Group number :1

Team Members
 Name ID
Mohsina 1821895
Samsur Nahar Popy 1821632
Affan Ahmed 1821868
Nazma Sultana Joya 1821051
Razwanul Islam Niloy 1720150

Letter of transmittal:

To:

Tawhid Monzur,
Faculty, ENV 101
Independent University, Bangladesh
Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka
Date: 10 August, 2018

Subject: Submission of survey report

Dear Mr. Tawhid ,

Please allow us to express our gratitude towards you for
providing us with the opportunity of presenting our
report on , Negative impact of land usage in kuakata.
This report reflects thoroughly on our focus on the topic
regarding this matter. All the relevant information
regarding the survey we have done there have been
included and it is expected that our report will help you
get a clear view about our work there.
We tried our level best for preparing this report
meaningfully and correctly, as much as possible and it
will be our sheer pleasure to explain any query or
clarification in order for you to learn in depth of our
survey.

Acknowledgement:

We have taken efforts in this assignment. However, the

completion of this assignment would not have been
possible without the kind support and help of our
respected faculty who deserves our deepest
appreciation.
We would like to express our utmost gratitude to MR.
Tawhid Monzur for giving us the opportunity to do this
survey in Kuakata and we would like to thank you for
your contribution in stimulating numerous suggestions
and encouragement, which helped us to coordinate this
assignment and most importantly for being the most
supportive mentor one could ask for. Our thanks and
appreciations also go to those who have helped us with
the abilities in developing the assignment.
Furthermore, without the time, effort and cooperation of
our team members, it would not have been possible for
us to successfully complete this report.

Thank you.

Executive summary :

Land is an essential resource in our life it is mandatory for every

being to use land for their shelter. Land business is one of the
most expensive business in terms of it’s availability not only in
Bangladesh but also worldwide. Due to it’s being a scarce
resource in today’s world, we need more land because the whole
population in Bangladesh is increasing day by day. Land is not
only used in building homes but we have seen in Kuakata as it is
a tourist destination , they have built various accommodations
for tourists. Like hotels, resorts and roads for communication
and transportation are to name a few. However if we look at
those infrastructure, mostly they are unplanned infrastructure
that is definitely a negative land use change. For creating new
buildings they also filled medium rivers, lakes as well. This is an
attraction for tourists but those tourism activities also increases
wastage like the beach is getting dirty as the tourist and also
local people throw away wastes here and there around. This
leads to a total rise up in the negative land use changes. The
factories that are being built there also lies highly waste
dumping in local places and polluting the area around.

So, in these case, though they are using the land for a cause but
this is in turn getting into negative land use changes.

Introduction

Kuakata, locally known as sagar kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is

a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of
Bangladesh.The name Kuakata takes its origin from the story of
a ‘Kua’- or well –dug on the sea shore by the early Rakhain
settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed
on Kuakata coast after being expelled from Arakan by the
Mughals. Following the first well, it became a tradition to dig wells
in the neighborhood of Rakhaine homesteads for fresh water
supply. Kuakata is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor
to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. That
perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world’s most attractive
beaches. The long and wide beach at Kuakata has a typical
natural setting. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and
bathing there is as pleasant as is swmming or diving.
n

Description

Land span : Kuakata is a town known for its panoramic

sea beach.It is in southeastern Bangladesh and is the
number two tourist destination in the country. Kuakata
beach is a sandy expanse 18 kilometres (11 mi) long and
3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide. From the beach one can have
an unobstructed view of both sunrise and sunset over the
Bay of Bengal.Kuakata is in Kalapara Upazila , Patuakhali
District. It is about 320 kilometres (200 mi) south of Dhaka,
the capital, and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) from the
district headquarters.According to the 2011 Bangladesh
census, Kuakata had 2,065 households and a population
of 9,077.

Culture: Kuakata is a place of pilgrimage for Hindu and

Buddhist communities. Innumerable devotees arrive here
at the festivals of 'Rush Purnima' and 'Maghi Purnima'. On
these occasions the pilgrims take holy baths at the bay
and participate in the traditional fairs. One may visit a 100-
year-old Buddhist temple where the statue of Goutama
Buddha and two 200-year-old wells are located.

