habit :
Required moderate water and full sun and low Maintenance

ornamental plants and It is used for ground cover
Other Uses:
Medicinal used for jaundice
Other Species:
Mussaenda erythrophylla Mussaenda Frondosa

(Ashanti blood) (Mus wenna)
Origin: Philippine Origin: E. Asia
SHRUBS - Neomarica longifolia
Botanical Name : Neomarica longifolia
Common Name : Walking iris
apostle's iris
apostle plant.
Mature Size - 0,9- 1,2m
Color - Yellowish-green
Flower - ,Yellow, emerge from what appears to be just
another leaf, but is really a flower stalk structured
to look like the other leaves; they are 5–10 cm
diameter
SHRUBS - Neomarica longifolia
Plant Habit :
Low-nutrient, well-drained soils and forest debris in humid areas.

Parks & Gardens, Flowerbed / Border.
Other Uses:
Some Neomarica species such as N. northiana, N. longifolia, and N. caerulea are common ornamental
plants that are easily cultivated both in gardens in subtropical and tropical regions, and as houseplantsin
temperate areas.
Other Species:
Neomarica northiana
Neomarica Gracilis
(North's false flag )
(apostle plant )
Origin: Brazil
Origin: Mexico
Neomarica caerulea
(apostle plant )
Origin: Mexico
SHRUBS - Pandanus pygmaeus
Botanical Name : Pandanus pygmaeus .
Common Name : Pandan kuning.
Origin : Madagascar.
Mature Size - up to 0.3 m to 0.6 m tall.
Overall Texture - fine.
Flower - Cream-coloured Flowers, produced in
inconspicuous clusters on short peduncle.
SHRUBS - Pandanus pygmaeus
Plant Habit :
Prefers Sun/Partial Sun and Moderate Water .
• General, Coastal, Flowerbed / Border, Container Planting.
Other Uses:
• eaves are used in Southeast Asian cooking to add a distinct aroma to rice and curry dishes
such as nasi lemak.
Other Species:
Pandanus tectorius
( Screwpine )
Pandanus leram
Origin: Southeast Asia -
(Nicobar Breadfruit)
Indonesia, Philippines,
Origin: Nicobar and Andaman
New Guinea, Australia
Islands to Indonesia.
and throughout the
Pacific Islands.
Pandanus odorifer
Pandanus utilis
(Padang )
( Bacona)
Origin: E. Asia - China, Indian
Origin: Indian Ocean -
subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand,
Mascarenes..
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Philippine.
SHRUBS - Philodendron selloum
Botanical Name : Philodendron selloum (sym)
Common Name : Lacy tree philodendron
Selloum
Horsehead philodendron
Mature Size - 8 to 10 feet tall and 6 feet or more wide
Color - Dark green
Overall Form - Horizontal/ Semi-oval
Flower - The inflorescence consists of a 1 ft (0.3m)
long purplish red spathe enclosing an
upright spadix with many tiny petals
flowers.
SHRUBS - Philodendron selloum
Plant Habit :
Evergreen plant that can grow under full sun, partial shade, or full shade with moderate water requirement.

Used in beds under trees to soften the stark trunks and serve as a foliar background for lower plantings. Use
as large entryway accent, informal hedge, single yard specimen, privacy screen, along a fence, corner-of-the-
house shrub, camouflage plant, container plant
Other Uses:
Bug repellent
Other Species:
Philodendron hederaceum Philodendron melanochrysum

(Heartleaf philodendron) (Black Gold Philodendron)
Origin: Central America & Carribean Origin: Colombia
Philodendron verrucosum
Philodendron xanadu
(Ecuador philodendron)
(Split-leaf philodendron)
Origin: Costa Rica, Panama,
Origin: Brazil
Columbia, Ecuador & Peru
SHRUBS - Phyllantus myrtifolius
Botanical Name : Phyllanthus myrtifolius
Common Name : Ceylon Myrtle
Mousetail Plant
Myrtele-leaf leaf-flower
Origin : Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Australia &
Tropical Americas
Mature Size -3m
Color - Purplish to green
Overall Form - Weeping (Bushy)
Overall Texture - Very fine
Flower - Flowers are typically longer than the
leaves and hang down by slender, red
filament-like stalks, ending in a roundish
bowl-like flower
SHRUBS - Phyllantus myrtifolius
Plant Habit :
Full sun with moderate water

