A¨vjywgbv (Alumina)

A¨vjywgbvi cÖ_g K_vÑ cÿvNvZm`„k `ye©jZv I ¯§„wZåsk|

A¨vjywgbvi K_v fvwe‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡gB g‡b c‡o Zvnvi `ye©jZvi K_v| gbI
†hgb `ye©j †`nI †ZgbB `ye©j| `ye©jZvekZ gb me©`vB A‡nZzK `yf©vebvq
AZ¨šÍ welYœ nBqv c‡o, bvbvwea KvíwbK wec‡` K_v fvweqv me©`vB k¼vKzj
_v‡K, wKQz‡ZB mshZ nB‡Z cv‡i bv, wKQz‡ZB wb‡R‡K mvgjvBqv jB‡Z cv‡i
bv| e¨¯Í I ίÍfve, mgq †hb KvwU‡ZB Pv‡n bv, KLbI KLbI nVKvwiZvI †`Lv †`q,
AvZ¥nZ¨vi wPšÍvI Kwi‡Z _v‡K| ¯§„wZkw³I GZ `ye©j †h †Pbv c‡_I †m c_nviv
nBqv c‡o, wKQzB g‡b _v‡K bv, Ggb wK wb‡Ri bvg ch©šÍ fzwjqv hvq, GK K_v
ewj‡Z Avi GK K_v ewjqv †d‡j, GK K_v wjwL‡Z wMqv Avi GK K_v wjwLqv
†d‡j| †evakw³ ev Abyf~wZ kw³ GZ `ye©j ev Kzqvkv”Qbœ nBqv c‡o ‡h †m †K
ZvnvB A‡bK mgq w¯’i Kwiqv DwV‡Z cv‡i bv, ¯^P‡ÿ †`wL‡jI †m g‡b K‡i †m
wb‡R Zvnv †`‡L bvB, ¯^K‡Y© ïwb‡jI m‡›`n nB‡Z _v‡K †m wb‡R Zvnv
ïwbqv‡Q wK-bv|
kix‡ii w`‡K Pvwn‡jI †`Lv hvq A¨vjywgbvi cÖ‡Z¨K A½-cÖZ¨½ wVK
GgbB `ye©j ev cÿvNvZMÖ¯Í nBqv cwoqv‡Q-Avnvh© `ªe¨ fÿb Kwi‡Z †M‡j †m
†hb †ek GKUz Amyweav †fvM Kwi‡Z _A‡K, nvZ ev cv bvwo‡Z †M‡j †Kgb †hb
eva-eva fve ev m¤ú~Y© AÿgZv Ges gjg~ÎZ¨vM GZ Kómva¨ nBqv c‡o †h k³ I
¸U‡j g‡ji Z K_vB bvB, big gjI mn‡R wbM©Z nB‡Z Pv‡n bv-AZ¨šÍ †eM w`evi
cÖ‡qvRb nq, g~Î Z¨vM Kwievi Rb¨I eûÿb ewmqv GZ †ewk †eM w`‡Z nq †h mgq
mgq gj evwni nBqv c‡o|
AZGe A¨vjywgbv m¤^‡Ü fvwe‡Z nB‡j cÖ_‡gB wePvi Kwiqv †`Lv DwPZ
Zvnvi gj, g~Î, gb Ges ¯§„wZ m¤^‡Ü `ye©jZvi cwiPq Av‡Q wKbv Ges †m
`ye©jZv mvgwqK, AvswkK ev mgMÖfv‡e avZzMZ wK bv? ‡hLv‡b †`wL‡eb
†ivMx ewj‡Z‡Q †h cÖmªve Kv‡j Zvnv‡K †hgb †eM w`‡Z nq gjZ¨vMKv‡jI
‡ZgbB †eM w`‡Z nq Ges ¯§„wZkw³ m¤^‡ÜI `ye©jZv wVK †ZgbB †mBLv‡b
A¨vjywgbvi K_v g‡b Kiv DwPZ| Pwj‡Z wdwi‡Z K_v Kwn‡Z GZ `ye©jZv †h
