PMT

4753 Mark Scheme January 2009

4753 (C3) Methods for Advanced Mathematics

Section A

1 x −1 < 3 ⇒ − 3 < x −1 < 3 M1 or x – 1 = ±3, or squaring ⇒ correct quadratic ⇒

(x + 2)(x – 4) (condone factorising errors)
⇒ –2 < x < 4
or correct sketch showing y = 3 to scale
A1 –2 <
B1 <4 (penalise ≤ once only)
[3]

2(i) y = x cos 2 x M1 product rule

B1 d/dx (cos2x) = –2sin2x
⇒ dy
= −2 x sin 2 x + cos 2 x
dx A1 oe cao
[3]

d 1 M1 parts with u = x, v = ½ sin 2x

(ii)
∫ x cos 2 xdx = ∫ x dx ( 2 sin 2 x)dx
1 1
= x sin 2 x − ∫ sin 2 xdx A1
2 2 1
1 1 A1ft + cos 2 x
= x sin 2 x + cos 2 x + c 4
2 4
A1 cao – must have + c
[4]
or y = e(x – 1)/2
3 Either y = 1 ln( x − 1) x↔y
2
1 M1 attempt to invert and interchanging x with y o.e.
⇒ x = ln( y − 1) (at any stage)
2 M1
⇒ 2x = ln (y – 1) eln y–1 = y – 1 or ln (ey) = y used
⇒ e2x = y – 1
⇒ 1 + e2x = y E1 www
⇒ g(x) = 1 + e2x

or gf(x) = g( ½ ln (x – 1)) M1 or fg(x) = … (correct way round)

= 1 + eln(x – 1)
=1+x–1 M1 eln(x – 1) = x – 1 or ln(e2x) = 2x
=x E1 www
[3]

2
M1 u = 1 + 4x and du/dx = 4 or du = 4dx
4
∫ 0
1 + 4 xdx let u = 1 + 4 x, du = 4dx
1
∫u
1/ 2
9 1 A1 . du
∫ 4
= 1/ 2
u . du
1 4
u 3/ 2
= ⎡ 1 u 3/ 2 ⎤
9 B1
∫ u1/ 2 du =
3/ 2
soi
⎢⎣ 6 ⎥⎦
1 M1 substituting correct limits (u or x) dep attempt to
= 27 − 1 = 26 = 13 or 4 1 integrate
6 6 6 3 3 A1cao
d 3 M1 k (1 + 4x)3/2
or (1 + 4 x) = 4. (1 + 4 x)1/2 = 6(1 + 4 x)1/2
3/2
A1 2
∫ (1 + 4 x)
dx 2 1/2
dx = (1 + 4 x)3/2 ...
2
3
⇒ (1 + 4 x)1/2 dx = ⎡ (1 + 4 x)3/2 ⎤
1
∫
2

0 ⎢⎣ 6 ⎥⎦ A1 ×¼
0

= 27 1 26 13 1 M1
− = = or 4 substituting limits (dep attempt to integrate)
6 6 6 3 3
A1cao
[5]

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 PMT

4753 Mark Scheme January 2009

5(i) period 180° B1 condone 0 ≤ x ≤ 180° or π

[1]
[either way round…]
(ii) one-way stretch in x-direction M1 condone ‘squeeze’, ‘contract’ for M1
scale factor ½ A1 stretch used and s.f ½
translation in y-direction M1 condone ‘move’, ‘shift’, etc for M1
through ⎛ 0 ⎞
A1 ‘translation’ used, +1 unit
⎜ ⎟ ⎛ 0 ⎞ only is M1 A0
⎝1 ⎠ ⎜ ⎟
[4]
⎝1 ⎠

(iii)
2 M1 correct shape, touching x-axis at -90°, 90°

B1 correct domain

A1 (0, 2) marked or indicated (i.e. amplitude is 2)

–180 180
[3]

6(i) e.g p = 1 and q = –2 M1 stating values of p, q with p ≥ 0 and q ≤0 (but not p

= q = 0)
p > q but 1/p = 1 > 1/q = – ½ E1 showing that 1/p > 1/q - if 0 used, must state that
1/0 is undefined or infinite
[2]

(ii) Both p and q positive (or negative) B1 or q > 0, ‘positive integers’

[1]

7(i) 2 −1/ 3 2 −1/ 3 dy M1 Implicit differentiation

x + y =0
3 3 dx A1 (must show = 0)
2 −1/ 3
x
⇒ dy
=− 3
dx 2 −1/ 3 M1 solving for dy/dx
y
3
1
y1/ 3 ⎛ y ⎞3
= − 1/ 3 = − ⎜ ⎟ * E1 www. Must show, or explain, one more step.
x ⎝x⎠ [4]

