Applications of Computer in Pharmacy - Manual: Muhammad Asim Masoom Zubair Faizan Akram

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Applications of Computer in Pharmacy - Manual
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Computer and Its Application in Pharmacy - Manual
COMPUTER AND ITS APPLICATION IN PHARMACY
PRACTICAL MANUAL
Subject Supervisor
Pharm-D (Final Professional)
Fakhra Batool
Session: 2016-2017
(PhD Scholar)
Faculty of Pharmacy& Alternative Medicine
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Page | 1
Page | 2
Acknowledgement
PRACTICAL INCHARGE:
Miss Fakhra Batool

Phd Scholar (Pharmaceutics)
Department of Pharmacy,
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Mr. Faizan Akram Mr. M. Asim Masoom Zubair

Pharm-D (Final Professional) Pharm-D (Final Professional)
Page | 3
Certificate of Completion
This is to certify that ______________________, Final

Professional, Pharm-D has carried out all the necessary
practical work as per studies in the subject of
“Computer & its Application in Pharmacy”
For the session 2016-2017
Grade & Remarks:

__________________________________________________
Preceptor Signature: _______________

Miss Fakhra Batool Date: ___________________
Page | 4
List of Practical’s
Sr. # Name of Practical Date Signature
01 How to create a Google (Gmail) account?
02 How to insert Signature in Gmail Account?
03 Introduction to Microsoft Word (MS WORD)
04 How to make professional curriculum vitae (C.V)?
05 Introduction to Microsoft PowerPoint
06 How to make PowerPoint Presentation?
07 Introduction to Microsoft Excel
08 How to Add Charts and Graphs in Microsoft Excel
09 Introduction to SPSS and How to implement paired

Sample T-Test on data
10 How to implement Post HOC Test on data
11 Introduction to Endnote
12 How to Import References from PubMed through
Endnote?
13 How to Import References from Google Scholar
through Endnote?
Page | 5
Practical # 01
How to create a Google (Gmail) account?
Principle:
Gmail is a web-based email account provider owned by Google. There are also other web-
based email account provide like Outlook, Yahoo, Baidu etc.
Procedure:
Follow these step-by-step instructions to create a Gmail account

Step 1: Open up your internet browser and go to the Google home page:
http:// www.google.com.pk
Step 2: Click on Gmail at the top right corner of the page.
Step 3: You’ll now be in the ‘Sign in’ section. As you

don’t have a Google account yet, you need to create one.
Click Create an account.
Step 4: To set up your new account, Google needs some

information about you – first, your first and last name.
Then ‘choose your username’ is the unique email address
that you wish to use, which will be placed before
‘@gmail.com’. Because it needs to be unique, Google
may have to check the availability of any name that you
decide on to make sure that no one already has it. Type an
email name into the ‘choose your username’ box and then
Figure 1.1: Choose your username
fill out the rest of your information. You will need to ensure
that the ‘I agree to the Google terms of service and Privacy
Policy’ is ticked. Then click next step.
Step 5: If the email name that you requested in is not

available, you’ll get a message saying that somebody
already has that username and offering you some
alternatives. You can decide to accept one of the
alternatives or type in another name and check its
availability once more. You will have to complete some of
the other boxes again. You may have to do this a few
times. Once you finalize your email address, it’s a good
idea to make a note of it so that you can refer to it until you Figure 2.2: Username already taken,
choose another one
remember it.
Page | 6
Conclusion: Your google account (email address) has been successfully created.
Figure 3.3: New Email has been successfully created
Page | 7
Activity
Create an email account (Gmail or Hotmail) with your name & paste a
screen shot below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 8
Practical # 02
How to insert Signature in Gmail Account?
Open Gmail: Ensure that you are logged
in with the address that you want to add a
signature to.
Figure 2.1: Open Gmail
Open the Settings menu: Click the Gear

icon in the upper-right corner of the
window, and select Settings from the
menu that appears.
Figure 2.2: Open the setting menu
Find the Signature section: Scroll down

