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  • Decline and 1857 War: Causes of Mughal Decline

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    Muhammad Ali Khoso
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    The document discusses the decline of the Mughal Empire in India due to incapable successors after Aurangzeb, the arrival of the British East India Company, economic collapse, and military defeats. It then summarizes the educational Aligarh Movement led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in the 19th century to promote modern education for Muslims and reconciliation with the British following the failed 1857 war of independence. The movement established schools and colleges, promoted scientific and scholarly publications, and sought to improve social conditions for Muslims while remaining aloof from politics. Though non-political, the Aligarh Movement played a key role in shaping later Indian politics by supplying leaders, consolidating Muslim identity, and fostering economic prosperity and rights

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    The document discusses the decline of the Mughal Empire in India due to incapable successors after Aurangzeb, the arrival of the British East India Company, economic collapse, and military defeats. It then summarizes the educational Aligarh Movement led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in the 19th century to promote modern education for Muslims and reconciliation with the British following the failed 1857 war of independence. The movement established schools and colleges, promoted scientific and scholarly publications, and sought to improve social conditions for Muslims while remaining aloof from politics. Though non-political, the Aligarh Movement played a key role in shaping later Indian politics by supplying leaders, consolidating Muslim identity, and fostering economic prosperity and rights

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    8 views3 pages

    Decline and 1857 War: Causes of Mughal Decline

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Ali Khoso
    The document discusses the decline of the Mughal Empire in India due to incapable successors after Aurangzeb, the arrival of the British East India Company, economic collapse, and military defeats. It then summarizes the educational Aligarh Movement led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in the 19th century to promote modern education for Muslims and reconciliation with the British following the failed 1857 war of independence. The movement established schools and colleges, promoted scientific and scholarly publications, and sought to improve social conditions for Muslims while remaining aloof from politics. Though non-political, the Aligarh Movement played a key role in shaping later Indian politics by supplying leaders, consolidating Muslim identity, and fostering economic prosperity and rights

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Decline and 1857 war

    Causes of Mughal decline

    Incapable successors- 17 claimants to throne after Aurangzeb

    Arrival of East India Company

    Economic collapse

    Futile military escapades – Deccan ulcer, Qandahar campaign

    Rise of Mahrattas and Sikhs

    Rivalry with Rajput- Aurangzeb’s discriminatory policies

    Moral Decay

    Widespread corruption in administration

    Neglect of sea power

    Educational movements
    Aligarh Movement
    Led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898)

    Background

    Failure of war of independence

    Blame of war 1857

    Hindu and British domination

    Alienated from mainstream society

    Destitute economic situation (No jobs, lands were confiscated, business shut)

    Persian was replaced by English as official language

    Objectives of Aligarh movement

    Educational and social uplift

    Reconciliation with the British

    Translation of Western knowledge

    Opening up Muslims to modern times


    Trinity of Sir Syed’s ideas

    Devotion to education

    Loyalty to the British

    Aloofness from Politics

    Educational services

    Established education institution where modern education was imparted upon along with religious
    teachings

    Schools in Moradabad (1859), Ghazipur (1863), MAO school (24 May1875), became college in 1877,
    university in 1920

    Scholarly publications

    Aligarh institute Gazette, other publication including books and journals

    Mohmmad Education Conference (1886), public meetings in different parts of country

    Translation of knowledge

    Scientific society

    Modern works from English into Urdu and Persian

    Political Services

    Reconciliation with British

    Efforts to bridge the gulf between the Births and Muslim

    Causes of Indian rebellion, Muslims were not be blamed but British policies

    Tabaeen al Kalam – similarities between Muslims and Christians

    Ahkaam-e-Tuaam -e-Ahl-e-Kitab- Muslims and Christians can eat together

    Social services

    Tehzeeb ul Ikhklaq – focused on improving ethical aspects of Muslim society, against conservative
    lifestyle
    Anjuman-e Taraqqi-e-Urdu

    Orphan houses

    Countered the propaganda by William Muir in his Blasphemous book ‘Life of Mohamed’ with essays
    on life on Holy Prophet (Khutbaat-e-Ahmadiyya)

    Impact of Aligarh movement on politics of India

    Although “Aloofness from politics” was a primary tenet of Sir Syed’s ideology and Aligarh movement
    was purely an education movement with no political ambitions, yet it had a crucial role in shaping
    the direction and narrative of politics of sub-continent in later years.

    Supply of political leadership

    Birth of an enlightened society

    Beating British at their own game

    Consolidation of Two nation theory

    Economic prosperity

    Awareness of rights

    Establishment of Muslim journalism

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