To The Nearest Thousandth?: Identify The Choice That Best Completes The Statement or Answers The Question

122
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. What is the value of to the nearest thousandth?
A. –1.150 C. –1.524
B. 1.150 D. 0.870
A. 0.970 C. –0.970
B. –0.242 D. 1.031
A. 1.440 C. 1.390
B. –1.440 D. 0.694
____ 4. What is the measure of the reference angle for an angle of in standard position?
A. 298º C. 28º
B. –62º D. 62º
____ 5. What is the measure of the reference angle for an angle of in standard position?
A. 6º C. –186º
B. –6º D. 84º
____ 6. Which of these angles is coterminal with an angle of in standard position?
A. 70º C. –70º
B. 290º D. 90º
____ 7. Which of these angles is NOT coterminal with an angle of in standard position?
A. –530º C. 550º
B. –170º D. 370º
____ 8. Which expression represents the measures of all the angles coterminal with in standard position?
A. C.
B. D.
____ 9. Given , which statement is true for all possible values of ?
A.
B.
C.
D. cannot be determined
____ 10. What is the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of in the unit circle?
A. 2 C. 40 units
9  units
B. 9 D. 4
4  units 9  units
____ 11. What is the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of in the unit circle?
A. 6 C. 7

B. 7 D. 7
____ 12. What is the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of in a circle with radius 4 units?
A. 1 C. 11
B. 11 D. 22
____ 13. What is the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of in a circle with a radius of 3 units?
A. 35 C. 35
B. 35 D. 35

7
____ 14. In the unit circle, the length of the arc that subtends a positive central angle of  is 6  units.
What is the measure of  in degrees?
A. 210 C. 420
B. 210 D. 7
1080 
____ 15. In a circle with radius 7 units, the length of the arc that subtends a positive central angle of  is
7
4  units. What is the measure of  in degrees?
A. 90 C. 315
B. 45 D. 45
____ 16. What is in radians?
A. 1 C.
3 radians radians
B. 60 radians D. 1
3  radians
A. 2 C. –120 radians

3  radians
B. D. 2

radians 3 radians
A. –490 radians C. 49

18  radians
B. 49 D.

18 radians radians
____ 19. What is 2 radians in degrees?
A. 360 C. 1
B. 115 D. 6
3
____ 20. What is 4  radians in degrees? Give the answer to the nearest degree.
A. 424 C. 43
B. 135 D. 2
____ 21. What is –2 radians in degrees? Give the answer to the nearest degree.
A. –360 C. –6
B. –1 D. –115
____ 22. What is the value of to the nearest hundredth?
A. 0.59 C. 1.70
B. –15.21 D. –1.07
____ 23. What is the value of to the nearest hundredth?
A. 1.07 C. 0.93
B. –1.70 D. 47.75
____ 24. In the unit circle, what is the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of radians?
Give the answer to the nearest tenth.
A. 0.1 units C. 1.0 units

B. 60.0 units D. 0.3 units
____ 25. In a circle with radius 4 cm, what is the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of
radians? Give the answer to the nearest tenth.
A. 1.6 cm C. 0.1 cm
B. 0.4 cm D. 0.5 cm
____ 26. In a circle with radius 6 cm, what is the length of the arc that subtends a central angle of 3.5 radians?
Give the answer to the nearest tenth.
A. 21.0 cm C. 3.5 cm
B. 0.6 cm D. 66.0 cm
1

____ 27. Which angle is NOT coterminal with an angle of 4  radians in standard position?
A. 7 C. 1
4 4
B. 15 D. 9

4 4
____ 28. Which function below has this graph?

y
2
y = f(x)
1
-  0  x
A.
B.
C.
D. None of the above
____ 29. Graph using graphing technology.

What is the range of ?
A. C.
B. D.

What is the y-intercept of the graph?
A. 0 C.
B. D. 1

Which of these equations is NOT the equation of an asymptote of ?
A. C.
B. D.

Which of these values is NOT an x-intercept of ?
A. C.
B. D.
____ 33. Which function below has this graph?
y
0  2  x
A.
B.
C.
D. None of the above
____ 34. Which characteristic differs among these three sinusoidal graphs?
y
6
-  x
A. amplitude B. period C. phase shift D. centre line

____ 35. Which set of functions describes these graphs?
y
6
-  x
A. B. C. D.
____ 36. What is the amplitude of the function ?
A. –7 C. 14
B. 7 D. 7
____ 37. What is the amplitude of this sinusoidal function?

y
6
4
y = f(x)
2
-  x
A. 3 C. 6
B. 2 D. –3
____ 38. What is the period of the function ?
A. C.
B. D.
____ 39. What is the period of this function?

y
-  x
A. C.
B. D.
____ 40. What is the phase shift of the function ?
A. C.
B. D.
____ 41. This graph is the image of after a phase shift.

