BDwbU

mgvRK‡g©i c×wZ mg~n

8

cvV-1 t mgvRK‡g©i c×wZ mg~n

f~wgKv
AvaywbKhy‡M mgvRKg© GKwU mycwiKwíZ, myk„•Lj I ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ| mgvRKg© Abykxj‡bi †¶‡Î weÁv‡bi wewfbœ
kvLv †_‡K AwR©Z Ávb ev¯—e †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| mgvRK‡g©i g~jwfwË n‡”Q weÁvb I Kjv wfwËK Ávb, gvbe
wn‰Zlx `k©b, gvbweK m¤úK©, †ckvavwi g~j¨‡eva I `¶Zv| mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³i mgm¨v mgvav‡b mgvRKgx©‡K e¨w³,
`j I mgwói wewfbœ mgm¨v I cÖ‡qvR‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z mgvRKg© m¤úv`‡b †h wfbœ wfbœ Dcvq Aej¤^b Kiv nq Zv n‡”Q
e¨w³ mgvRKg©, `j mgvRKg© I mgwó mgvRKg©| †h ¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î †gŠwjK c×wZ e‡j| Avevi Gme †gŠwjK
c×wZ‡K mnvqZv K‡i mvgvwRK M‡elYv, mvgvwRK cÖkvmb I mvgvwRK Kvh©µg bvgK wZbwU mnvqK c×wZ|

1.1 mgvRKg© c×wZi avibv I msÁv t Bs‡iRx Methods kãwU j¨vwUb Meta Ges Hodos kã ‡_‡K D™¢yZ kã
؇qi A_© h_vµ‡g myk„sLj Dcvq| myZivs AvwfavwbK A‡_© c×wZ n‡”Q †Kvb Kvh© m¤ú`v‡bi myk„•Lj Dcvq,
GBP.we †UªKvi Gi g‡Z, c×wZ n‡”Q †Kvb j¶¨vR©‡bi m‡PZb I mycwiKwíZ Dcvq| evwn¨K w`K n‡Z GwU
GKwU Kg©m¤úv`b cÖwµqv ev Dcvq cÖZxqgvb n‡jI Gi Aš—iv‡j i‡q‡Q my mgwš^Z Ávb, Dcjwã Ges mywbw`©ó
Kg©bxwZ|
myZivs mgvRKg© c×wZ ej‡Z e¨w³, `j I mgwó mgm¨v mgvav‡biRb¨ mgvRKgx©iv †h mKj c×wZ AbymiY
K‡i mgvRKg© welqK myk„sLj Ávb, Dcjew× I bxwZ Avwe¯‹vi K‡i _v‡K|

1.2 mgvRKg© c×wZ mg~‡ni †kªYx wefvM t e¨w³ `j I mgwói mgvav‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z mgvRKg© c×wZ‡K `y'‡kªYx‡Z
wef³ Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv t
1| †gŠwjK c×wZ
2| mnvqK c×wZ

1| †gŠwjK c×wZ¸‡jv nj
(K) e¨w³ mgvRKg©;
(L) `j mgvRKg© I
(M) mgwó msMVb I mgwó Dbœqb
2| mnvqK c×wZ¸‡jv nj
(K) mvgvwRK cÖkvmb;
(L) mvgvwRK M‡elYv Ges
(M) mvgvwRK Kvh©µg;
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-2 t e¨w³ mgvRKg©

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Dcv`vb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges bxwZ¸‡jv Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i cÖ‡qvM †¶Î Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

2.1 e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i avibv I msÁvt e¨w³ mgvRKg© n‡”Q mgvRK‡g©i Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK c×wZ| GB c×wZi
gva¨‡g e¨w³i mgm¨vi mgvavb †`Iqv nq| mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³‡K †K›`ªK‡iB GB c×wZ M‡o I‡V| mgvRK‡g©i
c×wZ ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e¨w³ mgvRKg© c×wZB me‡P‡q cÖvPxb c×wZ|
msÁvt e¨w³ mgvRKg© n‡”Q †ckv`vi mgvRK‡g©i Ggb GK †gŠwjK c×wZ, hvi gva¨‡g mgm¨v MÖ¯—e¨w³‡K
Ggbfv‡e mnvqZv Kiv nq hv‡Z †m Zvi myß cÖwZfv I m¤ú‡K©i weKvk NwU‡q wb‡Ri mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejv K‡i
¯^vfvweK f~wgKv cvj‡b m¶gnq|
wjUb we. myBd‡Ui g‡Z, Òe¨w³ mgvRKg© n‡”Q mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³i eyw×gËv I Aš—i mËv‡K weKwkZ Kivi
Ggb GK †KŠkj hv Zv‡K Zvi cwi‡e‡ki mgm¨vejx †gvKv‡ejvq mvnvh¨ K‡i|Ó
GBP. GBP cvj©g¨v‡bi fvlvq Òe¨w³ mgvRKg© c×wZ gvbeKj¨vY ms¯’v‡K mg~n KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ Ggb GK
cÖwµqv, hv †Kvb e¨w³i mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvj‡bi †¶‡Î D™¢yZ mgm¨vejx Kvh©Ki fv‡e †gvKv‡ejvq mnvqZv
K‡i|Ó
D‡j−wLZ msÁv¸‡jvi †cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, e¨w³ mgvRKg© c×wZ ej‡Z Ggb K‡i c×wZ‡K eySvq hvi gva¨‡g
mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³i myß ¶gZvi weKvk mvab K‡i Ggbfv‡e mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i hv‡Z DËg mvgÄm¨ I myôz
mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvj‡b m¶g nq|
2.2 e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Dcv`b t e¨w³ mgvRKg© mgvRK‡g©i GKwU †gŠwjK c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g e¨w³‡K mgvm¨v
gy³ n‡Z mnvqZv Kiv nq| e¨w³ mgvRK‡g© mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvq KwZcq Dcv`vb ev welq wb‡q AwewZ©Z
n‡Z _v‡K| GB me DcKi‡Yi mgwó‡K e¨w³ mgvK‡g©i Dcv`vb e‡j|
G cÖm‡½ GBP.GBP cvj©g¨vb cÖ`Ë msÁv we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨| Zuvi g‡Z
ÙA person with a problem comes to a place, where a professional representative
helps him, by a given process. ms‡¶‡c GUv 5p. bv‡g cwiwPZ, †hgb-
1| Person- e¨w³ ;
2| Problem- mgm¨v ;
3| place- ¯’vb ;
4| Professional representative ev †ckv`vi cÖwZwbwa ;
5| Process- cÖwµqv ;
D‡j−wLZ 5 P. e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i cvuwPwU Dcv`vb wb‡`©k K‡i|
wb‡b¥ e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Dcv`vb mg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1| e¨w³ t e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i g~j Dcv`vb n‡”Q e¨w³| e¨w³ ej‡Z mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³‡K eySvq| mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³
mgv‡Ri GK Rb m`m¨ n‡jI wZwb ¯^vfvweK f~wgKv cvj‡b e¨_©|
e¨w³i ‰ewkó¨ n‡”Qt
(K) mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³ cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZi wkKvi ;
(L) H e¨w³ †h †Kvb eq‡mi wj‡½i ev †Mv‡Îi n‡Z cv‡i|
(M) mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³ ¯^vfvweK kw³ f~wgKv cvj‡b A¶g I A¯^vfvweK AvPiYKvix|
(N) †m ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix

BDwbU- 8 c„ôv # 136

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

(O) †m mgm¨vi mgvavb Pvq|

2| mgm¨v t e¨w³ mgvRK‡g© mgm¨v n‡”Q †h me Av_©- mvgvwRK I g‡bv‰`wnK Ae¯’v e¨w³i ¯^vfvweK KvRKg© I
mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvj‡b cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i| mgm¨vi ˆewk󨸇jv n‡”Q-
(K) e¨w³i ¯^vfvweK f~wgKv cvjb e¨vnZ K‡i;
(L) mgm¨vi eûgyLx cÖfve we`¨gvb;
(M) e¨w³i gvbwmK Pvc m„wó K‡i;
(N) mgm¨v mgvavb †hvM¨;
3| ¯’vb ev cÖwZôvb t e¨w³ mgvRK‡g© mgm¨v mgvav‡bi ¯’vb n‡”Q mymsMwVZ †ckvMZ cÖwZôvb, †h cÖwZôv‡bi
gva¨‡g mgvRKgx© mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| cÖwZôvb miKvwi I †¯^”Qv‡mex `yÕai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i,
evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e wK‡kvi Av`vjZ, `yt¯’ wkï cyYev©mb †K›`ª, †W-‡Kqvi †m›Uvi cÖf„wZ D‡j−L Kiv
hvq|
4| †ckv`vi cÖwZwbwa t mgvRKg© cÖwZôvb KZ…©K g‡bvbxZ e¨w³ whwb e¨w³i mgm¨v mgvav‡b m¶g| wZwb †ckvMZ
Áv‡b `¶ I ˆbc~‡Y¨i AwaKvix| mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³i mv‡_ mym¤úK© ¯’vcb, Kg©iZ cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨, Av`k© I
Kg©m~Px m¤ú‡K© ¯úó avibvi AwaKvix|
5| cÖwµqv t e¨w³ mgvRK‡g© mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î †h me cš’v ev †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖwµqv e‡j|
mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZôvb ev mgvRKgx©i wbKU mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv n‡Z G cÖwµqv ïi“ nq,
Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡bi gva¨‡g Gi mgvwß N‡U| GB cÖwµqvi cvuPwU ¯—i i‡q‡Q| Z_¨ msMÖn, mgm¨v wbY©q,
mgm¨v mgvavb, g~j¨vqY I AbymiY|
Dc‡iv³ Dcv`vb mg~‡ni e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Rb¨ Acwinvh©| D³ Dcv`v‡bi †Kvb GKwUi Abycw¯’wZ e¨w³
mgvRKg© m¤úvw`Z n‡Z cv‡i bv|