Climate: The climate is tropical in Kuakata. Most months

of the year are marked by significant rainfall. The short dry
season has little impact. According to Köppen and Geiger,
this climate is classified as Am. The average annual
temperature is 25.9 °C in Kuakata. Precipitation here
averages 2590 mm.The driest month is January. There is
11 mm of precipitation in January. The greatest amount of
precipitation occurs in July, with an average of 613
mm.With an average of 29.6 °C, May is the warmest
month. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur
in January, when it is around 19.9 °C.
Native forest : This forest is located at five (5) kilometer
east of Kuakata beach. This forest is locally also known
as Lembur chor or ‘Nembur chor’. Surrounded area of this
chor is about 1000 acres. There are many types of trees
and plants in this chor like Keura, Geowa, Goran, Koroi,
Golpata etc. Lebur chor is the part of Sundarban but now
it is detached from Sundarban. It is situated in the east
corner of Kuakata. So traveler can visit from Kuakata to
Lebur chor easily. Lebur chor will be another attractive
place for the Kuakata travelers. It is full of natural beauty
and this place is totally outstanding.

Occupation of the people of Kuakata : Both Muslim and

Rakhain community, lives in Kuakata. These two communities
have differences in their profession. Male and female has also
differences in their occupation. It was found 10 types of
occupation
According to the villagers, occupation pattern is - Farmer-20%,
Fisherman- 15%, Catching kakra & kuchia-13%, Day
labour-32%, Business-5%, Carpenter-4%, Service-5%,
Tailor-2%, Driving motor cycle, rickshaw/van=4%.

Transportation : As Kuakata is situated on the southernmost

tip of Bangladesh, going to Kuakata seems a long and laborious
journey for international tourists. The journey is pretty long and
it may take 10-12 hours from Dhaka to reach Kuakata. Inbound
tourists come here by bus or boat
and those are their popular means of transportation. Normally,
foreign tourists wishing to go to Kuakata first go to Dhaka.
From Dhaka there is direct bus service to Kuakata. Again from
Dhaka, there are air, bus and boat transportation connecting to
Barisal division. From Barisal to Kuakata (112km), there is only
bus and boat transport. Boats are very popular in those area and
the amenities in boats are good enough. As there are lots of rives
and canals in the southern part of Bangladesh, there is no rail
communication to Kuakata or even to Barisal. The fares of buses
and boats are quite reasonable. The roads are now being repaired
and widened. Before there were five ferries to cross on the way
to Kuakata from Barisal, but now all of them are being replaced
with nice bridges. Now the transportation facilities are better and
faster than before. But if someone wants to have more luxury
and avoid hassle in buses and boats, it is wise to go with a
private car. (Ruposhibangla 2013.)

Accommodation : Accommodation facilities in Kuakata are not

so developed. There are more than 30 hotels and motels in
Kukata. Among all of them, ten hotels are very popular among
tourists. Most hotels are run by the local people and they serve
the demand of domestic tourists. Very few hotels are of
international standard. (Tourbangladesh 2013.) The rent is
different for domestic and international tourists. There are many
restaurants surrounding the beach area. Most of these restaurants
serve local food. There are also some food made of sea fish and
dry fish are available almost in all restaurants. These types of
food are very cheap and popular to Bangladeshi tourists. But
there are not enough facilities to have fast food or foreign food.
This is the price of an ideal hotel (Parjatan Holiday Homes) in
Kuakata under Bangladesh Porjatan Corporation. This hotel
serves everything for international tourists. (Tourismbangla
2013)

Survey questions :

1. When too much along rivers and lakes is privately owned?

a) From 2010
b) From 2012
c) From 2015
d) From 2017
Few people have answered that from 2012 the lakes have
been filled there for private usage like building, homes,
factories etc, but most people have said that from 2010 the
lands have been privately owned. They are using that for
making industry, unplanned homes, which can be said as a
example of negative land use changes.

Year reason percentage

2010 homes , factories 5% & 1%
2012 homes , factories 9% & 1.5%
homes, hotels, 9.32% , 4.75% &
2015
factories 3%
homes, hotels , 13% , 10.57% &
2017
factories 6%
2. How much rivers and lakes are filled up with soil?
a) Huge
b) Medium
c) Less
In this answer, we have seen that medium sited lakes
and small rivers have been filled. Bangladesh is full of
rivers across the country. The way they are filling up
the lakes and rivers to build up factories, this is an
exploitation of huge part of the land.