the Settings menu until you find the
Signature section. You will see a text box
as well as a drop-down menu with your
email address.
Figure 2.3: Find the signature section
Page | 9
Type your signature: You can type anything you'd like into the signature field, and use the
text formatting tools to give your signature a custom look. Signatures commonly include your
name, place of employment and title, and your contact information.
You can change the font, color, weight, and more using the text formatting tools. A signature
should be easy to read and professional. A distracting signature will make you look less
professional to the recipient.
Example 01:
Example 02:
Page | 10
Activity
Insert your signature in any email account & paste the screenshot of your
signature below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 11
Practical # 03
Introduction to Microsoft Word (MS WORD)
How to Start Microsoft Word
1. Find on your desktop

2. Double click the icon to open Microsoft Word
Note: If you do not have Microsoft Word icon on your desktop, try this:
1. Click on the bottom left side of your screen

2. Select ALL PROGRAMS
3. Select MICROSOFT OFFICE
4. Click on MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD
Entering Text
 To enter text, simply start typing!
Deleting Text
 To delete text to the left, tap the BACKSPACE button
 To delete text to the right, tap the DELETE key (located below the INSERT
key)
Saving a Document
1. Click FILE
2. Click SAVE AS
Note: Notice there are two save

options (SAVE, SAVE AS). The Use this drop down arrow to
first is useful is you are updating a navigate to the location you
document you have already saves would like to save your file
and you would like to save over the
previous version. It’s a shortcut. Enter the name
When saving for the first time, use you would like to
give your file here
SAVE AS.
3. Select the folder, or area of

your computer you would like Figure 3.1: Saving a document
to save the file to using the drop
down arrow to navigate between areas on your PC
4. Highlight the text located in the FILE NAME field and hit the DELETE key
5. Enter the name you would like to give the file
6. Click SAVE
Page | 12
Open a File
1. Click FILE
2. Select OPEN
3. Using the drop down arrow, navigate to the location of your desired file
4. Click on the file name
5. Click OPEN
Print a File
1. Click FILE
2. Select PRINT
Note: If you would like to see what the document will look like before its committed
to paper, select the PRINT PREVIEW option instead. If you like what you see,
Click to print the document as is
3. Review the print settings to make any changes necessary (changes could include
printing only certain pages, number of copies, as well as scaling features)
4. Click OK
Note: If you simply want to print a whole document quickly, you can also use the
print shortcut located in the upper left hand toolbar.
Highlighting Text
1. Position your mouse icon to the right of the text your would like to select
2. Hold down the left mouse button and slide your mouse across the text
3. Release the mouse button when all the text you would like to select has been
selected
Note: A shortcut to select all the text in your document is as follows

1. Click EDIT
2. Select ‘Select All’ from the menu (or CTRL + A)
Hint: You can also perform certain
functions using keyboard shortcuts – I
have placed them in parenthesis next
to actions when they are available
Formatting Text
1. Click FORMAT
2. Select FONT
3. Select the changes you would like to
make, then click OK
Note: Text formatting can be done before text

is entered, as well as after. To
Format text that has already been entered,
highlight the selected text you want to change
and follow the steps above.
Figure 3.2: Formatting Text
Page | 13
Note: You can also use the shortcut buttons located in the menu bar at the top of the
page to make quick font type, style, and size changes
Figure 3.3: Shortcut Buttons
Formatting Paragraphs
1. Click FORMAT
2. Select PARAGRAPH
3. Select the changes you would like to make, then click OK
Figure 3.4: Formatting Paragraph
Note: Paragraph justification can also be done using the justification shortcut buttons
located in the menu bar at the top of the page.
Left Justify Centered Right Justify
Formatting a Page
1. Click FILE
2. Select PAGE SETUP
3. Select the changes you would like to make, then click OK
Page | 14
Figure 3.5: Formatting Page
Copy and Paste

