A. What is government?

A government is an institution or a system made of a group of people that takes care or

manages a country or a state.

Every government has its own constitution or a set of fundamental principles that it follows
to ensure effective governance.

A government must ensure the security of its people through the means of an effective
legislation. A government must form and manage an efficient police force, a fair
court justice system, and a robust defense force.

a government must effectively manage the country’s economy.

B. 4 Common types of government

 1. Democracy

Democracy is a form of government that allows the people to choose their leader. The primary
goal is to govern through fair representation and prevent abuses of power. Democracies advocate
for fair and free elections, civic participation, human rights protections, and law and order.

"Rule by the people in a country directly or by representation."[ 4] "The form of

government in which political control is exercised by all the people, either directly or
through their elected representatives."[ 5] "The word democracy itself means rule by the
people.
The most democratic nations in the world are:

1. Norway (9.87)
2. Iceland (9.58)
3. Sweden (9.39)
4. New Zealand (9.26)
5. Finland (9.25)
6. Ireland (9.24)
7. Canada (9.22)
8. Denmark (9.22)
9. Australia (9.09)
10. Switzerland (9.03)

2. Monarchy
Monarchy is a power system that appoints a person as head of state for life or until abdication.
Authority traditionally passes down through a succession line related to one's bloodline and birth
order within the ruling royal family, often limited by gender. There are two types of monarchies:
constitutional and absolute. Constitutional monarchies limit the monarch's power as outlined in a
constitution, while absolute monarchies give a monarch unlimited power.
Monarchy, political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a single person.
The term applies to states in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual
ruler who functions as the head of state and who achieves his or her position through heredity.
Countries where monarchs still maintain absolute power are Brunei, Eswatini, Oman,
Saudi Arabia, Vatican City and the individual emirates composing the United Arab
Emirates, which itself is a federation of such monarchies – a federal monarchy.

3. Oligarchy
Oligarchies are governments in which a collection of individuals rules over a nation. A specific
set of qualities, such as wealth, heredity, and race, are used to give a small group of people
power. Oligarchies often have authoritative rulers and an absence of democratic practices or
individual rights.
Oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people.
These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility,
fame, wealth, education, corporate, religious, political, or military control.
Some countries that have oligarchy governments include China, North Korea and
Venezuela.

4. Tyranny
government by a ruler or small group of people who have unlimited power over the people in
their country or state and use it unfairly and cruelly

The philosophers Plato and Aristotle defined a tyrant as a person who rules without law,
using extreme and cruel methods against both his own people and others. ... to
government by a minority (in an oligarchy, tyranny of the minority) to government by a
majority (in a democracy, tyranny of the majority)

World map (with the United States shown in blue ) indicating in green the seven
countries labeled as "outposts of tyranny" by the United States government in 2005: –
Belarus, Cuba, Iran, Myanmar, North Korea and Zimbabwe.

C. What kind of government does Philippines have?

Democracy is type of government

The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power

is equally divided among its three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.

Republic is a system of democracy on how government effectively function.

 The LEGISLATIVE BRANCH is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them
through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the
Senate and the House of Representatives.

The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments,

and has the authority to declare war. This branch includes Congress
(the Senate and House of Representatives) and several agencies that provide support
services to Congress.

The Senate is composed of 24 Senators who are elected at large by the qualified voters
of the Philippines.

The House of Representatives is composed of about 250 members elected from

legislative districts in the provinces, cities, and municipalities, and representatives
elected through a party-list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral
parties or organizations.

The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per cent of the total number of
representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the
ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives
shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban
poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be
provided by law, except the religious sector.

The EXECUTIVE BRANCH is composed of the President and the Vice President who are
elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants the
President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of the
country’s bureaucracy.
The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, Vice President,
the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, boards, commissions, and
committees.

The President leads the country. He or she is the head of state, leader of the national
government, and Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines. The President
serves a six-year term and cannot be re-elected.
The Vice President supports the President. If the President is unable to serve, the Vice
President becomes President. He or she also serves a six-year term.

Cabinet members serve as advisors to the President. They include the Vice President and the
heads of executive departments. Cabinet members are nominated by the President and must be
confirmed by the Commission of Appointments.

The Philippines is a unitary presidential constitutional republic, with the President of the
Philippines acting as both the head of state and the head of government.

The JUDICIAL BRANCH holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that are
legally demandable and enforceable. This branch determines whether or not there has been a
grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and
instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and lower courts.

The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and
decides if laws violate the Constitution. The judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme
Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.