Grid station report of internship at IESCO

3.2.5.6. Forced oil and water (OWF) cooling

In this type of cooling oil flow with water cooling of the oil in external water heat exchanger takes place.
The water is circulated in cooling tubes in the heat exchanger.

4. CONCLUSION
Now from this report one can conclude that electricity plays an important role in our life. At the
end of the training, I came to know about the various parts of substations and how they are
operated. Also I learnt about how transmission is done in various parts of Pakistan especially in
Islamabad.

As evident from the report, a substation plays a very important role in the transmission system.
That’s why various protective measures are taken to protect the substations from various faults
and its smooth functioning. Power Transmission Corporation of IESCO takes such steps so that
a uniform and stable supply of electricity can reach in every part of this state.

Awareness of the causes and their effects through management of grid station itself would
reduce the system irregularities to some extent. All these difficulties ultimately lead to a low
voltage profile in the system.

The poor voltage profile causes loss of equipments and energy. Thus, maintenance of the
voltage profile to keep the consumer voltage at the declared level allowing the deviation wi thin
the permissible limits would keep the losses at control. The consumer voltage may be kept at
the desired level by controlling one or more of the following variable on which it is dependent.

Adequate Size of Conductors is required for Distribution lines and installation of Distribution
transformers nearer to load centers. High Power Factor of Primary and secondary distribution
system are started in different area of country. Feeder phase current and load balancing while
load factor should be increased to control low power and energy losses by transformer Sizing
(based on load) and Selection (core material). Switching off transformers in period of low
demands and maximum demand indication (MDI) time. Due to more consumption we should
need more power generation to full fill our demand. So by using different economical and
reliable method to generate power for different type of customer like power generation
through:

 Hydel Generation
 Thermal Generation
 Nuclear Power Generation
 Wind Energy
 Coal Reserves
 Biomass Energy and Solar energy

Grid station components and their functioning

Grid station report of internship at IESCO

References
1. www.slidshare.com
2. www.google.com/wikipedia/energy/gridstation
3. www.enerysources.com
4. www.iesco.com
5. www.ntdc.com
6. www.usaid.com

Grid station components and their functioning