1. Select the text you would like to copy
2. Click EDIT
3. Select COPY (or CTRL + C)
Figure 3.6.1: Copy & Paste
4. Place your cursor specifically where you would like to copy the selected text
to (make the cursor is blinking in the place by clicking once with the left
button)
5. Click EDIT
6. Click PASTE (or CTRL + V)
Page | 15
Figure 3.6.2: Copy & Paste
Cut and Paste

1. Select the text you would like to cut
2. Click EDIT
3. Select CUT (or CTRL + X)
4. Place your cursor specifically where you would like to place the selected text
to (make the cursor is blinking in the place by clicking once with the left
button)
5. Click EDIT
6. Click PASTE (or CTRL + V)
Create a Bulleted / Numbered List

1. Click FORMAT
2. Select BULLETS and NUMBERING
Figure 3.7: Create a Bulleted/Numbered List
Page | 16
3. Choose the type of list and parameters you would like to set for the list
4. Click OK
5. Begin entering your text, and click ENTER to create the next item in the list
6. To end the list, click the BULLET LIST or NUMBER LIST icon located in
the formatting menu at the top of the page (You can tell which to click
because it will be the one that is shaded and has a blue trim around it
Undo Feature
1. Click EDIT
2. Select UNDO (or CTRL + Z)
Figure 3.8: Undo Feature
Spell Check
1. Click TOOLS
2. Select SPELLING AND GRAMMAR
_____________________________________________
Page | 17
Activity
Create any two activity from the above practical & paste the screenshot
below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 18
Practical # 04
How to make Professional Curriculum Vitae (C.V)?
What is a CV?
A Curriculum Vitae is a short description of the person’s educational and professional history.
When do you use it?
 when you are applying for a job

 at Interviews to read while waiting to be called in
 For phone applications.
Basic Format
1. Heading
2. Education
 Include study abroad & LEDA Summer Institute
 Include “Dean’s List” (if applicable) under your college heading
 If you are in the sciences or interested in business/finance jobs but do
not have relevant work experience include under your college heading
“relevant course work” and list any relevant course work useful to
position(s) you are applying for.
3. Experience
 unpaid volunteer experience can be included in this section if you do not
have paid work experience
4. Extracurricular Activities
 Focus primarily on college activities. High School activities should be
omitted unless you are freshman not active on campus.
5. Awards/Honors
6. Skills
 Divide this section into “Computer” and “Languages”
Page | 19
1. Heading
 Name, contact information, and a school email address or yourname@email.com

 You can include both a permanent address and a school address in this section
 Should be at the top of the resume and your name should stand out (can be a larger
size, bolded, and centered)
Mr. X
School Address: Permanent Address:
P.O. Box 14121 345 Montgomery St. Apt# 3A,
Stanford, CA, 94309 Brooklyn, NY 11225
Email: l.scholar@stanford.edu
Cell Phone: 212.867.7718
Figure 4.1: Heading
2. Education
 starting with the most recent and not
going back to fare
 concentrate on the important
 including the degree, university or
school and grades
 Including the ISCED (International
Standard Classification of Education)
and a national corresponding degree.
Figure 4.2: Educational Information
3. Work Experience:
 Starting with the most recent
 If you don't have any work experience yet start with education and list part-time or
summer jobs or voluntary work
 If you have a lot, choose the ones relating the most to the job you are applying for but
do not overlook some which do not seem relating but are good like time spend aboard
 Give address of Company and the time spend there and your tasks in the company
 Don't leave gaps
Page | 20
4. Skills and Interests:
 Language Skills
 Computer Skills
 Social Skills
 Technical Skills
 Organisational Skills
 Artistic Skills
Figure 4.3: Skills & Interest

Other Skills:
 Short
“Employers take less than
 easy to read
a Minute for each CV so
 logical ordered
you need to make an
 writing not too small or too big impact”
 avoid writing whole sentences and if just
- Unknown
short sentences
 No spelling or grammar mistakes!!!!!!
 should suit the post you are applying for
 print on two separated pages
 do not split a heading from the rest
 be positive
 be honest
 Have someone else check it.
Page | 21
Activity
Create your CV & paste the screenshot below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 22
Practical # 05
Introduction to Microsoft PowerPoint
Theory:-
Microsoft PowerPoint is a slide show presentation program currently developed
by Microsoft, for use on both Microsoft and Apple Macintosh operating systems. PowerPoint,
initially named "Presenter". PowerPoint is useful for helping develop the slide-based
presentation format and is currently one of the most commonly used slide-based presentation
programs available.
Starting Microsoft PowerPoint:

