8

Science
Quarter 1 - Module 9
Electricity
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 — Module 9: Electricity
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer(s): John Jefferson A.Teves

Reviewer(s): Nilda U. Villegas, EPS – Science

Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS
Ma. Thessa Jude C. Dalupere – MT-1

Evaluator: Ma. Cynthia E. Herodico

Illustrator(s): Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II

Layout Artist: John Jefferson A. Teves

Management Team

Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Schools Division Superintendent

Co- Conniebel C. Nistal, PhD

Chairperson: Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Pablito B. Altubar, CID Chief

Members: Nilda U. Villegas, EPS - Science

Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City

Telefax: 088-328-0108 / 088328-0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph
 8
Science
Quarter 1 - Module 9
Electricity
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. i
How to Learn from this Module ...........................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module ...............................................................................................................................ii
What I Know ........................................................................................................................................... .iii

Lesson 1:
Series & Parallel Connection………………………………………1
What’s In: Activity 1: Name Me …………………………………………………………1
What I Need to Know.…….......................................................................................1
What’s New: Activity 2: Am I Important?..................................................................1
What Is It …...……………………………………………………………………………..2
What’s More: Activity 3: What AM I?……………………..….…………………………3
What I Have Learned: Activity 4: My Realizations……………….….………………..3
What I Can Do: Activity 5: Draw and Explain …..………..……………………… …3

Lesson 2:
Electrical Power & Electrical Energy ……………………………4
What’s In: Activity 1: Complete Me……………………………………....…………….4
What I Need to Know…….......................................................................................4
What’s New: Activity 2: Same or Different? …………………..................................4
What Is It………………………………………..………………………………………...5
What’s More: Activity 3: Word Search………………………………………..…….….6
What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Compare Us…………..……….…………………...7
What I Can Do: Activityv 5: Solve Me ………………..….……...……….….…………7

Lesson 3:
Safety Devices at Home …………..………………………………8
What’s In: Activity 1: Guessing Time ……………..………..…………..……….…….8
What I Need to Know …….....................................................................................8
What’s New: Activity 2: Tell Me ………………………….........................................9
What Is It……………………………………………………….………………………...9
What’s More: Activity 3: Draw and Label …………………………..………….…….11
What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Answer Me ………………….………….………...11
What I Can Do: Activity 5: Q and A …………………..………………………………11

Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………12
Assessment: (Post-Test) ……………………………………………………………………..13
Key to Answers ......................................................................................................................... 14
References.................................................................................................................................. 20
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About

Electricity is already a basic necessity today. With all the activities we do daily, almost
all of them requires electricity. It’s coming into the lives of people that has made some work
easier and faster. From grocery stores, internet cafés, offices, even schools need electricity.
At home, the use of rice cooker, cell phones, laptops, refrigerator, television for entertainment
and computers requires electricity to function properly. An hour of black out or brown out
could already affect someone’s hour.
The topic electricity has been discussed already in your elementary years. I believe
you have known already which materials or gadgets needs electricity and which one do not.
You have come to know the importance of electricity when you know its value. Primarily, the
different materials needed to conduct electricity, the conductors of electricity, how a certain
electricity run in a certain circuit with its needed components and also how electrical energy
has changed or transformed to other form of energy like mechanical or chemical.
In this module, you will learn first the basics of electricity. What makes an electrical
current run in a certain material? You will get to know about charges and how it is related to
current.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you should be able to:

1. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel connection in
home.
2. Differentiate electrical power and electrical energy.
3. Explain the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulations, and
other safety devices in home.

i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know

Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer.

1. In the circuit below, which two elements are connected parallel to each other?

a. A and B
b. B and C
c. C and D
d. A and D
2. A circuit that has only one electric flow is _______.
a. battery circuit b. paper circuit c. series circuit d. parallel circuit
3. To find out the electrical consumption at home, we should look at the
a. generator b. transformer c. electric meter d. circuit
breaker
4. What happens to the intensity or the brightness of the lamps connected in series as
more and more lamps are added?
a. increases c. remains the same
b. decreases d. cannot be predicted
5. Why are fuses and circuit breakers used in circuits?
a. Fuses and circuit breakers open to the circuit when a large amount of current
flows through the circuit.
b. Fuses and circuit breakers increase the efficiency of the appliances within the
circuit.
c. Fuses and circuit breakers insulate the connection in the circuit.
d. Fuses and circuit breakers can help out the electrical consumption.
6. The Philippines promotes on a 220-supply voltage. V is a unit of what quantity?
a. velocity b. voltage c. current d. resistance
7. In the circuit below, which two elements are connected series to each other?