Hedge, bonsai , ornamental foliage & flowerbed or border.
Other Uses:
Medicinal (This plant contains tannins which have anti-bacterial activity.)
Other Species:
Phyllanthus emblica Phyllanthus mirabilis

(Malacca tree) (Leafflower)
Origin: Nepal, India, Sri Lanka Origin: Indochina
Phyllanthus niruri
(gale of the wind)
Origin: India
SHRUBS - Sanchezia nobilis
Botanical Name : Sanchezia nobilis
Common Name : Zebra plant
Tiger plant
Aphelandra
Mature Size - 1.5 m
Color - Yellow and green
Flower - Yellow, Orange inflorescence flower
SHRUBS - Sanchezia nobilis
Plant Habit :
Full sun during growing period and can stand partial shade when stabilize. Medium water but can tolerate a
lot of water.

Ornamental foliage that are good for hedges and borders. This plant suitable for road median planting.
Can be grown with hanging or weeping style.
Other Uses:
none
Other Species:
Sanchezia speciosa Sanchezia oblonga

(Whitevein) (Bankesia)
Origin: Eduardo & Peru Origin: Eduardo & Oblivia
Sanchezia parvibracteata Sanchezia peruviana

Origin: Tropical Australia (Leonard)
Origin: Peru
PALM - Areca catechu
Botanical Name : Areca catechu
Common Name : Areca palm
Pinang palm
betel palm
Mature Size : 12 - 30m tall, 10 -15m thick in trunk
Color : Yellowish green
Overall Form : Round
Flower : Yellow and fragrant inflorescence, Unisexual
PALM - Areca catechu
Plant Habit :
Full to mederate sun, low water
Use in Landscape :
Roadside trees, ornamental (in indoor, normally will not reach full size)
Other Uses :
Fruit are popular for chewing in South east Asia countries; stem as building material and furniture; and
seed for tannin
Other Species :
Archontophoenix alexandrae (Alexandra

palm)
Origin: Australia
Adonidia merrillii (Christmas Palm,

Kerpis palm, Manila Palm)
Origin: Phillipines
PALM - Bismarckia nobilis “silver”
Botanical Name : Bismarckia nobilis "silver".
Common Name : Silver bimarck , Pure Silver.
Origin : Madagascar.
Mature Size - up to 10-15 m high.
Color - Silver - grey .
Overall Form - Oval.
Flower - small brown flowers which, in
female plants, mature to a brown
ovoid drupe, each containing a single
seed.
PALM - Bismarckia nobilis “silver”
Plant Habit :
• used as wayside , Parks and Home garden , Its silver color makes it specially against a dark green
background .
Other Uses:
• Trunk emptied and flattened for use as planks or in partition walling; leaves used for roofing and
basketry
PALM : Dypsis lutescens
Botanical Name : Dypsis lutescens
Common Name : Yellow palm, Golden cane palm,
Butterfly palm, Bamboo palm
Origin : Madagascar, southern America
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - Yellow flowers in summer
PALM : Dypsis lutescens
Plant Habit :

Excellent for screen, informal hedge or privacy wall. Very popular indoor houseplant. It is grown as
an ornamental plant in gardens in tropical and subtropical regions, and soil salt tolerances, elsewhere
indoors as a houseplant.
Other Uses:
Other Species:
Dypsis ambositrae Dypsis cabadae

( ambositra palm) ( cabada palm)
Dypsis decaryi Dypsis leptocheilos

( Palma segi tiga ) ( Redneck palm)
PALM - Licuala grandis
Botanical Name : Licuala grandis
Common Name : Ruffled Fan Palm
Vanuatu Fan
Palm
Palas Palm.
Origin : Vanuatu
Mature Size - up 3 m
Color - lightgreen
Flower - White, Smooth, Cluster /
Inflorescence.
PALM - Licuala grandis
Plant Habit :
is comfortable in full sun as long as the humidity is high. In the sub-tropics, where there are longer periods with
rain this palm requires some shade and regular watering

Roadside Tree / Palm, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting
Other Uses:
Indoor decoration and design.
Other Species:
Licuala spinosa
(Mangrove Fan Palm)
Licuala ferruginea
(Fan Palm)
Origin: Malaysia
Licuala ramsayi
(Queensland)
Origin: Australia
PALM - Licuala spinosa
Botanical Name : Licuala spinosa
Common Name : Mangrove Fan Palm
Origin : southeast Asia
Mature Size - 3- 4 m
Color - Evergreen
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - Flowers are borne in stalks arising
from among the leaf bases.
PALM - Licuala spinosa
Plant Habit :
Near the sea, sometimes growing immediately behind the mangrove and within the influence of salt water,
sometimes on banks and in ravines near the sea