 Select the Start menu
 Select All Programs
 Select Microsoft Office
 Select Microsoft PowerPoint 2013
Figure 5.1: Starting PowerPoint
 When Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 starts, it opens in normal view and shows the
following screen:
Slides Tab
Slide Pane
Figure 5.2: Welcome Screen of PowerPoint
Page | 23
The Ribbon:
 The Ribbon is the display you see at the top of the Microsoft PowerPoint window. It
is where you access commands for Microsoft PowerPoint.
Figure 5.3: The Ribbon
 Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 has hundreds of commands for working with different
presentations. To make it easier for users to find the commands they are looking for,
commands are organised onto eight main tabs:
 Home - commands for formatting presentations.
 Insert – to insert tables, clip art, pictures, links, headers and footers.
 Design - to change page setup, slide orientation, fonts and styles.
 Transitions - to add and effects to a slide.
 Animations - to add animation to text in a slide and to manage the order.
 Slide Show - tab to finalise the slide show details and timings.
 Review - tab to check spelling.
 View - access the different presentation views, to show and hide the ruler.
Selecting a Slide Layout:

 When you start a new
presentation or add a new
slide, Microsoft PowerPoint
2013 adds a slide with the
default layout. If the layout
isn’t the one you want, you
can change to another one
of the built-in layouts. To Figure 5.4: Selecting a Slide Layout
select a slide layout:
 From the HOME tab, in the Slides group, click Layout. A gallery opens
showing the layouts that can be selected.
 Click on the desired layout to apply the format to the current slide.
Page | 24
Formatting Text:
 The commands commonly used to format text are included in the Font group on the
Home tab:
Figure 5.5: Formatting Text

 Font - Choose selected fonts.
 Font size - change the size of your text.
 Bold - bold your text.
 Italic - italicise your text.
 Underline - underline your text.
 Strikethrough - strike through your text.
 Font Colour - change the colour of your text.
Saving a Document:
 The first time you save a Microsoft PowerPoint 2013
presentation, you need to give it a name and location.
To do this:
 From the File menu, select Save As.
 Now, select a location to save your document.
 Type in the name for the file.
 Click Save.
Figure 5.6: Saving a document
Page | 25
Activity
Perform any 2 activity & paste the screen shot below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 26
Practical # 06
How to make PowerPoint Presentation?
Introduction:
PowerPoint is presentation software that can be

used to create slide shows for printing, on-screen
projection, or Web-based display.
To open PowerPoint in Windows, click on the
Start button --> Programs --> Microsoft

PowerPoint
OR
Double-click on the PowerPoint icon on the

desktop
To change the layout of an open slide, click on the

Layout button in the Home tab.
Figure 6.1: Change the Layout of Slide
To start a new presentation, click on the Office button on the top left corner of
the screen and select New:
The New Presentation window will appear. Here you can select from a
variety of themes and templates by looking under Installed Themes and
Installed Templates. From here you can also search Microsoft Online for
Figure 6.2: Start a
more themes and templates. New Presentation
Figure 6.3: Insert an appropriate theme
Page | 27
PowerPoint - Understanding the Screen
Figure 6.4: Understanding the main screen
1. Office Button: The Office 2007 Button is located in the top left hand corner of the screen.
The Office Button allows you to open, save, and print documents, and perform other
document output functions such as fax and email.
2. The Ribbon: The traditional drop-down menus and toolbars of earlier Microsoft releases
have been replaced by the more intuitive and graphical Ribbon. Click on the arrow to open
a dialogue box with more options.
3. Command Tabs: Office 2007 applications automatically open to the Home command tab,
which contains formatting options needed to create a basic document, such as font and
paragraph settings. Specialized features can be accessed from other command tabs.
4. Slide & Outline Tabs: The Slides tab shows thumbnail images of your slides, allowing
you to rearrange and hide slides and view set transitions as you work. The Outline tab shows
the content of your slides, making it easy to rearrange your text.
5. Slide Panel: This panel is where you enter the content of your slides.
Page | 28
6. Notes Panel: This is where you can enter notes. If you wish to enter longer notes, you can
go to the View tab and select Notes Page.
7. View Buttons: These three buttons include the Normal view, shown here, the Slide Sorter,
which allows you to shuffle your slides, and the Slide Show, which shows the slides as if you
were presenting.
8. Zoom Slider: This allows you to zoom in and out on the Slide Panel.
Selecting a Theme | Customizing a Theme

