PSEUDO FORCES IN UNIFORMLY

ROTATING FRAME
CORIOLIS FORCE AND CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

PR ESEN T ED BY: SH U BH A SH R E E BAD ATY A

D AT E: 26 – 07 -2022
 CONTENTS:-

Frame of references
Derivation of pseudo force
Centrifugal force
Coriolis force and it’s application
• Diffrence between coriolis force and centrifugal force
INERTIAL FRAME OF REFERENCE

A frame of reference that moves with a constant velocity or remains rest with respect to an
inertial frame is called Inertial frame of reference

The system in which the Newton’s law of motion hold good is called Inertial frame of
reference.

N O N I N ERTI A L F R A M E O F R E FER EN C E

A frame of reference that undergoes acceleration with respect to an inertial

frame is called Non-inertial frame of reference.

Newton’s second law of motion is invalid.

A rotating frame of reference is an example of non-inertial reference
frame, that is rotating relative to an inertial reference frame.

An everyday example of rotating reference frame is the surface of the

earth
Let take Ś is a frame rotating at uniformly angular velocity ω about the
origin o with reference to an inertial frame s.
let take a particle p in the rotating frame Ś.
The value of the position or the position vector of the particle p in both
the frame will be the same .although the components along the 3 axes
will naturally be different.

OP=x 𝒛𝑺

O`P= 𝒛𝒔 ′ 𝝎

OP=O`P 𝒀𝒔 ′

THE ORIGIN OF THE BOTH FRAMES COINCIDING EACH 𝒀𝑺

OTHER
i.e. O=O`
𝑿𝒔
𝒙𝑺 ′
 P(x,y,z))

P(x`,y`,z`)
If the particle p is at rest with espect to the inertial frame s , It would
appear to be moving with A relative linear velocity
Let P be a point moving with linear velocity V= 𝑑𝑟 with respect to S frame
(inertial frame) 𝑑𝑡
Then velocity of particle P in S’frame will be

()

Equation holds same for all vectors.

The general form is

[ ]
𝑑()
𝑑𝑡 𝑠
=⌈
𝑑()
⌉ +[ ⃗
𝑑𝑡 𝑠 ”
𝜔 × 𝑟⃗ ]
Here, = == velocity of particle with respect to S frame.
And
= = =velocity of particle with respect to Ś
frame.

+
By putting the value in first equation we get,

=+

=+2 +

m =m+2 +
= -

= -2 -

= Coriolis force + centrifugal force

= the pseudo force experienced by the body in uniformly rotating frame .

Here we see that , When a frame rotates with some uniform angular
velocity(), we get two pseudo forces acting on the body that is placed in that
rotating frame.
i.e 1.Coriolis force = )
2.Centrifugal force=

When the body is in rest in the rotating frame we can experience just one of
the force
i.e centrifugal force
If the body also in motion in the rotating frame we experience both the forces
i.e centrifugal as well as Coriolis force ..
 CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
When a mass m moves in a circular path of radius r and angular velocity ω then, the
centripetal force required

There is a negative sign for the attraction and the inward direction of the force.
But, When we see a body is at rest in the rotating frame , which rotates with uniform
angular velocity with respect to the inertial frame
We experience one pseudo force which is outward in the direction with same magnitude
that the centripetal force have
i.e and

I =)=
Centrifugal force ( outwards)
CORIOLIS FORCE:-
The Coriolis force is an pseudo or fictitious force that acts on
objects ,that are in motion within a frame of reference that rotates
with respect to an inertial frame.
it is a fictitious force that causing the apparent deflection of
moving objects when viewed in rotating frame of reference.

NOTE:-The frame as well as the particle should be in motion

otherwise we do not get the Coriolis force .
 THE DIRECTION OF THE CORIOLIS
FORCE
The coriolis force acts in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis/ angular velocity of
the rotating frame and to the velocity of the body in the rotating frame .
Or
Simply we can says that it is always perpendicular to the plane containing linear velocity of
particle and angular velocity of rotating frame.
We can find the direction of angular velocity by the
different version of the right hand rule(right hand thumb
rule).

First make a loose fist , by keeping your thumb extended.

Now curl your fingers point in the direction of rotation,
then your thumb will point in the direction of the angular
velocity.
In the inertial frame of reference (upper
part of the picture), the black ball
moves in a straight line.
However, the observer (red dot) who is
standing in the rotating/non-inertial
frame of reference (lower part of the
picture), sees the object as following a
curved path due to the Coriolis and
centrifugal forces present in this frame.
Due to this phenomena the cyclone formation in northern
Hemisphere rotates in anticlockwise while the cyclone formation in
southern hemisphere rotates clockwise

This same phenomena shows in erosion of the river banks also

The water of river flowing from north to south or from southern to
north experiences the Coriolis force due to the rotatation of the earth
and get deflected towards right .
Difference Between Two Pseudo Forces
C OR I O L IS F O RC E
•The pseudo force causing the apparent
deflection of moving objects when viewed in a
rotating frame of reference.
•It depends on the velocity of the particle in the
rotating frame , not on the position of the
particle.
•This force can be experience when both ,the
frame and the particle are in motion. When
either of them is zero, then the coriollis force is
also zero.
•If , =0, =0 then
•Coriolis force=0
CE N TR IF UG A L FO R C E
The pseudo force that tends to throw an object
off when the object is rotating in a non –inertial
frame of reference .
It depends on the position of the particle, not on
the motion of the particle.
Centrifugal force has no reference to the velocity
of the particle.
• To experience centrifugal force we don`t need
the motion of the particle , we can get it while
the particle is in rest. But the frame should
be rotated.
 Reference :
• HT T PS:/ /EN .M.W IK IPE D IA.O R G / WI K I/ FI C TI TI OU S_ F OR C E

• HT T PS:/ /ED UC AT ION . NATI ONA LG E OG R APH IC .OR G / R E SO UR C E/ CO R IO LIS - E F F

ECT

• HT T PS:/ /YO UT U. B E/ W B 4DX PUS 5 3 0

• S.CH AND M EC HA NIC S B O OK- D. S M AT HU R