Name: 

Date: 

Lesson 4.5  Real-World Problems: Linear Equations

Solve. Show your work.

 1. 
To rent a bike, Max pays a flat rate plus an hourly rental fee. The graph shows
the amount, C dollars, he pays based on the number of hours, t, he uses the
bike.

C
Bike Rental Rates

30

25

20
Cost ($)

15

10

t
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time (h)

a) Find the vertical intercept of the graph and explain what information it
gives about the situation.

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b) Find the slope of the graph and explain what information it gives
about the situation.

c) Find the amount Max pays to rent a bike for 6 hours.

60  Chapter 4 Lesson 4.5

MIF_ExtraPractice C3_Ch04.indd 60 3/30/12 12:15 AM

 Name:  Date: 

Solve. Show your work.

y
 2. The growth of two plant saplings A and B,
were observed for a period of 6 months. Growth of Plant Saplings
The graph shows the linear growth of the
saplings, in centimeters. Sapling A
60
a) Find the initial height of
50
sapling  A and sapling B.
Sapling B

Height (cm)
40

30

20

10

x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
b) Which sapling shows the greatest
amount of growth during the
Number of Months
6 month time period? Explain.

 3. The graph shows the cost, C, of C

renting a concert hall for t hours.
Concert Hall Rental Fee
a) Find the vertical intercept of the
graph and explain what information 600
it gives about the situation.
500
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400
Cost ($)

300

200

100

b) Find the slope of the graph and t

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
explain what information it gives
about the situation.
Time (h)

  Extra Practice Course 3A  61

MIF_ExtraPractice C3_Ch04.indd 61 3/30/12 12:15 AM

 Name:  Date: 

Solve. Show your work.

 4. Two containers P and Q are filled with different amounts of water. Each container
has a small hole. The graph shows the amount of water, V milliliters, left in each
container after x minutes.

Amount of Water in Containers

1000

800
Amount of water (mL)

600

400

Container Q
200
Container P

x
0 20 40 60 80

Time (min)

a) Find the initial amount of water in each container.

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b) Which container has a bigger hole?

62  Chapter 4 Lesson 4.5

MIF_ExtraPractice C3_Ch04.indd 62 3/30/12 12:15 AM

 Name:  Date: 

Solve. Show your work.

 5. 
A candle is 9 inches long. Nelson lights the candle and records the length of the
candle, y inches, for x hours.

Number of Hours Candle Burns (x hours) 0 1 2 3 4

Height of Candle (y inches) 9 7 5 3 1

a) Graph the relationship between candle height and time. Use 2 grid squares
to represent 1 unit on the horizontal axis for the x-interval 0 to 4 and 1 grid
square for 1 unit on the vertical axis for the y-interval 0 to 9.

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  Extra Practice Course 3A  63

MIF_ExtraPractice C3_Ch04.indd 63 3/30/12 12:15 AM

 Name:  Date: 

b) Find the vertical intercept of the graph and explain what information it gives
about the situation.

c) Find the slope of the graph and explain what information it gives about the
situation.

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

d) Write an equation relating the height of the candle and the number of hours
it is lit.

64  Chapter 4 Lesson 4.5

MIF_ExtraPractice C3_Ch04.indd 64 3/30/12 12:15 AM

  6. 9. y
x 23 0 3
y 28 24 0 6
y 5

4
(2, 3)
3
1 (3, 2)
(3, 0) 2
x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 1
1
x
2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 4
y x4
3
4
(0, 4) 10. y
5

6
1
7
x
8 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
(3, 8)
1
(0, 1)
2

 7. y
(2, 4)
3

4

7
(3, 7)
6
Lesson 4.5
5
(2, 5)  1. a) From the graph, the vertical intercept
4
is 5. It represents the initial fixed amount
3 for renting a bike.
2
b) The graph passes through (0, 5) and
1 (6, 20).
x 20  5 15 5
0 1 2 3 4 Slope 5  
60 6 2
The line has slope m 5 5 . It represents
2
the hourly rate for renting a bike.
 8. y
It costs Max $20 to rent a bike for

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(5, 6)
6 hours.
6
 2. a) From the graph, the initial height of
5 sapling A is 40 centimeters and that of
4 sapling B is 20 centimeters.
3 b) Sapling B. The graph of sapling B passes
(0, 2)
2 through (0, 20) and (4, 40).
1 40  20 20
Slope 5  5
x 40 4
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
So, the growth for sapling B is
5 centimeters.
The graph of sapling A passes through
(0, 40) and (3, 50).
Slope 5 50  40  10  3 1
30 3 3
So, the growth of sapling A is
1
3 centimeters.
3
166  Answers

MIF_ExtraPractice_C3_Ch01-06_Ans.indd 166 30/03/12 9:00 AM

  3. a) From the graph, the vertical intercept Brain@Work
is 100. It represents the initial rental  1. a) Let the speed of the bus as it passes the
charges of the concert hall. stop be a meters per second.
b) The graph passes through (0, 100) and The area under the speed-time graph is
(6, 400). the distance traveled by the bus. So, the
Slope 5 400  100  300  50 area is 50 square units.
60 6 Area of trapezium 5 50
The slope represents the hourly rental 1
charges of the concert hall. It is $50.     (5 2 0)(a 1 8) 5 50
2
 4. a) From the graph, the initial amount of 5(a  8)
water in container P is 1,000 milliliters      5 50
2
and that in container Q is 800 milliliters. 5(a  8)
     ? 2 5 50 ? 2
b) The graph of P passes through (0, 1,000) 2
and (40, 400).  5(a 1 8) 5 100
Slope of P 5 1,000  400  600  15  
5(a  8)

100
0  40 40 5 5
The graph of Q passes through (0, 800)    a 1 8 5 20
and (40, 400).
a 1 8 2 8 5 20 2 8
800  400 400
Slope of Q 5   10 a 5 12
0  40 40
So, the speed of the bus as it passes the
15 milliliters of water is leaking from
stop is 12 meters per second.
container P per minute while 10 milliliters
of water is leaking from container Q per b) Rate of slowing down 5 slope of the
minute. So, container P has a bigger hole. graph
 5. a) y 12  8

Height of Candle 05
4

9      5
8     5 20.8
7 The rate of deceleration is 0.8 meter per
Height of Candle (in.)

6 square second.
5 c) An equation of the line is y 5 20.8t 1 12.
4 2. a) The speed of the car is increasing.
3 b) The car is slowing down.
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2 c) The car is not moving.

1
d) The speed of the car is increasing.
x
0 1 2 3 4 e) The car is slowing down.
Time (h)
f) The car is not moving.

b) From the graph, the vertical intercept Cumulative Practice for Chapters 3 to 4
is 9. It represents the initial height of   1. 3(2x 2 4) 2 7 5 23
the candle.  6x 2 12 2 7 5 23
97     6x 2 19 5 23
c) Slope 5  2
01 6x 2 19 1 19 5 23 1 19
The slope represents the rate at which        6x 5 42
the candle burns. 6x 42

d) y 5 mx 1 b 6 6
9 5 0(22) 1 b x57
b59
An equation of the line is y 5 22x 1 9.
  Extra Practice Course 3A  167

MIF_ExtraPractice_C3_Ch01-06_Ans.indd 167 30/03/12 9:00 AM