Which value below could represent the phase shift?
y
2
y =sin (x - b)
-  x
A. C.
B. D.
____ 42. Which function below describes this graph?

y
6
-  x
A. C.
B. D.

y
4
-  x
A. C.
B. D.

y
-  x
A. C.
B. D.

y
6
-  x
A. C.
B. D.
____ 46. Which number is NOT in the domain of ?
A. 1 C. 7
5 10 
B. 3 D. 4
5 5
____ 47. Identify the transformations that would be applied to the graph of to get the graph of
A.
A vertical stretch by a factor of 7, and then a translation of units left
B.
A vertical stretch by a factor of , and then a translation of 7 units right
C.
A vertical stretch by a factor of 7, and then a translation of units right
D.
A horizontal stretch by a factor of 7, and then a translation of units right
A. A vertical stretch by a factor of 3, and then a translation of 5 units down

B.
C. A horizontal stretch by a factor of 3, and then a translation of 5 units down
D.
A horizontal compression by a factor of , and then a translation of 5 units down
____ 49. Identify the transformations that would be applied to the graph of to get the graph of .
A. A vertical stretch by a factor of 3, and then a translation of 5 units right

B. A vertical stretch by a factor of 5, and then a translation of 3 units down
C. A horizontal stretch by a factor of 5, and then a translation of 3 units down
D. A vertical stretch by a factor of 5, and then a translation of 3 units up
____ 50. What is the amplitude of the graph of ?
A. 12 C. 10
B. 8 D. 5
____ 51. What is the equation of the centre line of the graph of the function ?
A. 2 C.
B. –5 D. –35
A. C.
B. D.
____ 53. What is the range of the function ?
A. C.
B. D.
____ 54. Which equation below represents a cosine function with amplitude 1, period , equation of centre line
, and phase shift ?
A. C.
B. D.
____ 55. Which graph below can be described by ?
A. 6
y
C. 6
y
4 4
2 2
-  x -  x
2 2 2 2
? ?
? ?
? ?
B. 6
y
D. 6
y
4 4
2 2
-  x -  x
2 2 2 2
? ?
? ?
? ?
____ 56. Which function below best describes this graph?

y
?  -   x 2 
A. C.
B. D.
A.
A horizontal compression by a factor of , and then a translation of units right
B.
A horizontal stretch by a factor of , and then a translation of units up
C.
A vertical compression by a factor of , and then a translation of units up
D.
A horizontal compression by a factor of , and then a translation of units up
A.
B.
A horizontal stretch by a factor of , and then a translation of 3 units left
C.
A horizontal stretch by a factor of , and then a translation of 3 units right
D.
A horizontal compression by a factor of , and then a translation of 3 units left
A. 13 C. 10
3 3
B. 3 D. 2
10
____ 60. What is the maximum value of the function ?
A. 2 C. –5
B. –6 D. –10
____ 61. Which graph below can be described by ?
A. 6
y
C. 6
y
4 4
2 2
? ? 4 8 x ? ? 4 8 x
? ?
? ?
? ?
B. 6
y
D. 6
y
4 4
2 2
? ? 4 8 x ? ? 4 8 x
? ?
? ?
? ?
____ 62. Which function below best describes this graph?

y
? ? ? ? 2 4 6 8 x
A. C.
B. D.
____ 63. Suppose the function models the height, y metres, of a seat on a Ferris wheel at
any time x minutes after the wheel begins to rotate. How long does it take the Ferris wheel to complete one
full rotation?
A. 11 min C. 7 min
B. 15 min D.
min
any time x minutes after the wheel begins to rotate. What is the diameter of the wheel?
A. 16 m C. 7 m
B. 35 m D. 32 m
any time x minutes after the wheel begins to rotate. After how many minutes is the seat at the top of the wheel
for the first time?
A. 47 min C. 3.5 min

B. 14 min D. 7 min
Short Answer
1. Sketch the angle –380° in standard position, then identify the reference angle.
y
2. The angle 110° is shown below in standard position.

Sketch a coterminal angle between –360° and 0° on the same axes.
Label the angle with its measure.
y
110?
3. The angle 140° is shown below in standard position.