2.3 e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i bxwZ

e¨w³ mgvRKg© c×wZ‡K mycwiKwíZ I AwaKZi Kvh©Kix, Kivi Rb¨ mgvRKgx©‡`i KZ¸‡jv wb‡`©wkKv AbymiY
Ki‡Z nq| †m me wbqg bxxZ n‡”Q e¨w³ mgvR K‡g©i bxwZ|
e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i bxwZ ¸‡jv n‡”Q-
1| MÖnYbxwZ t GKRb mvnvh¨_x©‡K RvwZ-ag© eY© wbwe©‡kl Zvi gh©v`v I ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q MÖnY Kiv‡K e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i
MÖnY bxwZ e‡j| mvnvh¨v_©x hw` mgvR Kgx©i Kv‡Q G‡m eyS‡Z cv‡i mgvRKgx© Zv‡K Avš‘wiKfv‡e MÖnY K‡i
Zvi mgm¨v‡K ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i MÖnY K‡i Zvn‡j mgm¨v mgvavb mnR nq| ZvB e¨w³ mgvRK‡g© MÖnYbxwZ
¸i“Z¡c~Y©|
2| AskMÖnY bxwZ t mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q mvnvh¨_x©i mgvavb Kvh©µ‡g AskMnY| Gi D‡Ï‡k¨ n‡”Q
mvnvh¨_©x©‡K m¶g K‡i †Zvjv| mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvi ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— mvnvh¨_x©i mn‡hvwMZv, GKvZ¥Zv
I g‡bvwb‡ek mnKv‡i KvR Kiv‡KB AskMÖnY bxwZ e‡j| AskMÖnb bxwZ Abykxj‡b mvnvh¨v_x©i AvZ¥wek¦vm I
¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©‡Y †cÖiYv ‡hvMvq|
3| e¨w³ ¯^vZš¿xKiYbxwZ t mKj mgm¨vMÖ¯— e¨w³i mgm¨vi aib, cÖfve, mgvavb ¶gZv, Avkv AvKv•Lv, Av‡eM,
Abyf~wZ GK bq| GKB mgm¨v †hgb wewfbœ e¨w³i g‡a¨ wewfbœfv‡e †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i, †Zgwb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
cÖ‡Póv I c„_Kfv‡e Kiv nq| e¨w³ ¯^vZš¿xKiY bxwZ Abymi‡bi gva¨‡g mgvRKgx©i †ckvMZ Ávb, AwfÁZv I
`¶Zv Ggb GK c‡_ cwiPvwjZ nq, ‡hLv‡b wZwb mgm¨vMÖ¯— †mev MÖnxZv‡K wKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kiv m¤¢e,Zvi iƒc
†iLv ˆZix Ges w`K wb‡`©kbv jvf K‡i _v‡Kb| myZivs e¨w³ ¯^vZš¿xKiY bxwZi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg|
4| †hvMv‡hvM bxwZ t †hvMv‡hvM ej‡Z Z‡_¨i Av`vb-cÖ`vb ev wewbgq eySvq| e¨w³ mgvRK‡g© GwU AZ¨š—
¸i“Z¡en| e¨w³ mgvRKg©x mgvRgx© I mvnvh¨_x©i g‡a¨ ci¯úi‡K Abyf~wZ, wPš—vaviv,Z_¨ I AwfÁZvi Av`vb

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 137

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cÖ`vb‡K †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| e¨w³ mgvRKgx© mvnvh¨_x©i mv‡_ Giƒc †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Ki‡eb ‡hb mvnvh¨_x©i Zvi
mgm¨v m¤úwK©Z cÖK…Z Z_¨ I Abyf~wZ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvMcvb Ges mgvRKgx© I mvnvh¨`vb e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ
Ki‡Z cv‡ib d‡j mvnvh¨v_x©i mgvRKgx©i mv‡_ hyw³hy³ Av‡jvPbvq Drmvn‡eva Ki‡eb| G bxwZ Abymi‡Yi
d‡j Df‡q ci¯úi‡K eyS‡Z cv‡i|
5| AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y bxwZ t AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y AwaKvi `vb e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡ c~Y©bxwZ|
mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvq mvnvh¨v_x©i wbR¯^ cQ›` wm×vš— ‡g‡b †bIqvi AwaKviB AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZ, GB bxZi
mdj cÖ‡qv‡MB e¨w³ mgvRKg© c×wZ A_©c~Y© Ges mv_©K nq| mgm¨v mgvav‡b wm×vš— MÖn‡Y mvnvh¨v_x©‡K m¶g
K‡i †ZvjvB G bxwZi g~j j¶¨|
6| †MvcbxqZvi bxwZt gvbyl †Mvcb K_v mn‡R KvD‡K ej‡Z Pvq bv| Z‡e mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î †Mvcb
cÖKvwkZ n‡e bv Ggb cÖwZkÖ“wZ †c‡j †m AKc‡UB ej‡Z cv‡i Avi G wbqg‡KB †MvcbxqZvi bxwZ e‡j|
e¨w³i mgm¨vi mv‡_ RwoZ Ggb wKQy Z_¨ _v‡K hv, evB‡i cÖKvk †c‡j Zvi AvZ¥ gh©v`v I m¤§vb nvbxi
m¤¢vebv _vK‡Z cv‡i| Ggb wK cvwievwiK Am‡š—vl I Rxeb bv‡ki KviY I n‡Z cv‡i mgvRKgx©i cÖZ¨¶ ev
c‡iv¶fv‡e ‡MvcbxqZv i¶v Kivi wbðqZv cÖ`vb e¨ZxZ mvnvh¨_x© KLb I Zvi mgm¨vi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vw`
cÖKvk Ki‡ebv|
7| mgvRKgx©i AvZ¥ m‡PZbZvi bxwZt †ckvMZ mgvRKg©xi GKwU ¸bMZ w`K AvZ¥ m‡PZbZv| e¨w³ mgvRKgx©
e¨w³ Rxe‡b wPš—v-‡PZbvq mvnv‡h¨_x©i wecixZ g‡Zi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡ib G †¶‡Î Zvi Av‡eM; Abyf~wZ
B”Qv-Awb”Qv cQ›` AcQ‡›`i †¶‡Î Zv‡K †ckvMZ g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖwZ †Lqvj †i‡L wbi‡c¶Zv eRvq ivL‡Z
n‡e| bZzev g~j j¶¨ e¨nZ n‡e| ZvB mgvRKgx©‡K mvnvh¨v_x©i mgm¨v mgvav‡b AvZ¥ m‡PZYZvi bxwZ
AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|