me©`vB ïBqv _vwK‡Z eva¨ nq|
A¨v‡cv‡cøw·yi ci cÿvNvZ|
A¨vjywgbvi wØZxq K_vÑ gj I g~ÎZ¨vM mnRmva¨ b‡n ev Kómva¨|
A¨vjywgbvi gj `yBfv‡M cÖKvk cvq| GK-k³, ¸U‡j gj †kø®§vRwoZ, Avi
GK-Kv`vi gZ big gj| A¨vjywgbvi †Kvôe×Zv GZ †ewk †h gjZ¨v‡Mi †eMB Av‡m
bv; hw` Av‡m Zvnv nB‡jI A‡bK cwikÖg Kwi‡Z nq, mgh mgq †ivMxi me©v½
Nv‡g wfwRqv hvq Ges gj wbM©Z nB‡j †`Lv hvq Zvnv k³, ¸U‡j Ges
†kø®§vRwoZ wK¤^v big gj Kv`vi gjØv‡i RovBqv hvB‡Z‡Q| K…wÎg Lv‡`¨
cÖwZcvwjZ wkï‡`i †KvôKvwVb¨| ¸U‡j gj| wkï‡`i †KvôKvwV‡b¨ A¨vjywgbv,
jvB‡Kv‡cvwWqvg cÖf„wZ cÖvqB †ek djcÖ` nq|
cÖ¯ªveI mn‡R wbM©Z nB‡Z Pv‡n bv-Lye †ewk †eM w`‡Z nq Ges mgq
mgq GZ †ewk †eM w`‡Z nq †h gj evwni nBqv c‡o|
A¨vjywgbvi Z…Zxq K_vÑ ï®‹Zv I kxZvZ©Zv|
ﮋZv m¤^‡Ü cÖ_‡gB Avgiv MvÎ-Z¡‡Ki K_v ewje| A¨vjywgbv †ivMxi
MvÎ GZ ﮋ GZ Ng©nxb †h Zvnv‡K Mig †cvlv‡K Ave„Z Kwiqv ivwL‡jI
K`vwPr Ng© †`Lv hvq; ˆkøw®§K wSwjø GZ ﮋ †h †Pv‡Li cvZv dvwUq hvq,
†VuvU dvwUqv hvq, gjØvi dvwUqv hvq Ges mgq mgq i³I cwo‡Z _v‡K; Pg©I
dvwUqv i³ cwo‡Z _v‡K| †ivMx A‡bK mgq g‡b K‡i Zvnvi gy‡L gvKomvi Rvj
jvwMqv wMqv‡Q ev gy‡Li Dci †hb AvVv jvwMqv ïKvBqv wMqv‡Q A_v©r
gyLgÛ‡ji Z¡K GZ ﮋ ewjqv Abyf‚Z nB‡Z _v‡K †h †ivMx eoB A¯^w¯Í‡eva
Kwi‡Z _v‡K Ges ÿ‡Y ÿ‡b Rj jvMvB‡Z fvjev‡m|
A¨vjywgbv AZ¨šÍ kxZvZ© wKš‘ MvÎ-Z¡‡Ki ﮋZv wbevi‡Yi Rb¨ †m ¯œvb
Kwi‡Z fvjev‡m Ges el©vKv‡j GKUz fvjB _v‡K| VvÛv ﮋ evZvm †m †gv‡UB
mn¨ Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv, GB Rb¨ kxZKv‡j †m †ewk Amy¯’ nBqv c‡o| A¨vjywgbv
†ivMx wb‡RB AwZ ﮋ, Zvnvi Dci kxZKvjI ﮋ, Kv‡RB Zvnvi nvZ, cv, gyL,
†PvL kxZKv‡jB †ewk dvwU‡Z _v‡K| kxZKv‡j Zvnvi Pg©‡ivMI ‡`Lv †`q|
PzjKvwb ev Pg©‡ivM hw`I ﮋ A_©vr imhy³ b‡n wKš‘ A¨vjywgbvq PzjKvwb
cÖKvk cvBevi GKUz we‡klZ¡ Av‡Q| c~‡e© ewjqvwQ A¨vjywgbv †ivMxi MvÎ