Sketch a coterminal angle between 360° and 720° on the same axes.
Label the angle with its measure.
y
140?
x
4. Determine the measures of all angles between and that are coterminal with an angle of in
standard position.
5. Determine the measures of all angles between and that are coterminal with an angle of in
standard position.
6. Determine the exact value of .
9. For the point P on the terminal arm of an angle  in standard position, determine the exact value of
.
10. Given , , determine the exact value of .
11. Given , , determine the exact value of .
12. As a fraction of , determine the length of the arc that subtends the central angle shown in this unit circle.
y
225?
x
1
13. As a fraction of , determine the length of the arc that subtends the central angle shown in this circle.
y
2
45?
x
155
14. An arc with length 36  units subtends a central angle of 155 in a circle.
Determine the radius of the circle.
71
15. An arc with length 12  units subtends a central angle of –355 in a circle.
Determine the radius of the circle.
7
16. Sketch the angle 6  radians in standard position.
y
17. Sketch the angle –11.1 radians in standard position.

y
18. Label a sketch on the circle below to illustrate the relationship between the radius, r, of this circle and an
angle of 1 radian.
y
r x
19. Label a sketch on the circle below to illustrate the relationship between the radius, r, of this circle and the
length of an arc that subtends an angle of  radians.
y
r x
20. Write an expression for the measures of all possible angles that are coterminal with an angle of .
5
21. Determine the measures of all angles that are coterminal with an angle of 8  in the domain .
23. An arc with length 7 cm is marked on the circumference of a circle with radius 5.5 cm.
To the nearest tenth of a radian, determine the measure of the central angle subtended by the arc.
24. An arc with length 46 cm is marked on the circumference of a circle with radius 8 cm. Determine the area of
the sector of the circle formed by the arc and the radii that intersect the endpoints of the arc.
25. An arc with length 14 cm is marked on the circumference of a circle. The central angle subtended by the arc
measures radians. To the nearest tenth of a centimetre, determine the radius of the circle.
26. An arc is marked on the circumference of a circle. The central angle subtended by the arc measures
radians. The sector of the circle formed by the arc and the radii that intersect the endpoints of the arc has
area 8.6 cm2. To the nearest tenth of a centimetre, determine the radius of the circle.
27. A wheel is rotating at 25 revolutions per minute.

What is the exact angular velocity of the wheel in radians per second?
28. The graph of is shown below for .

Extend the graph for and for .
y
2
y = sin x
1
? - 0  2 3 4 x
29. Graph using graphing technology.

How many zeros does the function have over the domain  ?

Identify the zeros of the function over the domain  .

Determine the equations of the asymptotes of over the domain  .
32. The graph of is shown below.

On the same grid, sketch the graph of .
y
6
y = sin x
-  x

y
? -  2 x

y
6
-  x

y
-  x
36. What is the range of the function ?
37. Does this graph represent a periodic function?

y
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 x
?
38. Write a general equation for the asymptotes of the graph of .
39. Identify the following characteristics of the graph of the sine function shown below.
• amplitude
• period
• equation of the centre line
• phase shift
y
6
y = f(x)
4
? -  2 x
40. Identify the following characteristics of the graph of shown below.

• amplitude • phase shift • minimum value
• period • zeros • maximum value
• equation of the centre line • domain • range
y
? -  2 x
41. Identify the following characteristics of the graph of the function +1.
• amplitude
• period
• equation of the centre line
• phase shift
42. Write an equation for a sine function with amplitude 2, period , equation of centre line , and phase
shift .
43. Write an equation for a sine function with maximum value 8, minimum value 4, period , and phase shift
44. Determine a possible equation for this graph.

y
4
y = f(x)
2
? -  2 x

y
y = f(x)
4
? -  2 x

y
? -  2 x
y = f(x)
?
47. For the cosine function graphed below, determine the:
• amplitude • maximum value
• period • minimum value
• equation of the centre line • domain
• phase shift • range
y
4
? ? ? 2 4 6 x
48. Write an equation that represents the sine function graphed below.
y
? ? ? 2 4 6 x
49. Write an equation for a sinusoidal function that models the data graphed below.
y
20
16
12
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 x
50. A table fan has a mark on the tip of one blade.
The equation represents the height
of the mark, y centimetres, above the table x seconds
after the fan is turned on. What is the distance from the
mark to the tip of the opposite blade?
51. A table fan has a mark on the tip of one blade.

