Step (1) : Determine Storage Volume Required

10ARI
Designing an Below-Ground Storage System
Step (1) : Determine Storage Volume Required
Total Area = 55441.51 m2

Impervious Area (50%) = 27720.76 m2
Pervious Area (50%) = 27720.76 m2
1. Determine times of concentration, tc and tcs
From table 14.3 (Vol.5-MASMA), minimum time of concentration for roof area is;
tc = 5 minutes
tcs = 5 minutes
2. Calculate the pre and post-development flows

10YRS ARI (PERAK-SETIAWAN)
a b c d I
td (mins) 5.5868 0.0964 -0.1014 0.0021 ln(rIt) (mm/hr)
a b(lnt) c(lnt)2 d(lnt)3 10-yr ARI
30 5.5868 0.33 -1.17 0.08 4.82 124.5
60 5.5868 0.39 -1.70 0.14 4.43 83.6
from table above.=
10
I30 = 124.5 mm/hr
10
I60 = 83.6 mm/hr
convert to rainfall depth,
10
P30 = 62.2 mm
10
P60 = 83.6 mm
use equation below to determine 10

P5 And Fd = 2.08
Pd = P30 - Fd(P60-P30)
10P5 = 17.9 mm
Therefore
I = 214.6 mm/hr
Using the Rational Method, the pre and post-development flows are calculated as follows :
Development Impervious Area Pervious Area SCA I Q

Status *C A (m2) *C A (m2) (mm/hr) (l/s)
pre-dev (Qp) - - 0.80 55442 44353.2 214.6 2643.79
post-dev (Qa) 0.90 27720.8 0.80 27721 47125.3 214.6 2809.02
*Value C from Design Chart 14.4, 14.3 ; pre-dev-(Curve type B) and post-dev -(Curve type 1)
Page 1
10ARI
3. To determine the required PSD
PSD = a - ( a2 - 4b )1/2
2
where,
a = 8.548Qa x (0.333tc x Qp/Qa + 0.35tc + 0.65tcs )

tc
b = 8.548QaQp
Qa = Post – Development flow
Qp = Pre – Development flow
tc = Peak flow time of concentration from the top of the
catchment to the designated outlet or point of concern (minutes)
Tcs = Peak flow time of concentration from the top of the
catchment to the development site (minutes)
Qa Qp tc tcs a b a2 PSD
(l/s) (l/s) (mins) (mins) (l/s)
2809.02 2643.79 10 15 39340.80 63481436.98 1547698339.98 1685.87
4. Determine the Site Storage Requirement (SSR)
Based on design storm (50 year ARI)
coefficients for the IDF for Perak
ARI coeff. of IDF polynominal equations

(years) a b c d
50 5.2993 0.4270 -0.1780 0.0082
use equatian below to determine
ln(rIt) = a +b(lnt) + c(lnt)2 + d(lnt)3
where,
RIt = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr) for ARI and duration t

R = Average return interval(years)
T = Duration(minutes)
a to d are fitting constant depent on ARI
a b c d I
5 5.299 0.687 -0.461 0.034 5.560 259.73
10 5.299 0.983 -0.944 0.100 5.439 230.18
15 5.299 1.156 -1.305 0.163 5.313 202.98
20 5.299 1.279 -1.597 0.220 5.201 181.54
25 5.299 1.374 -1.844 0.273 5.103 164.51
30 5.299 1.452 -2.059 0.323 5.015 150.67
35 5.299 1.518 -2.250 0.369 4.936 139.20
40 5.299 1.575 -2.422 0.412 4.864 129.53
45 5.299 1.625 -2.579 0.452 4.798 121.23
50 5.299 1.670 -2.724 0.491 4.737 114.04
55 5.299 1.711 -2.858 0.528 4.680 107.73
60 5.299 1.748 -2.984 0.563 4.626 102.15
Page 2
10ARI
I
td (mm/hr) Impervious Area Pervious Area SCA Qd
(mins) 50-yr ARI C A (m2) C A (m2) (l/s)
5 259.730 0.900 27720.755 0.80 27720.755 47125.28 3399.96
10 230.182 0.900 27720.755 0.79 27720.755 46848.08 2995.45
15 202.982 0.900 27720.755 0.78 27720.755 46570.87 2625.84
20 181.542 0.900 27720.755 0.77 27720.755 46293.66 2334.52
25 164.507 0.895 27720.755 0.76 27720.755 45877.85 2096.45
30 150.673 0.895 27720.755 0.75 27720.755 45600.64 1908.56
35 139.204 0.890 27720.755 0.74 27720.755 45184.83 1747.20
40 129.526 0.890 27720.755 0.73 27720.755 44907.62 1615.75
45 121.234 0.890 27720.755 0.72 27720.755 44630.42 1502.98
50 114.042 0.885 27720.755 0.71 27720.755 44214.60 1400.64
55 107.735 0.885 27720.755 0.70 27720.755 43937.40 1314.88
60 102.153 0.885 27720.755 0.69 27720.755 43660.19 1238.89
td (mins) Qd (l/s) PSD (l/s) c d SSR (m3)