AZ¨šÍ ﮋ nq Ges †m VvÛv evZvm mn¨ Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv, Kv‡RB kxZKv‡j †m hLb
Lye Ave„Z nBqv ZvwK‡Z Pvq ZLb †`n †ek Mig nBqv DwV‡jB Zvnvi ﮋMvÎ
PzjKvB‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i Ges ZLbB PzjKvwb †`Lv †`q A_©vr MvÎ PzjKvB‡Z
PzjKvB‡Z PzjKvwb †`Lv †`q|
KuvUv‡dvUvi gZ e¨_vÑ c~‡e© †h MvÎ-Z¡‡Ki ﮋZvi K_v ewjqvwQ
A¨vjywgbvq ZvnvB h‡_ó b‡n| A¨vjywgbvi ˆkøw®§K wSwjøI AZ¨šÍ ïKvBqv hvq
Ges †e`bvhy³ ¯’v‡b KvUv dzwUqv Av‡Q ewjqv g‡b nB‡Z _v‡K| GB Rb¨ bv‡Ki
g‡a¨ ˆkøw®§K wSwjø ïKvBqv †M‡j bv‡Ki g‡a¨ KuvUv‡dvUvi gZ e¨_v Abyf‚Z
nq, gjØv‡ii g‡a¨ ˆkøw®§K wSwjI ïKvBqv wMqv †mLv‡bI KuvUv‡dvUvi gZ
e¨_v Abyf‚Z nq| GB KvUv‡dvUvi gZ e¨_vi KviY-‰køw®§K wSwjø ïKvBqv
dvwUqv hvq Ges dvUv¯’v‡bi e¨_v KvUv‡dvUvi gZ Abyf‚Z nq| mgq mgq GB me
dvUv¯’vb nB‡Z i³ cwo‡Z _v‡K (bvBU-A¨vwmW)|
 D`ivg‡q Amv‡o gjZ¨vM| g~ÎZ¨vM Kv‡jI Amv‡o gjZ¨vM| Bnv c~‡e©
DwjøwLZ cÿvNvZm`„k `ye©jZviB iæcvšÍi gvÎ|
AZ¨šÍ †Kvôe×; †kø®§vgv_v ¸U‡j gj| big gjI mn‡R wbM©Z nB‡Z Pv‡n
bvÑ gjØv‡i RovBqv hvq| (Pvqbv, bv·-g, cøvwUbv, †mvwibvg) K…wÎg Lv‡`¨
cÖwZcvwjZ wkï‡`i †Kvôe×Zv|
AwZwi³ †kø®§vmªveÑ A¨vjywgbvi ˆkøw®§K wSwj †hgb ïKvBqv hvq,
†Zgwb Avevi cÖPzi †kø®§vmªveI†`Lv hvq| GBRb¨B ¸U‡j g‡ji mwnZ cÖvqB
†kø®§v †`wL‡Z cvIqv hvq|
¯¿x‡jv‡Ki †k¦Zmvi ev cÖ`i GZ cÖPzi †h cv‡qi †Mvovwj ch©šÍ MovBqv
c‡o (wmwdwjbvg)|
FZzKv‡j †ivMx GZ `ye©j nBqv c‡o †h, DwVqv `uvovB‡ZI cv‡i bv, K_v
Kwn‡ZI cv‡i bv (KKzjvm, ÷¨vbvg)|
A¨vjywgbvi mKj mªveB AZ¨šÍ ÿZKi|
A½ cÖZ¨½ _vwKqv _vwKqv Kvwcqv DwV‡Z _v‡K ev SvwK gvwiqv
DwV‡Z _v‡K| A½ cÖZ¨½ Aek ev Aeva¨ wK¤^v mshZ b‡n-AZ¨šÍ fvivµvšÍ|
Pwj‡Z †M‡j Uwj‡Z _v‡K ev GK¯’v‡b cv w`‡Z wMqv Ab¨¯’v‡b cv w`qv †d‡j
(†n‡jvWvigv wKš‘ Bnv‡Z †ivMxi †`nvf¨šÍ‡i †hb eid cÖevwnZ nB‡Z _v‡K kxZ