The equation represents the height
of the mark, y centimetres, above the table x seconds
after the fan is turned on. What is the height of the mark
above the table when it is closest to the table?
52. A bicycle with a stone stuck in the tread of one of its tires is pushed along the street. The function graphed
below models the height, in inches, of the stone above the ground after x seconds. What is the height of the
wheel axle above the ground?
y
28
24
y = f(x)
20
16
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
below models the height, in inches, of the stone above the ground after x seconds. What is the diameter of the
bicycle tire?
y
28
y = f(x)
24
20
16
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
below models the height, in inches, of the stone above the ground after x seconds. How often does the stone
touch the ground?
y
28
y = f(x)
24
20
16
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
55. These data show the fraction of the moon that was visible at midnight, Mountain Standard Time, in
October, 2012. Identify the days when the maximum and minimum fractions of the moon were seen.
y
0.8
Visible Fraction
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 x
Day
Problem
1. P is a terminal point of angle  in standard position.

Determine the exact values of the six trigonometric ratios for .
2. Determine the exact values of the six trigonometric ratios for .
3. P is a terminal point of angle  in standard position.

Determine all possible measures of  in the domain .
Give the answers to the nearest degree.
4. Given , determine all possible measures of angle  in the domain .
5. Given , determine all possible measures of angle  in the domain .

Give the answers to the nearest degree.
6. A Ferris wheel has diameter 38 m. Through what distance does a chair on the wheel travel when the wheel
rotates 80? Express the exact distance in terms of .
7. A unicycle wheel has diameter 20 in. Suppose a positive angle of rotation corresponds to the wheel moving
forward. Determine the distance and the direction the wheel will roll when it turns through an angle of –350.
Express the exact distance, in inches, in terms of .
8. A fishing reel has diameter 4 cm. As the reel rotates, it pulls in a fishing line. Exactly how much fishing line is
pulled in when the reel turns through an angle of 2000? Express the exact length, in centimetres, in terms of
.
9. P is a terminal point of angle  in standard position.

Determine all possible measures of  in the domain .
Give the answers to the nearest tenth of a radian.

Give the answers to the nearest tenth of a radian.
12. A child skates on a circular rink with diameter 34 m. As she skates, she keeps one hand on the boards around
the perimeter of the rink. It takes her 356 s to skate around the whole rink.
a) Assume the child skates at a constant speed. What is the length of the arc she skates in 59 s? Give the
answer to the nearest tenth of a metre.
b) After 59 s, the child skates in a straight line back to her starting point. How far does she skate across the
ice? Give the answer to the nearest tenth of a metre.
13. In this diagram, both circles have centre O.

The smaller circle has radius OD m,
A
and the larger circle has radius OB m.
C
Given , determine the exact
area of the shaded region. O D B
14. Use a table of values to graph for –2 .

y
?  -  0  2  x
15. Use a table of values to graph for – .

y
-  0  2  3  x

Graph on the same grid and explain how the graphs are related.
y
1
y = cot x
?  -  0  2  x
17. Graph .
Identify the amplitude, period, general y
expression for the zeros, general equation for 6
the asymptotes, domain of the function, and

4
range of the function.
2
-  x
18. Graph .
expression for the zeros, domain of the 6
function, and range of the function.

4
-  x
19. Graph .
expression for the zeros, general equation for

4
the asymptotes, domain of the function, and
range of the function. 2
-  x
20. Graph .
6
expression for the zeros, general equation for
the asymptotes, domain of the function, and 4
range of the function.
2
-  x
21. Describe each transformation below.

a) The graph of is a transformation image of the graph of .
b) The graph of is a transformation image of the graph of .
22. Write an equation in the form for the graph below. Explain your reasoning.
y
? ? -  2 3 x
y = f(x)
?
23. The graph of is shown below. On the same grid, sketch the graph of .
Describe these characteristics of this function: amplitude, period, phase shift, equation of the centre line,
domain, and range
y
? -  2 x
24. Sketch the graph of .

Describe these characteristics of the function: amplitude, period, phase shift, equation of the centre line,
domain, and range

domain, and range
26. Sketch the graph of a cosine function with amplitude 4, period , equation of centre line , and phase
shift . Label the graph with its equation.

y
? -  2 x

domain, and range
y
?  -   2  x
28. These data show the fraction of the moon that was visible at midnight, Mountain Standard Time, on
alternate days in June, 2012. Graph the data, then write an equation of a sinusoidal function that
models these data.
Day Visible Fraction

