Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 2. For questions 6-14, listen to a report about ways to get into a British university and supply
the blanks with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from
the recording for each answer in the space provided.
University applicants can choose from ten of thousands of (6)___________________________.
Students may take A-levels or (7)___________________________ or a mixture of both.
Others may study full-time or two years to obtain a(n) (8)___________________________.
Students with poor A-level results may do (9)___________________________.
The new (10)___________________________ combines academic study with work-based training.
Mature students should contact (11)___________________________ directly.
(12)___________________________ courses are available at further education colleges.
Sponsorship is a way of obtaining (13)___________________________ and work experience.
To sum up, studying to degree level is a(n) (14)___________________________.
Part 3. For questions 15-19, listen to a discussion between two environmentalists, Ken Forbes and
Maggie Dimas, who are talking about cars of the future and cyclists and choose the correct
answer A, B, C, or D which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
15. What main point does Ken make about the driverless cars?
A. They will mean that cyclists will be in more danger.
B. They will make punishments for drivers redundant.
C. They will ensure that cyclists remain unharmed.
D. They will be perfect in every way but construction.
16. When discussing the implications of driverless cars, Maggie reveals
A. that non-drivers, not driverless vehicles, might be the biggest problem.
B. that she is frightened by the idea of cars having no driver.
C. her doubt that increased road regulations will guarantee safety.
D. her concern that Ken is too optimistic about the future.
17. On what subject do Ken and Maggie share a common view?
A. Non-drivers will use the driving lanes if given the chance.
B. Traditional street lights must not be removed.
C. The jobs of those in charge will become more difficult.
D. Automatic braking systems will save many lives.
18. When discussing driverless cars and research, both environmentalists
A. acknowledge that various organisations are involved in it.
B. agree that the Google organisation is leading the way.
C. suggest there are still many design problems to be solved.
D. admit they cannot predict when driverless cars will be marketable.
19. What can be inferred from Ken’s closing remarks?
A. He feels driverless technology will have a positive effect on cyclists.
B. He is certain that special laws will be needed to make driverless cars safe.
C. He is in two minds about how driverless technology will affect cyclists.
D. He believes faster cars will pose a threat to both passengers and cyclists.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to a talk about trade war and supply the blanks with the
missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for
each answer in the space provided.
Trade war means higher price on a variety of products. For example, costs of imported
production materials such as steel and aluminum will be raised, but actually this will probably take a
toll on 20. _______________________. The resulting effects for involved countries are market
fluctuations and unemployment.
Trade war can be started with the introduction of tariffs which aim to defense and 21.
_______________________ ; however, their effectiveness remains in question while 22.
________________________ may accompany. The levy on imported Canadian steel and aluminum
by the US is considered 23. ____________________ and ____________________ as quoted with
strong disapproval from the female speaker.
Despite seemingly bright prospects in the G7 summit, Trump’s statement came as a bombshell,
which abandoned all the previous efforts to solve the trade conflict. Subsequently, Canada and EU
countries have planned to take revenge on America with 24. _______________________.
In fact, trade war can only cause casualties and the issue should come up for further discussion until
an agreement on 25. _______________________ has been reached.
PART II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (30 points)
I. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. (20 points)
1. Every time there is a scandal in show biz, sales of tabloid newspapers ______.
A. cement B. speculate C. skyrocket D. stumble
2. The young model is very attractive and has the most _____ blue eyes I have ever seen.
A. mesmerizing B. archival C. reminiscent D. sheer
3. During times of financial austerity consumers experience severe hardship and feelings of _____.
A. repression B. desolation C. persistence D. materialism
4. My father was in the army, so, when I was young, we were often forced to pull ______.
A. the plug B. strings C. the punches D. up stakes
5. Very often teenage boys are willing to be put through difficult challenges and ______ pain in
order to prove they are brave enough to be accepted in a gang.
A. legitimate B. agitated C. raring D. excruciating
6. The young teacher took a while to adapt to the new curriculum but eventually she felt that she
______.
A. knew the ropes B. dropped the subject
C. learned the hard way D. saved by the bell
7. The local craftsmen have a reputation for their skill in the ______ of old furniture and other used
items.