Roadside Tree / Palm, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting.
Other Uses:
The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a food.
It is often grown as an ornamental.
The bark is used in combination with other plants for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Other Species:
Licuala ferruginea
Licuala ramsayi
(Fan Palm)
(Queensland)
Origin: Malaysia
Origin: Australia
Licuala Grandis
(Ruffled Fan Palm)
Origin: Vanuatu
PALM - Livistona chinensis
Botanical Name : Livistona chinensis.
Common Name : chinensis fan palm.
Origin : China , Taiwan.
Mature Size - up to 9-15 m high .
Color - green .
Overall Form - fan shaped, Oval .
Flower - clusters of 4-7, sub globes in
bud, 2-2.5 mm long, white to
yellowish .
PALM - Livistona chinensis
Plant Habit :
Likes direct sun , bright situations and Moderate Water .

• The palm is cultivated as an ornamental tree in gardens and conservatories.
Other Uses:
• The fibres, extracted from the sheath and the petiole of the leaves, are made into cordage .
Other Species:
Livistona saribus
Livistona mariae
( taraw palm )
(central Australian cabbage palm
Origin: Southeast Asia .
or red cabbage palm)
Origin: Australia
Livistona australis Livistona humilis

(cabbage-tree palm ) ( The sand palm )
Origin: Australia. Origin: Top End of the
Northern Territory in
Australia.
PALM - Livistona rotundifolia
Botanical Name : Livistona rotundifolia.
Common Name : Serdang palm.
Origin : Australia , Asia.
Mature Size - 18 m to 27 m high .
Color - green .
Overall Form - fan shaped, Oval .
Flower - Bisexual flowers , colour
cream / off-white ,grouping
cluster / inflorescence and
location of flowers in axillary .
PALM - Livistona rotundifolia
Plant Habit :
Likes direct sun and Moderate Water .

• used as wayside , Parks and Home garden.
Other Uses:
• It is commonly cultivated as a ornamental plant.
Other Species:
Livistona saribus
Livistona mariae ( taraw palm )
(central Australian cabbage palm Origin: Southeast Asia .
or red cabbage palm)
Origin: Australia
Livistona humilis
Livistona australis
( The sand palm )
(cabbage-tree palm )
Origin: Top End of the
Origin: Australia.
Northern Territory in
Australia.
PALM - Phycosperma macarthurii
Botanical Name : Ptychosperma macarthurii
Common Name : Macarthur Palm
Darwin Palm
Origin : Australia, New Guinea
Mature Size -6m
Color - Light green
Overall Form - Cluster palm (Crown of arching)
Flower - Inflorescences multi-branched, cream,
about 0.6 m long, emerging from below
the crownshaft.
PALM - Phycosperma macarthurii
Plant Habit :
Light requirement: full sun, partial sun or partial shade, shade tolerant. Soil tolerances: clay; sand; loam;
slightly alkaline; acidic; well-drained. Drought tolerance: high. Aerosol salt tolerance: low. Pest resistance:
resistant to pests/diseases

Roadside palm
Other Uses:
None
Other Species:
Ptychosperma elegans Ptychosperma salomonense

(Solitaire palm) (Island palm)
Origin: Florida Origin: Solomon Island
Ptychosperma schefferi Ptychosperma cuneatum

(Scheffer palm) (None)
Origin: New guinea Origin: Papua New Guinea
PALM - Raphis excelsa
Botanical Name : Raphis excelsa
Common Name : Lady palm
Broadleaf lady palm
Origin : Southern China and Taiwan
Mature Size -4m
Color - Dark green
Overall Form - Oval
Flower - Fleshy flower containing three petal
fused at the base.
PALM - Raphis excelsa
Plant Habit :
Full sun, partial sun or light shade with medium water needs.