1 0.86
3 0.98
5 0.99
7 0.89
9 0.72 f
11 0.52 1
13 0.32
15 0.16 0.8
Visible Fraction
17 0.05
0.6
19 0.00
21 0.03
0.4
23 0.13
25 0.30 0.2
27 0.52
29 0.74
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 t
Day
29. A mark on the tip of one blade of a table fan is 24 cm from the
axle, and the axle is 30 cm above the table. The fan is turned on
when the mark has the position shown. The fan completes one
1
clockwise rotation in 4 s. Write a sinusoidal function that
represents the height of the mark, y centimetres, above the table
x seconds after the fan is turned on.
30. A car tire rolls onto a nail, which punctures the tire. The function graphed below models the height in
centimetres of the head of the nail above the ground at any time t seconds after the nail punctured the tire.
What is the average speed of the car to the nearest kilometre per hour?
y
70
60
Height of Nail Head (cm)
50
40
30
20
10
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 t
Time (s)
122
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

REF: 6.1 Trigonometric Ratios for Any Angle in Standard Position
LOC: 12.T3 TOP: Trigonometry KEY: Procedural Knowledge
2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
4. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
LOC: 12.T1 TOP: Trigonometry
KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Procedural Knowledge
LOC: 12.T1 TOP: Trigonometry KEY: Conceptual Understanding
REF: 6.2 Angles in Standard Position and Arc Length LOC: 12.T1
TOP: Trigonometry KEY: Procedural Knowledge | Conceptual Understanding
14. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: Trigonometry
KEY: Procedural Knowledge | Conceptual Understanding | Problem-Solving Skills
15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: Trigonometry
KEY: Procedural Knowledge | Conceptual Understanding | Problem-Solving Skills
16. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Radian Measure
17. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Radian Measure
18. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Radian Measure
20. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Radian Measure
21. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Radian Measure
KEY: Procedural Knowledge | Conceptual Understanding
27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.3 Radian Measure
28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: 6.4 Graphing Trigonometric Functions LOC: 12.T4
TOP: Trigonometry KEY: Conceptual Understanding
TOP: Trigonometry KEY: Conceptual Understanding
TOP: Trigonometry KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Procedural Knowledge
31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
TOP: Trigonometry KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Problem-Solving Skills
34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
35. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
36. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
39. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
40. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
41. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
45. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions
REF: 6.6 Combining Transformations of Sinusoidal Functions LOC: 12.T4
TOP: Trigonometry KEY: Procedural Knowledge
REF: 6.7 Applications of Sinusoidal Functions LOC: 12.T4
64. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
y
?80? x
Reference angle: 20°
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

KEY: Procedural Knowledge | Conceptual Understanding | Communication
2. ANS:
y
110?
?50?
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

3. ANS:
y
500?
140?
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

4. ANS:
, , and
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

5. ANS:
, , and
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

6. ANS:
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate

7. ANS:

8. ANS:

9. ANS:

10. ANS:

11. ANS:

12. ANS:
5
4
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Angles in Standard Position and Arc Length
13. ANS:
1
2
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.2 Angles in Standard Position and Arc Length
14. ANS:
5 units
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.2 Angles in Standard Position and Arc Length
KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Procedural Knowledge | Problem-Solving Skills
15. ANS:
3 units
16. ANS:
y
7
6
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.3 Radian Measure

17. ANS:
y
?1.1
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.3 Radian Measure

18. ANS:
Sketches may vary. For example:
y
r
r
1 radian
r x

KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Communication
19. ANS:
Sketches may vary. For example:
y
r
r  radians
r x

20. ANS:
Expressions may vary. For example:

21. ANS:
21 37
8 , 8 

22. ANS:

23. ANS:
Approximately radians

24. ANS:
184 cm2

25. ANS:
Approximately 3.9 cm

26. ANS:
Approximately 5.7 cm
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 6.3 Radian Measure

27. ANS:
5
6  radians/s

28. ANS:
y
2
y = sin x
1
? - 0  2 3 4 x
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.4 Graphing Trigonometric Functions

29. ANS:
1 zero
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.4 Graphing Trigonometric Functions

30. ANS:
, ,

31. ANS:
, ,

32. ANS:
y
6
y = 5 sin x
4
y = sin x
-  x
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions

KEY: Procedural Knowledge | Communication
33. ANS:
? -  2 x

34. ANS:
y
6
-  x

35. ANS:
y
-  x
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.5 Trigonometric Functions

36. ANS:
range:

37. ANS:
Yes.

38. ANS:
Equations may vary. For example:
, Z

39. ANS:
• amplitude: 4
• period:
• equation of the centre line:
• phase shift:
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.6 Combining Transformations of Sinusoidal Functions