5 3399.961 1685.873 916.774 97.805 715.614
10 2995.446 1685.873 886.904 111.013 1198.517
15 2625.845 1685.873 851.566 126.639 1482.876
20 2334.516 1685.873 815.826 142.442 1651.498
25 2096.454 1685.873 779.245 158.617 1737.886
30 1908.558 1685.873 743.930 174.233 1782.711
35 1747.203 1685.873 707.541 190.324 1783.612
40 1615.746 1685.873 672.521 205.808 1769.799
45 1502.983 1685.873 637.601 221.249 1739.158
For bellow-ground storage

c = 0.675 PSD (1 – 0.392 PSD/Qd )
d = 0.117 PSD2/Qd
SSR = 0.06td (Qd – c – d)
From the table, a maximum SSR of 1783.61m3 occurs at duration of 35 minutes.
Step (2) : Determine Storage Dimensions
Green Area (m2) = 15000

depth (m) = 0.15
Storage Provided (m3); = 2250.00 > 1783.61 OK
Page 3
10ARI
Step (3) : Primary Outlet Size
The primary outlet orifice is saiz to discharge the PSD assuming free outlet condition when storage is full.
The required orifice size under free outlet condition is calculated by rearranging Equation 19.3:
Ao = PSD ……….(Equation 19.3)

Cd(2gHo)1/2
Where,
ao = Area of orifice (m2)

cd = Use 0.06 for D < 50 mm , Use 0.62 for D > 50 mm
g = Accelaration due to gravity, 9.81 m/s2
ho = Head of orifice
do = ( 4Ao/n )1/2
n = 3.142
Therefore,
Ao = 0.868 m2
Do = 1.051 m , 1051.29910790836 mm
So, provide 3 nos. 225 mm for discharge pipe
4. Secondary Outlet Size
Design ARI for secondary outlet = 100
Assumed the overland flow and drain flow time (min) = 20
a b c d I
td (mins) 6.3202 -0.0778 -0.0849 0.0026 ln(rIt) (mm/hr)
30 6.3202 -0.26 -0.98 0.10 5.18 177
60 6.3202 -0.32 -1.42 0.18 4.76 116
from table above.=
50I30 = 177 mm/hr

50I60 = 116 mm/hr
50P30 = 88 mm
50P60 = 116 mm
use equation below to determine 50P20 and Fd = 0.47
Page 4
10ARI
Pd = P30 - Fd(P60-P30)
50P20 = 75 mm
Therefore
50I20 = 226 mm/hr
Using the Rational Method, the major system flow is calculated as follow:
I Impervious Area Pervious Area SCA Q

(mm/hr) *C A (m2) *C A (m2) (l/s)
226 0.9 27721 0.8 27721 47125.28 2958.81
*Value C from Design Chart 14.4, 14.3 ; Pervious -(Curve type B), Impervious -(Curve type 1)
Assuming the head over the weir is limited;
H= 1.00 m
CBCW = 1.70
B= Qd …………….(Equation 20.6)
CBCW H1.5
B= 1.740 m
Secondary outlet weir are ; Wide (m) = 1.740

High (m) = 1.000
Page 5
2ARI
Designing an Below-Ground Storage System
Step (1) : Determine Storage Volume Required
Total Area = 55441.51 m2

Impervious Area (50%) = 27720.76 m2
Pervious Area (50%) = 27720.76 m2
1. Determine times of concentration, tc and tcs
From table 14.3 (Vol.5-MASMA), minimum time of concentration for roof area is;
tc = 5 minutes
tcs = 5 minutes
2. Calculate the pre and post-development flows

