An older unit for the dose equivalent is the 

rem,[82] still often used in the United States. One sievert is equal to 100 rem:

1 mSv/h = 8.766 Sv/a
114.1 μSv/h = 1 Sv/a

Conversion from hourly rates to annual rates is further complicated by seasonal fluctuations in natural radiation, decay of artificial sources, and intermittent proximity
between humans and sources. The ICRP once adopted fixed conversion for occupational exposure, although these have not appeared in recent documents: [79]

8 h = 1 day
40 h = 1 week
50 weeks = 1 year

Therefore, for occupation exposures of that time period,

1 mSv/h = 2 Sv/a
500 µSv/h = 1 Sv/a

Ionizing radiation quantities[edit]

Graphic showing relationships between radioactivity and detected ionizing radiation

The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units:

Ionizing radiation related quantities view ‧ talk ‧ edit

Yea
Quantity Unit Symbol Derivation SI equivalence
r

becquerel Bq s−1 1974 SI unit

Activity (A)

curie Ci 3.7 × 1010 s−1 1953 3.7×1010 Bq

rutherford Rd 106 s−1 1946 1,000,000 Bq

coulomb per kilogram C/kg C⋅kg−1 of air 1974 SI unit

Exposure (X)
röntgen R esu / 0.001293 g of air 1928 2.58 × 10−4 C/kg

gray Gy J⋅kg−1 1974 SI unit

Absorbed dose (D) erg per gram erg/g erg⋅g−1 1950 1.0 × 10−4 Gy

rad rad 100 erg⋅g −1

1953 0.010 Gy

Equivalent sievert Sv J⋅kg−1 × WR 1977 SI unit

dose (H) röntgen equivalent man rem 100 erg⋅g−1 x WR 1971 0.010 Sv

sievert Sv J⋅kg−1 × WR  x  WT 1977 SI unit

Effective dose (E)
röntgen equivalent man rem 100 erg⋅g−1 x WR  x  WT 1971 0.010 Sv
 Although the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission permits the use of the units curie, rad, and rem alongside SI units,
[80]
 the European Union European units of measurement directives required that their use for "public health ... purposes" be phased
out by 31 December 1985.[81]

Rem equivalence[edit]
An older unit for the dose equivalent is the rem,[82] still often used in the United States. One sievert is equal to 100 rem:

100.0000 re 1000.000 mS
= 100,000.0 mrem = 1 Sv = 1.000000 Sv = = 1,000,000 µSv
m v

1.0000 rem = 1000.0 mrem = 1 rem = 0.010000 Sv = 10.000 mSv = 10000 µSv

0.1000 rem = 100.0 mrem = 1 mSv = 0.001000 Sv = 1.000 mSv = 1000 µSv

0.0010 rem = 1.0 mrem = 1 mrem = 0.000010 Sv = 0.010 mSv = 10 µSv

0.0001 rem = 0.1 mrem = 1 µSv = 0.000001 Sv = 0.001 mSv = 1 µSv

ose examples[edit]
25 rad: lowest dose to cause clinically observable blood changes
200 rad: local dose for onset of erythema in humans
400 rad: whole body LD50 for acute radiation syndrome in humans
1 krad: whole body LD100 for acute radiation syndrome in humans[7]
1 to 20 krad: typical radiation tolerance of ordinary microchips
4 to 8 krad: typical radiotherapy dose, locally applied
10 krad: fatal whole-body dose in 1964 Wood River Junction criticality accident[8]
1 Mrad: typical tolerance of radiation-hardened microchips

Ionizing radiation related quantities view   talk   editQuantityUnitSymbolDerivationYearSI equivalenceActivity (A)becquerelBqs 1974SI unitcurieCi3.7 ×

‧ ‧
−1

1010 s−119533.7×1010 BqrutherfordRd106 s−119461,000,000 BqExposure (X)coulomb per kilogramC/kgC⋅kg−1 of air1974SI unitröntgenResu / 0.001293 g of air19282.58 × 10−4 C/kgAbsorbed

dose (D)grayGyJ⋅kg−11974SI uniterg per gramerg/gerg⋅g−119501.0 × 10−4 Gyradrad100 erg⋅g−119530.010 GyEquivalent dose (H)sievertSvJ⋅kg−1 × WR1977SI unitröntgen equivalent
manrem100 erg⋅g−1 x WR19710.010 SvEffective dose (E)sievertSvJ⋅kg−1 × WR  x  WT1977SI unitröntgen equivalent manrem100 erg⋅g−1 x WR  x  WT19710.010 Sv