A. fracking B. sprawling C. upcycling D. poaching
8 ______ the objections of the local residents, they went ahead with the building of resort.
A. notwithstanding B. what with C. in as much as D. albeit
9. It’s important to deal with each problem as it comes up, and not allow it to ______ into something
that can no longer be fixed.
A. elevate B. escalate C. magnify D. emulate
10. As public relations officer for the charity organization, it is Kelly’s job to find celebrities who
will agree to get ______ the cause and offer their support.
A. in front of B. behind C. settled D. dropped
11. The hotel’s description in the brochure was ______ in the extreme and we were left utterly
disappointed on arrival.
A. fallacious B. pretentious C. perplexing D. erratic
12. Mrs. Smith is a ______ woman who makes all the decisions for her family.
A. determined B. despicable C. domineering D. dominant
13. My brother, who is in the army, has to suffer the ______ of army life.
A. trials B. impossibilities C. hardness D. rigours
14.Although the patient received intensive treatment, there was no________ improvement in her
condition.
A. discernible B. legible C. decipherable D. intelligible
15. The workers have been trying to negotiate better working conditions with the management, but
their requests have ______ on deaf ears.
A. landed B. fallen C. settled D. dropped
16. She is an inspiring leader, who has a gift for ______ out the best in her team.
A. seeking B. taking C. bringing D. sending
17. From thousands of young ______ pop idols who show up to audition for reality talent shows,
very few have any real talent.
A. so-called B. dogged C. unawares D. wannabe
18. We hadn’t been planning to go on holiday, but when we saw the brochure, we decided ______
that we just had to go.
A. on the spur of the moment. B. on the grape vine
C. the tip of the iceberg D. in the red
19. Don’t you think some of the speeches at the opening ceremony were a bit ______?
A. upwards B. at odds C. big time D. over the top
20. There was no doubt that the referee had gone _______ .
A. in hand B. to the law C. by the book D. on the set
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
IV. Write the correct form of the words given in the brackets. (10 points)
What Neanderthals once ate has become a(n) (1. CONTROVERSY) ______ subject among
researchers at a Catalan Institute in Spain and their fellow experts at London's Natural History
Museum in England. Apparently, research conducted by the Spaniards is (2. INDICATE)
______ of the fact that the now extinct human species has reached such levels of sophistication (at
least food-wise) that is members frequently consumed (3. MEDICINE) ______ plums and cooked
vegetables. Their proof for this (4. LIGHT) ______ insight is based on the calcified plague present
on (5. FOSSIL) ______ Neanderthals teeth found in a Spanish cave. UK researchers beg to differ,
however. They are not arguing that what was found on the teeth is plant-based They are in (6.
AGREE) ______ with Spanish (7. SPECULATE) ______ about how the plant metal got there. The
Spanish argue its source was recently chewed plants while the British maintain the source of the
plant material may have been somewhat more (8. APPETITE) ______. The London researchers
contend that the Neanderthals may have been in the habit of eating the stomach of their prey and
those stomach could have been (9. BED) ______ with pieces of plant. Based on that, the British are
claiming that the Spanish research, while not necessarily erroneous, maybe based on (10.
CONCLUDE) ______ evidence.
Your answer:
1 6
2 7
3 8
4 9
5 10
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
II. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in
each space. (15 points)
Learning Disabilities Are Up
Are learning disabilities really (1) ______ the rise or are we just more aware of them? Recent
statistics indicate that up to 10% of school-age children, that's two or three individuals in every
classroom, are thought to have (2) ______ kinds of learning disorder, the causes of which are (3)
______ complex and multiple. More worrying still are recent findings by the Science journal which
suggests that (4) ______ up to 45% of children, more than one disorder is likely. An ADHD child
(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) may also (5) ______ from dyslexia (reading and writing
disability) dyscalculia (a Maths learning disability)
Many of the learning disabilities included in the research and findings are numbered amongst of the
autistic spectrum disorders, (6) ______ would push figures to appear higher than in the past when
diagnosis was less easily (7) ______. Demographic analysis indicates also that many of the children
under six who are diagnosed are from within the higher income bracket, suggesting that parents are
likely to become more aware of potential problems and better (8) ______ to address them.