Grown in garden or indoor.
Other Uses:
None
Other Species:
Rhapis humilis Rhapis multifida

(Slender lady palm) (Jade palm)
Origin: China Origin: Southern China
Rhapis subtilis Rhapis flabelliformis

(Thailand lady palm) (Miniature fan palm)
Origin: Southeast Asia Origin: Southern China
PALM - Ravenala madagascariensis
Botanical Name : Ravenala madagascariensis.
Common Name : Travellers palm
Mempisang.
Origin : Madagascar .
Mature Size - height of 15-30 m.
Color - green.
Overall Form - The enormous paddle-shaped leaves
are borne on long petioles.
Flower - Large, white and very fragrant with a
bright yellow centre and are up to 4cm
across. Flowering are usually irregular.
PALM - Ravenala madagascariensis
Plant Habit :
• The leaves are arranged into two rows, giving the impression of a gigantic fan Which gives it beautiful
shape, different from the rest of the trees .. Be in public parks.
Other Uses:
• The seed oil is sometimes used for cooking.
• Sugar can be extracted from the sap of the trunk.
• The bark is used for making floors in houses.
CLIMBER - Bauhinia kockiana
Botanical Name : Bauhinia kockiana
Common Name : Kock’s Bauhinia
Red Trailing Bauhinia
Origin : Peninsular Malaysia
Mature Size : 6-12m tall, branch 3-6m outwards
Color : Green
Overall Form : Climbers
Flower : Orangy red
CLIMBER - Bauhinia kockiana
Plant Habit :
Full sun to semi-shade, moderate water
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental flower
Other Uses :
Mainly use in landscape as specimen for trellises, arbors and pergolas, even as a
stand-alone at the entrance to a patio.
Other Species :
Bauhinia corymbosa (Orchid Vine)

Origin: China
Bauhinia x blakeana (Hong Kong Orchid

Tree )
Origin: Hong Kong
CLIMBER - Bauhinia aureifolia
Botanical Name : Bauhinia aureifolia
Common Name : Golden bauhinia
Gold leaf
Golden leaf of Narathiwat
Origin : Thailand
Mature Size -
Color - Light green and golden velvet
Overall Form - A woody vine, it climbs by means of
tendrils
Flower - In cluster cream/off-white flower
CLIMBER - Bauhinia aureifolia
Plant Habit :
Prefer full sun and moderate water

Ornamental plant, ornamental foliage and fragrant flower for trellis, arbour or pergola.
Other Uses:
None/ Exotic plant
Other Species:
Bauhinia acuminata Bauhinia divaricata

(White/Snowy orchid tree) (Pompom orchid tree)
Origin: Malaysia, Indonesia & Philippine Origin: China, Jamaica & India
Bauhinia vahlii Bauhinia racemosa

(Maluu) (Bidi leaf tree)
Origin: India Origin: Southeast Asia
CLIMBER : Epipremnum aureum
Botanical Name : Epipremnum aureum
Common Name : Money plant,
golden pothos
Origin : Mo'orea, Solomon Islands
Mature Size - 20 m
Color - yellow green
Overall Form - spreading
Overall Texture - coarse
Flower - showy, white, yellow, or light green
CLIMBER : Epipremnum aureum
Plant Habit :
Required moderate water and full sun and low Maintenance

Good houseplant for sunny to shady areas.
Other Uses:
It is used for ground cover
Best grown in bright indirect light or in part sun locations with protection from afternoon sun
Easily propagated from stem cuttings.
Other Species:
Epipremnum pinnatum Epipremnum aureum

(dragon-tail plant) (Devil’s ivy)
Origin: E. Asia , Australia Origin: Solomon Islands
Epipremnum silvaticum
()
Origin: E. Asia , Australia
CLIMBER - Monstera deliciosa
Botanical Name : Monstera deliciosa
Common Name : Swiss cheese plant
Hurricane plant
Origin : Southern Mexico & Panama
Mature Size - Up to 20 m
Color - Dark green
Flower - Composed of a special bract called a
spathe enclosing a spadix.
CLIMBER - Monstera deliciosa
Plant Habit :
Required high humidity and shade. Can be grown as houseplant with moderate water.

Houseplant and ornamental foliage.
Other Uses:
The aerial roots have been used as ropes in Peru, and to make baskets in Mexico.
In Mexico, a leaf or root infusion is drunk daily to relieve arthritis.
In Martinique the root is used to make a remedy for snakebite cure.
Other Species:
Monstera friedrichsthalii Monstera siltepecana

(Swiss cheese) (Monstera karstenianum)
Origin: Peru, Ecuador &Brazil Origin: Mexico
Monstera pinnatipartita
Monstera borsigiana (Split leaf)
(Mexican breadfruit) Origin: Central America
Origin: Mexico & Colombia & Carribean
CLIMBER - Piper sarmentosum
Botanical Name : Piper sarmentosum
Common Name : Kaduk
Wild pepper
Wild betel
Origin : Southern China, India, Indochina,
Malaysia, Indonesia &
Philippines
Mature Size - 0.3 – 0.6 m
Color - Dark green
Overall Form - Creeping
Flower - Erect, cylindrical flowering shoots are 1–2
cm long, and consist of small, stalkless and
petal-less white male or female flowers
CLIMBER - Piper sarmentosum
Plant Habit :
Partial shade and a lot of water.