myZivs Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i bxwZ mg~n mgm¨v mgvav‡b mnvqK| G bxwZ¸‡jvi
mdj cÖ‡qvM e¨w³ mgvRKg© g~j j¶¨ AR©‡b m¶g n‡e|
2.4 e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i cÖ‡qvM †¶‡Î t e¨w³ mgvRKg© mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Ggb GKwU my-k„•Lj cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g
e¨w³i cÖwZfv I m¤ú‡`i weKvk mva‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³‡K Ggbfv‡e mnvqZv Kiv nq hv‡Z †m wb‡Ri mgm¨v
mgvavb K‡i myôzfv‡e mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvj‡b m¶g nq|
e¨w³ mgvRKg© GKwU e¨q eûj c×wZ weavq evsjv‡`‡k GB c×wZi cÖqvM Avkvbyiƒc bq| ZeyI KwZcq
†¶‡Î G c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| †hgb-
1| wPwKrmv mgvRKg© t evsjv‡`‡k e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i ev¯—e cÖ‡qv‡Mi m~Pbv nq wPwKrmv mgvRKg© cÖK‡íi
gva¨‡g| eZ©gvbG cÖK‡íi bvg nvmcvZvj mgvR‡mev| `yt¯’ I Amnvq †ivMx‡`i †ivMgyw³ I cyYe©vm‡bi Rb¨
wewfbœ nvmcvZv‡j& G Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q|
2| Aciva ms‡kvabg~jK Kvh©µg t Acivax‡`i mvRv bv w`‡q Zv‡K ms‡kvab KivB DËg cš’v| ZvB Acivax‡K
PwiÎ ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Dci wfwËkxj ms‡kvabg~jK Kvh©µg wek¦e¨vcx mgv`„Z|
3| cwievi cwiKíbv t RbvwaK¨ GB evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v wbqš¿‡Y cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©m~Pwi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg|
RbmsL¨A wbim‡b m‡PZbZv m„wó, Kzms¯‹vi I †Mvuovgx `~ixKiY, cwievi cwiKíbv c×wZ MÖn‡Y DØy×KiY,
gv I wkï ¯^v¯’ Dbœqb cÖf„wË †¶‡Î e¨w³ mgvRKg© Abe`¨ f~wgKv cvj‡b m¶g|
4| we`¨vjq mgvRKg© t eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq mKj we`¨vj‡q wek„•Ljvc~Y© cwi‡ek weivR Ki‡Q| GRb¨
A‡bK QvÎ-QvÎx mvgĨnxbZvi wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡q bvbvwea mgm¨v m„wó Ki‡Q| QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i wewfbœ mgm¨v
†gvKv‡ejv K‡i we`¨vj‡q MVbg~jK cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv Avek¨K G Rb¨ we`¨vjq mgvRKg© cÖ‡qvM Kiv
AZ¨vek¨K hv e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i Dci wfwËkxj| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq KwZcq we`¨vj‡q GB Kg©m~Px
cwiPvjYv Kiv nh|
5| c½y Kj¨vY t mvgvwRK I kvwixwiK c½y‡`i Rb¨ e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i f~wgKv Acwimxg|

BDwbU- 8 c„ôv # 138

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

6| kªg Kj¨vY t kªwgKiv Drcv`‡bi Ab¨Zg mnvqK kw³| wKš‘ Zviv bvbv Kvi‡Y gvwjKc‡¶i Øviv ewÂZ nq|
kªwgK I gvwjK‡`ie¨w³ mgvRKg© cÖwµqvq DØy× K‡i kªwgK Am‡š—vl `~i Kiv hvq|
7| wkï Kj¨vYt wkí wec−‡evËi mgvRRxe‡b ‡hŠ_ cwievi cÖ_vi fv½‡bi Kvi‡Y wkï‡`imvgÄm¨nbxZvi mgm¨v
†`Lv †`q| G †¶‡Î wkïi my¯’ mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi Rb¨ wkï Kj¨vb cÖwZôvbmn wewfbœ †¶‡Î e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i
cÖ‡qvM Ab¯^xKvh©|
8| hye Kj¨vY t †`‡kµg ea©gvb hye Am‡š—vl `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ e¨w³ mgvRK‡g©i cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i
mybvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv hvq|
9| gb¯—vwZ¡K mgvRKg© t gvbwmKfv‡e mgm¨v MÖ¯—‡`i Rb¨ g‡bv¯—vwË¡K mgvRKg© cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| G †¶‡Î
g‡bv‡ivM we‡klÁ‡`i cvkvcvwk g‡bvwPwKrmv mgvRKgx©MY djcÖm~ f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
10| gv`Kvmw³ wbivgq †K›`ª t evsjv‡`‡k gv`Kvm‡³i msL¨v `ª“Z e„w× cv‡”Q| Bnv hye kw³i ˆbwZK PwiÎ aesm
Ki‡Q| gv`Kvmw³‡K Nygš— ˆ`Z¨ we‡ePbv K‡i gv`Kvmw³ wbivgq †K‡›`ª e¨w³ mgvRKgx©MY djcÖm~ f~wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡k ew³ mgvRKg© c×wZi cÖ‡qvM †¶Î we¯—…Z Ges RwUjZv c~Y©| ZvB mKj ¯—‡i
e¨w³ mgvRKg© c×wZ cÖ‡qvM †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 139

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-3 t `j mgvRKg©
gvbyl mvgvwRK Rxe| `j gvbe mgv‡Ri GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯—i| cÖPxbKvj †_‡KB gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb c~iY, Aw¯—Z¡ i¶v,
I wbivcËvi Rb¨ `je×Rxeb hvcb K‡i‡Q| `j Qvov gvbe Rxeb KíbvZxZ|
`j ej‡Z `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †jv‡Ki mgve‡k‡K eySvq, Z‡e mKj mgv‡ek‡K mgvRweÁvbxiv `j e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡ib
bv, mgvR weÁvbx‡`i g‡Z D‡Ï‡k¨nxb †Kvb mgv‡ek `j n‡Z cv‡i bv |

3.1 `‡ji msÁv

mgvR weÁvbx g¨vKvBfv‡ii g‡Z, †mB Rb mgwó‡K `j e‡j †hLv‡bB ci¯ú‡ii gv‡S GKUv mvgvwRK m¤úK©
we`¨gvb| mgvRweÁvbx cvK© I ev‡R©mGi g‡Z, ÒmvgvwRK `j ej‡Z Ggb GK Rb‡Mvôx‡K eySvq hvim`m¨‡`i
D‡Ïk¨ I j¶¨ GK I Awfbœ Ges hvi m`m¨‡`i KvRK‡g©i g‡a¨ wgj i‡q‡Q|

3.2 mvgvwRK `‡ji ˆewkó¨

1| mg¯^v_© I D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †jv‡Ki mgve‡k|
2| mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ I j¶¨;
3| mswk−ó‡`i cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© we`¨gvb;
4| `jxq g~j¨‡eva I Av`k©;
5| m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK wµqv-cÖwZwµqv;
6| mvgvwRK eÜb;
3.3 mvgvwRK `‡ji †kªYx wefvM t `‡ji cÖK…wZ, ˆewkó¨ j¶¨I Kvh©µ‡gi Av‡jv‡K mvgvwRK `j‡K wb‡b¥v³
‡kªYx‡Z wef³ Kiv nq|
1| cÖv_wgK `j t G `‡ji m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ cÖZ¨¶ m¤úK© we`¨gvb _v‡K| G `‡ji D™¢vebKvix mgvRweÁvbx Kzjx
e‡jb, ÒcÖv_wgK `j ej‡Z Avwg gy‡LvwgywL m¤úK© I mn‡hvwMZv eywSÓ Gi m`m¨iv wb‡Rig‡a¨ Avgiv Abyf~wZ
(We feeling) jvf K‡i †hgb- cwievi, †kªYx, `j, msN cÖf„wZ|
2| gva¨wgK ev †MŠY`j t †h `‡j m`m¨iv Nwbôfv‡e ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i¶vKi‡Z cv‡i bv †mB `j‡K
†MŠY `j e‡j| G ai‡bi `‡j bxwZ, Av`k© I j¶¨MZ wgj _v‡K, †hgb- †UªW BDwbqb, wk¶K mwgwZ, QvÎ
ms¯’v cÖf„wZ|
3| Aš—eZx© `j t e¨w³ †h `‡ji m`m¨ †mB `jwUB Zvi Kv‡Q Aš—`j e‡j MY¨|
4| ewn©`j t †h `j m`m¨‡`i Kv‡Q wb‡Ri `j bq, Zv‡K ewn©`j e‡j, †hgb- †Ljvigv‡V cÖwZ‡hvMx `j|

3.4 `j mgvRKg© c×wZi Dcv`vb t `j mgvRK‡g©i cÖvY n‡”Q `j`j QvovI `j mgvRK‡g©i Av‡iv wKQy
Dcv`vb we`¨gvb, `j mgvRKg© we‡k−lY Ki‡j wb‡b¥v³ Dcv`vb cvIqv hvq|
1| mvgvwRK `j ;
2| `j mgvRKg© cÖwZôvb;
3| `j mgvRKgx© Ges
4| `j mgvRKg© cÖwµqv

`j mgvRK‡g©i Dcv`vb mg~n avivewnK fv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡jvt

1| mvgvwRK `j t ag©, eY© wbwe©‡k‡l hLb †Kvb we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ mvg‡b †i‡L `yBev Z‡ZvwaK †jv‡Ki mgv‡ek N‡U
Zv‡K mvgvwRK `j e‡j| cÖv_wgK `j, ‡MŠY ev gva¨wgK `j, Aš—`j I ewn©`j wb‡q mvgvwRK `j M‡o I‡V|
`j mgvRK‡g©i Ab¨Zg nvwZqvi n‡”Q mvgvwRK `j| mvaviYZ cÖZ¨¶`j‡K †K›`ª K‡iB mvvgwRK `j
AvewZ©Z nq|
2| `j mgvRKg© cÖwZôvb t mgvRK‡g©i bxwZ I Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvq †h mg¯— mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb †_‡K †ckv`vi
mgvRKgx©iv `jxq m`m¨‡`i †mev cÖ`vbK‡i _v‡Kb Zv‡K `j mgvRKg© cÖwZôvb e‡j| G mKj cÖwZôvb

BDwbU- 8 c„ôv # 140

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

miKvix †emiKvix Dfq ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- wkï Kj¨vY †Kš¿ gv`Kvmw³ wbivgq †K›`ª evsjv‡`k
cwievi cwiKíbv mwgwZ BZ¨vw`|
3| `j mgvRKgx© t `j mgvRKgx© ej‡Z mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ Ávb `¶Zv I AwfÁZv m¤ú~Y© e¨w³‡K eySvq|
wZwb `‡ji †Kvb m`m¨ bb| mgvRKgx© cÖwZôv‡bi GKRb †ckv`vi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e `j‡K wb‡q KvR K‡ib|
wZwb cÖwk¶Y cÖvß Ges †eZbfy³ Kg©Pvix wn‡m‡e †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| Zvi MwZkxj †bZ…Z¡ I Kvh©Ki
f~wgKvi Dci `jmgvRKg© eûjvs‡k wbf©ikxj|
4| `j mgvRKg© cÖwµqv (Social group work processes) t †h myk„•Lj I mycwiKwíZ Dcv‡q `jxq
AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g `jxq m`m¨‡`i e¨w³MZ `jxq I mgwóMZ mgm¨v Kvh©Kifv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨
Kiv nq Zv‡K `j mgvRKg© cÖwµqv e‡j|
`‡ji m‡e©v”P Kj¨v‡YiRb¨ `j mgvRKgx© mycwiKwíZfv‡e KvR K‡i _v‡Kb, `‡ji AvKvi I cÖK„wZ Abymv‡i
`j mgvRKgx© wewfbœ c×wZ I †KŠkj MÖnb K‡i _v‡Kb|
D‡j−wLZ Dcv`vb mgš^‡q `j mgvRKg© cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K|
3.5 evsjv‡`‡k `j mgvRKg© c×wZi cÖ‡qvM‡¶Î t evsjv‡`‡k `j mgvRK‡g©i cÖ‡qvM ‡¶‡Î e¨vcK I we¯—…Z
NbemwZc~Y© evsjv‡`‡ki wecyj Rbkw³i Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ cwiKwíZ `j MV‡bi ¸i“Z¡
Acwimxg| evsjv‡`‡k AMÖvwaKvi wfwˇZ wb‡b¥v³ †¶‡Î `j mgvRKg© c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i mvdj¨ AR©b
m¤¢e|
1| K…wl Dbœqb t evsjv`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi Ab¨Zg Drm K…wl LvZ| gvÜvZvi Avg‡ji Drcv`b e¨e¯’v, Kzms¯‹vi,
AvaywbK cÖhyw³ Áv‡bi Afv‡e K…wl Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡”Q| D‡j−wLZ mgm¨v wbim‡b mycwiKwíZ Dcv‡q `j
MVb K‡i `j mgvRKg© c×wZi mdj ev¯—evqb m¤¢e|
2| RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y t evsjv‡`‡ki GK b¤^i RvZxq mgm¨v n‡”Q RbmsL¨v mgm¨v| wewfbœ cÖwZeÜKZvi Rb¨
RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y Kg©m~Px mdj n‡”Q bv| cj−xi `wi`ª I Awkw¶Z Rb‡Môxi g‡a¨ ¯’vbxq RbcÖwZwbwa wk¶vi
¯’vb I g³‡ei wk¶K‡`i wb‡q `j MVb K‡i `j mgvRK‡g©i c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i RbmsL¨v wbqš¿‡Y
m‡PZb Kiv hvq|
3| wbi¶iZv `~ixKiY t evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk †jvK wbi¶i hv RvwZi Rb¨ Awfkvc, `j mgvRKg© c×wZ
cÖ‡qvM K‡i eq¯‹ I mvgvwRK wk¶v cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wbi¶iZv AÁZv I Kzms¯‹vi `~i Kiv m¤¢e|
3| `wi`ª `~ixKiY t evsjv‡`k MY`vwi‡`ªi †`k| `wi`ª‡`i msMwVZ K‡i mgevq wfwËK Drcv`b e¨emv evwY‡R¨
AskMÖnb wbwðZ Ki‡Z `j mgvRKg© c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
4| †eKviZ¡ `~ixKiYt †eKvi mgm¨vq RR©wiZ evsjv‡`‡ki †eKviZ¡ `yixKi‡bi j‡¶¨ mycwiKwíZ `j MVb K‡i
e¨cK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv m¤¢e| evsjv‡`‡k `j mgvRK‡g©i Dci wfwËkxj bvbvgyLx D‡`¨M MÖnY
K‡i cÖ”Qbœ †eKvi †gImygx †eKvi I bvix‡`i Kg©gyLx wk¶vi e¨e¯’v K‡i †eKiZ¡ `~i Kiv hvq|
5| mgevq MVb t wewfbœ †kªYx I †ckvi gvbyl mgevq MVb K‡i `jxq fv‡e wbR¯^‡Mvôxi Dbœq‡b mnvqK f~wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg I kn‡i `j mgvRKg© c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ri“ix|
6| wPË-we‡bv`b t wPË we‡bv`b Ab¨Zg GKwU †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb| cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q `jMVb K‡i wkï wK‡kvi,
hye, †cŠp mKj †kªYxi D‡c‡hvMx wPË we‡bv`‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv Zv‡`i †`n I g‡bi DrKl© mva‡b mnvqZv Kiv
hvq|
7| bZzb emwZ GjvKv t wkívqY I knivq‡Yi d‡j Avgv‡`i †`‡k wewfbœ GjvKvi wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZi g‡bvfv‡ei
†jv‡Kiv kni GjvKvq bZzb emwZ ¯’vcb Ki‡Q| d‡j Awaevmx‡`i g‡a¨ mvgvwRK eÜb M‡o I‡V bv|
G‡`i‡K `je× K‡i `j mgvRKg© c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g cvi¯úwiK my-m¤úK© M‡o ‡Zvjv m¤¢e| †hgb-
bZzb nvDwRs GjvKv, AvkªqY cÖKí|
8| Aciva I wK‡kvi Aciva cÖwZ‡iva t ¯’vbxq †bZ…e„‡›`i gva¨‡g cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q `j MVb K‡i `j mgvRKg©
c×wZi gva¨‡g MVbg~jK `jxq AwfÁZv cÖ`vb K‡i m`m¨‡`i g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½‡Z cwieZ©b mvab K‡i
Aciva I wK‡kvi Aciva `~i Kiv m¤¢e|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 141

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

9| cÖwZ‡ewk †K›`ª t `j mgvRK‡g©i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †¶‡Î n‡”Q `j mgvRKg©| mgv‡R cvwievwiK fv½b RwbZ
mvgvwRK wew”QbœZv, e¨¯—Zv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y Ø›Ø msNvZ, ˆelg¨ BZ¨vw` evo‡Q| `j mgvRK‡g©i
wfwˇZ cÖwZ‡ekx †K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡i m¤úK© Dbœqb Kiv m¤¢e|
10| wkï mb` t mgv‡Ri wewfbœ cUf~wgi GwZg wkïiv _v‡K| wkï‡`i bvMwiKZ¡‡eva, ¯^wbf©i g‡bvfve I
mgevwqK †PZbv m„wói Rb¨ `j mgvRKg© c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i mdjZv AR©b Kiv hvq|
11| Aciva t `j mgvRKgx© cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q `jMVb K‡i `j mgvRKg© c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i µgea©gvb wK‡kvi-
Aciva I Aciva cÖeYZv `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ gyj¨‡eva I `„wó fw½i cwieZ©‡bi †Póv Ki‡eb|
12| cyYe©vmb t evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg kn‡i AmsL¨ wQbœg~j RbMY gvb‡eZi Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Q| `j mgvRKg© c×wZ
cÖ‡qvM K‡i wQbœg~j RbMY‡K msMwVZ K‡i cyYe©vmb Kiv m¤¢e|
Dc‡iv³ †¶Î QvovI bvix Kj¨vY, we`¨vjq mgvRKg©, wkí-KviLvbv g‡bvwPwKrmv cÖf„wZ †¶‡Î I `j mgvRKg©
c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

