PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

LABORATORY
MODULE 01
Fuselage, Wings and
Stabilizing Surfaces

AE 221 – AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Laboratory Activity No. 1 4

Laboratory Activity No. 2 6

Laboratory Activity No. 3 13

Laboratory Activity No. 4 16

Laboratory Project 18

TABLE OF REFERENCES

References No.

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration. (2016).

Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. Washington, D.C. 1
:The Administration : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributed]

U.S Federal Aviation Administration. (2018). Aviation Maintenance

Technician Handbook – Airframe Volume 1, US Department of 2
Transportation

Federal Aviation Administration. (2018). Aviation Maintenance

Technician Handbook – Airframe Volume 2, US Department of 3
Transportation

Jeppesen; A Boeing Company. (2011). A&P Technician Airframe

4
Textbook

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 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Course Learning Outcomes [CLO]

Module Learning Outcomes [MLO]

CLO 1. Understand the
fundamental technical aspects, Topic Learning Outcomes [TLO]
principles of operation, design MLO 1. Identify the illustrated
features and construction of parts of aircraft fuselage, wings and
different airframe systems and its stabilizers through sectional views TLO 9. Recall/Classify/Label the
components. components of the structural parts
MLO 2. Demonstrate the technical and system components of an
CLO 2. Interpret the design knowledge in fuselage, wings and aircraft through visual illustrations.
principles and operation of different stabilizing surfaces construction by (Actual View and Sectional View)
airframe systems to the context of making an aircraft scaled model.
inspection, service, repair and
maintenance of these systems. TLO 10. Apply the knowledge by
creating an aircraft scaled model by
choosing either monocoque, semi-
CLO 6. Demonstrate an in-depth monocoque or truss type fuselage
technical knowledge of different construction.
aircraft systems and its operations.

CLO 7. Apply cognitive reasoning

skills to aircraft systems analysis
and troubleshooting.

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 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 1

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the questions carefully and determine what is required.
2. Write your signature over your printed name on the honesty clause box shown below.
3. You can “save as pdf” or either print then scan the following pages of this laboratory activity and write your answers
on the space provided. Minimize your erasures.
4. If you have further questions, ask it only to your Instructor.

HONESTY CLAUSE

As a student of Philippine State College of Aeronautics, I hereby pledge to act ethically and
uphold the values of academic integrity, honor and excellence. I certify on my honor that I
have neither given nor received assistance from anyone in completing this assessment.

I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments, activities and examinations

will be reported to the appropriate office and if established will result in disciplinary action in
accordance with the rules, policies and procedures by the College.

Amiel Janzen T. Magnaye

_______________________________
Signature over Printed Name

I. ATA Chapters
Identify the correct ATA Chapter Number or ATA Chapter Name of the following. Write your
complete answer on the space provided. Wrong spelling is considered as wrong.
Oxygen
_________________________ 1. ATA Chapter 35
ATA Chapter 57
_________________________ 2. Wings
ATA Chapter 28
_________________________ 3. Fuel
Flight Contols
_________________________ 4. ATA Chapter 27
ATA Chapter 05
_________________________ 5. Time Limits/Maintenance Checks
Equipment/Furnishing
_________________________ 6. ATA Chapter 25
ATA Chapter 21
_________________________ 7. Air Conditioning
Parking, Mooring, Storage, and Return to Service
_________________________ 8. ATA 10
Ice and Rain Protetcion
_________________________ 9. ATA Chapter 30
ATA Chapter 33
_________________________ 10. Lights
Airborne Auxiliary Protection
_________________________ 11. ATA Chapter 49
ATA Chapter 16
_________________________ 12. Fire Protection
Stabilizers
_________________________ 13. ATA Chapter 55
ATA Chapter 37
_________________________ 14. Vacuum

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 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

Nacelles/Pylons
_________________________ 15. ATA Chapter 54
Pneumatic
_________________________ 16. ATA Chapter 36
Standard Practices-Engine
_________________________ 17. ATA Chapter 70
ATA Chapter 32
_________________________ 18. Landing gear
Hydraulic Power
_________________________ 19. ATA Chapter 29
ATA Chapter 08
_________________________ 20. Levelling and Weighing

II. Aircraft Major Structural Zones

Identify the correct major structural zone on the following aircraft structural components.
Write your answer inside the box provided. (Ex. Zone 100)

Zone 300

Zone 300
Zone 300
Zone 600 Zone 500

Zone 400
Zone 400
Zone 700 Zone 700 Zone 700

Zone 300

Zone 800 Zone 200

Zone 100

Zone 100 Zone 800

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 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 2

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the questions carefully and determine what is required.
2. Write your signature over your printed name on the honesty clause box shown below.
3. You can “save as pdf” or either print then scan the following pages of this laboratory activity and write your answers
on the space provided. Minimize your erasures.
4. If you have further questions, ask it only to your Instructor.

