Logarithms, Indices and Surds, Partial Fractions 21

1. If log 10 3  0 . 477 , the number of digits in 3 40 is [IIT

1992]
(a) 18 (b) 19 8. If a  0, then is
a a a  .... 
(c) 20 (d) 21
1 1
89 (a) (4 a  1) (b) [1  (4 a  1) ]
2. r 1
log 3 (tan r o )  2 2
1 1
(c) [1  (4 a  1) ] (d) [1  (4 a  1) ]
(a) 3 (b) 1 2 2
(c) 2 (d) 0
43 3
9. If  a b , then (a, b ) 
3. If n  1983 ! , then the value of expression (7  4 3)
1 1 1 1 (a) (12,1) (b) (1, 12)
   .......  is equal
log 2 n log 3 n log 4 n log 1983 n (c) (–1, 12) (d) (–12, 1)
to
10. If 3 x  3 x 1  6 , then x x is equal to [UPSEAT 2003]
[DCE 2005]
(a) 2 (b) 4
(a) – 1 (b) 0
(c) 9 (d) None of these
(c) 1 (d) 2

x n  x n 1  ...  x 2  x 1  1 11. [x  2 ( x  1) ]  [x  2 ( x  1) ] 
4. If then the value of
x1 (a) 2, if 1  x  2 (b) 2, if x > 2
x is equal to
log x 1 log x 2 log x 3 ..... log x n x n n 1
(c) 2 ( x  1) , if 1 x 2 (d)
(a) 0 (b) 1
2 ( x  1) , if x2
(c) 2 (d) None of these
12. The remainder obtained when the polynomial x 64  x 27  1
5. Solution set of inequality log 10 ( x 2  2 x  2)  0 is
is divided by ( x  1) is [EAMCET 1992]
(a) [1, 1  3] (a) 1 (b) – 1
(b) [1  3 ,3] (c) 2 (d) – 2
13. If
(c) [1, 1  3 )  (1  3 , 3]

(d) None of these x3 q r s

 p  
(2 x  1) ( x  2)(x  3) 2x  1 x  2 x  3
6. If x  3
( 2  1)  3 ( 2  1) , then x3  3x  , then
(a) 2 (b) 6 (a) p 1 (b) p 2
(c) 6x (d) None of these
1
(c) p (d) 6 q  3r  2 s  3
7. 3
(61  46 5)  2
(a) 1  2 5 (b) 1  5 14. If log 0 .3 ( x  1)  log 0 .09 ( x  1) then x  1 lies in

(c) 2 5 (d) None of these [Kerala (Engg.) 2005]

(a) (1, 2) (b) (0,1)

(c) (1, ) (d) (2, )

 22 Logarithms, Indices and Surds, Partial Fractions
(e) (0.09, 0.3)

(SET - 2)

1. (c) Let y  3 40 x 3  2  3 (2  1)1 / 3 x  x 3  3 x  2 .

40
Taking log both the sides, log y  log 3 7. (a) 3
61  46 5  a b
 log y  40 log 3  log y  19 . 08 
 Number of digits in y  19  1  20 . 61  46 5  (a  b )3  a 3  3 ab  (3 a 2  b) b
39
 61  a 3  3 ab, 46 5  (3 a 2  b ) b
2. (d)  log 3 (tan r o )  log 3 (tan 45 o )  log 3 1  0 .
r 1  61  (a 2  3 b ) a , 23 20  (3 a 2  b ) b
1 1 1 1 So, a  1, b  20 .
3. (c)    ....... 
log 2 n log 3 n log 4 n log 1983 n Therefore, 3
61  46 5  1  20  1  2 5 .
=
log n 2  log n 3  log n 4  ......  log n 1983
8. (b) x  a a a  .....  ***
 x  a x  x x a 0 
2
=
log n (2 . 3 . 4 .... 1983 )  log n (1983 !)  log n n  1 x 
1  1  4a
. 2
..
x1 As a  0 , x  0 ;  +ve sign should be considered.
4. (b) x.
x n 1
log x1 log x 2 log x 3 ......... log x n x n 1
 x  (1  4a  1) .
x1 2
..
= x n.  2 4 3 3
log x1 log x 2 log x 3 ........ log x n 1 x n 1 a b  4 3 3 a
9. (c) b
x1 74 3 2 3
..
= x n.  3
log x1 log x 2 log x 3 ...... log x n  2 x n  2 (4  3 3 )(2  3)
 a b 
x (2  3 ) (2  3)
= log x log x x 2 1
1 2
 log x1 x 1  1 .
1  2 3  a  b
5. (c) log 10 ( x 2  2 x  2)  0 …..(i)   1  12  a  b ; 
For logarithm to be defined, (a, b )  (1, 12 ) .
x 2  2x  2  0 3x
 (x  1)2  3 –1 0 3 10. (b) We have 3 x  3 x 1  6  3 x  6
3
 x  1   3 or x  1  3 Let 3 x  t , then given equation can be written as
 ( 3  1)
 x 1 3 or x  1  3 t
i.e., x  ( 3  1) or x  ( 3  1) t  6  3 t  t  18  2 t  18  t  9
3
Now from (i), x 2  2 x  2  1  3x  32  x  2 . Hence, x x  2 2  4 .
2
 x  2x  3  0 11. (a,d) x  1  0  x  1
 ( x  3)( x  1)  0  1  x  3 Next, x  2 x  1  0
 x  [1,  ( 3  1) [  ] 3  1, 3] . 
i.e., x  [1, 1  3 )  (1  3 , 3) . x 2  4 (x  1)  x 2  4 x  4  0  (x  2)2  0 ,
6. (a) x  ( 2  1)1 / 3  ( 2  1)1 / 3 which is true  x , x 1.
For 1 x 2, x 2 x 1  x 2 x 1
x 3  ( 2  1)  ( 2  1)  3( 2  1)1 / 3 ( 2  1)1 / 3 =
1  ( x  1)  2 x 1  1  ( x  1)  2 x 1
3 3 
 ( 2  1)  2 1 = (1  x  1 )  (1  x  1)  2
 
 Logarithms, Indices and Surds, Partial Fractions 23

For x 2, x 2 x 1  x 2 x 1
= (1  x  1 )  ( x  1  1)  2 x 1 .
12. (a) Remainder of x 64  x 27  1 , when divided by x  1 is
(1) 64  (1) 27  1  1  1  1  1 .
13. (c,d)
x 3  p(2 x  1) ( x  2) ( x  3)  q( x  2) ( x  3)
r(2 x  1) (x  3)  s (2 x  1) ( x  2)
1
Equating coefficient of x 3 ; 1  2 p  p 
2
Equating coefficient of x 0 i.e., constant term,
0  6 p  6 q  3r  2 s  6 q  3 r  2 s  3 .
14. (c) log 0 .3 (x  1)  log 0 .09 (x  1)
log 0 .09 ( x  1)
1  1  log 0 . 3 (0 . 09 )
log 0 .3 ( x  1)
2
 1  log 0 . 3 (0 . 3)  1  2
Which of true therefore it is true for every positive value of 2.
 x  (1, ) .