40. ANS:
• amplitude: 1
• period:
• phase shift:
• zeros:
• domain:
• minimum value: –1
• maximum value: 1
• range:

41. ANS:
• amplitude: 9
• period:
• phase shift:

42. ANS:
+5

43. ANS:
+6
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.6 Combining Transformations of Sinusoidal Functions

44. ANS:
Students’ answers will vary depending on whether they use the sine or cosine function, on the phase shift they
identify, and on whether they include a reflection in the x-axis. For example:

45. ANS:

46. ANS:

47. ANS:
Students’ answers for the phase shift may vary.
• amplitude: 2 • maximum value: 1
• period: 5 • minimum value: –3
• equation of the centre line: • domain:
• phase shift: • range:
PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 6.7 Applications of Sinusoidal Functions

48. ANS:
Students’ answers may vary. For example:
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 6.7 Applications of Sinusoidal Functions

49. ANS:
Students’ answers may vary. For example:

50. ANS:
42 cm

51. ANS:
15 cm

52. ANS:
10 in.

53. ANS:
26 in.

54. ANS:
Every 3 s

55. ANS:
The maximum fraction of the moon was seen on October 29 or 30.
The minimum fraction of the moon was seen on October 15.

PROBLEM
1. ANS:
Sketch a diagram. y
Let the length of OP be r.

Use: Substitute and .

r
O x
P(60,?1)
11 61
 
61 11
60 61
61 60
11 60
 
60 11

2. ANS:
A coterminal angle is:
The terminal arm of this angle lies in Quadrant 3, where the tangent ratio is positive, and the sine and cosine
ratios are negative. The reference angle is .
Determine the coordinates of point P(x, y) on the terminal arm where it intersects the unit circle.
and
3. ANS:
The terminal arm of angle  lies in Quadrant 3.
The reference angle is:

In Quadrant 3, , or
Sketch a diagram.
y
217?
?43?
?03?
The angles that are coterminal with in the domain are approximately:
Possible values of  are approximately: and .

4. ANS:
Since is negative, the terminal arm of angle  lies in Quadrant 2 or Quadrant 3.
In Quadrant 2: , or
In Quadrant 3: , or
Sketch a diagram.
y
240?
120?
x
?20?
?40?
An angle that is coterminal with in the domain is:
So, the possible measures of angle  are , , , and

5. ANS:
Since is positive, the terminal arm of angle  lies in Quadrant 1 or Quadrant 2.
In Quadrant 1,
In Quadrant 2, , or
Sketch a diagram.
y
161?
19?
?41? x
?99?
So, the possible measures of angle  are approximately , , , and .

6. ANS:
The wheel has a diameter of 38 m, so its radius is 19 m.
The length of the arc that subtends a central angle of 80 in a circle with radius 19 m represents the total
distance the chair travels.
arc length
76
 9
76
The chair travels through a distance of 9  metres.
7. ANS:
The radius of the wheel, in inches, is:

175
The distance the wheel rolls, in inches, is: 9 
175
The wheel rolls 9  inches backward.
8. ANS:
The radius of the reel, in centimetres, is:

200
The length, in centimetres, is: 9 
200
The length of fishing line pulled in is 9  centimetres.
9. ANS:
The terminal arm of angle  lies in Quadrant 2.

In Quadrant 2, , or approximately
Sketch a diagram.
y
P(?,5)
2.36
?.93
?0.21
The angles that are coterminal with in the domain are approximately:
Possible values of  are approximately: –10.2 and –3.9

10. ANS:
In Quadrant 2: , or
In Quadrant 4: , or
Sketch a diagram.
y
11 5
6 6
1 x

6
7

6
So, the possible measures of angle  are , , , and

11. ANS:

In Quadrant 2, , or
In Quadrant 3, , or
Sketch a diagram.
y
4.46
1.82
x
?.82
?.46
An angle that is coterminal with 1.8235 in the domain is:
An angle that is coterminal with 4.4597 in the domain is:
So, the possible measures of angle  are approximately 1.8, –4.5, 4.5, and –1.8

12. ANS:
a) The circumference of the rink is: m.
In 59 s, she skates around of the circumference of the rink.
In 59 s, the distance she skates along the arc is approximately 17.7 m.
b) The central angle subtended by the arc in part a is: , or approximately 1.0413 radians
The radius of the rink is: , or 17 m

The straight-line distance is the length of the third side of a triangle with two sides equal to 17 m and a
contained angle of 1.0413.
Use the Cosine Law to determine the length of the side:
The child skates approximately 16.9 m.

