NOTES IN GE 5 – PURPOSIVE NOTE – TAKING

COMMUNICATION
- Gathering specific information
Project Proposal - use IMRAD
Types of Notes
- Introduction
1. Direct Quotations
- Method
2. Paraphrase
- Result
3. Summary
- Discussion
Why important?
Introduction
 Background of the study (preview of - Because academic lit
the issue) - In order to substantiate the points, you
 Statement of the problem want to include the paper
 Related Literature and Studies WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
 Gap “fill every informational gap”
 Significance of the study (importance) To plagiarize means
Method - To steal and pass off (the ideas or
 Clear ways on answering words of another) as one’s own
 Instrument - To use (another’s production) without
 How to analyze the result of the crediting the source
paper - To commit literary theft
Ideal question: 3 - To present as new and original idea or
product derived from existing source
Preliminary Bibliography (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
Preliminary: tentative
- Mortal sin
Bibliography: sources of information
According to plagiarism. Com, the following
- Can be primary & secondary constitute the act:
Secondary: (edited, filtered information) - Turning in someone else’s work as your
own
1. Books – should be up-to-date sources
- Copying words or ideas from someone
2. Periodicals – newspapers, magazines,
else without giving credit
journals
- Failing to put a quotation in quotation
3. Online – should consider reliability of the
marks
source (verifiable author, citation)
- Giving incorrect information about the
APA – citation source of a quotation
- Changing words but copying the
- Use “hanging indention”
sentence structure of a source without
giving credit
 Book:
- Copying so many words or ideas from a
Author’s last name, I. (date). Title of the book. source that it makes up the majority of
your work, whether you gave credit or
(Edition). Place of Publication: not
Publisher.
Why do students plagiarize?
Note: Title of the book (T is capitalized and title
is italicized)  Poor writing and research skills
 Academic pressure
 Periodical
 Lack of ethics
Author’s last name, I. (year, month). Title of the  Accessibility of knowledge
 Poor time management and
article. Name of Publication, 2 (30). 33-
organizational skills
45.
How to avoid plagiarism?
 Online
Author’s Name, I. (n.d.) Title of the article.  Careful planning of essay
 Acknowledging sources
Retrieved from: URL  Careful and accurate note-taking
 TYPES OF NOTES Single quotation – when there is a
quotation within a quotation
1. Quoting approach
- copy word for word

Long quotation – more than 3 lines, more

than 39 words
- Use always colon
Quoting properly: - Quotation is indented

Limiting the number of quotes

Quotable Quotes
- Quotes an authority
- Quotes which you can inadequately
paraphrase
 Issue on accuracy
 Issue on conciseness
 Issue on style
Parts of Quotation:
- Maximum: at least 10% of the paper
1. Opening Statement (phrase/clause) When the acknowledgment is a phrase
2. Direct quotation
Ex: Jacques Dellile wrote, “Fate chooses our
relatives, we choose our friends.”
When the acknowledgement is made part of
acknowledgement

PUNCTUATING DQ

 Linking verb (have, is, are, seems) – no

 Comma – attribution and direct
quotation is one
 Colon : attribution can stand alone
 Periods, commas, always inside
need of an punctuation mark
When the acknowledgement comes after
the quote
Examples:
“When you have nothing good to say, say
nothing,” wrote Charles Caleb Colton.
“Who can refuse a sneer?” asked William
Paley.
When the acknowledgement is split Note: THIS IS NOT GOOD. (Should not
change the meaning of the quotation)
Example:
Examples:
“Politics” said Bismark, “is not an exact
science.”
When the acknowledgement is made part of
acknowledgement
Example:
Robert E. Roger’s advice to the Class of 1929
at MIT was “to marry the boss’s daughter.”
Henry Ford said that “history is more or less
bunk.”
Like Mary Hungerford, many psychologists
believe that “beauty is in the eye of the
beholder.”
When the quotation has a colon or semi-
colon
Examples:
“Blood, toil, tears and sweat”: these were the
sacrifice Churchill promised to his country.
On his deathbed, O. Henry said, “Turn up the
lights- I don’t want to go home in the dark”; With interpolation
then, he expired.
- Any word that we even include in the
Quotes with ? or ! quotation which is not shown in the
Examples: original
- To make structure/idea clear to the
Macbeth asked, “What is the night?” audience
Who said, “Cowards die many times before - Bracket [square]
their deaths”?
GENERAL RULE IN QUOTING
Copy verbatim
Question: Can you alter your
quotations?
Answer: Yes, as long as you use the
right signs and symbols.

OMMISSIONS Signifying that an error, not yours, is found

Rules: in the quote

1. Unchanged meaning after the omission - [sic] – Latin word, italicized, come
2. Grammatical structure even with the immediately after the error
omission
Exercise:
Original: The movie is great for mentally-
incapacitated people. (Mike, David, 2013).
Quotation: Writing about the movie, David
(2013) opinioned, “The movie is great …”
 Passive: The text must be summarized
properly. [by the students].
 Noun  verb
Verb  noun, others
Example:
The manager does a good job.
The store was managed well.
SUMMARY
Emphasizing something
- 1/3 or ¼ of the original passage
- Highlighting
 Paragraph
- sentences
 Topic sentence
 Supporting Sentences
o Primary
o Secondary (examples of primary)
 Clinching sentence (optional)
o Always at the end, recapitulates
the main idea
 Essay
 Introduction
Using the virguie o Attracts reader’s attention, “hook”
- Split page nation o Thesis statement (main idea)
o Plan of development
 Body
o Has its own topic sentence
 Concluding Paragraph
 Both Paragraph and Essay
- Gives main idea
- Support the main
- Has ending
 Difference:
 Paragraph –
 deals with topic sentence
 Primary supporting system
(phrases)
PARAPHRASE AND SUMMARY  Essay
Paraphrase  Deals with paragraph
- Longer  Thesis statements
- More or less the same w/ original  Topic statements
Summary
- Shortened version
- Condensation of an original text DOCUMENTING SOURCES
(compact, brief, concise) APA Format
PRE-PARAPHRASING  Author/date documentation
1. Changing synonyms  Parenthetic citation
2. Changing structural forms (from active  In-text citation
to passive) Direct Quotation: (Author’s family name, year,
Example: page number)

Active: Students must summarize the text Summary and Paraphrase;

properly. (author’s family name, year)
Note:
 Title in magazine, articles -in quotation
 Title in books – italicized, then page
number
Examples:
Difference of Bibliography and Reference
Bibliography
- Listing all the sources
- These sources may not be useful
Reference
- You have actually used in the book or
your paper
- One-on-one correspondence

METHODS
- Alignment
Parts of the section
 Participants
 Instruments
 Framework of analysis
 Theory
 Adapt- there’s a slight change in the
framework
 Adopt – completely embrace
 Create
 Research Process