Unfortunately, despite this worrying rise, the current school system is not equipped to deal with the
greatly differing teaching methods required to address the variety of learning difficulties that the
disorders entail. The devastating result of this is leaving many children totally (9) ______ in the
basic skills required to survive in the secondary school system. The prevalence of learning
disabilities in the lower economic bracket is undisputed, yet sadly these children are more (10)
______ to have undiagnosed disabilities which will never be addressed.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions. (10 points)
Paul Bunyan is perhaps America’s best-known folk hero. A fictional
logger of incredible strength, he was most likely based on an actual
nineteenth-century logger from the northern United States or Canada. As a
Line folk hero, he struck a chord with Americans on some level, perhaps because
he was incredibly strong but also because he was hard-working and capable,
(5)
ingenious in solving problems, and fun-loving.
Though there is evidence that Paul Bunyan tales were part of oral
tradition in the nineteen century, Paul Bunyan stories did not appear in
written form until the early twentieth century. Journalist James McGillivray
included descriptions of Bunyan in a series of essay entitled “The Round
(10) River Drive” which appeared in a number of Midwestern newspapers
between 1906 and 1910. However, it was through an extensive advertising
campaign that Paul Bunyan moved solidly into print.
Recognizing the appeal of Paul Bunyan as a figure for his company’s
advertising, William Laughead, an advertising executive for the Red River
Lumber Company, initiated a campaign that consisted of a series of
(15)
publications featuring Paul Bunyan. For several decades, the company
distributed these publications free of charge and made no attempt to obtain a
copyright on them. In fact, the company vigorously encouraged other writers
to make use of Paul Bunyan because it felt that the use of this character
(20) enhanced the name recognition of the Red River Lumber Company
inasmuch as the name of the folk hero and the name of the company had
become interwoven.
The Bunyan stories published by Red River and further circulated by
others were tall tales of gigantic proportions. In these tales, Banyan is
depicted as a man of superhuman proportions, who is strong, hard-working,
entrepreneurial, and innovative. In one story, for example, Paul is credited
(25)
with digging the Great Lakes in order to create a watering hole for his giant
ox, Babe. In another of these tales, Paul caused an entire winter of blue snow
to fall by swearing a blue streak after he injured himself by smashing his
thumb with a large hammer. A third story in the series describes Paul’s role
(30) in establishing the Mississippi River.
Fascination with Paul Bunyan has continued to grow, and today he is
a standard of American folklores. The prevalence of Bunyan as a figure of
folklore today is evidenced by references to him in countless stories,
cartoons, poems, and songs as well as the numerous community festivals and
logging competitions featuring Paul Bunyan that can be found throughout
(35)
the sections of the country where logging has strong tradition.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Questions 6-10: Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage?
Write
YES if the statement agrees with the information.
NO if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
V. The passage below consists of four paragraphs marked A, B, C and D. For questions 86-95,
read the passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers in the corrresponding
numbered boxes provided.
A How often have you seen rich people take to the streets, shouting that they're earning too much?
Protesters are typically blue-collar workers yelling that the minimum wage has to go up, or that their
jobs shouldn't go overseas. Concern about fairness is always asymmetrical, stronger in the poor than
the rich. And the underlying emotions aren't as lofty as the ideal itself. Children become thoroughy
indignant at the slightest discrepancy in the size of their slice of pizza compared to their sibling's.
Their shouts of "That's not fair!" never transcend their own desires. We're all for fair play so long as
it helps us. There's even an old story about this, in which the owner of a vineyard rounded up
labourers at different times of the day. Early in the morning, he went out to find labourers, offering
each 1 denarius. But he offered the same to those hired later in the day. The workers hired first thing
in the morning expected to get more since they had worked through the heat of the day, yet the
owner didn't feel he owed them any more than he had originally promised.