Design themes are a convenient way to add a professional flair to your presentation. Themes
include preset color palettes, fonts, backgrounds, and formatting effects. PowerPoint provides
you with the option to customize one of their existing themes or to build your own.
Selecting a Theme
To choose a Theme for an open slide, use the Theme group under the Design tab. Use the
arrows on the right of the Theme group to scroll through the themes, or to see all available
themes at once. When you hold your mouse over any of the examples, PowerPoint will show
you a preview of the slide.
Figure 6.5: Selecting the theme design
Page | 29
Activity
Create any 03 to 05 slides presentation & paste the screen shots below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 30
Practical # 07
Introduction to Microsoft Excel
Theory:
 Excel is a computer program used to create electronic spreadsheets.
 Within Excel, users can organize data, create charts, and perform calculations.
 Excel is a convenient program because it allows the user to create large spreadsheets,
reference information from other spreadsheets, and it allows for better storage and
modification of information.
 Excel operates like other Microsoft (MS) Office programs and has many of the same
functions and shortcuts of other MS programs.
Overview of the Excel Screen:

 Microsoft Excel consists of workbooks.
Within each workbook, there is an infinite
number of worksheets.
 Each worksheet contains columns and rows.
 Where a column and a row intersect is called
the cell. For example, cell B6 is located where
column B and row 6 meet. You enter your data
into the cells on the worksheet.
 The tabs at the bottom of the screen represent
different worksheets within a workbook. You
can use the scrolling buttons on the left to bring
other worksheets into view.
 The Name Box indicates what cell you are in.
Figure 7.1: Overview of Excel Screen
This cell is called the “active cell.” This cell is
highlighted by a black box.
 The “=” is used to edit your formula on your selected cell.
Page | 31
 The Formula Bar indicates the contents
of the cell selected. If you have created a
formula, then the formula will appear in
this space.
Figure 7.2: Formula Bar
Format Menu:
 You can change the colors, borders, sizes,
alignment, and font of a certain cell by
going to the “Cell” option in the Format
Menu.
Figure 7.3: Format Menu
Entering Formulas:
● When entering numerical data, you can
command Excel to do any mathematical
function.
● Start each formula with an equal sign (=).
To enter the same formulas for a range of
cells, use the colon sign “:”
Figure 7.4: Entering Formulas
Page | 32
 ADDITION FORMULAS
To add cells together use the “+” sign.
 SUBTRACTION FORMULAS
To subtract cells, use the “-” sign.
 DIVISION FORMULAS
To divide cells, use the “/” sign.
 MULTIPLICATION FORMULAS
To multiply cells, use the “*” sign.
Figure 7.5: Multiplication Formulas
Page | 33
Activity
Perform any two activities & paste the screen shots below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 34
Practical # 08
How to Add Charts and Graphs in Microsoft Excel
Theory:
• Charts, or graphs, provide visual representations of the workbook data.
• A chart may be embedded in an existing worksheet, or can be created on a separate

chart sheet, with its own tab in the workbook.
Create a chart using the Chart Wizard:

