Example 1

 In order to find out the correct values of

Archie’s constants a and m, 12 rock
samples with different porosities were
tested. These samples were saturated
with brine water with Rw = 0.19 Ω.m and
resistivity values were determined as
shown:
Core
Num. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ro
Ω.m 3.8 3.42 3.23 9.5 11.4 15.2 2.47 6.65 7.6 1.9 9.12 17.5

ϕ 0.245 0.238 0.262 0.153 0.155 0.122 0.310 0.185 0.170 0.175 0.162 0.110
Example 1
 Determine the values of Archie’s
constants a and m using these samples
Solution 1
1. Calculate the formation factor (F) for
each sample where F= Ro/Rw
Core
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Num.
Ro
3.8 3.42 3.23 9.5 11.4 15.2 2.47 6.65 7.6 1.9 9.12 17.5
Ω.m
F 20 18 17 50 60 80 13 35 40 10 48 92.1

2.F= aϕ-m
Log F = Log a – m Log ϕ
Solution 1
 Slope = -m
 At ϕ = 1 log ϕ = 0 F=a
100
F

10

1
0.1 1
ϕ
Example 2
 A sandstone core sample (d= 1.9 cm, L=
3.2cm) is saturated with brine of
0.55Ω.m resistivity. The core was
desaturated in steps and the following
resistance values were recorded for
each saturation:

Sw 1 0.9 0.8 0.73 0.64 0.56 0.48 0.375 0.35 0.30

r,Ω 521 678 913 1151 1510 2255 3135 5270 6820 10400
Example 2
 Determine:
i. Rock sample porosity
ii. Water saturation exponent

Given that a = 0.81 and m = 2 for

sandstone
Solution 2
1. Calculate the resistivity for each
saturation from the resistance where
R = r A/L

Sw 1 0.9 0.8 0.73 0.64 0.56 0.48 0.375 0.35 0.3

r,Ω 521 678 913 1151 1510 2255 3135 5270 6820 10400

R,Ω .m 4.616 6.007 8.089 10.198 13.379 19.98 27.777 46.694 60.427 92.147
Solution 2
F = Ro/Rw =a/ϕ-m
Where Ro = 4.616 Ω.m as Sw = 100%
F = 8.393
Φ = 31%
Solution 2
 The water saturation exponent can be 100

determined by 2 methods
1. Sw = ( F Rw/Rt)1/n
I“Not good for averaging” 10

2. I = Rt/Ro = 1/Swn
Log I = -n LogSw
1
Where
0.1 slope = n 1
Sw
Example 3
 The porosity in a water sand is 0.25 and
Rw = 0.03 Ω.m and Rmf = 1.81 Ω.m @
formation temperature and the resistivity
from an induction log reads 0.40 Ω.m in
virgin zone all occupied by water and 24
in flushed zone (a, m and n are 0.81, 2,
2).
Example 3
 Determine:
1. Formation resistivity factor in virgin
zone
2. Formation resistivity factor in flushed
zone, comment on your results
3. If Rt = 4 Ω.m and Rxo = 40 Ω.m, Find
out Sw and Sxo
Solution 3
1. F = Ro/Rw
=13.3
2. F = Rxo/ Rmf
= 13.26
Both are equal as the formation resistivity
is formation property.
Solution 3
3.By applying the saturation rules directly:
Sw = ( F Rw/Rt )0.5
= 31.2%
Sxo = ( F Rmf/Rxo )0.5
=76.7 %