BDwbU- 8 c„ôv # 142

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV-4 t mgwó mgvRKg© (Rbmgwó msMVb I mgwó Dbœqb)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb
1| Rbmgwó msMVb wK Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
2| Rbmgwó msMV‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
3| Rbmgwó msMV‡bi cÖ‡qvM †¶‡Î ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

cUf~wg
Av‡gwiKvi `vb msMVb Av‡›`vjb †_‡K mgwó msMV‡bi m~ÎcvZ| wewfbœ †¯^”Qv‡mex I miKvwi ms¯’vi gv‡S mgš^q
mva‡bi Rb¨ 1877 mv‡j hy³iv‡óªi evd‡jv‡Z `vb msMVb mwgwZ MVb Kiv nq|
4.1. avibv I msÁv t mvaviYZ Rbmgwó msMVb ej‡Z mgvRK‡g©i H cÖwµqv‡K †evSvq hv mycwiKwíZ I mywPwš—
Zfv‡e †Kvb wbw`©ó GjvKvi mvgvwRK Pvwn`v I mgwó m¤ú‡`i gv‡S my-mvgÄm¨ weavb K‡i|
Av_©vi Wvbnv‡gi g‡Z; mgwó msMVb n‡”QÑ Ggb GK mgvRKg© cÖwµqv, hvi gva¨‡g we‡kl †¶‡Î
mgvRKj¨vY cÖ‡qvRb I m¤ú‡`i gv‡S djcÖm~ mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv nq|
w¯‹Wgyi I _¨vKvwi Gi g‡Z Òmgwó msMVb n‡”Q GKwU Avš—t`jxq cÖwµqv, hv mvgvwRK mgm¨v`~ixKi‡Y
mgwói m¤ú` I ms¯’v¸‡jvi h_vh_ e¨env‡i ev¯—e Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i|Ó
Dc‡iv³ msÁv¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, Rbmgwó mgvRKg© Ggb GKwU c×wZ, hvi gva¨‡g ‡Kvb GjvKvi
RbM‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb I m¤ú‡`i g‡a¨ djcÖmy Ges Kvh©Ki mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv hvq|
4.2. mgwó msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨vejx t mgwó msMVb c×wZi msÁvmg~n we‡k−lY Ki‡j wb‡gœv³ D‡Ï‡k¨ mg~n j¶¨
Kiv hvqÑ
1| mgwó msMV‡bi cÖavb j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q mgwói Pvwn`v wba©viY Kiv
2| mgwóicÖwZ mvaviY RbM‡Yi Av¯’v I my-m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjv|
3| mvgvwRKcwi‡e‡ki DbœqY NUv‡bv|
4| mgwóie„nËi Kj¨v‡Y Kg©m~Px cÖYqb Kiv
5| Kg©m~Px ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv|
6| mgwói mvsMVwbK Kvh©µg †Rvi`viKiY|
7| ¯^v¯’¨ †mevg~jK Kg©m~Px cÖeZ©‡b RbMY‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv|
8| mgwói RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ mn‡hvwZv I †mŠnv`h© g~jK g‡bvfve m„wó Kiv|
9| RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ MVbg~jK g‡bvfve m„wó Kiv
10| mgwói wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³, `j I mgwói g‡a¨ mg‡SvZv m„wó
4.3 evsjv‡`‡k Rbmgwó msMV‡bi cÖ‡qvM †¶Î/cwiwa t mgwó msMVb cÏwZg~jZ kni GjvKvq DbœZ I
mysmMwVZ mgwó‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k MÖvg cÖavb †`k| kZKiv cÖvq 25 fvM †jvK gvÎ kn‡i
GjvKvh emevm K‡i| Z`ycwi, kni GjvKvq DbœZ mgwó‡Z emevmKvixi msL¨v AwZ bMY¨| ZvB
evsjv‡`‡k mgwó msMVb c×wZ cÖ‡hvM‡¶Î LyeB mxwgZ|
evsjv‡`‡k wb‡gœ D‡j−wLZ †¶‡Î Rbmgwó msMVb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvqt
1| mgm¨v wPwýZKiY t evsjv‡`‡ki kni mgwó eûwea mgm¨v we`¨gvb| mgwó msMVb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i
mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZ K‡i mgvav‡bi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e|
2| mgwó KvDwÝj t e„nr kni mgwó‡Z ¯’vbxq wfwËK ¯^v¯’¨Kj¨vY Ges wPËwe‡bv`bg~jK †mevi cwiKíbv I
mgš^‡qi Rb¨ mgwó KjvY KvDwÝj MVb K‡i †mev cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
3| kni mgwó DbœqY t evsjv‡`‡k kni mgvR‡mev Kg©m~Px‡Z mxwgZ ch©v‡q mgwó msMVb c×wZ cÖ‡hvM K‡i
wewfbœ DbœqY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 143

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

4| we‡kl mvgvwRK ms¯’v t wkïKj¨vY ms¯’v, cwieviKj¨vY †K›`ª wewfbœ ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖf„wZ mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi
gva¨‡g mgwó msMVb Kvh©µg ev¯—evqY Kiv hvq|
5| m¤ú` AvniY t evsjv`‡‡ki mgwó¸‡jv‡Z eû e¯‘MZ, Ae¯‘MZ AvBbMZ m¤ú` Ae¨eüZ Ae¯’vq c‡o Av‡Q|
G¸‡jvi h_vh_ mØ e¨envi K‡i mgwó msMVb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|
6| cÖwZ‡ekx †K›`ª t DbœZ GjvKvi m‡PZb Rb‡Mvôx wb‡q cÖwZ‡ekx †K›`ª MwVZ nq| GjvKvq mvgvwRK,
mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb I c„ô‡cvlKZv Kiv cwi¯‹vi-cwi”QbœZv Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Kiv mgwó msMVb
Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvqfy³|
myZivs ejv hvq, Dc‡ivwj−wLZ †¶Îmg~‡n mgwó msMVb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqY
1| mgwó msMVb ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
2| mgwómsMV‡bi D‡Ïkª ¸‡jv D‡j−L Ki“b|
3| mgwó msMV‡bi cÖ‡qvM‡¶Î Zy‡j ai“b|
4| GB cv‡V mgwó msV‡bi KqwU cÖ‡hvM †¶Î D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q?
(K) 5wU (L) 6wU (M) 7wU (N) 8wU

mgwó DbœqY
mgwó Dbœq‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ï‡k¨ t evsjv‡`k †`k MÖvg cÖavb GKwU `wi`ª †`k| G‡`‡ki mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi nvwZqvi
n‡”Q mgwó Dbœqb| mgwó Dbœq‡bi j¶¨ ¸‡jv n‡”Q-
1| AmsMwVZ I wew”Qbœ RbMY‡K msMwVZ Kiv;
2| ev¯—egyLx cwiKíbv I Kg©m~Px cÖYq‡b mnvqZv|
3| MÖvgxY RbMY‡K m‡PZb Kiv;
4| KvwiMix Ávb I e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶‡Yi ga¨‡g Drcv`bgyLx I `¶ Rbkw³ m„wó Kiv;
5| RvwZMVbg~jK I †mevg~jK cÖwZôv‡bi gv‡Smgš^q mvab Kiv;
6| RbM‡Yi gv‡S MVbg~jK cwieZ©b Avbqb|
Dc‡iv³ D‡Ïk¨ mg~n‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB mgwó DbœqbKgx© mgwói Dbœq‡bi KvR K‡i hvq|
evsjv‡`‡k mgwó Dbœq‡bi cwiwa I cÖ‡qvM †¶Î t evsjv‡`k c„w_exi `wi`ª ‡`k¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg| G‡`‡ki MÖvg I
kni Dfq mgwó‡ZB mgwóDbœqb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| A‡bK †¯^”Qv‡mex ms¯’v MÖv‡gi `wi`ª R‡Mvôxi
Dbœq‡b G Kg©m~wPi c×wZi mdjZv †`wL‡q‡Qb| ZvQvov kn‡ii AbybœZ Ges ew¯—i wQbœg~j gvby‡li Dbœq‡bI G
Kg©m~wPi mdj cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wb‡b¥ evsjv‡`‡k mgwó Dbœqb c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi m¤¢ve¨ †¶Î mg~n Zz‡j aiv
n‡jvt
1| K…wl DbœqY t evsjv‡`k K…wl cÖavb‡`k| G‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi wmsnfvM Av‡m K…wl †_‡K| K…lK‡`i
AmsMwVZ D‡`¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y K…wl‡Z Avkvb~iƒc mvdj¨ †Pv‡L c‡o bv| mgevq c×wZi AvIZvq K…lK‡`i
msMwVZ K‡i AvaywbK Pvlvev` m¤úwK©Z cÖwk¶Y, †mP e¨e¯’v K…wlRvZcY¨ evRviRvZKi‡bi gva¨‡g K…wli
Dbœqb NUv‡bv m¤¢e|
2| m¤ú‡`i mبenvi t mvgvwRK Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g e¯‘MZ I Ae¯‘MZ m¤ú` D×vi K‡i mgwó Dbœqb Kgx©iv
K…lK‡`i m¤ú‡`i mبenv‡i Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3| gvbe m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi t †`‡k RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j I AÁZv Awk¶v I Kzms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y ewa©Z
RbmsL¨v ‡`‡ki Rb¨ †evSv n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| KvwiMix I e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g ewa©Z Rb‡Mvwô‡K gvbe
m¤ú‡` cwiYZ Kiv hvq|
4| mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv m„wó t evsjv‡`‡ki wmsnfvM †jvK wk¶vi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ| mgvRKg©xMY Zv‡`i AÁZv
I Kzms¯‹vi gy³K‡i m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