Its attractive glossy dark green leaves. It makes a good border plant or ground cover for shaded to semi-
shaded sites. Ornamental Foliage, Ornamental Fruits, Fragrant (Foliage). General, Roadside shrub, Parks &
Gardens, Small Gardens, Flowerbed / Border, Groundcover, Interiorscape/ Indoor Plant, Container Planting
and natural thematic garden.
Other Uses:
Edible plant and have medicinal value.
Other Species:
Piper nigrum Piper auritum

(Black pepper) (Mexican pepperleaf)
Origin: India Origin: America
Piper longum Piper darienense

(Indian long pepper) (Kana)
Origin: Java, Indonesia Origin: Panama & Columbia
CLIMBER - Quisqualis indica
Botanical Name : Combretum indicum (sym)
Common Name : Rangoon creeper
Drunken slayer
Chinese honeysuckle
Origin : Phillipines, India and Malaysia
Mature Size - 3-8 m
Color - Light green
Overall Form - Creeping
Flower - The Star shape flowers are fragrant and
tubular their color vary from white, pink
and red.
CLIMBER -Quisqualis indica
Plant Habit :
Full sun or partial shade with lot of water.

Pergola creeper
Other Uses:
Herbal medicine, decoctions of the root, seed or fruit can be used as antihelmintic to cure diarrhea. Leaves
can be use to relieve pain caused by fever.
Other Species:
Combretum coccineum Combretum constrictum

(Flame vine) (Thailand powderpuff)
Origin: Madagascar Origin: Tropical Africa
Combretum quadrangulare Combretum zeyheri

(Sakae naa) (Bushveld tree)
Origin: Southeast Asia Origin: Kenya
CLIMBER - Tillandsia usneoides
Botanical Name : Tillandsia usneoides
Common Name : Spanish moss
Janggut tok adam
Origin : Southern United State
Mature Size - 3-6 m length
Color - Grayish white
Overall Form - Epiphytic plant that grows hanging upon
larger trees like hair or beard.
Flower - Solitary; tiny, inconspicuous and fragrant
at night, apparently sessile. The flowers of
this species have three sepals and three
greenish petals
CLIMBER - Tillandsia usneoides
Plant Habit :
It is tolerant both in full sun and in partial shade where the climate is warm enough and has a relatively high
average humidity.

Aesthetic appeal
Natural curtain
Other Uses:
Spanish moss is use for protection of insect, taking cover in its thick masses. Zebra longwing butterflies roost
in it at night. Many species of birds use strands of moss to build their nests.
Other Species:
Tillandsia Lorentziana Tillandsia ‘Houston’

(Air plant) (Silvery air plant)
Origin: Bolivia and Brazil Origin: Arizona USA
Tillandsia tricolor
Tillandsia abdita
(Red tint air plant)
(Red ball)
Origin: Central America
Origin: Mexican
& Mexico
GROUND COVER - Arachis pintoi
Botanical Name : Arachis pintoi
Common Name : Yellow Peanut Plant
Pinto Peanut
Origin : Brazil
Mature Size : 0.2m to 0.5m
Color : Yellowish bright green
Overall Form : Creeper, ground cover
Flower : Bright yellow, pea-shaped, produced
on short axillary racemes. Free-
blooming.
GROUND COVER - Arachis pintoi
Plant Habit :
Use in Landscape :
Ornamental flower, commonly use as flowerbed, ground cover.
Other Uses :
Mainly used as a pasture legume for grazing. Its creeping habit prevents its use
in cut-and-carry systems. Used as cover crop in oil plantation.
Other Species :
Arachis repens Arachis glabrata

(Grama-amendoin, (Creeping forage peanut)
Creeping Peanut) Origin: Brazil
Origin: Brazil
Arachis hypogaea
(Peanut, Groundnut Plant)
Origin: Brazil
GROUND COVER - Neoregelia carolinae
Botanical Name : Neoregelia carolinae
Common Name : Blushing bromeliad
Mature Size - 45 cm
Color - Green with red centre
Overall Form - Funnel-shaped rosettes with noticeable
red coloration at the centre.
Flower - Violet to lavender blooms in a “raceme”
inflorescence .
GROUND COVER - Neoregelia carolinae
Plant Habit :
Prefer partial shade but can tolerate full shade, high humidity and medium water.

