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VNIVERSITY 0F1 DAR ES SALAAl\'.[
ENT OF CHEMICAL & MINING ENGINEERING
DEPART~ ring Thermodynamics 3 January 2019
CP 203: Engwcc
STRUCTIONS: /
•!• Time allocated 120 minutes •!• •:• Figut·cs a~d [ables of properties are provided ,
Answer all questions •!• Unauthor1se1 materials and gadgets such as: all types or
•!• Clearly state any assumptions you make mobile phottcs anti accessories as well as other relevant unauthorise~
materials are not allowed in the examination
venues. 1 ~

/
:..- ....
(E;Qu~stion l (25 marks) {·.
I \

a) of the. seco.nd law of thermodynamic,s reveals that there are three types of thermodjnarn i
. Application
pA_>cesses thatcan occur without external forcing'. Mention the three processes giving one example fo
1
each. ..
b) What are the relations that compare limits of the thermal efficiencies of actual and reversible hes engines
operating between the same temperatures?
b)From the Kelvin-Plank statement of second law one can develop the clausius inequality. How does tr
natpre of the system cycle being executed in clausius inequality?
d) A system undergoes a cycle while receiving 1000 KJ by heat transfer at a temperature of 500 K an
discharges 600 KJ by heat transfer at:
' i) 200 K
,· ii) 300 K
.iii) 400 K ,
Discuss your answer by giving the nature of the cycle executed in each case.

Question 2 (30 marks) _ , . .,.

, i \ / .. ( .. ,',,.(~, ,'. ., .. _'>. ·. - - .: <r-.-.~.: .. ,I· -:·:--- -·• ._ •·.,;.- .

:,uy..:.flj:n-i,de-iil gas With a''COriStallt"Specific heat 'Cp, is heated reversibly at constant pressure until its absolu
· i · temperature doubles. Then it is expanded reversibly and adiabatically until the temperature returns th 1e
original value. Finally it is compressed isothermqlly and reversibly until the original state is reache
.i) Sketch the T-s diagram of the process. \
ii) Find the thermal efficiency of this cycle. )
, I .
I
b) A vapour-compression refrigeration system circulates Refrigerant 134a at a rate of 6 kg/min. T
/ refrigerant enters the compressor at -10°C, 1.4 bars, and exits at 7 bars. The isentropic com press
/
'V ,
efficiency is 67%. There are no appreciable pressure drops as the refrigerant flows through t condenser and
evaporator. The refrigerant leaves the condenser at 7 bars, 24°C. Ignoring heat trans

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I

between the compressor and its surroundings, determine:

i) The coefficient of performance
b) The refrigerating capacity, in tons .
c) The irreversibility rates of the compressor .
iv) .. The irreversibility rates of the expansion valve( .. ,....,,, .
I

v) Tfie changes in specific flow availability of tf(e refrigerant passing thro1ugh ihe ev;por~tOr ,
, condenser, respectively, each in k.1/kg.. t · -- '\ . ·
Let To= 21 °C, Po= l bar.
(
 b)

uestion 3 (20 rnarks)

· K · originally at a temperature
A bJock of metal of 5 kg and specific heat ·Q.45 kJ/kg is .
· · · b h block and the surrounding at
1soo°C. A reversible heat engme IS run etween t e .
30°c. Calculate the work extracted by engine. ·
b) A block of metal of 5 kg and specific heat ~rt.45 kJ/kgK is cooled from 0°C to -20°C by
means of a reversible heat pump rejecting heat to the surroundings at temperature . 30°c.
Calculate the power ,required operat~;the system.
c) Two block~ of metal, each ·of mass 2 kg and specific heat o.s kJ/kg K are brought to the
same temperature by means of transf ~rrihg heat between them and using the heat
- ·, l to· 'produce work in a reversible heat engine (Figure I). Initially bfock A is at
temperature 300 K. and block B is at a temperature 500 K. Calculate the fmal temperature of
the blocks and the entropy change of each block.

d
W

B.: .. ;
:

Figure 1: Two blocks of metal connected by a reversibl_e heat engine ~Question ~ (25.

marks) . . .

a) Moist air enters a duct at I 0°C, 80% relative humidity, and volumetric
flow rate of 150 m3/min.
The mixture is heated asit flows through the duct and exits at 30°C. No moisture is added or
removed, and the mixture pressure remains approximately constant at 1 bar. For steady state
operation, determine:
i) The rate of heat transfer, in kJ/min,
b) The relative humidity at the exit.
Note: Change in'kinetic and potential energy can be ignored.
b) A I kc sample of moist a· · iti 11 'at 2·1°c I
ia · , atm, and 70% relative humidity is
. . •lq ,~ . . tr mi
cooled to 5 C while keeping the press· re constant. D t . . ·
idi . e ermme.
i) The initial humi 1ty ratio
t I~ I

ii) The dew point temperature I C

· iii) The amount of water vapour at condenses, in kg.