3. What types of building are making up those places, where

you are living now?
a) Factory
b) Hospitals
c) Residence
d) Hotels
In kuakata they have got built more houses and hotels.
Unfortunately, in the survey we have found that although
the hotels are built on full proper planning, however their
houses are mostly built without proper plan on
infrastructure.

Types of building percentage

Factory 15%
Hospitals 10%
Residence 47%
Hotels 28%
 Types of building percentage
Factory 15%
Hospitals 10%
Residence 47%
Hotels 28%

4. How many chemical factories is in the area of your living

place?
a) 2
b) 3
c)5
d) 7
In search of this answer in our survey we have got to know
that there are 3 chemical factories in Kuakata area. We all
know that, the wastages from a chemical factory can be
much hazardous to the surrounding lands of that factory. It
does play a big role in environmental damage.

5. What types of bag you use normally for market?

a) Plastic bags
b) jute bags
c) A and B
In kuakata the local people out there use a huge amount of
plastics in their daily lives. From their groceries to the
household materials they rely on plastics mostly. Like
polythene bags, plastic straws , plastic materials and then
they throw it away anywhere around.
As we all know it better, plastic doesn’t get fertilized into
the soil. Thus , it increases wastage firstly and damages the
soil. It could further damage the drainage system in the
locality as well.

Types of bags Percentage

Plastic bags 49%
Jute bags 36%
Both 15%

6. Was there any forest around your area, that is deforested

now?
a) yes
b) no
c) don’t know
The question was asked to 5 person among them 3 of
their answers were yes.
That means there were forest surrounded where they live
but now there are no forests as they were cut down that
we call deforestation. We have talked earlier about how
deforestation have a negative effect on land as it
decreases the fertility of the land.

7).Where do you dump wastes of your homes/ hotels/

hospitals/ garments?
a) beside their home
b) proper dustbin
c) A and B
When we were doing the survey we asked the general
people that where do they dump their waste product then
they replied laughing that they always dump their wastes
beside their homes that they call “ MAYLAR BAGHAR” . It
seemed that they don’t use proper dustbin. But when we
asked the same question to the hotel management we
found a satisfactory answer they dump their waste in a
proper dustbin. But all this wastes from the hotels and
hospitals are carried in a truck and then dumped in a
certain place. So that land is also miss used, which is a
negative impact.

Places Percentage
Beside homes 53%
Proper dustbin 24%
Both 23%

8. What do you use for daily cook as fuel?

a) Firewood
b) Cylinder gas
c) A and B
Most of the people in Kuakata uses firewood but there
are some people who uses gas and firewood both. We can
think what is the relation with using gas and firewood
with bad effects of land usage. But yes it is indirectly
related with the bad effect of land usage.
For example: To get firewood people are cutting down
forests quickly which is certainly related with negative
effects of land usage. The more gas people are using the
more gas they are digging up from under the land and this
digging up of minerals are certainly a negative effect of
land usage.

Fuel Percentage
Firewood 28%
Cylinder Gas 44%
both 18%

9. How much fuel is needed for one month?

Firewood – (i) 1500 kg-1700kg
(ii) 1800kg-2200kg
(iii) 2300kg-2500kg
 
Cylinder gas- (i) one
(ii) two
(iii) three
The answer of this question is again related with the
answer of question no 6. People who uses firewood most
of them use 1500-1700kg wood monthly. Some people use
more like 1800-2200 kg per month and the people who use
gas use 1 cylinder of it per month. Those who have
business of food court approximately use 2-3 cylinder of
gas per month. By seeing this usage of huge amount of
firewood and gas we can certainly say how much harmful
it is for the land because when land is cleared of the trees
the soil is stripped of its natural protection against
erosion, this means that land that was previously lush
and fertile is now being converted into dry, nutrient free
land as a result of erosive processes like wind or water.
Once nutrients are removed from the land, they are very
difficult to restore.

Firewood Percentage
1500 kg-1700kg 28%
1800kg-2200kg 43%
2300kg-2500kg 29%

Reference
Tourismbangla 2013

THANK YOU