a. A and B
b. B and C
c. C and D
d. A and D

8. The circuit element labeled E in no. 7 is a schematic diagram of

a. voltage source b. bulb c. resistor d. switch

9. When the electrical current CANNOT flow, the circuit is _______.

a. broken b. close c. loose d. open
10. A circuit that has only one electric flow is _____________.
a. battery circuit b. paper circuit c. series circuit d. parallel circuit
 iii

Lesson Series & Parallel Connections

1
What’s In
Activity 1: Name Me!
Directions: Look at the illustrations below and identify the series and parallel
connections. Write S for series and P for parallel.

1. ____ 2. ____

Image source::
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F324329610636958845%2F&psig=
AOvVaw38oqzp7AOLtmpm3sAkcSWq&ust=1593476598573000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIj-
64_hpeoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAN

What I Need to Know

Objectives: After doing all the activities, the students must be able to explain
the advantages and the disadvantages of series and parallel connections in homes.

What’s New
Activity 2: Am I Important?
Directions: Read the questions below and answer them correctly.
1. Cite at least 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of the following
a. Series connections in homes.
b. Parallel connections in homes.
2. Explain your answers briefly.

1
What Is It
In physics, particularly electronics, a circuit is a closed path that allows
electricity to flow from one point to another. It may include various electrical
components, such as energy source (battery/voltage), a load (bulb/resistor), a
conductive path (connecting wire), and a switch.
An electric circuit works by providing a closed-loop system to permit current
to flow through a system. Electrons must be ready to flow throughout the circuit,
completing a path from one pole of the ability source to the opposite. One
example of a straightforward circuit may be a battery connected to a lightbulb.
In a simple circuit, voltage flows through the conductive path to the resistor,
which does some work. Resistors--things like light bulbs, speakers, and
motors--and electric circuits power these devices to undertake to to the work
that their makers wanted them to undertake to to.
Figure 1. Series & Parallel Circuit

Image source:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fimage-vector%2Fvector-
illustration-series-parallel-circuits-
1044969850&psig=AOvVaw3CvrnZdm7vDisNHxBD8l9z&ust=1594442114075000&source=images&cd=vfe&v
ed=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJCN0_HtweoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI
In the series connection, there's only one path for current because
there's but one loop of connecting wire. With this connection, for a part of the
circuit, the quantity of current remains constant. that's why elements connected
asynchronous have the identical current. As you added more bulbs within the
loop, each bulb turned dimmer because the voltage was divided among the
bulbs. Also, the resistance of the circuit increased because the resistance of
every bulb added up. Remember that earlier we've discussed that elements
that consume energy opposes the flow of electrons because they need
resistance.
On the opposite hand, loop connection was shown in figure 1 above. If
you are attempting to examine the circuit, there are many possible paths for
the electricity because each element is independently connected to the voltage
source. Since current takes many paths, it's divided among the weather or
bulbs. But since each bulb is connected independently to the source, each
element has the identical potential because the source, that is, technically
speaking, they're of the identical voltage.
2
 One of the benefits of parallel circuits is that they ensure all components
within the circuit have the identical voltage because the source. for example,
all bulbs in an exceedingly string of lights have the identical brightness. the
most important advantage of a electric circuit is that you simply can add
additional power devices, usually using batteries. this can greatly increase the
force of your output by supplying you with more power. The disadvantage of a
parallel connection becomes apparent with a brief circuit, like when someone
jams a wire between the 2 contacts of an electric receptacle. a brief circuit has
very low resistance, which successively causes current within the circuit to
extend tremendously, and bang! the primary disadvantage is that, if one
component during a circuit fails, then all the components within the circuit fail
because the circuit has been broken. The second disadvantage is that the more
components there are during a circuit, the greater the circuit's resistance.

What’s More
Activity 3: What Am I?
Directions: Fill in the incomplete sentences below.
1. I am a series connection. One of my
advantages_________________________________________________
because ___________________________________________________.
2. I am a parallel connection. One of my
advantages_________________________________________________
because ___________________________________________________.

