JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA

JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

(Formerly) Sri Jayachamarajendra College of
Engineering

JSS TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS CAMPUS

Mysuru-570006

BT610 – Bioethics and Biosafety

Event-1 : Stephen Hawking
Submitted by M Abhilash

01JST18BT010

Submitted to

Hema ma’am

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
JSS TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS CAMPUS
MYSURU – 570006

2020-21
STEPHEN HAWKING
Stephen Hawking was born on 8th January 1942 exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo Galilei& he
was born in oxford during WWII, England, UK. His father was Frank Hawking , an English biologist &
mother was Isobel walker , a Scottish philosophy & he received a bachelor’s degree in physics from
university college, oxford & in 1966 he received a doctorate in physics from Trinity hall ,Cambridge & in
the year of 1965 Stephan Hawking married to girl Jane Wilde, They have three children they are Timothy
Hawking, Lucy Hawking & Robert Hawking ,Stephan Hawking developed motor neurone
disease( neurological disorders that destroy motor neurons, the cells that skeletal muscle activity such
as walking) when he was in early 20s. Most patients with the condition die with five years but he
survived more than fifty years.

Stephan hawking was cosmologist and theoretical physicist & made many contributions, First one was
pioneering work of singularities that defines Einstein first proposed special relativity he left open
the possibility of singularities area where matter was compressed to point that collapse what we now a
call a Black hole in a paper co-authored with Roger Penrose called The singularities of gravitation
collapse in cosmology Hawking proposed that Big Bang Theory, Second one was Quantum
fluctuations & Galaxy formation so after Big Bang the universe through of rapid expansion as it
expanded it cooled & coalesced into matter and it was the tiny quantum fluctuation that caused the
dumping that created the galaxies Further on the universe, the Third one was wave function
theorythat defines the universe one existed in a state without time that no beginning or end in the
words Technically the universe had beginning & no origin this is something steady state theory known as
Haste Hawking state, the fourth one was second law of black hole Thermodynamics this state
that black hole can never get smaller in which nothing can escape from black hole so black hole mass
will decreasing consequently it increases it size The regular expansion of event horizon & he thought
was interesting similar law of thermodynamics which defines that entropy must increase over time
entropy being the state of moving from order to disorder, & the fifth one is Hawking radiation It
defines the black radiation which is emitted by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event
horizon because of this, Black hole that loss more than gain through other means are expected to
shrink & ultimately vanish, Stephan Hawking published four books related to his work in field of science
the books are Brief history of time, The universe in a nutshell , The grand design & Shoulders of giants in
this Brief history of time Book is highest sailed in world related to topic of science(almost 10 million
copies) & Translated in 40 different languages.

Stephen Hawking controversy is between Jacob bekenstein& him ,Jacob argued that Stephan Hawking
second law Black hole Thermodynamics is similar to second law of Thermodynamics is not a
coincidence may be the measure of a black hole’s event horizon where Hawking completed disagreed
and he also showed proof that both are similar.

QUESTIONS:
1.what is the controversy between Stephan Hawking & Jacob Bekenstein?

2. Mention the contributions of Stephan Hawking?

3. which book of Stephan Hawking got sailed for more than 10 million copies?

4.what are motor neuron diseases?

5. why Stephan hawking is known theoretical physicist