2YRS ARI (PERAK-SETIAWAN)
a b c d I
30 5.079 1.27 -2.08 0.32 4.59 98.2
60 5.079 1.52 -3.01 0.56 4.15 63.4
from table above.=
10
I30 = 98.2 mm/hr
10
I60 = 63.4 mm/hr
10
P30 = 49.1 mm
10
P60 = 63.4 mm
use equation below to determine 10

P5 And Fd = 2.08
Pd = P30 - Fd(P60-P30)
10P5 = 19.4 mm
Therefore
I = 232.5 mm/hr
Using the Rational Method, the pre and post-development flows are calculated as follows :
Development Impervious Area Pervious Area SCA I Q

Status *C A (m2) *C A (m2) (mm/hr) (l/s)
pre-dev (Qp) - - 0.80 55442 44353.2 232.5 2864.39
post-dev (Qa) 0.90 27720.8 0.80 27721 47125.3 232.5 3043.42
*Value C from Design Chart 14.4, 14.3 ; pre-dev-(Curve type B) and post-dev -(Curve type 1)
Page 6
2ARI
3. To determine the required PSD
PSD = a - ( a2 - 4b )1/2
2
where,
a = 8.548Qa x (0.333tc x Qp/Qa + 0.35tc + 0.65tcs )

tc
b = 8.548QaQp
Qa = Post – Development flow
Qp = Pre – Development flow
tc = Peak flow time of concentration from the top of the
catchment to the designated outlet or point of concern (minutes)
Tcs = Peak flow time of concentration from the top of the
catchment to the development site (minutes)
Qa Qp tc tcs a b a2 PSD
(l/s) (l/s) (mins) (mins) (l/s)
3043.42 2864.39 10 15 42623.48 74517508.74 1816761403.91 1826.55
4. Determine the Site Storage Requirement (SSR)
Based on design storm (50 year ARI)
coefficients for the IDF for Perak
ARI coeff. of IDF polynominal equations

(years) a b c d
50 5.2993 0.4270 -0.1780 0.0082
use equatian below to determine
ln(rIt) = a +b(lnt) + c(lnt)2 + d(lnt)3
where,
RIt = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr) for ARI and duration t

R = Average return interval(years)
T = Duration(minutes)
a to d are fitting constant depent on ARI
a b c d I
5 5.299 0.687 -0.461 0.034 5.560 259.73
10 5.299 0.983 -0.944 0.100 5.439 230.18
15 5.299 1.156 -1.305 0.163 5.313 202.98
20 5.299 1.279 -1.597 0.220 5.201 181.54
25 5.299 1.374 -1.844 0.273 5.103 164.51
30 5.299 1.452 -2.059 0.323 5.015 150.67
35 5.299 1.518 -2.250 0.369 4.936 139.20
40 5.299 1.575 -2.422 0.412 4.864 129.53
45 5.299 1.625 -2.579 0.452 4.798 121.23
50 5.299 1.670 -2.724 0.491 4.737 114.04
55 5.299 1.711 -2.858 0.528 4.680 107.73
60 5.299 1.748 -2.984 0.563 4.626 102.15
Page 7
2ARI
I
td (mm/hr) Impervious Area Pervious Area SCA Qd
(mins) 50-yr ARI C A (m2) C A (m2) (l/s)
5 259.730 0.900 27720.755 0.80 27720.755 47125.28 3399.96
10 230.182 0.900 27720.755 0.79 27720.755 46848.08 2995.45
15 202.982 0.900 27720.755 0.78 27720.755 46570.87 2625.84
20 181.542 0.900 27720.755 0.77 27720.755 46293.66 2334.52
25 164.507 0.895 27720.755 0.76 27720.755 45877.85 2096.45
30 150.673 0.895 27720.755 0.75 27720.755 45600.64 1908.56
35 139.204 0.890 27720.755 0.74 27720.755 45184.83 1747.20
40 129.526 0.890 27720.755 0.73 27720.755 44907.62 1615.75
45 121.234 0.890 27720.755 0.72 27720.755 44630.42 1502.98
50 114.042 0.885 27720.755 0.71 27720.755 44214.60 1400.64
55 107.735 0.885 27720.755 0.70 27720.755 43937.40 1314.88
60 102.153 0.885 27720.755 0.69 27720.755 43660.19 1238.89
td (mins) Qd (l/s) PSD (l/s) c d SSR (m3)

