Auto Transformer

Date 2017-08-05 04:05:16

Auto transformer basics

 Normal transformers have two winding placed on two different sides i.e. primary
and secondary. In Auto Transformer, one single winding is used as primary
winding as well as secondary winding i.e primary and secondary shares the
common single winding. The primary is electrically connected to the secondary,
as well as magnetically coupled to it. Auto transformers are often used to step
up or step down voltages up to 240 V range. An auto transformer has a single
winding with two end terminals and always having one terminal in common with
the primary voltage. The primary voltage is applied across two of the terminals,
and the secondary voltage is taken from two terminals. The auto transformer
develops a voltage in proportion to its number of turns since the volts-per-turn is
the same in both windings. In an auto-transformer part of the current flows
directly from the input to the output and the remaining part is obtained by
transformer action, therefore, an auto transformer work a the voltage regulator.

Auto transformer working

The winding AB is called as primary winding having total turn N1. The winding is
tapped from the point C as shown in the figure, now the winding BC becomes
secondary winding having the number of turns N2.

Auto Transformer
Let V1 voltage is applied across "A & C" Therefore voltage per turn in the
winding is = \(\frac{V_{1}}{N_{1}}\) And the voltage across the "B&C" of the
winding is = \(\frac{V_{1}}{N_{1}}×N_{2}\) This \(\frac{V_{1}}{N_{1}}×N_{2}\) is
equal to voltage V2  as shown in the figure. Hence, \(\frac{V_{1}}
{N_{1}}×N_{2}=V_{2}\) If no-load current and iron losses are neglected then ⇒\
(\frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}=\frac{N_{{2}}}{N_{1}}\) = Constant =K Here the value of
constant ′K′ is nothing but voltage ratio  of the auto transformer. Load current
I2 starts flowing ,when load is connected between secondary terminals i.e.
between ′B′ and ′C′. The current in the secondary winding i.e "B & C"  is the
difference of I2 & I1  where (I2 > I1).

Saving of Copper in Auto-Transformer:

The weight of conductor for any winding depends upon two parameters:

 Current carried by the winding

 Number of turns required in the winding

Hence the weight of conductor is proportional to the product of the number of

turns and current to be carried i.e MMF. The weight of copper in auto-
transformer = weight of copper in section AC + weight of copper in section
CB. ⇒weight of copper in section AC ∝ (N1 - N2)I1 ⇒weight of copper in
section BC ∝ N2 (I2 - I1) ⇒Weight of copper in auto-transformer =  (N1 - N2)I1 +
N2 (I2 - I1) ⇒N1I1 - N2I1 + N2I2 - N2I1 ⇒N1I1 - 2N2I1 + N2I2 ⇒2N1I1 - 2N2I1
(∵ N1I1 = N2I2 ) ⇒2(N1I1 - N2I1) The weight of copper in two winding transformers
is ∝ N1I1 - N2I2 ∴ N1I1 - N2I2 ⇒ 2N1I1 (∵ N1I1 = N2I2 ) Let's the weight of copper in
auto transformer is (Wa) and the weight of copper in an ordinary transformer is
(Wo) Hence \(\frac{W_{a}}{W_{o}} =\frac{2(N_{1}I_{1} - N_{2}I_{1})}{2N_1I_1}\)
⇒ \(1-\frac{N_{2}}{N_{1}}\) = 1 - K ∴Wa = Wo(1 - K) ⇒Wa = Wo - KWo ∴ Saving of
copper = Wo - Wa = KWo  ∴ Saving of copper = K × Weight of copper in ordinary
transformer

Auto transformer advantages and disadvantages

Auto transformer advantages
⇒ auto transformer is smaller in size and cheaper ⇒Less ohmic loss and core
loss due to reduction of transformer material therefore auto-transformer has
higher efficiency. ⇒Voltage drop in resistance and reactance is less in single
winding therefore auto-transformer has higher voltage regulation as compared
to conventional two winding transformer of the same rating.

Auto transformer disadvantages

1. It has no isolation between the windings, so in case of faults or transients,
the effect is transferred to the other side.
2. It is used for small applications, and can't be used for heavy switching
applications.
3.  Because of Low short circuit impedance value, short circuit currents can
reach higher critical value.
4. In star-star connected auto transformer have common neutral therefore it
is not possible to neutral only one side of the auto transformer.

Auto transformer applications

1. It is used as control equipment in for 1-phase or 3-phase electrical
locomotive.
2. To give the small boost to the distribution cable to correct the voltage drop.
3. Auto transformer is used for starting induction or synchronous motor as it
gives 50 to
60{e3f30b17d1e2ee29a456ac094afcdceaab760d87d11dd966225a50cd59
ff675b} full voltage to an induction motor.

Metadata

swp_pinterest_image_url
swp_cache_timestamp
tie_views
tie_post_head
rank_math_primary_category
rank_math_title
rank_math_description
rank_math_focus_keyword
rank_math_robots
rank_math_internal_links_processed
rank_math_analytic_object_id
420711
227
standard
543
Auto transformer basic, auto transformer
advantages,disadvantage
In auto transformer one single winding is used as primary as
well as secondary.. Auto transformer advantages and
disadvantages,Auto transformer applications
Auto transformer working, Auto transformer advantages,
Auto transformer disadvantages, Auto transformer basics,
auto transformer application
Array
1
260