What I Have Learned?

Activity 4: My Realizations
Directions: Write a short paragraph with 7 – 10 sentences of your realizations
about the advantages of series and parallel connections in homes.

What I Can Do?

Activity 5: Draw and Explain
Directions: Draw a series and parallel connections in homes in your activity
notebook. Tell their advantages and disadvantages and explain them briefly.

3
 Electrical Power & Electrical
Lesson Energy
2
What’s In
Activity 1: Complete Me
Directions: Read the statements properly and complete them correctly.

1. One of the advantages of series connections is, there is only a single path for
electric current because _____________________________________.
2. One of the advantages of parallel connections is, it has many possible paths
of electrical flow because __________________________________.

What I Need to Know

Objectives. After doing all the activities, the students must be able to
differentiate electrical power and electrical energy.

What’s New
Activity 2: Same or Different?
Directions: Below are statements which tells about electrical power and
electrical energy. Identify each statement whether electrical power by writing
EP and electrical energy by writing EE on the blank spaces provided before
the number.
___ 1. The rate at which work is done. The rate at which electrical energy is
transferred to a circuit.
___ 2. Is a measure of how much energy is used in a span of time.
___ 3. Refers to the energy resulting from the flow of electric charge.
___ 4. Defined as an electric charge that lets work be accomplished.
___ 5. It is usually produced by electric generators, but can also be supplied
by sources such as electric batteries.

4
What Is It
Electric Power
Is the rate at which work is completed. the speed at which electricity is
transferred to a circuit. it's also the speed, per unit time, at which electricity is
transferred by an electrical circuit. The SI unit of power is Watt (W in symbol),
is equal to one joule per second. electrical power is sometimes produced by
electric generators, but may also be supplied by sources like electric batteries.
Electrons are given energy by a voltage source or battery in v (volts or
Coulombs/seconds C/s) where C/s is electric potential energy and also
electrons pass through the circuit and collide with atom in components and lose
its energy and converted into heat, light, or motion.

Figure 2. A refrigerator having

150 W power
In symbol,
P = power, unit is W (watt)
example: P=1800 W and 1 W = 1 J/s

Formula
Power (P) = I (current) x V (voltage)

Image source:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdiy.
stackexchange.com%2Fquestions%2F53530%2Fwhat-is-
the-power-consumption-of-my-lg-
refrigerator&psig=AOvVaw0ObeOz7zVtn52lbCYYolJC&ust=
1594443973236000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjR
Electrical Energy xqFwoTCJjBgej0weoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Refers to an energy that uses electric energy. Electric and electronic

devices consume electric energy to come up with desired output (i.e., light,
heat, motion, etc.). During operation, some a part of the energy, looking on the
electrical efficiency, is consumed in unintended output, like waste heat.
electricity could be a kind of energy resulting from the flow of electrical charge.
Energy is that the ability to try and do work or apply force to maneuver an
object. within the case of electricity, the force is electrical attraction or repulsion
between charged particles. Electric energy is most frequently measured either
in joules (J), or in watt hours (W·h) representing a continuing power over a
period of your time. That is;
 1 W·s = 1 J
 1 W·h = 3600 W·s = 3600 J

The formula that links energy and power is: Energy = Power x Time. The
unit of energy is the joule, the unit of power is the watt, and the unit of time is
the second.

5
 Sample problem. A microwave oven with a power rating of 1, 200 W is
used for 0.25 hour. How much electrical energy is used by the microwave?

1. This is what you know electric power used: P = 1, 200 W (1.2 w)

1 kW (kilowatt = 1000 watt)
Time is 0.25 hour
2. This is what you need to find electrical energy used: E
3. Used the formula E = Pt
4. Subtitute: E = (1.2) x (0.25) = 0.30
The values of P and t into
The formula and multiply
Determine the units unit of E = (unit of P) x (unit of t) = kW x h =
kWh
Final Answer: The electrical energy used is 0.30 kWh

What’s More
Activity 3: Word Search

Directions: Locate the needed word below by encircling and writing the answers
on the blank provided.
1. The rate at which __________ energy is transferred to a circuit.
2. Electric energy is most often measured either in ______.
3. Electrons pass through the circuit and collide with atom in components and
lose its energy and converted into ______ e.g., heat, light, or motion.
4. The unit of electrical power is the ____.
5. Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is
transferred by an electric _______