5 3399.961 1826.547 973.275 114.808 693.563
10 2995.446 1826.547 938.212 130.312 1156.152
15 2625.845 1826.547 896.731 148.655 1422.413
20 2334.516 1826.547 854.777 167.205 1575.040
25 2096.454 1826.547 811.838 186.192 1647.635
30 1908.558 1826.547 770.382 204.523 1680.574
35 1747.203 1826.547 727.667 223.411 1671.863
40 1615.746 1826.547 686.560 241.587 1650.237
45 1502.983 1826.547 645.568 259.713 1613.794
For bellow-ground storage

c = 0.675 PSD (1 – 0.392 PSD/Qd )
d = 0.117 PSD2/Qd
SSR = 0.06td (Qd – c – d)
From the table, a maximum SSR of 1680.57m3 occurs at duration of 30 minutes.
Step (2) : Determine Storage Dimensions
Green Area (m2) = 15000

depth (m) = 0.15
Storage Provided (m3); = 2250.00 > 1680.57 OK
Page 8
2ARI
Step (3) : Primary Outlet Size
The primary outlet orifice is saiz to discharge the PSD assuming free outlet condition when storage is full.
The required orifice size under free outlet condition is calculated by rearranging Equation 19.3:
Ao = PSD ……….(Equation 19.3)

Cd(2gHo)1/2
Where,
ao = Area of orifice (m2)

cd = Use 0.06 for D < 50 mm , Use 0.62 for D > 50 mm
g = Accelaration due to gravity, 9.81 m/s2
ho = Head of orifice
do = ( 4Ao/n )1/2
n = 3.142
Therefore,
Ao = 0.941 m2
Do = 1.094 m , 1094.28183603161 mm
So, provide 3 nos. 225 mm for discharge pipe
4. Secondary Outlet Size
Design ARI for secondary outlet = 100
Assumed the overland flow and drain flow time (min) = 20
a b c d I
td (mins) 6.3202 -0.0778 -0.0849 0.0026 ln(rIt) (mm/hr)
30 6.3202 -0.26 -0.98 0.10 5.18 177
60 6.3202 -0.32 -1.42 0.18 4.76 116
from table above.=
50I30 = 177 mm/hr

50I60 = 116 mm/hr
50P30 = 88 mm
50P60 = 116 mm
use equation below to determine 50P20 and Fd = 0.47
Page 9
2ARI
Pd = P30 - Fd(P60-P30)
50P20 = 75 mm
Therefore
50I20 = 226 mm/hr
Using the Rational Method, the major system flow is calculated as follow:
I Impervious Area Pervious Area SCA Q

(mm/hr) *C A (m2) *C A (m2) (l/s)
226 0.9 27721 0.8 27721 47125.28 2958.81
*Value C from Design Chart 14.4, 14.3 ; Pervious -(Curve type B), Impervious -(Curve type 1)
Assuming the head over the weir is limited;
H= 1.00 m
CBCW = 1.70
B= Qd …………….(Equation 20.6)
CBCW H1.5
B= 1.740 m
Secondary outlet weir are ; Wide (m) = 1.740

High (m) = 1.000
Page 10
STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM DESIGN
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (14) (16) (17) (18) (19)
Coefficient of Runoff
Overland Flow Time,
Total Time in Drain,
Rainfall Intensity
Equivalent Area
Concentration, tc
Time of Flow in
Length of Drain
Critical Time of
Sub-Area Node
Q = (C x A)x I
Flow Capacity
Flow Velocity
Drain Section
Invert Level
Design ARI
Discharge
(C x A)
Gradient
Area (A)
Area (A)
Number
Section
(1:n)
(I)
Size
(C)
to
td
m m2 ha Years min min mm/hr ha m3/s m3/s m/s min m, LSD
A1 a1-a2 33 1239 0.1240 5 5 0.54 6 207 0.91 0.1128 0.06 450 BD 400 0.15 0.86 will flow to BD
A4 A4-a5 58 1342 0.1343 5 5 0.97 6 207 0.91 0.1222 0.07 450 BD 400 0.15 0.86 will flow to BD
A5 a5-a6 7 162 0.0162 5 5 0.12 5 226 0.91 0.0148 0.01 450 BD 400 0.15 0.86 will flow to BC
A6 a6-a7 8 900x750 BC 200 2.18 3.23 will flow to earth drain
arth drain

Step (1) : Determine Storage Volume Required

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10ARI

Designing an Below-Ground Storage System