LOC: 12.T1 | 12.T3 TOP: Trigonometry
KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Problem-Solving Skills | Procedural Knowledge
13. ANS:
The area, in square metres, of the larger circle is:
The area, in square metres, of sector AOB is of the area of the larger circle.
The area, in square metres, of the smaller circle is:
The area of sector COD is of the area of the smaller circle.
The area of the shaded region is square metres.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 6.3 Radian Measure

KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Problem-Solving Skills | Procedural Knowledge
14. ANS:
Create a table of values for angles x in the domain , then determine coterminal angles in the
domain –2 .
x 0
coterminal , 0,
angles in –2 , , , , ,

1 0
x 
coterminal ,
angles in  , , , , ,

–1 0
2
y = cos x
1
?  -  0  2  x

KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Procedural Knowledge | Communication
15. ANS:
Create a table of values for angles x in the domain , then determine coterminal angles in the
domain – .
x 0
coterminal 0,
angles in – , , , , ,

0 undefined
x 
coterminal , ,
angles in  , , , , ,

0 undefined
y
2
y = tan x
1
-  0  2  3  x

16. ANS:
y
2
y = tan x
1
y = cot x
?  -  0  2  x
Sample Answer:
, so:
- The zeros of correspond to the vertical asymptotes of the graph of , and vice versa.
- The points on with y-coordinates of 1 or –1 are common to both graphs.

17. ANS:
The graph of is the image after the graph of has been translated 3 units down.
y
6
2
y = cos x
-  x
?
y = cos x + 3
?
The amplitude is 1.
The period is 2.
There are no zeros.
There are no asymptotes.
The domain is .
The range is .

18. ANS:
The graph of is the image after the graph of has been stretched vertically by a factor of .
y
6
4
y = 3 sin x
2
y = sin x
-  x
The amplitude is 3.
The period is 2.
The zeros are Z.
The domain is .
The range is .
19. ANS:
The graph of is the image after the graph of has been horizontally stretched by a factor
of and reflected in the y-axis.

y
2
y = sin x
-  x
The amplitude is 1.
1
The period is 2 .
The zeros are Z.

There are no asymptotes.
The domain is .
The range is .

20. ANS:
The graph of is the image after the graph of has been translated units
horizontally.
y
6
4
y = tan x
2
-  x
There is no amplitude.
The period is .
The zeros are Z.
The asymptotes are
The domain is .
The range is .

21. ANS:
a) The graph of was stretched or compressed horizontally by a factor of .

If , the graph was also reflected in the y-axis.
b) If , the graph of was translated units to the right.

If , the graph of was translated units to the left.

22. ANS:
Students’ answers will vary depending on the phase shift they identify, and whether they include a reflection
in the x-axis. For example:
The equation has the form .
The maximum y-value is 4 and the minimum y-value is –2, so the amplitude is and .
The distance between adjacent maximum points is , so the period is , and , or .

The equation of the centre line is , so .
At , the graph of reaches a maximum, so look for a point near the y-axis where a maximum
occurs.
A maximum occurs at , so the phase shift is , and .
So, , , , and
Substitute into .
An equation is: +1

23. ANS:
Compare to :
, so the graph of is stretched vertically by a factor of 2, and the amplitude is 2.
, so the graph is stretched horizontally by a factor of , and the period is , or .
, so the graph is translated units left, and the phase shift is .

, so the graph is translated 2 units down, and the centre line has equation:
The domain is:
The maximum value of the function is:
The minimum value of the function is:
So, the range is:
y
? -  2 x

24. ANS:
Compare to :
, , , and
1
The graph of is stretched vertically by a factor of 3, compressed horizontally by a factor of 4 , and
then translated 1 unit up.
y
? -  2 x
, so the amplitude is 3.
, so the period is , or .
, so the phase shift is 0.
, so the equation of the centre line is .
The domain is .
The maximum y-value is 3 units above the centre line and the minimum y-value is 3 units below the centre
line, so the range is .

25. ANS:
Compare to :
, , , and
1
The graph of is stretched vertically by a factor of 4, compressed horizontally by a factor of 2 , then
translated units right and 1 unit up.

y
? -  2 x
, so the phase shift is .

The domain is .

26. ANS:
The equation has the form .
The amplitude is 4, so .
The period is , so , or .
The equation of the centre line is , so .
The phase shift is , so and the cosine function has a maximum at .
So, , , , and .
Substitute into
An equation is: –2
The graph of –2 is the graph of after it is stretched vertically by a factor of 4,
1
compressed horizontally by a factor of 2 , then translated units right and 2 units down.
y
? -  2 x
–2

KEY: Conceptual Understanding | Procedural Knowledge | Problem-Solving Skills | Communication
27. ANS:
Write in the form .
Compare to :
, , , and
1
The graph of is stretched vertically by a factor of 2, compressed horizontally by a factor of 2 ,
reflected in the x-axis, and then translated units left and 1 unit up.
y
?  -   2  x
, so the phase shift is .