BDwbU- 8 c„ôv # 144

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

5| KzwUi wk‡íi DbœqY t evsjv‡`‡ki HwZn¨evnx KzwUi wkí AvR wejywßi c‡_| mgwó DbœqY Kgx©MY cwiKwíZ
Dcv‡q mgevq MV‡bii gva¨‡g KzwUi wkí‡K i¶v K‡i Kg© ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
6| wbi¶iZv `~ixKiY t evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk RbMY wbi¶i mgwó Dbœqb Kg©m~Pxi gva¨‡g DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v,
‰bk we`¨vjq ¯’vcb, AÜ, g~K I ewai‡`i Rb¨ wk¶v Kg©m~Px, ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó welqK wk¶vi e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq|
7| wPË-we‡bv`b t wPË we‡bv`b GKwU Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK Pvwn`v nIqv m‡Z¡I MÖvgv‡ji RbMY wPË we‡bv`‡bi
my‡hvM †_‡K m¤ú~Y© ewÂZ, mgwó Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©µg MÖnY, †Ljv-a~jv bvUK, Rvwi-mvwi Mv‡bi
e¨e¯’v K‡i wPË we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
8| ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZbZv t cywóÁv‡bi Afv‡e G‡`‡ki AwaKvsk †jvK ¯^v¯’¨nxbZvq †fv‡M mgwó Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨
wewa I cywó m¤úwK©Z Ávb`vb K‡i gvbyl‡K ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZb Kiv m¤¢e|
9| mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvavb t evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg, kn‡i †hŠZzK cÖ_v , `vwi`ªZv wbi¶iZv, Aciva cÖebZv cÖf„wZ
bvbvwea mvgvwRK mgm¨v eûiKg bZzb bZzb mgm¨vi m„wó Ki‡Q| mgwó DbœqYKg©xMY cÖMwZkxj wewfbœ Kg©m~Px
MÖnb K‡i mgvwRK mgm¨v wbim‡b c‡iv¶ f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
cwi‡k‡l evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK Dbœqb Kg©m~Pxi cÖ‡qvM †¶‡Î weAviwWwe, evW©, MÖvgxY I †cŠimgvR †mev cÖKí,
Dc‡Rjv mgvR †mev Kg©m~Px mgwó Dbœq‡bi Av`‡j cwiPvwjZ nq|

Abykxjbx
1| mgwó DbœqY ej‡Z wK eyS?
Abya٩ ................................... 5wgwbU|
2| mgwó DbœqY Kg©m~Pxi D‡Ïk¨ ¸‡jv wjLyb |

cvVv‡Ëvi g~j¨vqY
1| GB cv‡V mgwó Dbœq‡Yi KqwU D‡Ïk¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
K) 4wU L) 5wU
M) 6wU N) 7wU|
2| mgwó Dbœq‡Yi m¤¢ve¨ †¶Î KqwU wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
K) 5wU L) 6wU
M) 7wU N) 8wU|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 145

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-5 t mgvR Kj¨vY cÖkvmb

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb mgvRKj¨vb cÖkvmb Kv‡K e‡j Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv
AvaywbK mgvRKj¨vb Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq †Kvb bv †Kvb G‡RÝx ev cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g| cÖwZôv&b gvÎB i‡q‡Q
wbqg-bxwZ I cwiPvjbv e¨e¯’v, Avi myôz cwiPvjbv e¨e¯’vB n‡”Q cÖkvmb A_©vr †h cÖwµqvq †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi
j¶¨vR©‡b I mvgvwRK bxwZ ev¯—evq‡b †ckvMZ `¶Zv cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq ZvB mvgvwRK cÖkvmb| mgvRKg©x‡`i
wbKU GwU mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb bv‡g AwfwnZ|
5.1| mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi msÁv t mvavibZ mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb ej‡Z mgvR K‡g©i G mnvqK c×wZ‡Z eySvq,
hvi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK cÖwZôvbvw` ev mgvR †mevg~jK Kvh©vejxi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †i‡L mvgvwRK bxwZ‡K mgvR
†mevq iƒcvš—i Kiv nq|
mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb m¤ú‡K© msÁv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z †h‡q Rb wm wKo‡b e‡jb- Ó mgvRKj¨vb cÖkvmb n‡”Q
mvgvwRK bxwZ‡K mgvR †mevq cwibZ Kivi Ges mvgvwRK bxwZi ms‡kvab I djvdj g~j¨vq‡bi we‡kl
cÖwµqv Ó|
mgvRweÁvbx †UªKvi Gi g‡Z ÓmgvRKj¨vb cÖkvmb nj mvgvwRK bxwZi ev¯—eiƒc cwiMÖn K‡i Ggb GK
ai‡bi mgvR‡mev Kvh©µg m„wó Kiv, †hLv‡b bxwZ ev c×wZ ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AwfÁZvi AvbygvwbK
e¨envi I Zvi msi¶Y Aš—f~³|Ó
myZivs mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb n‡”Q mvgvwRK bxwZ‡K mgvR ‡mevq cwibZ Kivi GK myk„•Lj cÖwµqv myôz
cwiKíbv I Kg©m~Pxi gva¨‡g mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb cwiPvwjZ nq|
5.2 mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi D‡Ïk¨/Zvrch© t mgvRK‡g©i †gŠwjK c×wZ¸‡jv myôzfv‡e cÖ‡qv‡M mnvqZvq KivB
mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi g~j D‡Ï‡k¨| mgvR Rxeb †_‡K e¨w³MZ, `jxq I mgwó mgm¨v †gvK‡ejvi Rb¨
Av‡iv KwZcq mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q Zv wb‡b¥ Zz‡j Kiv n‡jv|
1| mvgvwRK bxwZ‡K mgvR‡mevq iƒcvš—wiZ Kiv t mvgvwRK bxwZ AvBb I Kg©m~Px ev¯—evq‡bievnb n‡”Q
mvgvwRK cÖkvmb, mvgvwRKbxwZ‡K mgvR‡mevq iƒcvš—wiZ KivB n‡”Q mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb gyL¨ D‡Ï‡k¨|
2| myôz cwiKíbv cÖYqY t mvgvwRK bxwZi Av‡jv‡K myôz cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯—evqb KivB mgvRKj¨vY
cÖkvm‡bi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© D‡Ï‡k¨ I j¶¨|
3| RbKj¨vY wbwðZ Kivt mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb ev G‡RÝxi g~j j¶¨ n‡”Q RbM‡Yi m‡e©v”P Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kiv|
mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb RbM‡Yi Kj¨vY wbwðZKivi cÖqvm Pvjvq|
4| Kg©Pvix‡`i `¶Zv e„w× t G‡RÝx‡Z Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM Ki‡jB Kg©m~Px mdj n‡e bv| Zv‡`i `¶Zv AR©‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y `vb K‡i| Kvh©µg‡K MwZkxj Ki‡Z n‡e|
5| mgš^q mvab t mgš^q mvab mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi Ab¨Zg Mi“Z¡c~Y© D‡Ïk¨| cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ mswk−ó Ab¨vb¨
ms¯’vi †mevg~jK Kg©m~Pxi mv‡_ mgš^q mvab cÖ‡qvRb nq|
6| mvgÄm¨weavb t cwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi Kg©m~Px MÖnY Ges RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v I cwieZ©b
Abyhvqx †mev Kg©m~Px cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| G Rb¨ cÖkvm‡b bgbxqZv †i‡L mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv Ab¨Zg
D‡Ïk¨|
7| Rbms‡hvM i¶v t mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q †mevg~jK Kg©m~Px‡Z RbM‡bi AskMÖnY|
RbM‡Yi hv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnvh¨ †c‡q Dbœq‡bi mydj‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ Rbms‡hvMi¶v Ki‡Z nh|
8| ‡bZ…‡Z¡i weKvkt cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨‡`i gv‡S `¶ †bZ…Z¡ M‡o †Zvjv mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨|
m`m¨‡`i myß cÖwZfvi weKvk NwU‡q †bZ…‡Z¡ ‡`qvi Rb¨ cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv nq|

