ENEL2EA – ELECTRICAL

PRINCIPLES 1
TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 - SOLUTIONS
Thomas J. Odhiambo Afullo
School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
E-mail: afullot@ukzn.ac.za; Tel: +27-31-260 2732;
Fax: +27-31-260 2740

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 1

QUESTION 1
For the voltage divider circuit shown in Fig. Q1, use Kirchhoff’s voltage
law to determine
a) The loop current (1 A)
b) The voltage v2 (10 V)
c) The power absorbed by the two resistors (15 W)
d) The power supplied by the source (15 W)

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 2

QUESTION 1 SOLUTION
i) Using loop analysis (KVL): iii) To determine the dissipated power:

I1 R1  R2   Vs P1  I12 R1  15  5W

Vs 15 15 P2  I12 R2  110   10W

 I1     1A PT  P1  P2  15W
R1  R2 5  10 15

ii) Using I1 above, we have: iv) Power supplied by the source:

V2  I1 R2  110   10V Ps  Vs I s  151  15W

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 3

QUESTION 2
Consider the voltage divider circuit shown in Fig. Q2. If
Ro=6W, and the output power at Ro should be 6W,
determine using KVL:
a) The voltage v0
b) The required source voltage, Vs (14 V)
c) The total power delivered by the source

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 4

Question 2 Solution
i) To determine the voltage vo: iii) The power delivered by the source:
Vo2
Po  Vo I o 
Ro Ps  Vs I1  14 1  14W
Vo2  Ro Po  6 6   36
Vo  6V
ii) Required source voltage:
I1 R1  R2  Ro  R3   Vs
V 
Vs   o R1  R2  Ro  R3 
 Ro 
6
Vs   2  4  6  2   114   14V
6

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 5

Question 5
Using KVL:
In Fig. Q5, vab=40V. Determine, using loop
Vs  12I1  I 2 
analysis and Cramer’s rule: Loop1 : 1
 12 I1  12 I 2  40
a) The total current from the source
b) The current through each resistor Loop 2 :  12 I1  40 I 2  8 I 3  0 2
c) The voltage drop across the 12-W Loop3 :  8 I 2  16 I 3  0 3
resistor Matrix Form :
d) The current, i1 through the 5-W resistor
 12  12 0   I1  40
( 0.833A)  12 40  8  I    0 
e) The total power delivered to the circuit   2   
 0  8 16   I 3   0 
12  12 0 40  12 0
    12 40  8  4,608; 1  0 40  8  23,040
0 8 16 0 8 16
12 40 0 12  12 40
 2   12 0  8  7,689;  3   12 40 0  3,840
0 0 16 0 8 0

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 6

Question 5 Solution - Continued
i)  23,040 iii) Voltage drop across the 12W resistor:
I1  1   5A


 4,608
7,680
V12 W  12I1  I 2   123.333  40V
I2  2   1.667 A
 4,608
iv) The current through the 5-W resistor:
 3,840
I3  3   0.833 A
 4,608 I 3W  I 5W  I 2  I 3  0.833 A
Source current :
I s  I1  5 A v) The total power delivered to the circuit:
ii) Resistor Currents: Ps  Vs I1  40 5  200W
I12 W  I1  I 2  5  1.667   3.333 A
I 6 W  I 2 W  I 3  0.833 A
I 3W  I 5W  I 2  I 3  0.833 A
I 20 W  I 2  1.667 A

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 7

QUESTION 7
In Fig. 7 below, use loop analysis to Using KVL:
determine the mesh currents (Ans:
5 I1  10I1  I 2   10V  9V
I1=0.5A; I2=0.65A) Loop1 : 1
 15 I1  10 I 2  1
 10 I1  20 I 2  9V  1V
Loop 2 : 2
 10 I1  20 I 2  8
In matrix form :
 15  10  I1  1 15  10
 10 20   I   8     10 20  200;
  2   
1  10 15 1
1   100;  2   130
8 20  10 8
1 100  130
 I1    0.5 A; I 2  2   0.65 A
 200  200

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 8

QUESTION 9 Solution
Using loop analysis, we have:
Use the mesh-circuit method to determine, 5I1  I 2   26I1  I 3   Vs
for the circuit in Fig.9: Loop1 : 1
 31I1  5 I 2  26 I 3  80
a) The power delivered by the 80-V Loop 2 :  5 I1  125 I 2  90 I 3  0 2
source (Ans: 400 W) Loop3 :  26 I1  90 I 2  124 I 3  0 3
b) The power dissipated in the 8-W Matrix Form :
resistor (Ans: 50 W)  31 5  26  I1  80
  5 125  90   I 2    0 

 26  90 124   I 3   0 
31  5  26 80 5  26
   5 125  90  118,400; 1  0 125  90  592,000
 26  90 124 0  90 124
31 80  26 31 5 80
2   5 0  90  137,600;  3   5 125 0  296,000
 26 0 124  26  90 0
1 592,000  137,600  296,000
I1    5 A; I 2  2   1.16 A; I 3  3   2.5 A;
 118,400  118,400  118,400
a ) Power dissipated by source :
Ps  Vs I s  Vs I1  80 5  400W
b)Power dissipated in the 8 - W resistor :
P8W  I 82W 8  I 32 8  2.5 8  50W
2

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 9

QUESTION 3
Solution:
For the circuit shown in Fig. Q3, if R1=4W
and R2=2W, using Kirchhoff’s current law, Using KCL (Nodal Analysis)
determine: va  vb va  vb
Is  
R1 R2
a) The voltage, vs (4 V) va va
Is   , sin ce vb  0
b) The current flowing in each resistor. R1 R2
1 1 
Node a :   va  I s 1
 R1 R2 
 G1  G2 va  I s
0.25  0.5va  0.75va  3
3
 va   4V
0.75
v 4
I R1  a   1A
R1 4
va 4
I R2    2A
R2 2

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 10

QUESTION 4
Solution: Using KCL or Nodal Analysis:
Consider the circuit in Fig.Q4, with R4=2 W va  vc va  vc va  vc va  vb
Is    
and R2=R3=8 W. If is=12A, determine, using Ro R1 R5 R4

KCL: va va va va  vb
Is     , sin ce vc  0
Ro R1 R5 R4
a) The current, i1
Node a :  1
  
1 1 1  v 1
b) The current through each resistor  va  b  I s
 Ro R1 R4 R5  R4
c) The voltage drop across R2. Go  G1  G4  G5 va  G4vb  I s
d) The power delivered to the 18-W resistor 0.3333  0.1111  0.500  0.05051va  0.500vb  12
 va  0.5vb  12
va  vb vb  vc vb  vc vb vb
   
R4 R2 R3 R2 R3
va  1 1 
Node b :   
1
 vb  0 2
R4  R4 R2 R3 
0.5va  0.75vb  0
1  0.5  va  12
In matrix form :      
0.5  0.75 vb   0 
1  0 .5 12  0.5 1 12
   0.5; 1   9;  2   6
0.5  0.75 0  0.75 0 .5 0
 va  1    9  0.5  18V ; vb   2    6  0.5  12V
I1  I Ro  va Ro  18 3  6 A; I 9 W  va 9  18 9  2 A; I18W  va 18  18 18  1A;
I R 4  va  vb  R4  6 2  3 A; I R 2  I R 3  vb 8  12 8  1.5 A;
 
PR 2  I R2 2 R2  1.5 8  18W ; P18W  va I18W   181  18W
2

TUTORIAL 2 SET 1 SOLUTIONS 11