• To create a chart with the Chart Wizard:
– Select the data you want to chart,
which will be your data source
– Click the Chart Wizard button on the
standard toolbar
– In the first step of the chart wizard,
select the chart type and sub-type
– In the second step of the Chart
Wizard, make any additions or
modifications to the chart's data
source
Figure 8.1: Create a chart using the chart
– In the third step, make any wizard
modifications to the chart's appearance

– In the fourth and final step, specify the location for the chart, then click the
OK button
Choosing a data series:
• You can alter the data source during step 2 of the Chart Wizard and also choose
whether to organize the data source by rows or by columns.
• The data source is organized into a collection of data series.
– A data series consists of data values, which are plotted on the chart's vertical,
or Y-axis
– The data series’ category values, or X values, are on the horizontal axis, called
the X-axis
Page | 35
• A chart can have several data series all plotted against a common set of category
values.
Figure 8.2: Different Series plotted against a common set of category
Page | 36
Activity
Draw an Excel Chart & paste the screen shots below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 37
Practical # 09
Introduction to SPSS and How to implement
paired Sample T-Test on data
Theory:
SPSS abbreviated as ““Statistical Package for the Social Sciences”
It is a software used for data analysis in business research. Can be used for:
o Processing Questionnaires
o Reporting in Tables and Graphs
o Analyzing: Means, Chi-square, Regression …and much more.
The SPSS Data Editor:
Data View
Figure 9.1: Data View in SPSS
Page | 38
Variable View
Variable view Figure 9.2: Variable View in SPSS
o Name
o Type (Numeric)
o Label
o Values (= the codes of the answers)
o Measure (= Level of Measurement)

This is what Data View looks like with some content added
Figure 9.3: Practical Data View in SPSS

Page | 39
T test:
A T test may be used to compare two group means using either one of the following:
o Within-participants design (a Paired-Samples T Test)

o Between-participants design (an Independent-Samples T Test)
Figure 9.4: How to open Paired Sample T-Test
Page | 40
Figure 9.5: Selecting the appropriate Variables
Figure 9.6: Plotted Data
Page | 41
Activity
Perform Paired Sample T-Test & paste the screen shots below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 42
Practical # 10
How to implement Post HOC Test on data
Theory:
• When we get a significant F test result in an ANOVA test for a main effect of a factor
with more than two levels, this tells us we can reject Ho, i.e. the samples are not all from
populations with the same mean.
• We can use post hoc tests to tell us which groups differ from the rest.
• There are a number of tests which can be used. SPSS has them in the ONEWAY and
General Linear Model procedures
• SPSS does post hoc tests on repeated measures factors, within the Options menu
Sample data
Group 1 2 3 4
12 25 13 24
14 22 14 25
15 19 17 23
13 18 14 16
12 23 34
22
Figure 10.1: Sample Data
Figure 10.2: Post Hoc Test Button

Page | 43
Figure 10.3: Select the desired Test
o m
D e
L S
e a
edr e
e
e
S
Ir-
r
((
i
EJ
Ig
J
B
B)
6
90
7
31
8
22*
5
50
2
84
43
1
40
0
11
94*
9
60
7
32
2
81*
0
60
7
38
83
6
60
7
86
64
5
50
2
83
4
41
6
00
7
38
82
1
40
0
71
94*
4
10
0
14
9
11*
6
60
7
86
62
4
10
0
79
13*
B a
*
T .h
Figure 10.4: Multiple Comparisons
Page | 44
Choice of post-hoc test:

• There are many different post hoc tests, making different assumptions
about equality of variance, group sizes etc.
• The simplest is the Bonferroni procedure
Page | 45
Activity
Perform Post Hoc Test & paste the screen shots below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 46
Practical # 11
Introduction to Endnote
Theory:
Endnote is a program that maintains references and creates your bibliography.
 References just need to be entered once