BDwbU- 8 c„ôv # 146

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

9| MYZvwš¿K cwi‡ek m„wó t cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L Kg©m~Px cÖYqb I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y m`m¨‡`i
gZvgZ MÖnY Z_v MYZvwš¿K ci‡ek m„wó mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi Ab¨Zg Mi“Z¡c~Y© w`K|
10| bxwZ I c×wZi ms‡kvab t cÖwZôv‡b KvR Ki‡Z †h‡q m`m¨‡`i †h ev¯—e AwfÁZv AwR©Z nh Zvi Av‡jv‡K
cÖ‡qvR‡b mvgvwRKbxwZ I mgvR‡mev c×wZ cwieZ©Y I ms‡kvab mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi AZ¨š— Mi“Z¡c~Y©
j¶¨|
mvgvwRK cÖkvmb‡K A_©en Kivi Rb¨ D‡j−wLZ j¶¨ mg~n ev¯—evqb n‡”Q mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqY
1| mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
2| mgvRKgj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¸‡jv D‡j−L Ki“b|
3| GB cv‡V mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvm‡bi KqwU D‡Ïk¨ D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(K) 8wU (L) 9wU (M) 10 wU (N) 11wU

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 147

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-6 t mgvRKg© M‡elYv

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

M‡elYv Kv‡Ke‡j Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgvRKg© M‡elYvi msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgvRKg© M‡elYvi cÖK…wZ ej‡Z cvi‡eb

mgvRKg© M‡elbvi cwiwa I ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv
ARvbv‡K Rvbv, A‡`Lv‡K †`Lvi B‡”Q gvby‡li wPiš—b cÖeYZv, hv †_‡K M‡elYvi D™¢e| eZ©gvb hyM M‡elYvi hyM|
†Kvb welq m¤ú‡K© myk„s•Lj I ˆeÁvwbK mZ¨vbymÜvb cÖwµqvB n‡”Q M‡elYv AvaywbK mgvRK‡g©i Dbœq‡b M‡elYv
AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq|
6.1 M‡elbvi avibv I msÁv t mvaviYZ AbymÜvb cÖwµqvB n‡”Q M‡elYv| †h cÖwµqvq ch©‡e¶Y I cix¶v
wbix¶vi gva¨‡gZZ¡ Avwe¯‹v‡ii cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv nq| Av‡b©ó MÖxY DW Gi g‡Z,M‡elbv n‡”Q Áv‡bi mÜv‡b
e¨eüZ DbœZgv‡bi Kvh© cÖbvjx| (Researche’s definable the use of standarzed procedures in
the search for knowledge)
big¨vb G †cvjvb¯‹xZv Gi g‡Z ÒM‡elYv n‡”Q Ggb GK myk„•Lj AbymÜvb hv cÖPwjZ Ávb fvÛvi‡K
Ggbfv‡e m„gy×vkvjx K‡i hv cÖPvi‡hvM¨|
Dc‡iv³ msÁv¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq mgvRRxe‡bi hveZxq Dbœqb m¤úwK©Z wel‡qi Z_¨vbymÜvb I
we‡k−l‡bi gva¨‡g bZzb avibv m„wó Ges cyivZb avibv I Z‡Z¡i gyj¨vqYB n‡”Q M‡elYv|
6.2 mgvRKg© M‡elYv (Social work research) t mgvRKj¨v‡Yi GKwU mnvqK c×wZ n‡”Q mgvRKg©
M‡elYv| mvaviYZ mgvRK‡g©i ms‡½ mswk−ó welq ev cÖkœ m¤ú‡K© myk„•Lj I weÁvb m¤§Z AbymÜvbB n‡”Q
mgvRKg© M‡elYv|
Iqvëvi G. d«xWj¨vÛvi e‡jb ÒmgvRKg© M‡elYv nj mgvRKj¨v‡Yi Ggb ev myk„•Lj AbymÜvb c×wZ hvi
j¶¨ n‡”Q mgvRK‡g©i wewfbœ cÖkœ ev mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Dcvq †LvuRv Ges mgvRK‡g©i Ávb I avibv mg~‡ni
mvaviYxKiY Ges m¤cÖmviY Kiv|Ó
Av‡b©ó MÖxbDW- Gi g‡Z, mgvRK‡g©i ÁvbI welq mg~‡ni we¯—…wZ NUv‡bv Ges mvaviYxKi‡Yi Rb¨
mvgÄm¨c~Y© Z_¨vbymÜvb‡K mgvRKg© M‡elYv ejv nq|
6.3 mgvRKg© M‡elYvi cÖK…wZ I avc t mgvRK‡g©i `k©b I g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwˇZB mxwgZ mgvRK‡g©i j¶¨ ev¯—
evwqZ nq| d‡j †gŠwjK M‡elbv Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvM mxwgZ| Ab¨vb¨ M‡elYvi b¨vq ˆeÁvwbK Ges myk•Lj I
mywbw`©wó avc AbymiY Kiv‡bv mgvRKg© M‡elYvq mvaviYZ wb‡b¥v³ avc AbymiY K‡i|
K) welqe¯‘ wbe©vPb;
L) Abygvb MVb;
M) M‡elYv bK&kv ˆZix;
O) we‡k−lY;
P) e¨vL¨v `vb I g~j¨vqY;
6.4 mgvRKg© M‡elYvi cwiwa I ¸i“Z¡ t Scope and Iomportance of social research- AvaywbK
mgvRKg© GKwU weÁvb wfwËK Abykxjb cÖwµqv mgvR Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v mg~‡ni Kvh©Kix mgvav‡bi Rb¨
wewfbœ Kg©m~Pxi mvnvh¨ ‡bq| wb‡b¥ mgvRKg© M‡elYvi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1| mvgvwRK mgm¨v wbY©q I we‡k−lY t mgvR Rxe‡b cÖwZwbqZ bvbvwea AevwÃZ mgm¨v i‡q‡Q hv M‡elYv e¨ZxZ
mvgvwRK mgm¨v wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq bv, wewfbœ mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn I ¸i“Z¡ we‡k−l‡Y mgvRKg©
M‡elYvi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg|

BDwbU- 8 c„ôv # 148

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

2| mgvRKg© †ckvi Ávb D™¢veb t mvgvwRK M‡elYv n‡”Q mgvR m¤úwK©Z e¯‘wbô I hyw³ msMZ ÁvbvR©‡bi
ˆeÁvwbKDcvq| mgvRKg© wewfbœ weÁvb †_‡K Ávb AvniY K‡i GKwU wbR¯^ Ávb fvÛvi I Abykxjb ZZ¡
M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|
3| mgvRKg© c×wZi DbœqY t mgvRK‡g©i AwR©Z Ávb Gi †gŠwjK I mvnvh¨ c×wZi gva¨‡g gvbe Kj¨v‡Y
cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| G me c×wZ hv‡Z AviI Kvh©Ki I djcÖmy nq †mRb¨ mgvRKg© M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
4| mgvRKg© bxwZ I cwiKíbv cÖYqb t mgvRKg© M‡elYvi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri mvwe©K Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© ev¯—e
wbf©i‡hvM¨ Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i mvgvwRK bxwZ I cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv hvq|
5| mgvR m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b t mgv‡Ri wewfbœ e¨w³, †Mvôx, `j, m¤cÖ`vq, Kg©iZ wewfbœ ms¯’v I G‡`i f~wgKv
Kvh©µg cÖf„wZ m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©‡bi Rb¨ mgvRKg© M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb|
6| †ckvi DbœqY t mgvRKg© c×wZ mg~‡ni cÖ‡qvM, Abykxjb cÖwµqv, †ckvMZ mgvRK‡g©i eZ©gvb iƒc BZ¨vKvi
welq mg~n AewnZ nIqvi Rb¨ mgvRKg© M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb|
7| mvgvwRK AvBb cÖYqY t mgvRKgx©MY mvgvwRK M‡elYvi gva¨‡g mgvRRxe‡bi AevwÃZ, ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv
Zz‡j a‡i mswk−ó KZ…©c¶‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ mycvwik Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
8| m¤ú` wba©viY t mgv‡R e¯‘MZ I Ae¯‘MZ cÖPzi m¤ú` i‡q‡Q hv mبe¨env‡ii gva¨‡g RbKj¨v‡Y e¨envi
Kiv m¤¢e| m¤ú` m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ mvgvwRK M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb|
9| mgvRKj¨vY Kg©m~Px cÖYq‡b mnvqK t mvgvwRK mgm¨vi KviY, cÖK…wZ wbim‡bi Rb¨ ev¯—e m¤§Z Ávb
cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ mgvRKg© M‡elYvi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg|
10| m‡PZbZv m„wó t evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk †jvKB Awkw¶Z, AÁ I Kzms¯‹v‡i Av”Qbœ| we‡klZ MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôx
AvZ¥ m‡PZb bq d‡j Zviv fvM¨ wbf©i Rxeb hvcb K‡i| mgvRKg© M‡elYvi gva¨‡g cÖvß wewfbœ Z_¨ I
Dcv‡Ëi gva¨‡g h_vh_ Kg©m~Px cÖbqb K‡i mgv‡Ri wcwQ‡q cov Rb‡Mvôx‡K m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv m¤¢e|
myZivs ejv hvq, mgvRKj¨vY †K mv_©K K‡i †ZvjviRb¨ mgvRKg© M‡elYvi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg|

