PROGRAM : NATIONAL DIPLOMA

ENGINEERING METALLURGY

SUBJECT : HEAT & MASS TRANSFER II

CODE : HMR21-1
DATE : EXAMINATION
16 November 2019

DURATION : 12:30 - 15:30

WEIGHT : 40 : 60

TOTAL MARKS : 100

EXAMINER : MR GA COMBRINK

MODERATOR : MR J Prozzi

NUMBER OF PAGES : 9 PAGES

INSTRUCTIONS : ALL THE ANSWERS MUST BE COMPLETED IN THE

EXAM SCRIPS AND HANDED IN
QUESTION PAPERS MUST BE HANDED IN.

REQUIREMENTS : 1 POCKET CALCULATOR

NO CORRECTION FLUID SHALL BE USED
ALL WORK SHALL BE HANDED IN

2/…
SUBJECT AND CODE (SSA EXAM) -2-

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS.

REFER TO APPENDICES FOR FURTHER INFORMATION AND

EQUATIONS THAT MAY BE REQUIRED IN ANSWERING THE
QUESTION IN EACH CASE.

Question 1

You are heat treating a steel testing specimen by keeping it at a constant 900ºC for 8 hours
in a box-shaped furnace with internal dimensions of 800 x 750 x 600mm and with a wall
thickness of 30mm. If the kwall is 0.15 W/m.ºC and the ambient temperature is kept constant
at 22℃. Calculate the total Shape factor of the box shapes furnace and the heat lost by the
oven in the 8-hour period.
[12]

Question 2

2. An industrial furnace for melting aluminium scrap has a composite wall consists of three
layers viz. an outer insulation layer of mineral wool, an internally sandwiched (it means
it’s between the two other layers) structural carbon steel and an inner fire brick layer
(ceramic). The carbon steel layer that is sandwiched between the insulation and fire brick
layers. The furnace inner wall temperature is at a constant 660°C.
2.1. If the temperature on the outside of the liner is a constant 30oC, what is the absolute
amount of heat that is transferred through the lining? (Give your answer to the first
decimal point only)
2.2. What is the overall thermal resistance through the wall on a per m2 basis?
2.3. What is the temperature of the structural carbon steel surfaces on both sides?

Material Thermal Conductivity Thickness of the layer

(W/m℃) (mm)
Mineral Wool (outer layer) 0.038 100
Carbon Steel 43 15
Fire Brick (insidelayer) 2 90
[20]

Question 3

Convert the following (to get the marks in addition to getting the value correct, your answer MUST give
the units of the scale used in the correct place as is the recognized convention): -
1. 1850°F to °C (1 mark)
2. Minus 40°F to °C (1 mark)
3. 472°R to °F (1 mark)
4. 813°R to °C (2 marks)
5. Minus 1000°F to °R (1 marks)
6. 0K to °R (1 mark)
7. 16.0K to oC (1 mark)
[8]

3/…
SUBJECT AND CODE (SSA EXAM) -3-

Question 4

Two perfectly black surfaces are constructed so that all the radiant energy leaving a surface at
800◦C reaches the other surface. The temperature of the other surface is maintained at 250◦C.
Calculate the heat transfer between the surfaces per hour and per unit area of the surface
maintained at 800◦C [10]

Question 5

A 42mm thick aluminium slab is 0.75m by 0.90 metre in size is suspended in the upright
position above the ground with its thin sides completely insulated as shown in the sketch. Its
inner surface is kept at a constant temperature of 320°C. Cold air at 15℃ is blown over the
outer surface at 5m/s. At steady state 350W of the heat from the aluminium slab is lost by
radiation, calculate what the temperature of the outer surface of the plate is and also how
much heat is dissipated by convection from the cool outer side?

Convection heat transfer coefficient h (system above) = 28W/m2.°C

Conduction heat transfer coefficient (steel) = 44W/m°C
[10]

Question 6

The temperatures on the faces of a plane wall 200 mm thick are 325◦C and 65◦C respectively.
The wall is constructed of a special glass with the following properties: k = 0.78 W/m◦C, ρ =
2700 kg/m3, cp = 0.84 kJ/kg · ◦C. What is the heat flow through the wall at steady-state
conditions? [8]

4/…
SUBJECT AND CODE (SSA EXAM) -4-

Question 7

7. Regard the effect of radiation as negligible in this question (i.e. ignore it.) Calculate the
thickness in millimetres of a solid wall: -
7.1. Aluminium wall if the temperature drop over the wall thickness is 30 ◦C and the heat
transfer per unit area is 600 kW/m2
7.2. What would have been the wall thickness under the same conditions had the wall
material been copper instead.
7.3. Explain the why there is a difference in the wall thickness values.

Take kal = 205 W/m °C and kCu =450 W/m °C

[10]

Question 8

Draw a sketch representing the transition from laminar to fully developed turbulent flow of a
fluid such as water over a flat surface. Label the sketch indicating the various flow regimes
and also represent the two dimensional velocity profile and flow patterns at the various
regimes.
[10]

Question 9

Heat Removal from Semi-Infinite Solid

A semi-infinite piece of copper 30mm thick is at a uniform temperature of 180ºC. It is

suddenly (instantaneously) exposed to a cold water that immediately cools its surface
temperature to 85°C. What is the total heat removed from the slab per unit surface area
when the temperature at a depth of 10 mm has dropped to 126°C?

α=8.4x10-5 m2/s kcu=395W/m.°C

(See Appendix B Sheet for equations, and further data. Also refer to attached TableA-1 at Appendix A for relevant erf
function values)
[12]

Total Marks [100]

5/…
SUBJECT AND CODE (SSA EXAM) -5-

Appendix A “erf” Function values

6/…
SUBJECT AND CODE (SSA EXAM) -6-

APPENDIX B
Equation and Data Sheet

Stefan-Boltzman constant (σ) is 5.669 x 10-8 W/m2.K4

Shape factors: for a box shape

θo/θi. Where θo = To - T∞ and θi = Ti - T∞ etc.

If for any question the following parameters are not given then any appropriate value of
these following parameters can be used but record what you have assumed on your
answering script before you use the parameter in a specific question. Do not use these
parameters when the real parameter is provided to you in the question.

7/…
SUBJECT AND CODE (SSA EXAM) -7-

Appendix C : Heislar & Other Charts

8/…
SUBJECT AND CODE (SSA EXAM) -8-

9/…
SUBJECT AND CODE (SSA EXAM) -9-

10/…