Houseplant or conservatory plant. Use as ground cover or bushy shrub.
Other Uses:
Other Species:
Bromeliad guzmania Aechmea fasciata

(Scarlet star) (Silver vase/ Urn plant)
Origin: Central and South America Origin: Brazil
Vriesea splendens Aechmea blanchetiana

(Flaming sword) (Blushing tiger/ Orange)
Origin: Central and South America Origin:
GROUND COVER - Ophiopogon jaburan
Botanical Name : Ophiopogon jaburan
Common Name : Giant lily turf
Mondo grass
Jaburan Lilyturf
Origin : Tropical Asia
Mature Size - 0.3-0.6 m
Color - Light green
Overall Form - Oval (Bushy)
Flower - Flowers are bell-shaped. They are arranged
in inflorescences known as racemes in which
one main axis bears several stalked flowers.
GROUND COVER - Ophiopogon jaburan
Plant Habit :
Full sun, partial or full shade and require medium water.

Ground cover and ornamental foliage or showy flower.
Other Uses:
It is used for hacking dry coughs, dry tongue and mouth and constipation
Other Species:
Ophiopogon chingii Ophiopogon japonicus

(Blue berry grass) (Dwarf turf lily)
Origin: Japan Origin: China, India, Japan
Ophiopogon planiscapus Ophiopogon jaburan ‘Vittatus'

(Black turf lily) (Variegated mondo grass)
Origin: Japan Origin: Japan

100 Plus Plants Identification in Malaysia

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100 Plus Plants Identification in Malaysia

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By: Siti Normaya Kamarulzaman

Alstonia scholaris Alstonia spatulata

Averrhoa carambola (Starfuit, Carambola)

Phyllanthus acidus (Otaheite gooseberry,

Functional Use in Landscape:

Brownea coccinea Brownea Leucantha

Callistemon salignus Melaleuca pallida

Botanical Name : Cinnamomum iners .

Cinnamomum verum Cinnamomum camphora

Functional Use in Landscape:

Delonix elata Delonix decaryi

Delonix pumila Delonix floribunda

Dracaena fragrans Dracaena aletriformis

Functional Use in Landscape:

Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Eucalyptus grandis Eucalyptus marginata

Origin : South East Asian region

Functional Use in Landscape:

Eurycoma harmandiana Eurycoma apiculata

Functional Use in Landscape:

Ficus carica Ficus longifolia

Ficus microcarpa Ficus macrophylla

Same as Ficus benjamina

Origin :Southest Asia

Functional Use in Landscape:

Ficus elastica Roxb

Origin : Western Africa

Functional Use in Landscape:

Ficus carica Ficus palmata

Ficus deltoidea Ficus fraseri

1 - Filicium decipiens Thwaites, 1760

Filicium longifolium Filicium thouarsianum

Functional Use in Landscape:

Garcinia afzelii Garcinia gummi-gutta

Garcinia atroviridis Garcinia gummi-gutta

Functional Use in Landscape:

Functional Use in Landscape:

Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda arborea

Juniperus sabina Juniperus horizontalis

Juniperus virginiana Juniperus squamata

Botanical Name : Khaya senegalensis .

Leptospermum petersonii Leptospermum liversidgei

Mesua stylosa Mesua ferruginea

Functional Use in Landscape:

* Similar to Magnolia figo

Functional Use in Landscape:

Functional Use in Landscape:

Functional Use in Landscape:

Pisonia brunoniana Pisonia umbellifera

Pisonia grandis Pisonia wagneriana

Functional Use in Landscape:

Plumeria acuminata Plumeria alba

Plumeria rubra Plumeria pudica

Functional Use in Landscape:

Podocarpus gracilior Podocarpus latifolius

Podocarpus henkelii Podocarpus falcatus

Polyalthia fragrans Polyalthia nitidissima

Albizia julibrissin Albizia amara

Albizia chinensis Albizia falcataria

Functional Use in Landscape:

Saraca declinata Saraca indica

Saraca dives Saraca multiflora

Functional Use in Landscape:

Caesalpinia pulcherrima Caesalpinia ferrea