Name: Ester Intan Sukma

ID: 11190002
Global Leadership – Week 13

Perception & Leadership

Leadership responsibility to make a decision is influence by perception.
The psychology of judgement and decision making

Picture 1= I see, is that rabbit when we see rotate or move to the right and duck when
we see without rotate side.
Picture 2= I see is two faces, and for black part is vase.
Picture 3= I see is old lady and young lady.
Picture 4= I see the triangle is 8 triangles.
Picture 5= I see donkey and sea lion.
Picture 6= the picture is moving when we see in detail.
Picture 7= the line is longer and shorter.
Picture 8= black side circle is the same size, we called background effect because of the
characteristics of background.
Picture 9= The picture is moving down.
Picture 10= I see zebra.

What is Perception?
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in
order to give meaning to their environment.
Like human being have five sensors.
Eyes to sight
Nose to smell
Mouth to taste
Ears to sound
Skins to touch.
Reality to our sensory system.
Why is Perception important?
Perceived reality vs Real reality
-People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, rather than reality
itself.
-The world that is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.

-Point of View:
Like we See from a whole video or pictures and then we understand.

Shortcuts in Judging Others:

-Selective Perception
 -People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interest,
background, experience, and attitudes.
-Halo Effect
-Drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single
characteristic.
-Contrast Effects
-Evaluations of a person’s characteristics that are affected by comparisons with
other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same
characteristics.
-Projection
-Attributing one’s own characteristics to other people
-Stereotyping
-Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that
person belongs.

Leadership Implications
-Employment Interview
-Perceptual judgements involved in interview
-Poor agreement among interviewers
-Early impression
-Performance Evaluation
-Subjective judgmental processes
-Vulnerable to various errors and biases.
-Performance Expectations
-People’s attempts to validate their perceptions of reality
-Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (Pygmalion Effect)
-People’s expectations determine their behavior.
-Example: elementary school students’ academic performance.
-Employee Effort
-An individual’s future in an organization is usually not dependent on
performance alone.
 -An assessment of an individual’s effort is a subjective judgment susceptible
perceptual distortions and biases.

Perception & Leadership:

All the key leadership activities (e.g. communicating with others; rating others for
hiring, firing, performance appraisal, promotion, investments; budgeting; expenditures.
Etc.) depend on our ability to make good judgements and decisions.
Judgements= perception = emotions, prases, mistakes.