Nadia Karima Izzaty

1306369466

Dept. Teknik Sipil

7.2.1. A system has a discrete pulse response function with ordinates 0.1, 0.5, 0.3, and
0.1 units. Calculate the output from this system if it has a pulse input of (a) 3 units, (b) 4
units, (c) 3 units in the first time interval followed by 4 units in the second.

(a) 3 units

Effective
Time Ordinate rainfall Output
0 3 0
1 0.1 3 0.3
2 0.5 3 1.5
3 0.3 3 0.9
4 0.1 3 0.3
5 3 0

(b) 4 units

Effective
Time Ordinate rainfall Output
0 4 0
1 0.1 4 0.4
2 0.5 4 2
3 0.3 4 1.2
4 0.1 4 0.4
5 4 0

(c) Combination

Effective Effective
rainfall rainfall Output Output
Time Ordinate (1) (2) (1) (2) Sum
0 3 4 0 0 0
1 0.1 3 4 0.3 0 0.3
2 0.5 3 4 1.5 0.4 1.9
3 0.3 3 4 0.9 2 2.9
 4 0.1 3 4 0.3 1.2 1.5
5 3 4 0 0.4 0.4
6 3 4 0 0 0

7.2.3. Calculate and plot the impulse response function u(t), the step response function
g(0), the continuous pulse response function h(t), and the discrete pulse response function
Un for a linear reservoir having k = 1 h and Δt = 2 h.

Time u(t) g(t) h(t)

0 1 0 0
2 0.135335 0.864665 0.432332
4 0.018316 0.981684 0.05851
6 0.002479 0.997521 0.007918
8 0.000335 0.999665 0.001072
10 4.54E-05 0.999955 0.000145
 1.2

1
Impulse Response
Function (u(t))
0.8

0.6
Step Response
Function (g(t))
0.4

0.2 Continuous Pulse

Response
0 Function (h(t))
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

7.4.1. The excess rainfall and direct runoff recorded for a storm are as follows:

Calculate the one-hour unit hydrograph.

Time (h) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Excess Rainfall (in) 1 2 1
Direct Run off (cfs) 10 120 400 560 500 450 250 10 50
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
UH 10 100 190 80 150 70 -40

Unit Hydrograph
250

200

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-50

-100
7.4.3. Derive by deconvolution the six-hour unit hydrograph from the following data for
a watershed having a drainage area of 216 km2, assuming a constant rainfall abstraction
rate and a constant baseflow of 20 m 3/s.

Rainfall Streamflow Direct Run off

Time (h) (cm) (m3/s) (m3/s) n UH
1 1.5 26 6 1 4
2 3.5 71 51 2 24.66666667
3 2.5 174 154 3 38.44444444
4 1.1 226 206 4 3.585185185
5 173 153 5 11.47160494
6 99 79 6 -8.26831276
7 49 29 7 16.87758573
8 33 13 8 -25.3463557
9 26 6
10 22 2
11 21 1

7.4.5. An intense storm with approximately constant intensity lasting six hours over a
watershed of area 785 km2 produced the following discharges Q in m 3/s:

The baseflow Qb has been estimated from the appearance of the observed hydrograph.
Use deconvolution to determine the two-hour unit hydrograph.
 Q Qb Direct Runoff
T UH
(m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s)
0 18 18 0 0
2 21 20 1 0.050593
4 28 25 3 0.151779
6 44 32 12 0.607115
8 70 40 30 1.517788
10 118 47 71 3.592098
12 228 54 174 8.803171
14 342 61 281 14.21662
16 413 68 345 17.45456
18 393 75 318 16.08855
20 334 79 255 12.9012
22 270 77 193 9.764437
24 216 73 143 7.23479
26 171 69 102 5.16048
28 113 66 47 2.377868
30 113 63 50 2.529647
32 97 60 37 1.871939
34 84 57 27 1.366009
36 75 55 20 1.011859
38 66 52 14 0.708301
40 59 49 10 0.505929
42 54 47 7 0.354151
44 49 44 5 0.252965
46 46 42 4 0.202372
48 42 40 2 0.101186
50 40 38 2 0.101186
52 38 37 1 0.050593
54 36 35 1 0.050593
56 34 34 0 0
58 33 33 0 0
60 33 33 0 0
Depth of direct runoff 19.7656051
 450

400

350

300

250 Qtotal
200 Qbase

150 Unit Hydrograph

100

50

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
-50

7.5.1. Use the unit hydrograph developed in Prob. 7.4.3 to calculate the streamflow
hydrograph from a 12-hour-duration storm having 2 cm of rainfall excess in the first six
hours and 3 cm in the second six hours. Assume a constant baseflow rate of 30 m 3/s.