B That this sense of unfairness may turn out to be quite ancient in evolutionary terms as well became
clear when graduate student Sarah Brosnan and I discovered it in monkeys. When testing pairs of
capuchin monkeys, we noticed how much they disliked seeing their partner get a better deal. We
would offer a pebble to one of the pair and then hold out a hand so that the monkey could give it
back in exchange for a cucumber slice. Alternating between them, both monkeys would happily
barter 25 times in a row. The atmosphere turned sour, however, as soon as we introduced inequity.
One monkey would still receive cucumber, while its partner now enjoyed grapes, a favourite food
with monkeys. While that monkey had no problem, the one still working for cucumber would lose
interest. Worse, seeing its partner with juicy grapes, this monkey would get agitated, hurl the pebbles
out of the test chamber, sometimes even those measly cucumber slices. A food normally devoured
with gusto had become distasteful.
C There is a similarity here with the way we reject an unfair share of money. Where do these
reactions come from? They probably evolved in the service of cooperation. Caring about what others
get may seem petty and irrational, but in the long run it keeps one from being taken advantage of.
Had we merely mentioned emotions, such as "resentment" or "envy," our findings might have gone
unnoticed. Now we drew the interest of philosophers, anthropologists and economists, who almost
choked on the monkey comparison. As it happened, our study came out at the very time that there
was a public outcry about the multimillion dollar pay packages that are occasionally given out on
Wall Street and elsewhere. Commentators couldn't resist contrasting human society with our
monkeys, suggesting that we could learn a thing or two from them.
D Our monkeys have not reached the point at which their sense of fairness stretches beyond
egocentric interests - for example, the one who gets the grape never levels the outcome by giving it
to the other - but in cooperative human societies, such as those in which men hunt large game,
anthropologists have found great sensitivity to equal distribution. Sometimes, successful hunters
aren't even allowed to carve up their own kill to prevent them from favouring their family. These
cultures are keenly aware of the risk that inequity poses to the social fabric of their society. Apes, as
opposed to monkeys, may have an inkling of this connection. High-ranking male chimpanzees, for
example, sometimes break up fights over food without taking any for themselves. During tests, a
female received large amounts of milk and raisins, but noticed her friends watching her from a short
distance. After a while, she refused all rewards. Looking at the experimenter, she kept gesturing to
the others, until they were given a share of the goodies. She was doing the smart thing. Apes think
ahead, and if she had eaten her fill right in front of the rest, there might have been repercussions
when she rejoined them later in the day.
Parents not only refer their child's physical ailments to doctors but lately, the child's behavioral
problems as well. Riding on this trend, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has
recommended that doctors, during routine medical check-ups, inquire about children's use of the
media. This will go a long way in helping to identify patterns that can threaten the emotional and
physical health of the child.
Many times parents have received complaints from the school about their child's aggressive
behavior. Often, this has been referred to the family physician rather than the behavioral
psychologist. Says a doctor at the AAP, "You look at the history and then note that the child has not
only been sitting in front of the TV for hours watching violent shows but also playing aggressive
computer games. At the least, this is something to start with." Says another, "The child could be
modeling violent behavior and the parents are unaware of it."
Another related problem is obesity. This problem troubles many parents. After talking to the child,
the doctor discovers that the child has similarly spent hours watching TV and video and not getting
sufficient exercise. "It's another way where media habits can affect health," says the doctor.
The AAP recommends that two hours of quality TV or video shows a day for older children is
sufficient. However, as far as toddlers below two are concerned, the AAP recommends that they
should not be allowed to watch any TV. Excessive and indiscriminate media viewing can lead to
other side effects and these include repeated aggression with peers or adults, poor grades, frequent
nightmares, increased eating of unhealthy foods; and later, smoking, drinking and drug use.
Critics on the other hand are quick to point out that adults should cultivate an overview of parenting
rather than attack one aspect: the media. At present, parents seem to be caught up with the material
pursuits of life to the extent that they are unable to find sufficient time for other priorities in life.
These critics say that if parents could only take stock of the situation and sort out their priorities,
then there is a strong likelihood that they would spend more time with their children, supervise them,
and watch over their viewing habits.
It is an undeniable fact that much lies in the hands of parents. Although the media has a responsible
role to play, the hone plays an overall important role in providing the right foundations in life for a
child.
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