HONESTY CLAUSE

As a student of Philippine State College of Aeronautics, I hereby pledge to act ethically and
uphold the values of academic integrity, honor and excellence. I certify on my honor that I
have neither given nor received assistance from anyone in completing this assessment.

I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments, activities and examinations

will be reported to the appropriate office and if established will result in disciplinary action in
accordance with the rules, policies and procedures by the College.

Amiel Janzen T. Magnaye

_______________________________
Signature over Printed Name

Aircraft Fuselage Construction

Identify the correct components for the following aircraft fuselage constructions shown
below. Write your answer inside the box provided.

bulkhead stringers

Figure 1

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

longerons

struts

longerons

Figure 2

Truss Type Framework

Type of fuselage construction for Figure 1 & Figure 2: ____________________________

skin former

bulkhead

Figure 3

Monocoque Construction
Type of fuselage construction for Figure 3: ____________________________

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

frame longeron

skin

stringer bulkhead

Figure 4

frame
stringers

fomer

skin

Figure 5

Semi-Monocoque Construction
Type of fuselage construction for Figure 4 & Figure 5: ____________________________

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

Aircraft Mainplane / Wing Construction

Identify the correct components for the following aircraft mainplane/wing constructions
shown below. Write your answer inside the box provided.

wing flap

spa

aileron

fuel tank

skin

ribs

stringers wing tip

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

ribs rear spar

nose ribs

front spar

stringer

ribs

skin

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

flange

spar
ribs

stringers
skin

spar

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

Aircraft Tailplane / Empennage Construction

Identify the correct components for the following aircraft tailplane/empennage construction
shown below. Write your answer inside the box provided.

stabilizer (vertical)

stabilizer (horizontal)

rudder

trim tabs

elevator

stringer

rib

spar skin

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 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 3

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the questions carefully and determine what is required.
2. Write your signature over your printed name on the honesty clause box shown below.
3. You can “save as pdf” or either print then scan the following pages of this laboratory activity and write your answers
on the space provided. Minimize your erasures.
4. If you have further questions, ask it only to your Instructor.

HONESTY CLAUSE

As a student of Philippine State College of Aeronautics, I hereby pledge to act ethically and
uphold the values of academic integrity, honor and excellence. I certify on my honor that I
have neither given nor received assistance from anyone in completing this assessment.

I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments, activities and examinations

will be reported to the appropriate office and if established will result in disciplinary action in
accordance with the rules, policies and procedures by the College.

Amiel Janzen T. Magnaye

_______________________________
Signature over Printed Name

Different Airplane Tailplane/Empennage Design

Identify the different types of aircraft tailplane/empennage designs as shown in the figures.
Write your answer inside the box provided.
Also provide an advantage and a disadvantage of each tailplane/empennage design. Write
your answer on the blank page provided after the set of figures. (Use an extra answer sheet
if necessary.)

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

conventional T-tail Cruciform tail

Dual tail/H-tail triple tail v-tail

inverted v-tail inverted y-tail twin tail

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

Conventional
A: good with stability and control
____________________________________________________________________________
D: Rear engine can't go with this tail
____________________________________________________________________________
T-tail
A: has less downwash and less buffering
____________________________________________________________________________
D: this tail is prone to stalling at high angles of attack
____________________________________________________________________________
Cruciform
____________________________________________________________________________
A: weighs lighter and has rear engine access
D:it doesn't have a surface area advantage
____________________________________________________________________________
V-tail
____________________________________________________________________________
A:it can control the surfaces deflect in the same direction in the function of elevator in opposite direction
of the rudder
____________________________________________________________________________
D: elevator and rudder input mechanics are more complicated
____________________________________________________________________________
Twin Tail
____________________________________________________________________________
A: has natural stability and improved through vortex formation
D: it's not blanketed even with high angles of attack
____________________________________________________________________________
Dual tail
____________________________________________________________________________
A: it's more stable and has easier control
D: weighs heavier
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Inverted Y Tail
A: it keeps the prop off the ground
____________________________________________________________________________
D: it limits the takeoff and landing pitch angles
____________________________________________________________________________
V-tail
A: lighter and has less wetted surface area, so thus produces less induced and parasitic drag
____________________________________________________________________________
D: require longer rear fuselages than aircraft with conventional empennages to prevent yawing
____________________________________________________________________________
Triple Tail:
____________________________________________________________________________
A: more smart looking
D: heavier because as the horizontal stabilizer would have needed to be stronger. Plus more complex
____________________________________________________________________________
control runs due to three rudders.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