 References can be imported from search engine to eliminate typographical errors
 References are stored in a data base and can be sorted on any of the features of the
database, e.g. year, author, title.
 Journals have been pre-formatted, so once the citation is made in the text, all the
formatting is done for you and can be changed easily for re-submitted to another
journal.
 Endnote works with Word or Outlook.
 This tutorial is for the PC version of Endnote. The Mac version, would be very similar,
but not identical.
Installing Endnote:
• For new versions
of Endnote (8.0 or
greater) the
installation process
should be as simple
as running the
executable file on
CD and entering in
the correct code.
• Earlier versions
might require file Figure 11.1: How to add Endnote Toolbar in MS. Word
re-location.
After installing Endnote, any version, go to Word and check the toolbars to make sure the
Endnote tool bar is available. If so add it to your toolbars
Page | 47
1. The later versions of Endnote just have a shortcut to the C:/Program
Files/Endnote X directory. I don’t know if this works in the earlier versions.
Figure 11.2: Open through Endnote X directory
• You will be prompted to save the new database. You can browse, just like saving any
other PC file, to save the file where you want.
• You can also title the database anything you want.
• Endnote files will have the Endnote icon to denote them
Figure 11.3: Open the previous Endnote File (Library)
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Activity
Perform the activity & paste the screen shots below:
Signature: _______________
Page | 49
Practical # 12
How to Import References from PubMed through Endnote?
Theory:
REFERENCE is the detailed description of the document from which you have obtained the
information.
Honest and professional citation of references provides part of the framework for sound written
research:
 because you must acknowledge the sources you have used to establish your arguments
and criticisms;
 the references enable other people to identify and trace the sources you have used for
your ideas;
 And it helps avoid charges of plagiarism because it makes clear when you are using
someone else's ideas and words.
Uploading References from PubMed

 The easiest search engine to upload reference from is PubMed.
Figure 12.1: Uploading References from PubMed
Page | 50
• First you want to connect to the PubMed resource. After initially connecting, it will
be short-catted.
Figure 12.2: Connect to PubMed Resource
• Scroll down to PubMed (NLM) and hit connect (NLM=National Library of Medicine)
Figure 12.2: Choose PubMed in Directory (NLM)
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• A search engine should come up.
Figure 12.3: Select the Version
 A conformation box will appear. At this point you can cancel if you have too many
references to search through, and you will be allowed to add more search criteria
Figure 12.4: Confirm to Add Reference
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 Your screen should look something like this. If you double click on the reference you
will get the next screen.
Figure 12.5: Reference Added Successfully
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Activity
Signature: _______________
Page | 54
Practical # 13
How to Import References from Google Scholar through
Endnote?
Theory:
Importing references from databases:
The process of importing will vary from database to database. Some have a built-in export option
while others may require you to save the references into a text file and then import it into Endnote
later. Below we have included instructions for some key databases, but please ask if you need help
importing from another source.
Importing references into Endnote from Google Scholar:
Google Scholar allows you to download bibliographic details into an Endnote library. In order
to do this, click the small cog icon to open the settings, make sure that you have selected 'Show
links to import citations' in the Bibliography manager setting, & also choose Endnote from the
drop-down menu. Click Save to activate the settings.
Alongside each Scholar result you will now see a link to 'Import into Endnote'. Click this link
and, when prompted, choose which Endnote library you want to use and click "Open".
The references are automatically sent to this library and added to the imported folder.
Figure 13.1: Cite from google scholar
Page | 55
Searching internet sources from within Endnote
 You can import references from some internet sources directly from within Endnote -
e.g. PubMed, Web of Science & some library catalogues.
 First, choose an internet source from the Online Search area, in the left-hand panel.
 Enter your search details & click Search
 Note: your searching will need to conform to the 'rules' of the source you are
searching - e.g. for PubMed do not use a comma between the author's surname and
the initials.
 The references you retrieve are added to your library, and can also be viewed in the
Online Search area in the left-hand panel.
 Click more... in the Online Search area to view a full list of the internet sources
available. Note: that not all of the sources will be available to you as some may
require a subscription. You can delete sources from the Online Search area so that you
only see the sources you use regularly. Note: the Web of Science Online Search
option will not work properly if you are working outside the UCL network & you
should use the instructions above instead.
Importing from a PDF file
 From version X4 onwards it is possible to create references from existing PDFs that
you may have stored on your computer. To do this:
 Choose Import from the File menu
 Click Choose to locate the PDF file you have stored on your computer
 Set the Import Option to PDF and click Import.
 Note that the data quality will vary when using this method; some PDF files do not
work as well as others and it is a good idea to check the quality of the imported record
carefully.
Cite While You Write
 When the Endnote software is installed into a computer, a toolbar is automatically
added to Word. This allows you to search your Endnote library directly from your
Word document & to insert citations as you are writing. To do this, make sure that
your Endnote database is open.
Page | 56
Figure 13.2: Cite while you write
 In your Word document, begin to type a document and, when you reach a point where
you want to cite a particular article, click the Insert Citation button on the Endnote
toolbar (the first icon on the left)
 A search box appears where you can search for an author or keyword to find the
reference you want to cite - NB: the search is referring to the contents of your
Endnote library, so it is important that the reference is already contained within that
library.
 When you have identified the reference you want, click the Insert button to insert a
'place-holder' in the appropriate place within your Word document.
 This causes two pieces of formatting to be generated
1. The in-text citation is added & formatted
2 .The citations are added to the reference list at the bottom of your document.
 If you wish to add a batch of references together in the same place within your Word
document, first mark the items you want within your Endnote library and then return
to your Word document & choose Insert Selected Citations from the toolbar.
 As you enter citations, a bibliography/reference list is automatically generated at the
bottom of the document. You can change the formatting by selecting a different Style
from the Endnote toolbar. The style you choose will determine the format of the in-
text citations, as well as the format of the bibliography at the end of the document.
Page | 57
 References:
1. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ion/library/databases/endnote/endnote
Page | 58
Activity
Signature: _______________
Page | 59
Viva Voice Notes
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Applications of Computer in Pharmacy - Manual

