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Combustibles:
A combustible combines with excess oxygen in an
explosive to achieve oxygen balance, to
prevent the formation of nitrous oxides (toxic fumes),
and to lower the heat of the explosion.
Antacids:
Antacids are added to an explosive compound to increase its
long term storage life, and to reduce the acidic value of the
explosive base, particularly nitroglycerin (NG).
Antifreeze:
Antifreeze is used to lower the freezing point of the explosive.
Detonation Pressure :
It is a measure of the product's shock wave energy, influenced
by the product's density(latent energy) and detonation velocity
(rate of energy release).
HIGH
EXPLOSIVES
LOW
EXPLOSIVES
It is a mixture of 75 % potassium
nitrate,
15% charcoal and 10% sulphur.
It is cheap and excellent explosive ,
still it is used to considerable extent ,
in spite of number of new explosives
are available .
A small spark is sufficient to explode
the whole mass . It as some desirable
properties . It is not good for coal
mines because it produces flame
which can ignite gas and coal , dust
particles and it also prodce CO gas .
( it is harmful for human beings )
Uses : for blasting, in shells, igniters
for propellants, practice bombs.
TYPES :- Secondary
Explosives
Primary
Explosives
NaNH2+N2O NaN3+H2O
( Sodium azide )
2NaN3+Pb(OAc)2 Pb(N3)2+2NaOAc
( Lead azide )
Lead azide decomposes exothermically
Pb(N3)2 Pb+3N2
LEAD STYPHNATE :
Lead styphnate is particularly sensitive to fire and the
discharge of static electricity.When the styphnate is dry, it
can readily ignite by static discharges from
the human body.The longer and narrower the crystals, the
more susceptible the material is to static electricity. Lead
styphnate does not react with metals. It is less sensitive to
shock and fiction than lead azide
Lead styphnate is slightly soluble in water and methyl
alcohol and may be neutralized by a solution of sodium
carbonate. The velocity of detonation is
approximately 17,000 fps. The color of lead styphnate
varies from yellow to brown. Lead styphnate is used as an
initiating explosive in propellant primer and high-explosive
detonator devices.
(CH2)6N4+4HNO3 (CH2NNO2)3+NH4NO3+3CH2O
Cyclonite
C4 ( PLASTIC
EXPLOSIVE)
Blasting gelatin
This is the strongest commercially used dynamites. This is a
rubbery mixture of 91.5% N.G and 8% guncotton and 0.5%
CaCO3. it is highly water resistant and is recommended for
making shaft in hard rock, shooting oil wells, submarine blastings
,etc. its fumes are objectionable for underground mining.
It is gel like and highly water resistant. It doesn't flow but stick
well in to holes in which it is loaded.
It can be used in wet condition and thus, meets the demand for
non freezing dynamite use in weather.
Their chief use are submarine blasting , tunnel driving, deep well
shooting at place where the maximum shattering effects are
desired.
Hritik Kumar & Easha Das (DHGSU) 54
BLASTING
GELATIN
58
CASES:-
Some famous bomb blast cases in India:-
Bombay bomb blast case,1993 (Explosive-RDX filled vehicle bomb
and suitcase bomb,hand grenade)
Indian Parliament attack,2001 (Explosive-Grenade and AK 47 rifle)
J&K legislative Assembly attack,2001 (Explosive-IEDs Suicide
bomb)
Akshardham temple attack,2002(Explosive-Grenade and AK47)
Mumbai train blast,2006 (Explosive-pressure cooker bomb)
Hyderabad Twin bomb blast case,2007 (Explosive IED made with
Ammonium nitrate, Neogel 90
Delhi serial blast,2008(Explosive-Ammonium nitrate based bomb
tied to Integrated circuit with timer)
Assam serial blast.2008(Explosive-RDX,TNT,PETN)
Jaipur bombing, 2008 (Explosive- bicycle bomb, Ammonium nitrate,
RDX)
Pune bomb blast,2010 (Explosive -IED )
26/11 Terror attack Mumbai,2008(weapon AK-47, Explosive- RDX
,IED, Grenade)
The Pulwama attack, 2019 (Explosive-high grade RDX) etc.
http://web.mst.edu/~dludlow/classes/che258/Reactive%2
0and%20Explosive%20Materials.ppt
https://www.ibanet.org/Document/Default.aspx?Documen
tUid=E1C79314-3A7B-404B-8420-57574B852DD2
https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npsg/explo
sives/Chapter2.pdf
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