W H G O F E D T C E S U F K L F

A J O U L E S D I Y W C I J E N

W V T P I U Y V R B H B M R D G

Y J Y A I G R G C C Z K O A Q H

X S P L R H Q J U F I G S L P R

A Q O E K B Z Q I K J B W A T T

Z R N M C X D E T L M T M N S O

V E L E C T R I C A L X N U P T

6
What I Have Learned?
Activity 4: Compare Us
Directions: Use the diagram below to identify the difference and similarities of
electrical power and electrical energy.

Electric Power Electric Energy

Differences Differences
Similarities

What I Can Do?

Activity 5: Solve Me
Directions: Solve the following problems. Show your solutions.
1. A blender works on for 10.0 hours. If the power rating of the blender is 700
watts, how much electrical energy does the blender used?
2. A flat iron operated for 0.75 hour and used 3.0 kWh of electrical energy.
What is the power rating of the flat iron?

7
Lesson Electrical Hazards & Safety
3
What’s In
Activity 1: Guessing Time
Directions: Identify the following illustrations/drawings.

1. __________

2. _________________

3. ________________________

Images sources
https://www.swe-check.com.au/images/group/fuses.jpg
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiamart.com%2Fproddetail%2Fminiature-circuit-breaker-c32-
6866989973.html&psig=AOvVaw2H_i4p42qA4r-
94jAam0_M&ust=1593484637999000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNiG3ZmApuoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

What I Need to Know

Objectives. After doing all the activities, the students must be able to
explain the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulation, and
other safety devices in the home.

8
 What’s New
Activity 2: Tell Me
Directions: Tell the functions of the following safety devices in the home and
explain them briefly.
1. Circuit Breakers
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. Fuses
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Earthing
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Double Insulations
Functions _______________________________________________
Explain _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

What Is It

Indeed, electricity is a vital a part of our lives that can't be taken with a pinch
of salt. To avoid accidents, it's important that we've basic knowledge on electricity
and exercise caution in managing it. As an extra protection, some devices is also
also placed in our circuit that function as breakers whenever there are faults and
problems with the circuit. Our homes are fed with electricity through lead wires called
lines which are connected to outlets inside the house. The voltage impressed on
these lines is applied to appliances and other devices that are connected in parallel
to those lines. As more devices are connected to those lines, more pathways are
provided for the present. thanks to the lowered combined resistance of appliances
in parallel, a greater number of current passes through the wire and warmth is
generated. If the lines carry quite the safe amount of current, the resulting heat may
melt the insulation and begin a fireplace. The lines are said to be overloaded. it's
therefore important that our loads (appliances) reception matches the available
voltage source. In some case, voltage regulators could also be used. to forestall
overloading, fuses are connected serial with the facility itinerary, making the whole
line current suffer it first before reaching the hundreds. Fuses are made of metal
ribbon that may heat up and melt if the present exceeds the critical value. If the ribbon
melts, there's a prospect within the circuit. Once the fuse is blown out, it must get
replaced with a replacement one once the source of overloading is set and remedied.

Circuits may also be protected by circuit breakers that use magnets and
bimetallic strip to open a switch in cases of overloading. Circuit breakers are often
used instead of fuses in modern buildings because they do not have to be replaced
each time the circuit is opened.

9
A fuse and circuit breaker both serve to protect an overloaded
electrical circuit by interrupting the continuity, or the flow of electricity. Fuses tend to
be quicker to interrupt the flow of power, but must be replaced after they melt,
while circuit breakers can usually simply be reset.

Double insulation
 Some appliances - such as vacuum cleaners and electric drills - do not have
an earth wire. This is because they have plastic casings, or they have been
designed so that the live wire cannot touch the casing. As a result, the casing
cannot give an electric shock, even if the wires inside become loose.
 An electrical appliance which is double insulated does not have an earth
wire fitted. The appliance is designed in such a way that the electrical
parts can never come into contact with the outer casing of the device.
 Double insulation protects the user of the appliance from an electrical shock
by preventing any possibility of the external casing becoming live (the live
wire cannot touch the casing even if wires inside become loose), thus
eliminating the need for an earth connection.
 Double insulation protects the user of the appliance from an electrical shock
by preventing any possibility of the external casing becoming live (the live
wire cannot touch the casing even if wires inside become loose), thus
eliminating the need for an earth connection.

