109 流體力學期中考 11/27 10:00~12:00

範圍：CH1.1-CH5.1 總分：120
1. An incompressible, inviscid liquid is placed in a vertical, constant diameter U-
tube as indicated in Fig. 1. When released from the nonequilibrium position
shown, the liquid column will oscillate at a specific frequency. Determine this
frequency from equation below. (15 分)
𝜕𝑉 1
Equation: 𝜌 𝜕𝑡 𝑑𝑠 + 𝑑𝑝 + 2 𝜌𝑑(𝑉 2 ) + 𝛾𝑑𝑧 = 0 (𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
Open tube

g 2
2

n V2 z 1
Z=0
1
V1
Equilibrium
position
Fig. 1
Ans:
𝑃1 = 𝑃2 = 0,
因不可壓縮流，故體積守恆，A ∙ cscθ1 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ sinθ1 = A ∙ cscθ2 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ sinθ2 ⇒ 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉
z = z(t), z2 = 𝑛 ∙ sinθ2 , z1 = −𝑛 ∙ sinθ1
𝜕𝑉 𝑑𝑉 𝑠2 𝑑𝑉
ρ∫ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝜌 ∫ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝜌ℓ
𝜕𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑠1 𝑑𝑡
𝑧2
∫ 𝛾𝑑𝑧 = 𝛾𝑛(sinθ2 − (−sinθ1 ))
𝑧1

𝑑𝑉
ρℓ + 𝛾𝑛(sinθ2 + sinθ1 ) = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑛
𝑉= , 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔
𝑑𝑡
𝑑2𝑛 𝑔
+ (sinθ2 + sinθ1 )𝑛 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2 ℓ
Let 𝑛 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)
𝑔
− 𝜔2 (𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)) + (sinθ2 + sinθ1 )(𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)) = 0
ℓ

𝑔(sinθ2 + sinθ1 ) 𝑔(sinθ2 + sinθ1 )

ω2 = ,𝜔 = √
ℓ ℓ

1
 另解：
z1 = −z2 sinθ1 /sinθ2
𝑧2
∫ 𝛾𝑑𝑧 = 𝛾(𝑧2 + z2 sinθ1 /sinθ2 )
𝑧1

𝜕𝑉 𝑑𝑉 𝑠2 𝑑𝑉
ρ∫ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝜌 ∫ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝜌ℓ
𝜕𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑠1 𝑑𝑡
1 𝑑z2
𝑉= , 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔
sinθ2 𝑑𝑡
2
1 𝑑 z2 𝑔 sinθ1
+ (1 + )𝑧 = 0
sinθ2 𝑑𝑡2 ℓ sinθ2 2
𝑑 2 z2 𝑔
+ (sinθ2 + sinθ1 )𝑧2 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2 ℓ
Let z2 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)
𝑔
− 𝜔2 (𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)) + (sinθ2 + sinθ1 )(𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡) + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡)) = 0
ℓ

𝑔(sinθ2 + sinθ1 ) 𝑔(sinθ2 + sinθ1 )

ω2 = ,𝜔 = √
ℓ ℓ

2. A hypodermic syringe (see Fig. 2) is used to apply a vaccine. If the plunger is

moved forward at the steady rate of 20 mm/s and if vaccine leaks past the plunger
at 0.1 of the volume flowrate out the needle opening, calculate the average
velocity of the needle exit flow. The inside diameters of the syringe and the needle
are 20 mm and 0.7 mm. (10 分)

(2)
(leak) (1)
Fig. 2
Ans:

2
3. JP-4 fuel (SG=0.77) flows through the Venturi meter shown in Fig. 3 with a
velocity of 4.6 m/s in the 15.2 cm pipe. If viscous effects are negligible, determine
the elevation, h, of the fuel in the open tube connected to the throat of the Venturi
meter. (15 分)

Fig. 3
Ans:

3
4. The U-tube of Fig. 4. is partially filled with water and rotates around the axis a-a.
Determine the angular velocity that will cause the water to start to vaporize at the
bottom of the tube (point A). (Hint: 𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒=1.77×103 𝑁/𝑚2)(10 分)

Fig. 4
Ans:

4
 由於為 U 型管，故轉速快慢對外側高度影響忽略不計

5. Determine the acceleration field for a three-dimensional flow with velocity

components u= -x, v= 4x2y2, and w = x-y. (10 分)(7th Prob. 4.21)
Ans:

5
6. Water flows through the 2 m wide rectangular channel shown in Fig. 5 with a
uniform velocity of 3 m/s. (a) Directly integrate equation below with b=1 to
determine the mass flowrate (kg/s) across section CD of the control volume. (b)
Repeat part (a) with b=1/ρ where ρ is the density. Explain the physical
interpretation of the answer to part (b). (7th Prob. 4.72) (15 分)

(Equation: 𝐵̇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = ∫cs ⃑ ∙ 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴)

𝜌𝑏𝑉
𝑜𝑢𝑡

Fig. 5
Ans:

6
7. A 10-kg block slides down a smooth inclined surface as shown in Fig. 6.
Determine the terminal velocity of the block if the 0.1-mm gap between the block
and the surface contains SAE 30 oil at 20℃(μ=0.38 N•s/m2). Assume the
velocity distribution in the gap is linear, and the area of the block in contact with
the oil is 0.1 m2. (7th Prob. 1.74) (15 分)

Fig. 6

7
 Ans:

8. A 0.3 m diameter, 0.6 m long cylinder floats in an open tank containing a liquid
having a specific weight γ. An U-tube manometer is connected to the tank as
shown in Fig. 7. When the pressure in pipe A is 0.7 kPa below atmospheric
pressure, the various fluid levels are as shown. Determine the weight of the
cylinder. Note that the top of the cylinder is flush with the fluid surface. (7th Prob.
2.142) (15 分)

Fig. 7
Ans:

8
9. Water flows steadily from a huge, closed tank as shown in Fig. 8. The deflection
in the mercury manometer is 2.5 cm and viscous effect are negligible. (Mercury’s
SG = 13.6 & density of the water is 1000 kg/m3) (15 分)
(1) Determine the volume flowrate.
(2) Determine the air pressure (gauge pressure) in the closed tank.

Fig. 8
Ans:

9
10