cv‡VvËi gyj¨vqY
1| M‡elYvi msÁv w`b|
2| mgvRKg© M‡elYv ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
3| mgvRKRg© M‡elYvi ¸i“Z¡ Zz‡j ai“b|
4| GB cv‡V M‡elYvi KqwU avc D‡j−L n‡q‡Q ?
(K) 6wU (L) 8wU (M) 10 wU (N) 12 wU|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 149

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV-7 t mvgvwRK Kvh©µg

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU c‡o Avcwb

mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi aviYv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

f~wgKv
mvgvwRK Kvh©µg mgvR K‡g©i GKwU mnvqK c×wZ wn‡m‡e mgvR Rxe‡b cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK cwieZ©b
Avbq‡b cÖqvm Pvjvq|
msÁv I avibv t Wwe−D. G. d«xW j¨vÛv‡ii g‡Z ÒmvgvwRK Kvh©µg n‡”Q Ggb GK ai‡bi `jxq cÖ‡Póv, hvi Øviv
mvgvwRK AvBb ev cÖkvmb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i e¨vcK mvgvwRK mgm¨vi mgvavb I mvgvwRK AMÖMwZ mva‡bi †Póv Kiv
nq|Ó
GwjRv‡e_ DB‡K‡Ûb Gi g‡Z, ÒmvgvwRK bxwZi cwieZ©b wKsev mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi ms‡kvab ev we‡jvc mva‡bi
j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ msMwVZ mgvRKj¨vY g~jK cÖ‡Póv nj mvgvwRK Kvh©µg|Ó
mgvRRxe‡b cwiKwíZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi j‡¶¨ mvgvwRK Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq|

7.2 mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ t mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ e¨vcK I we¯—…Z| Zb¥‡a¨
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU D‡Ïk¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡jvt
1| mvgvwRK bxwZ cÖYq‡bi †¶Î cÖ¯‘Z Kiv|
2| mgvRK‡g©i bZzb Ávb, ZË¡ I †KŠkjD™¢veb Kiv|
3| mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨vejx wPwýZ Kiv|
4| mgvRKg©x‡`i †ckvMZ ‰bc~Y¨ I `¶Zv e„wׇZ mnvqZv Kiv|
5| mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ I AbMÖmi †kªYxi ¯^v_© msi¶Y|
6| mgvRKg©‡K AwaKZi weÁvb wfwËK Kivi gva¨‡g †ckvi Dbœqb mvab|
7| Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Û RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i|
8| cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgvwRK AvBb I bxwZ cÖYq‡bi my‡hvM m„wó|

7.3 mvgvwRK Kvh©µg c×wZi ¸i“Z¡/cÖ‡qvRbxqZv t mnvqK c×wZ wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK Kvh©µg c×wZi ¸i“Z¡
Acwimxg| evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©- mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi †cÖw¶‡Z †h me mvgvwRK mgm¨v‡K †K›`ª K‡i mvgvwRK
Kvh©µg M‡o †Zvjv hvq †m¸‡jv wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv t
1| RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y t RbmsL¨v ùxwZ evsjv‡`‡ki GK b¤^i RvZxq mgm¨v| AÁZv, Kzms¯‹vi I agx©q †Mvuovgxi
Kvi‡Y RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y Kg©m~Px mdj n‡”Q bv| RbM‡Yi g‡bvfve cwieZ©b I AvB‡bi mdj cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î
mvgvwRK Kvh©µg c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
2| bxwZ I AvBb cÖYqb t mgvRK‡g©i mvgvwRK Kvh©µg c×wZi gva¨‡g MY‡hvMv‡hvM MYms‡hvM I RbgZ MVb
K‡i mvgvwRK bxwZ I AvBb cÖYq‡bi Dchy³ cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv m¤¢e|
3| bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva t evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK AvbvPvi wn‡m‡e bvix wbh©vZb †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| nZ¨v, al©Y,
AcniY, GwmW wb‡¶‡ci wei“‡× mvgvwRK Kvh©µg c×wZ cÖ‡qvMK‡i `„wó fw½ I g‡bvfv‡ei cwieZ©b Avbqb
Kiv hvq|
4| Kvw•LZ cwieZ©b Avbqb t mgvR m`vcwieZ©bkxj, wKš‘ me cwieZ©bB Kvw•LZ bv| d‡j cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi
mwnZ gvbyl Lvc LvB‡q Pj‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB evwÃZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡b mvgvwRK Kvh©µg c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv
hvq|

BDwbU- 8 c„ôv # 150

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

5| Ae‡nwjZ †kªYxi ¯^v_© msi¶Y t mgv‡R bvix, wkï, msL¨vjNy, wbhv©wZZ I ewÂZ †kªYxi ¯^v_© msi‡¶‡Y
mvgvwRK Kvh©µg c×wZi cÖ‡qvM ¸i“Z¡ c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
6| RbgZ m„wó t mgv‡R cÖPwjZ Ky-cÖ_v, Kz-ixwZ I Kzms¯‹vi `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mycwiKwíZ RbgZ MVb|
RbgZ MVb K‡i gv`Kvmw³,bvix wbh©vZb, AcniY, al©Y, GwmW wb‡¶‡ci wei“‡× RbMY‡K m‡PZb Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
7| wf¶ve„wË `~ixKiY t evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg mvgvwRK mgm¨v I AbvPvi n‡”Q wf¶ve„wË| wf¶e„wË wb‡ivaK‡í
1943 mv‡ji e½xq feNy‡i AvBb _vK‡jI AvBb m¤ú‡K© RbMY m‡PZb bb, m¶g wf¶zK‡`i wf¶v`v‡b
AbyrmvwnZ Kiv I wf¶yK‡`i c~be©vm‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK Kvh©µg c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
8| gv`Kvmw³ †iva t eZ©gvb Zi“Y cÖRb¥ me©bvkv gv`‡Ki w`‡K Sz‡uK m„Rbkxj cÖwZfv aes‡mi w`‡K G¸‡”Q,
gv`Kvmw³i wei“‡× mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjvi mymsMwVZ Dcvq n‡”Q mvgvwRK Kvh©µg|
9| `~Y©xwZ †iva t evsjv‡`‡ki mKj DbœqY Kg©Kv‡Ûi cÖavb cÖwZeÜK n‡”Q `~bx©wZ| wewfbœ Kv‡R Nyl, Lv‡`¨
†fRvj wgkªY, †PvivKvievi, A_© AvZœmvr cÖwZwbqZ mgvR Rxeb‡K KjywlZ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| G †¶‡Î mycwiKwíZ
I mymsMwVZ `jxq cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjvi ev¯—e m¤§Z Dcvq n‡”Q mvgvwRK Kvh©µg|
mvgvwRK Kvh©µg †mwgbvi, wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Awfbq, Rxewš—Kv, bvUK BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g mgv‡R AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wói
mnvqK|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqY
1| mvgvwRK Kvh©µg ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
2| mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ ¸‡jv wjLyb|
3| mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡j−L Ki“b|
4| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k (
) wUK wPý w`b
(1) mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi MÖnY‡hvM¨ msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †K?
(K) wd«Wj¨vÛvi (L) g¨vKvBfvi
(M) Gj. †K. d«v¼ (N) wMwjb|
(2) GB cv‡Vi mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡gi KqwU ¸i“Z¡ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q?
(K) 5wU (L) 7wU
(M) 9wU (N) 11wU|

mgvRKj¨vY c„ôv # 151