Time (h) UH Rainfall Q1 Q2 Total

0 0 2 0 0
1 4 8 8
2 24.66666667 49.33333 49.33333
3 38.44444444 76.88889 76.88889
4 3.585185185 7.17037 7.17037
5 11.47160494 22.94321 22.94321
-
6 8.268312757 3 -16.5366 0 -16.5366
7 0 0 12 12
8 0 0 74 74
9 0 115.3333 115.3333
10 0 10.75556 10.75556
11 0 34.41481 34.41481
12 0 0 -24.8049 -24.8049

7.5.3. Use the two-hour unit hydrograph determined in Prob. 7.4.5 to calculate the
streamflow hydrograph from a four-hour storm in which 5 cm of excess rainfall fell in
the first two hours and 6 cm in the second two hours. Assume the same baseflow rate as
given in Prob. 7.4.5.
 Qb Total
T UH Storm Outflow 1 Outflow 2 (m3/s) Flow
0 0 5 0 18 18
2 0.050593 6 0.2529647 0 20 20.25296
4 0.151779 0.758894 0.30355762 25 26.06245
6 0.607115 3.0355762 0.91067285 32 35.94625
8 1.517788 7.5889404 3.64269142 40 51.23163
10 3.592098 17.960492 9.10672854 47 74.06722
12 8.803171 44.015855 21.5525909 54 119.5684
14 14.21662 71.083076 52.8190255 61 184.9021
16 17.45456 87.272815 85.2996906 68 240.5725
18 16.08855 80.442769 104.727378 75 260.1701
20 12.9012 64.505994 96.5313225 79 240.0373
22 9.764437 48.822184 77.4071926 77 203.2294
24 7.23479 36.173949 58.5866203 73 167.7606
26 5.16048 25.802398 43.4087394 69 138.2111
28 2.377868 11.88934 30.962877 66 108.8522
30 2.529647 12.648234 14.267208 63 89.91544
32 1.871939 9.3596932 15.1778809 60 84.53757
34 1.366009 6.8300464 11.2316319 57 75.06168
36 1.011859 5.0592936 8.19605568 55 68.25535
38 0.708301 3.5415055 6.07115236 52 61.61266
40 0.505929 2.5296468 4.24980665 49 55.77945
42 0.354151 1.7707528 3.03557618 47 51.80633
44 0.252965 1.2648234 2.12490333 44 47.38973
46 0.202372 1.0118587 1.51778809 42 44.52965
48 0.101186 0.5059294 1.21423047 40 41.72016
50 0.101186 0.5059294 0.60711524 38 39.11304
52 0.050593 0.2529647 0.60711524 37 37.86008
54 0.050593 0.2529647 0.30355762 35 35.55652
56 0 0 0.30355762 34 34.30356
58 0 0 0 33 33
60 0 0 0 33 33
62 0 0

7.5.4. The six-hour unit hydrograph of a watershed having a drainage area equal to 393
km2 is as follows:
For a storm over the watershed having excess rainfall of 5 cm for the first six hours and
15 cm for the second six hours, compute the streamflow hydrograph, assuming constant
baseflow of 100 m3/s.

Time
(h) UH Rainfall Q1 Q2 Total
0 0 5 0 0
6 1.8 15 9 0 9
12 30.9 154.5 27 181.5
18 85.6 428 463.5 891.5
24 41.8 209 1284 1493
30 14.6 73 627 700
36 5.5 27.5 219 246.5
42 1.8 9 82.5 91.5
48 0 27 27
54 0 0

7.7.4. The 10-minute unit hydrograph for a 0.86-mi2 watershed has 10-minute ordinates
in cfs/in of 134, 392, 475, 397, 329, 273, 227, 188, 156, 129, 107, 89, 74, 61, 51, 42, 35, 29,
24, 10, 17, 14, 11, .... Determine the peaking coefficient Cp for Snyder's method. The main
channel length is 10,500 ft, and Lc = 6000 ft. Determine the coefficient Ct.

𝑡𝑝 = 𝐶1 𝐶𝑡 (𝐿𝐿𝑐 )0.3

0.5 = 1. 𝐶𝑡 (1.989 . 1.136)0.3

𝑪𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟐

𝐶2 𝐶𝑝
𝑞𝑝 =
𝑡𝑝

640 . 𝐶𝑝
475 =
0.5

𝑪𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟏

7.7.11. A triangular synthetic unit hydrograph developed by the Soil Conservation

Service method has qp = 2900 cfs/in, Tp = 50 min, and tr = 10 min. Compute the direct
runoff hydrograph for a 20-minute storm, having 0.66 in rainfall in the first 10 minutes
and 1.70 in in the second 10 minutes. The rainfall loss rate is Ø = 0.6 in/h throughout the
storm.

Time UH Rainfall Q1 Q2 Total

0 0 0 0
10 580 0.66 382.8 0 382.8
20 1160 1.7 765.6 986 1751.6
30 1740 1148.4 1972 3120.4
40 2320 1531.2 2958 4489.2
50 2900 1914 3944 5858
60 3480 2296.8 4930 7226.8
70 4060 2679.6 5916 8595.6
80 4640 3062.4 6902 9964.4
90 5220 3445.2 7888 11333.2
100 5800 3828 8874 12702
110 6380 4210.8 9860 14070.8
120 6960 4593.6 10846 15439.6
130 7540 4976.4 11832 16808.4
133.5 0 0 12818 12818
0 0