The domain is .
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 6.6 Combining Transformations of Sinusoidal Functions

28. ANS:
Equations may vary. For example:
Graph the data. Let f represent the visible fraction of the moon, and t represent the day.
f
0.8
Visible Fraction
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 t
Day
The beginning of the period is a maximum point, so use a cosine function to model the data:
From the table and the graph:
The first maximum point has approximate coordinates (5, 1), and the first minimum point has approximate
coordinates (19, 0), so the equation of the centre line is approximately: , or ; so
The amplitude is approximately: ; so
The period is approximately 30 days, so , or

The phase shift is the t-coordinate of the first maximum point, so
A function that approximates the data is:

29. ANS:
At s, the mark is the same height above the table as the axle. The mark will move up when the fan is
turned on. So, use a sine function.
An equation that models the height of the mark has the form:
The mark is 24 cm from the axle, so the amplitude is 24, and .
The axle is 30 cm above the table, so the equation of the centre line is , and .
1 1
The fan completes one rotation in 4 s, so the period is 4 s.
Since the mark starts at the same height as the axle and moves up, the phase shift is 0 and .
Substitute , , , and into .
An equation that represents the height of the mark is:

30. ANS:
The diameter of the tire is the maximum value of the function: 55 cm.
The circumference of the tire, in centimetres, is:
There are cm in 1 km. So, the circumference of the tire, in kilometres, is:
The period of the function is 0.05 s, so the car travels forward a distance equivalent to one tire circumference,
or km, every 0.05 s.
So, in 1 s, it travels: km
And, in 1 h, itr travels: km

The car’s average speed is approximately 124 km/h.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 6.7 Applications of Sinusoidal Functions


To The Nearest Thousandth?: Identify The Choice That Best Completes The Statement or Answers The Question

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122

____ 1. What is the value of to the nearest thousandth?

____ 2. What is the value of to the nearest thousandth?

____ 3. What is the value of to the nearest thousandth?

____ 6. Which of these angles is coterminal with an angle of in standard position?

____ 9. Given , which statement is true for all possible values of ?

____ 17. What is in radians?

____ 18. What is in radians?

____ 19. What is 2 radians in degrees?

____ 22. What is the value of to the nearest hundredth?

____ 23. What is the value of to the nearest hundredth?

A. 0.1 units C. 1.0 units

radians? Give the answer to the nearest tenth.

____ 28. Which function below has this graph?

____ 29. Graph using graphing technology.

____ 30. Graph using graphing technology.

____ 31. Graph using graphing technology.

____ 32. Graph using graphing technology.

A. amplitude B. period C. phase shift D. centre line

____ 36. What is the amplitude of the function ?

____ 37. What is the amplitude of this sinusoidal function?

____ 38. What is the period of the function ?

____ 39. What is the period of this function?

____ 40. What is the phase shift of the function ?

____ 41. This graph is the image of after a phase shift.

____ 42. Which function below describes this graph?

____ 43. Which function below describes this graph?

____ 44. Which function below describes this graph?

____ 45. Which function below describes this graph?

____ 46. Which number is NOT in the domain of ?

A. A vertical stretch by a factor of 3, and then a translation of 5 units down

A. A vertical stretch by a factor of 3, and then a translation of 5 units right

____ 50. What is the amplitude of the graph of ?

____ 52. What is the period of the function ?

, and phase shift ?

____ 55. Which graph below can be described by ?

____ 56. Which function below best describes this graph?

____ 60. What is the maximum value of the function ?

____ 61. Which graph below can be described by ?

____ 62. Which function below best describes this graph?

A. 47 min C. 3.5 min

2. The angle 110° is shown below in standard position.

3. The angle 140° is shown below in standard position.

6. Determine the exact value of .

7. Determine the exact value of .

8. Determine the exact value of .

10. Given , , determine the exact value of .

11. Given , , determine the exact value of .

17. Sketch the angle –11.1 radians in standard position.

22. Determine the exact value of .

27. A wheel is rotating at 25 revolutions per minute.

28. The graph of is shown below for .

29. Graph using graphing technology.

30. Graph using graphing technology.

31. Graph using graphing technology.

32. The graph of is shown below.

33. The graph of is shown below.

34. The graph of is shown below.

35. The graph of is shown below.

On the same grid, sketch the graph of .

36. What is the range of the function ?

37. Does this graph represent a periodic function?