Earthing is the process of transferring the immediate discharge of

the electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low resistance
wire is known as the electrical earthing. Mostly, the galvanized iron is used for
the earthing. The earthing provides the simple path to the leakage current.
Earthing of a system is done in the installation to connect the respective
parts with electrical conductors or electrodes. The electrode is placed near the
soil or below the ground level, which has flat iron riser under the ground. The
noncurrent-carrying parts are connected with the flat iron.
Why is an Earthing Necessary? Earthing is an important component of
electrical systems because of the following reasons: It keeps people safe by
preventing electric shocks. It prevents damage to electrical appliances and
devices by preventing excessive current from running through the circuit.

10

What’s More
 Activity 3: Draw and Label
Directions: In your activity notebook, draw one safety device at home and
explain its function.

What I have Learned?

Activity 4: Answer Me
Directions: Answer the following questions below.
1. What are circuit breakers, fuses, and double insulations?

2. Explain their functions briefly.

What I Can Do?

Activity 5: Q and A
Directions: Do a survey to an adult member of your family and your Barangay
electrician. Ask them of the importance of circuit breakers, fuses, and other safety
devices at home and any establishment. Then consolidate their answers in your
activity notebook.

11

Summary
 In this module we have learned that:

1. Circuits provide continuous pathway for electricity to travel. Circuits are composed of
sources, loads and connecting wires, which are considered to have negligible
resistance.
2. Circuit connections can be series or parallel. In circuit connection, there is only one
path of electricity and elements connected in this way have the same current. In
parallel connections, there is more than one possible path for electricity to flow.
Elements connected in parallel have the same voltage.
3. Ohm’s law relates current, voltage and resistance. It states that current is directly
proportional to voltage.
4. Power ratings of appliance provide the basis for computing electrical energy
consumption. As the power rating and the longer time of use increase, the amount of
electrical energy used increases.
5. Electricity can be both useful and harmful as well. It is important that we practice
precaution in dealing with it.
6. Electrical sources and loads must be matched correctly to avoid overloading. Fuses
and circuit breakers are devices that ensure safety when faults and problems in a
circuit arise.

12

Assessment: (Post-Test)
Direction: For each item encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1.Two bulbs are connected and plugged to the outlet as shown in the figure. Both bulbs have
the same,

a. current
b. voltage
c. resistance
d. voltage and current
2. When a third bulb is added to the connection in no.1, what happens to the intensity and
brightness of the bulbs?
a. remains the same c. decreases
b. increases d. some may increase and others may decrease
3. Your fuse at home has “blown” up many times. Which of the following will you do to solve
this problem and prevent it from happening again?
a. Connect appliances in series instead of parallel.
b. Do not use too many appliances at the same time.
c. Plug two or three appliances in one outlet.
d. Connect an additional fuse to your circuit.
4. Which of the following regulates the voltage of the electricity produced in power
plants?
a. Generator b. Transformer c. Meters d. Circuit breakers
5. Which of the following quantities is equal across all components in a parallel circuit?
a. Current b. Voltage c. Resistance d. Both a and b
6. To save energy at home, which of the following should you do?
a. Use fluorescent lamp instead of incandescent lamps
b. Iron clothes everyday
c. Clean and defrost your refrigerator quarterly
d. Plug appliances even if they are not in use
7. Why are fuses and circuit breakers used in circuits?
a. Fuses and circuit breakers open to the circuit when a large amount of current
flows through the circuit.
b. Fuses and circuit breakers increase the efficiency of the appliances within the
circuit.
c. Fuses and circuit breakers insulate the connection in the circuit.
d. Fuses and circuit breakers can help out the electrical consumption.
8. These refers to a form of energy resulting from the flow of electric charge.
a. electrical power b. fuse c. electrical energy d. switch
9. A circuit connection where in there is only one or single path is shown.
a. series b. parallel c. series parallel d. double insulation
10. The unit for electrical power
a. kWh b. watt c. joules d. ampere

13
Key to Answer