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 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 4

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
5. Read the questions carefully and determine what is required.
6. Write your signature over your printed name on the honesty clause box shown below.
7. You can “save as pdf” or either print then scan the following pages of this laboratory activity and write your answers
on the space provided. Minimize your erasures.
8. If you have further questions, ask it only to your Instructor.

HONESTY CLAUSE

As a student of Philippine State College of Aeronautics, I hereby pledge to act ethically and
uphold the values of academic integrity, honor and excellence. I certify on my honor that I
have neither given nor received assistance from anyone in completing this assessment.

I understand that suspected misconduct on given assignments, activities and examinations

will be reported to the appropriate office and if established will result in disciplinary action in
accordance with the rules, policies and procedures by the College.

Amiel Janzen T. Magnaye

_______________________________
Signature over Printed Name

Aircraft Flight Deck Windows Construction

Identify the different components of an aircraft flight deck windows as shown in the figure.
Write your answer inside the box provided.

Heating Element

bolts
toughened glass
vinyl interlayer
toughened glass

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 PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

Aircraft Passenger Cabin Windows Construction

Identify the different components of an aircraft passenger cabin windows as shown in the figure.
Write your answer inside the box provided

doubler
window frame

outer pane

inner seal

inner pane

doubler

skin

Essay
Why does the shape of the passenger cabin windows on modern airplanes are rounded or
elliptical? Why can’t it be a square or any shape that has edges? Explain and discuss your
answer. (Use an extra answer sheet if necessary.)
____________________________________________________________________________
The rounded sides makes it harder for the pressure or the stress to crack the window because it easily
distributes the stress around the pane and the chances of it breaking, shattering, cracking is lessened.
____________________________________________________________________________
Rounded sides also resist deformation and are stronger than regular rectangle/square shaped windows,
____________________________________________________________________________
with this, it can survive the difference of the pressure of air inside and outside the aircraft.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

LABORATORY PROJECT

Create an aircraft model made from recyclable materials with a minimum dimensions of
12 inches for the wingspan and 12 inches for the overall length. The basic structural
components of the wings and empennage section (i.e spars, ribs, stringers) must be
shown.

You are going to choose what type of fuselage construction you are going to use. It can
be either a framework/truss type construction, a monocoque construction or a semi-
monocoque construction. Upon choosing what type of construction you are going to use,
make sure that the basic components of that fuselage construction must be present in
your aircraft scaled model.

For example in truss type structure, light gauge steel tubes must be shown by means of
skewers or barbeque sticks. In monocoque construction there must be at least
frames/formers and skin. For semi-monocoque, there should be at least stringers,
frames/formers and skin.

For monocoque and semi-monocoque fuselage constructions, the aircraft skin needs to
be minimized or does not needed to be put on the entire structure so that the internal
structural components of the aircraft model can also be seen.

You can use cardboards, illustration boards, skewers or barbeque sticks as primary
material. But you can also choose your own materials based on what is only available in
your respective households.

Landing gears and powerplant section are not required but can be also attached upon
your discretion. It needs to be at least on a stand for display purposes.

Provide a documentation report regarding the process on how did you make your own
aircraft scaled model. Do not spend so much money for this project. Expense report must
also be provided.

Provide at least a 5-minute video showing your aircraft scaled model and discussing the
basic components of the fuselage construction you have chosen and also the
components of the wings and tailplane. Explain briefly the purpose of the following
components of the fuselage, wings and empennage. Make it presentable as possible.

Kindly see photos shown for your reference and example.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Laboratory Module 1: Fuselage, Wings and Stabilizing Surfaces

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