(ii) dy = dy . dx
dt dx dt M1 any correct form of chain rule
1
⎛ 8 ⎞3 A1
= − ⎜ ⎟ .6
⎝1⎠
= –12 A1cao
[3]

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 PMT

4753 Mark Scheme January 2009

8(i) When x = 1 y = 12 – (ln 1)/8 = 1 B1

Gradient of PR = (1 + 7/8)/1 = 1 7 M1
8 A1 1.9 or better
[3]

(ii) dy = 2 x − 1
dx 8x B1 cao
When x = 1, dy/dx = 2 – 1/8 = 1 7 B1dep 1.9 or better dep 1st B1
8
Same as gradient of PR, so PR touches curve
E1 dep gradients exact
[3]

(iii) Turning points when dy/dx = 0

1 M1 setting their derivative to zero
⇒ 2x − = 0
8x
⇒ 1
2x =
8x
⇒ x2 = 1/16 M1 multiplying through by x
⇒ x = ¼ (x > 0) A1 allow verification
When x = ¼ , y = 1 − 1 ln 1 = 1 + 1 ln 4
16 8 4 16 8 M1 substituting for x in y
So TP is ( , + 1 ln 4)
1 1
4 16 8 A1cao o.e. but must be exact, not 1/42. Mark final answer.
[5]

(iv) d ( x ln x − x) = x. 1 + 1.ln x − 1 = ln x M1 product rule

dx x A1 ln x

2 1 M1 correct integral and limits (soi) – condone no dx

Area =
∫ ( x 2 − ln x)dx
1 8
2
M1
∫ ln xdx = x ln x − x used (or derived using
= ⎡ 1 x3 − 1 ( x ln x − x) ⎤ integration by parts)
⎢⎣ 3 8 ⎥⎦ 1 3 1
1 A1 x − ( x ln x − x) – bracket required
3 8
= ( − ln 2 + ) − ( − ln1 + 1 )
8 1 1 1 1
substituting correct limits
3 4 4 3 8 8 M1
7 1
= + − ln 2 1
3 8 4
59 1
= − ln 2 * E1 must show at least one step
24 4 [7]

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 PMT

4753 Mark Scheme January 2009

9(i) Asymptotes when (√)(2x – x2) = 0 M1

⇒ x(2 – x) = 0
⇒ x = 0 or 2
so a = 2 A1 or by verification
Domain is 0 < x < 2 B1ft x > 0 and x < 2, not ≤
[3]

(ii) y = (2x – x2)–1/2

let u = 2x – x2 , y = u–1/2 M1 chain rule (or within correct quotient rule)
⇒ dy/du = – ½ u–3/2, du/dx = 2 – 2x B1 – ½ u–3/2 or − 1 (2 x − x 2 ) −3/ 2 or 1 (2 x − x 2 ) −1/ 2 in quotient rule
⇒ 2 2
dy dy du 1 A1 × (2 – 2x)
= . = − (2 x − x 2 ) −3/ 2 .(2 − 2 x)
dx du dx 2
x −1 E1 www – penalise missing brackets here
= *
(2 x − x 2 )3/ 2

dy/dx = 0 when x – 1 = 0 M1 extraneous solutions M0

⇒ x = 1, A1
y = 1/√(2 – 1) = 1 B1

Range is y ≥ 1 B1ft
[8]

(iii) (A) g(−x) = 1 1

= = g(x) M1 Expression for g(–x) – must have g(–x) = g(x) seen
1− (−x) 2
1− x2
E1

(B) g( x − 1) = 1
M1
1 − ( x − 1) 2
1 1
= = = f( x)
1− x + 2x −1
2
2 x − x2 E1 must expand bracket

(C) f(x) is g(x) translated 1 unit to the right. M1

But g(x) is symmetrical about Oy M1
So f(x) is symmetrical about x = 1. A1 dep both M1s

or f(1 – x) = g(–x), f(1 + x) = g(x) M1 or f(1− x) = 1 1 1

= =
2 − 2x − (1− x) 2 − 2 x −1 + 2 x − x
2
1 − x2
2

1 1 1
f(1+ x) = = =
2 + 2x − (1+ x)2
2 + 2 x −1 − 2 x − x 2
1 − x2
⇒ f(1 + x) = f(1 – x) E1
⇒ f(x) is symmetrical about x = 1. A1
[7]

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