I. You have identified the problem of your study as mentioned below.

(3ms)
The difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year students at UFLS-UD
1) Write the title for the research with the topic/problem of study:
2) Write the aims and objectives of the study for this research
3) Write the research questions for this research (at least 3 questions)
Possible answer:
1) Title: (0.5m)
An investigation into/ A study of/ Research into the difficulties in making presentations
encountered by 1st year students at UFLS-UD
2) Aims (0.5m) 
The study aims to investigate the difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year
students at UFLS-UD and provide teachers and learners with practical knowledge to deal
with/overcome these difficulties
3) Objectives (1m) 
a/To identify the difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year students at UFLS-
UD
b/To find out the reasons for difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year
students at UFLS-UD
c/To suggest/put forward the (effective) solutions to overcome the difficulties in making
presentations encountered by 1st year students at UFLS-UD
Research Questions (1m)
a/What are the difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year students at UFLS-
UD?
b/What are the reasons for the difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year
students at UFLS-UD?
c/What are the solutions for the difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year
students at UFLS-UD?
II. Provide a brief definition for each of the following terms (only two lines in the space provided
in the boxes below. (1ms)
• Reliability.................
• Validity...................
Reliability
whether repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given the same initial
circumstances. Reliability is usually concerned with stability over time
Validity
entails the question, ―does your measurement process, assessment, or project actually measure
what you intend it to measure? Validity is concerned with whether or not the item actually elicits
the intended information
III. How to ensure the reliability and validity of the data collection and data analysis? (2ms)
Reliability
Ask others (colleagues, some of the respondent groups, etc.) to tell in their own words what
specific terms mean. Through this process, one can identify items that may not have a clear
meaning to the respondent group, and can adjust them accordingly.
Validity
Ask others (colleagues, relatives, friends, etc.) to explain what the question is asking. Through
this process one can identify questions that do not seem to elicit the kind of information desired.
IV.Write the details of the following sources in order in a list of references.
1. A book with one author: 
Author: Barbara Oakley,
Title: A mind for numbers : how to excel at math and science (even if you flunked algebra)
Publication info.:  New York : Penguin, [2014]
2. A book with 3 authors 
Authors: Keith S. Folse, Elena Vestri Solomon, Barbara Smith-Palinkas
Title:Top 20 great grammar for great writing
Publication info.:Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 2004.

1.
Oakley, B. (2014). A mind for numbers : how to excel at math and science (even if you flunked
algebra). New York : Penguin.
2.
Folse, K.S., Solomon, E.V., & Smith-Palinkas, B. (2004). Top 20 great grammar for great
writing. Boston: Houghton Miflin.
V. Read the abstract below and answer the questions.
Abstract 1
The Use of Technology in Language Classrooms in Libya
Ibrahim Abukhattala
There is an increasing pressure exercised by the advancements of technology on education.
Recently the use of technology for teaching has become an integral part of successful learning
and teaching languages in many parts of the world. Although education policy makers in Libya
claim that computers and related internet technologies represent important educational
innovations, they are not widely used in Libyan foreign language classrooms. As many
researchers suggest, the successful implementation of educational technologies depends mainly
on the attitudes of teachers, who eventually decide on whether to integrate them or not and on
how they are utilized in the teaching process.

This study was carried out to investigate English language teachers’ readiness and willingness to
integrate technology in some high and secondary schools in Misurata, Libya. Twelve in-service
English language teachers participated in this study. Data were collected through structured and
semi structured interviews. As revealed in the interviews, three themes have emerged which are,
(a) Understanding of technology, (b) Types of technology and (c) Cultural and traditional styles
of learning and teaching. Participants complained about lack of funding, scarcity of
technology in schools and paucity of proper training to use technology. However, all the
participants were willing to use technology to teach English as a foreign language. The paper
concludes with implications and important suggestions and recommendations for education policy
makers and directions for further research. Although this study was conducted in Libya, findings
and recommendations can be useful in other educational contexts.
Questions:
1) What is the research aim of this study?
This study was carried out to investigate English language teachers’ readiness and willingness to
integrate technology in some high and secondary schools in Misurata, Libya
2) What is the sample/subjects of the study?
Twelve in-service English language teachers
3) Is the data collection method of the study qualitative or quantitative or both? Why?
Qualitative; because data were collected by using structured and semi structured interviews
Abstract 2
In this study, the researcher investigated the language difficulties of the English language center
students at the Arab American University of Jenin(AAUJ). A valid questionnaire was designed
and administered to a convenient sample of students, which represented approximately 2.5% of
the population of the study from The English language center to collect data which was treated
statistically using the SPSS program. The results of the five domains of the questionnaire
(academic, instructional, personal, linguistic and socio cultural) showed that the academic and
instructional factors have the highest means (3.32, 3.32) respectively, while the personal factors
have the lowest mean (2.75). The study also showed no significant differences for gender and
type of school on the five domains. The paper concluded with a number of suggestions to reduce
the difficulties students face in English.
1/What is the research aim of this study?
The study investigated the language difficulties of the English language center students at the
Arab American University of Jenin(AAUJ)
2/ Is the data collection of the study qualitative or quantitative? Why?
Quantitative. Questionnaires were used.
3/ What is the data collection method of the study?
Questionnaires (with five domains)