Experiment 12:

Analysis of a Simple Circuit Using Simulink

and Impact of Power Factor Improvement

BSEE 2017-2021
Semester 8
Instructor: Mr. Muhammad Abubakr
Mr.Mukamel Shah

Course: PTDU
Submitted By:
Awais Khalid

Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences,

Islamabad, Pakistan
 Analysis of a Simple Circuit Using Simulink
and Impact of Power Factor Improvement
Awais Khald
Department of Electrical Engineering, PIEAS
Bsee1783@pieas.edu.pk
Abstract— In this lab a simple RLC load is connected to II.STEPS
AC voltage source through Pi model of transmission line 1. Developed circuit will look like as shown in Figure (1).
and their sending and receiving end voltages and current 2. Put the respected values for AC voltage source, RLC
are observed. Then a capacitor is connected with parallel load, Pi section (transmission line) model values and
with load and the results are observed we have studied the RLC equivalent branch values.
importance of quality factor. And we have observed the 3. Connect voltage and current measurements and scopes.
in capacitive load on the RMS value of the current. And 4. Connect a capacitor bank for power factor improvement.
the effect of the change in capacitive load on the line losses
of the system.
III. OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
Consider the following Loads.
QL=220 MVAR @ 424.4 KV, f=60HZ
Index terms—SIMULINK, POWER FACTOR
Quality factor=300
I.INTRODUCTION
Power Factor is a measure of how effectively incoming
power is used in your electrical system and is defined as the
ratio of Real (working) power to Apparent (total) power.
Real Power (kW) is the power that actually powers the
equipment and performs useful, productive work. It is also
called Actual Power, Active Power or Working Power.
Reactive Power (kVAR) is the power required by some
equipment (e.g. transformers, motors and relays) to produce
a magnetic field to enable real work to be done. It’s
necessary to operate certain equipment but you don’t see
any result for its use. Apparent Power (kVA) is the vector
sum of Real Power (kW) and Reactive Power (kVAR) and
is the total power supplied through the power mains that is
required to produce the relevant amount of real power for
the load. [1]
Power factor plays an important role in a power system as the
current increases (in magnitude) if power factor degrades and
many of industrial loads are billed according to the power
factor, they maintained at their units. There are several power Figure 1. Circuit Diagram
factor meters which are used to monitor it. Generally, most
Figure 2. Sending End Voltage

of the loads are of inductive nature so we have lagging power Task 1. Sending end and Receiving end voltage waveforms
factor, but it can be improved if capacitor bank is attached to with the help of scopes are shown in Figure (2) and (3)
it as capacitors provide reactive power and inductor respectively.
consumes reactive power. But in order to improve power
factor to a specific value, a capacitor bank having specific
capacitance value should be used.
 Figure 3. Receiving End Voltage

The series current waveforms for sending end and receiving

end are shown in Figure (4) and (5) respectively.

Figure 6. Circuit Diagram with Capacitor Parallel with Load

Figure 4. Sending End Current

Figure 7. Sending End Voltage

Figure 5. Receiving End Current

Task 2.
Now Connect a 10uF capacitor in parallel with load shown
in Figure (6) and observed the power factor correction. Figure 8. Receiving End Voltage
Sending and receiving end voltages and currents are shown
in Figure (7), (8) ,(9) and (10).
From these plots it is clearly seen that output voltage is
increased and current is decreased as compared to input or
sending values so, power factor is improved. The RMS
current values can be seen from display in Figure (6).

Figure 9. Sending End Current

 Figure 10. Receiving End Current

Task 3.
In this task vary the capacitor value connected in parallel with
load such that sending and receiving voltage becomes equal. Figure 18. Sending Ending Voltage

The capacitor values come out to be 1.8uF.

Task 4.
In this task change capacitor position, connect capacitor in
parallel with sending end, use load of 350MW 220MVar.
Circuit diagram is shown in Figure (11). Plots are shown in
Figure (12), (13), (14) and (15).

Figure 11. Circuit Diagram with Capacitor Parallel with Sending End

Figure 12. Sending End Voltage

Figure 19. Sending End Current

Task 5.
In this task reduce the RLC load to 35 MW, 22MVar and
observed the results. Plots are shown in Figure (17), (18),
(19) and (20). Circuit Diagram is shown in Figure (16).
IV. CONCLUSION
In this lab we have simulated an RLC load circuit using
Simulink MATLAB After the simulation in task 1 we have
observed that the transmission line has inductance due to
which power of circuit reduces and receiving current is more
than sending current after this a capacitor is connected in
parallel with load and results are now compared which shows
that now power factor is increased, and output current is less
than input current. Hence we can conclude that we can reduce
the power losses by improving the power factor.

REFERENCES

Figure 16. Circuit Diagram When Load is Changed

 [1] PTDU LAB MANUAL LAB 10 “Analysis
of a Simple Circuit Using Simulink and Impact of Power
Factor Improvement’ by Mr. Muhammad Abubakr.