HWC4-1 P age |1

Cordova Int’l School & College

STD-VII , Physics
Chapter-4: Light,

Name: ___________________________ Roll:________

❖ REFLECTION:

Law of Reflection
The angle of incidence (i) is equal to the angle of
reflection (r)

Normal
This is Perpendicular line to surface of the mirror.

Angle of incidence
Angle between normal and incident ray is called angle
of incidence

Angle of reflection
Angle between normal and incident ray is called angle
of reflection.

❖ The image formed by a plane mirror

The image produced by the
plane mirror is:
1. The same size as the object
2. The same distance behind
the mirror as the object is in
front
3. Upright (the same way up as
the object)
4. Back-to-front compared
with the object (lateral
inversion)
Virtual

(Prepared by Md. Jasim Uddin, Senior Teacher, Physics, Cordova Int’l School & College)
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Q-1: Choose appropriate words to fill in the gaps below:

Ninety equal normal size reflection virtual real

The law of reflection states that the angle of ____________ is always _________ to the angle of
incidence.

Both angles are measured relative to the ___________, a line that is at __________ degrees to the
reflecting surface at the point of reflection.

A plane mirror forms a __________ image which is unlike a _________ image in that it cannot be cast
onto a screen. The image in a plane mirror is also the same _________ and the same way up as the
object.

❖ Light Refraction

When a

(Prepared by Md. Jasim Uddin, Senior Teacher, Physics, Cordova Int’l School & College)
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❖ Refraction Experiment

(Prepared by Md. Jasim Uddin, Senior Teacher, Physics, Cordova Int’l School & College)
 HWC4-1 P age |4

❖ The refraction equation

When a light ray passes from one medium to another the ratio of sine of the angle of

n = sin i
sin r
i
where:
i is the angle of incidence in the first medium
r is the angle of refraction in the second medium
n is a constant number called the refractive index.

Q-2: Calculate the refractive index when light passes from air to glass if the angle of incidence
is 30° and the angle of refraction 19º.

Q-3: Calculate the angle of refraction when light passes from air to perspex if the angle of
incidence is 50° and the refractive index, n = 1.50.

(Prepared by Md. Jasim Uddin, Senior Teacher, Physics, Cordova Int’l School & College)
 HWC4-1 P age |5

Q-4: Calculate the angle of incidence when light passes from air to water if the angle of
refraction is 20° and the refractive index, n = 1.33.

Q-5: Complete

Q-6: Choose appropriate words to fill in the gaps below:

Refraction occurs when a wave changes ___________ as it crosses the boundary between two
regions. The ______________ of the wave also usually changes.
Light rays deviate ______________ the normal when they pass from less dense air to more
dense ______________. The greater the angle of incidence the greater is the ____________.

towards deviation direction perspex speed

(Prepared by Md. Jasim Uddin, Senior Teacher, Physics, Cordova Int’l School & College)
 HWC4-1 P age |6

❖ Critical angle
The critical angle is the angle of incidence in the denser medium that results in an angle of
refraction of 90º ie refracted ray goes along with inter between boundary line
n = 1__
critical
sin c angle
where:
n is the refractive index of the denser medium
(glass in the example opposite).
c is the critical angle .
GLASS
AIR

NORMAL

Q-7: Calculate the critical angle of glass to air if the refractive index of glass is 1.5

Q-8: Calculate the critical angle of water to air if the refractive index of glass is 1.3

(Prepared by Md. Jasim Uddin, Senior Teacher, Physics, Cordova Int’l School & College)
 HWC4-1 P age |7

❖ Total internal reflection

This Reflection is called Total internal reflection.

Two conditions of Total internal reflection to occur:

1. Light is incident on a boundary between optically
more dense to less dense substance (for example glass to
air).
2. The angle of incidence is greater than the critical
angle, c for the interface.

❖ Uses of total internal reflection

Prismatic periscope
Glass and perspex both have critical angles of about 42º.

In each prism the light strikes the glass-air interface at an incidence

angle of 45º

Total internal reflection therefore occurs and the light ray is

deviated b

(Prepared by Md. Jasim Uddin, Senior Teacher, Physics, Cordova Int’l School & College)