GZ †ewk|)|
mw`© ïKvBqv wMqv gv_vi g‡a¨ hš¿Yv|
cÖ‡Z¨K w`b cÖvZtKv‡j Nyg fvw½evi ci wb`viæY Kvwk|
Mvwo Pwoqv †eovB‡Z †M‡j ey‡Ki g‡a¨ e¨_v jv‡M| Pÿzz gyw`ªZ Kwi‡j
gv_v Nywi‡Z _v‡K|
bL k³, Av½yjnvov|
cv‡qi Zjv GZ big †h nuvwU‡Z cv‡i bv| †e`bvhy³ Kov|
mxmv KwjK (‡jW KwjK)|
‡QvU †QvU wkïiv hvnviv gvZ…¯Í‡b ewÂZ nBqv †evZ‡ji `ya ev K…wÎg
Lv‡`¨i Dci Rxebavib K‡i Zvnv‡`i ‡KvôäZvq A¨vjywgbv cÖvqB e¨eüZ nq|
Mf©eZx ¯¿x‡jvK‡`i gj Ges g~ÎZ¨vMKv‡jI AwZkq †eM w`evi cÖ‡qvRb nB‡Z
_vwK‡j A¨vjywgbv|
Mjvi g‡a¨ AvjwRf evwoqv Kvwk| Kvwk, mKv‡j Nyg fw½‡jB e„w× cvq,
ev`¨h‡š¿i k‡ã e„w× cvq| Kvwki mwnZ nvwP|
 i³ ev nZ¨v Kwievi A¯¿-k¯¿ †`wL‡j A¨vjywgbvi A½ †ivgvwÂZ nBqv I‡V|
mgq mgq Zvnvi AvZ¥nZ¨vi B”QvI cÖKvk cvq|
A¨vjywgbv hLb hvnv wKQy K‡i, ZLb Zvnv AZ¨šÍ `ªæZMwZ‡Z m¤úbœ
K‡i, Ges Zvnvi Kv‡Q w`b ev mgq AZ¨šÍ `xN© ewjqv g‡b nB‡Z _v‡K| me©`v
welbœ, cÖv‡Z e„w× (jvB‡Kv, j¨v‡K)|
A¨v‡cv‡cøw· ev mbœ¨vm‡iv‡Mi ci cÿvNvZ (dmdivm, cøv¤^vg)|
A¨vjywgbvi PZz_© K_vÑ Avjy mn¨ nq bv|
hw` e‡jb wZwb †Kvb w`bB Avjy mn¨ Kwi‡Z cv‡ib bv Zvnv nB‡j GKevi
A¨vjywgbv‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡eb (‡bUªvg mvjd)|
A¨vjywgbv AZ¨šÍ kxZvZ©| †Kvb cÖKvi VvÛv †m mn¨ Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| ïay
PzjKvwb b‡n, VvÛv evZv‡m Zvnvi mKj hš¿YvB e„w× cvq|
c~wb©gvq Ges Agvem¨vq e„w×|
kx©‡Z e„w× wKš‘ ¯œv‡b Dckg|
A¨vjywgbv †ivMx A‡bK mgq Pv Lwo, KvV-Kqjv BZ¨vw` LvB‡Z fvjev‡m|
K…wÎg Lv‡`¨ wbf©ikxj wkï‡`i wi‡KU ev ‰`wnK Le©Zv|
`wÿYcvk¦© Pvwcqv ïB‡j Kvwk e„w× cvq|
‡jW ev mxmvi Ace¨enviRwbZ †`vl ev mxmv-KwjK|
Bnv GKwU myMfxi Jla Ges eªvBIwbqvi ci cÖvqB e¨eüZ nq, A_©vr hvnviv
eªvBIwbqvq DcKvi jvf KwiqvI m¤ú~Yfv‡e mvwiqv DwV‡Z cv‡i bvB Zvnv‡`i
jÿY cÖvqB A¨vjywgbvi gZ nBqv c‡o|