Book · May 2017

Muhammad Asim Masoom Zubair Faizan Akram

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Faculty of Pharmacy& Alternative Medicine

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

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Mr. Faizan Akram Mr. M. Asim Masoom Zubair

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09 Introduction to SPSS and How to implement paired

Follow these step-by-step instructions to create a Gmail account

Step 2: Click on Gmail at the top right corner of the page.

Step 3: You’ll now be in the ‘Sign in’ section. As you

Step 4: To set up your new account, Google needs some

Step 5: If the email name that you requested in is not

Figure 3.3: New Email has been successfully created

Figure 2.1: Open Gmail

Open the Settings menu: Click the Gear

Figure 2.2: Open the setting menu

Find the Signature section: Scroll down

Figure 2.3: Find the signature section

How to Start Microsoft Word

1. Find on your desktop

1. Click on the bottom left side of your screen

Note: Notice there are two save

3. Select the folder, or area of

print shortcut located in the upper left hand toolbar.

Note: A shortcut to select all the text in your document is as follows

Note: Text formatting can be done before text

Figure 3.3: Shortcut Buttons

Figure 3.4: Formatting Paragraph

Left Justify Centered Right Justify

Figure 3.5: Formatting Page

Copy and Paste

Figure 3.6.1: Copy & Paste

Figure 3.6.2: Copy & Paste

Cut and Paste

Create a Bulleted / Numbered List

Figure 3.7: Create a Bulleted/Numbered List

Figure 3.8: Undo Feature

When do you use it?

 when you are applying for a job

 Name, contact information, and a school email address or yourname@email.com

Figure 4.1: Heading

Figure 4.3: Skills & Interest

Starting Microsoft PowerPoint:

Figure 5.1: Starting PowerPoint

Figure 5.2: Welcome Screen of PowerPoint

Figure 5.3: The Ribbon

Selecting a Slide Layout:

Figure 5.5: Formatting Text

Figure 5.6: Saving a document

PowerPoint is presentation software that can be

To open PowerPoint in Windows, click on the

Start button --> Programs --> Microsoft

Double-click on the PowerPoint icon on the

To change the layout of an open slide, click on the

Figure 6.3: Insert an appropriate theme