Ungrouped Data Grouped Data

Mean Σ(fx) Σ(fx)

x́= x́=
Σf Σf
1. Use the correct formula to draw the table 1. Use the correct formula to draw the table

x f fx c f Mid-point (x) fx
Given Given
Given Given (Lower Boundary
Σ=¿ Σ=¿
+Higher
Boundary)/2
Σ=¿ Σ=¿

Σ(fx) Σ(fx)
1. Get the answer using from the table 2. Get the answer using from the table
Σf Σf

Median 1. Arrange the numbers in ascending order, and find the 1. Find the Cumulative Frequency
mid value
Group Frequenc x Cumulative Frequency
y
60 < 65 16 0 + 16 = 16
65 < 70 22 16 + 22 = 38
70 < 75 21 38 + 21 = 59
75 < 80 19 49 + 19 = 78
80 < 85 12 68 + 12 = 90
85 < 90 8 80 + 8 = 98
Σf =98

2. Divide the Total Frequency by 2.

Σ f 98
Quotient= = =49
2 2

By Dr Colin Fu
 3. Find the Median group that contains the “quotient” (the
answer of the division)

The Median Group is in “70 < 75” because the group contains
39th, 40th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, …, 48th 49th 50th 51st 52nd, …, 59th

4. Use the formula

98
(
)−38
2 × 5 = 72.62 (2 d.p.)
Median=70+
59−38

Mode 1. Find the MOST FREQUENT OCCURING NUMBERS 1. Find out the modal group (group that occurs the most
frequently)

By Dr Colin Fu
 2. Use formula

Not in the syllabus!

Standard
Σ ( x−x́)2
Deviation
(s.d.)
ớ = (
√ Σf
) ớ =
√[ Σ f ( x−x́)2
Σf ]
1. Use the correct formula to draw the table
1. Use the correct formula to draw the table
x f x−x́ ( x− x́ )2
x f x−x́ ( x− x́ )2 f (x− x́)2
Given Given
Σ=¿ Σ=¿ Given Given
Σ=¿ Σ=¿
2
2. Get the answer using ( Σ f ( x− x́ ) ), from the table
√ Σf
2
2. Get the answer using ( Σ (x−x́) ), from the table
Σ(fx)
Σf √
Note: x́=
Σf

Or

Σ fx 2
√(
ớ = ⌊
Σf )
− x́ 2 ⌋

By Dr Colin Fu
 1. Use the correct formula to draw the table

x f fx x2 fx2
Give Given
n
Σ=¿ Σ=¿ Σ=¿

√(
2. Get the answer using ⌊ Σ fx − x́ 2 ⌋ , from the table
Σf )
Σ(fx)
Note: x́=
Σf

Lower
1. Arrange the data in ascending order: 1. Find the Cumulative Frequency
Quartile
(Q1)

2. Lower quartile (middle value of the lower half) = 12

Group Frequenc Cumulative Frequency
y
60 < 65 16 0 + 16 = 16
65 < 70 22 16 + 22 = 38
70 < 75 21 38 + 21 = 59
Note: If there is an even number of data items, then we need 75 < 80 19 49 + 19 = 78
to get the average of the middle numbers. 80 < 85 12 68 + 12 = 90
85 < 90 8 80 + 8 = 98
Σf =98

By Dr Colin Fu
 2. Determine the class for Q1
Σ f 98
= =24.5
4 4

3. Find the class that contains the lower quartile number.

The Lower Quartile is in “65 < 70” because the group contains
17th, 18th, 19th, …, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, …, 38th

4. Use the correct formula to find the Q1

Σf
Q1=LQ 1 +
4
( −CF Q 1−1
f Q1
×i )

Q 1=65+ ( 24.5−16
22 )
× 5=66.93 (2 d . p .)

Upper 1. Arrange the data in ascending order: 1. Find the Cumulative Frequency
Quartile
(Q3) Group Frequenc Cumulative Frequency
2. Upper quartile (middle value of the lower half) = 36
By Dr Colin Fu
 y
60 < 65 16 0 + 16 = 16
65 < 70 22 16 + 22 = 38
70 < 75 21 38 + 21 = 59
Note: If there is an even number of data items, then we need 75 < 80 19 49 + 19 = 78
to get the average of the middle numbers. 80 < 85 12 68 + 12 = 90
85 < 90 8 80 + 8 = 98
Σf =98

2. Determine the class for Q3

3 3
Σ f × =98 × =73.5
4 4

3. Find the class that contains the upper quartile number.

The Upper Quartile is in “75 < 80” because the group contains
60th, 61th, 62th, …, 72th, 73th, 74th, 75th, …, 78th

4. Use the correct formula to find the Q3

3
Q3=LQ 3 + (
Σ f × −CF Q 3−1
4
fQ3
×i )
By Dr Colin Fu
 Q 3=7 5+ ( 73.5−59
19 ) ×5=78.82(2 d . p .)
Inter IQR = Q3 – Q1 IQR = Q3 – Q1

Quartile
Range
IQR

By Dr Colin Fu