Understanding Psychology Chapter 1
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1. Behavioral By focusing on biological mechanisms,
Genetics this type of psychology seeks to
understand how we might inherit certain
behavioral traits and how the environment
influences whether we actually display
such traits.
2. Behavioral The subfield of psychology that mainly
Neuroscience examines how the brain, the nervous
system, and other biological processes
determine behavior.
3. behavioral Focuses on observable behavior.
perspective
The approach that suggests that
observable, measurable behavior should
be the focus of study. It grew out of a
rejection of focusing on the inner
workings of the mind. Focused on
studying and modifying the environment
in which people operated.
4. behavioral "It is behavior that can be observed that
perspective should be studied, not the suspected
inner workings of the mind." This
statement was most likely made by
someone with which perspective?
a. cognitive perspective
b. neuroscience perspective c. humanistic
perspective d. behavioral perspective
5. Clinical Unites the areas of neuroscience and
Neuropsychology clinical psychology by focusing on the
origin of psychological disorders in bio-
logical factors. It builds on our
understanding of the structure and
chemistry of the brain.
6. cognitive The approach that focuses on how
perspective people think, understand, and know
about the world. It looks at how people
comprehend and represent the outside
world within themselves and how our
ways of thinking about the world
influence our behavior.
7. Cognitive the branch of psychology that focuses on
psychology higher mental processes, including
thinking, memory, reasoning, problem
solving, judging, decision making, and
language
8. Counseling the branch of psychology that focuses
psychology primarily on educational, social, and
career adjustment problems.
9. Cross-cultural investigates the similarities and differences
psychology in psycho- logical functioning in and across
various cultures and ethnic groups.
10. determinism behavior is caused or determined by things
beyond a person's control
11. Developmental the branch of psychology that studies how
psychology people grow and change from the moment
of conception through death
12. Evolutionary Stemming from Charle's Darwin, this type of
Psychology psychology considers how behavior is
influenced by our genetic inheritance from
our ancestors. Our genetic inheritance
determines not only physical traits such as
skin and eye color but certain personality
traits and social behaviors as well.
13. Experimental the branch of psychology that studies the
psychology processes of sensing, perceiving, learning,
and thinking about the world
14. free will the ability to freely make decisions about
one's own behavior and life; comes from
the humanistic perspective
15. functionalism an early approach to psychology that
concentrated on what the mind does-the
functions of mental activity-and the role of
behavior in allowing people to adapt to
their environments.
16. gestalt The statement "In order to study human
behavior, we must consider the whole of
perception rather than its component parts"
might be made by a person subscribing
to which perspective of psychology?
17. gestalt An approach to psychology that focuses on
psychology the organization of perception and thinking
in a "whole" sense rather than on the
individual elements of perception.
18. humanistic "My therapist is wonderful! He always points
out my positive traits. He dwells on my
uniqueness and strength as an individual. I
feel much more confident about myself— as
if I'm really growing and reaching my
potential." The therapist being described
most likely follows a _______ perspective.
19. humanistic Contends that people can control their
perspective behavior and that they naturally try to reach
their full potential. It is an approach that
suggests that all individuals naturally strive
to grow, develop, and be in control of their
lives and behavior. Additionally, it assumes
that people have the ability to make their
own choices rather than relying on societal
standards.
20. information processing
21. introspection
22. introspection
23. It believed introspection
could reveal the structure of
the brain, which was an
assumption. Additionally,
there was no way to
determine the accuracy of
what people said in
describing their experiences.
24. neuroscience perspective
25. Personality psychology
26. psychodynamic
In a cognitive perspective,
thinking is
Early psychologists studied
the mind by asking people to
describe what they were
experiencing when exposed
to various stimuli. This
procedure was known as
a procedure used to study
the structure of the mind in
which subjects are asked to
describe in detail what they
are experiencing when they
are exposed to a stimulus.
What was the problem with
structuralism? Why did
functionalism replace it?
Views behavior from the
perspective of biological
functioning.
The approach that views
behavior from the
perspective of the brain, the
nervous system, and other
biological functions from
people and animals. It
includes the study of
heredity and evolution.
the branch of psychology
that focuses on the
consistency in people's
behavior over time and the
traits that differentiate one
person from another.
Jeanne's therapist asks her to
recount a violent dream she
recently experienced in
order to gain insight into the
un- conscious forces
affecting her behavior.
Jeanne's therapist is working
from a _____ perspective.
27. psychodynamic perspective
28. A psychologist treats
psychological disorders, earning
a PsyD (doctor of psychology). A
psychiatrist diagnosis and treats
psychological disorders, earning
a medical degree and a PhD
(doctor of philosophy).
29. Psychology
30. The scientific study of behavior
and mental processes.
31. structuralism
32. structuralism
33. structuralism, functionalism,
gestalt
34. Structuralism tried to look at the
structure of the human brain by
exposing people to a stimulus
and asking them to describe
what they experience.
Functionalism is a more scientific
approach that concentrates on
what the mind does and how
behavior functions.
Believes behavior is
motivated by inner,
unconscious forces over
which a person has little
control. Dreams and slips
of the tongue indicates
what a person is truly
feeling. Its origin is linked
with Sigmund Freud.
What is the difference
between a psychologist
and a psychiatrist? What
are the different
degrees? What do the
degrees stand for?
The term encompasses
not just what people do
but also their thoughts,
emotions, perceptions,
reasoning processes,
memories, and even the
biological activities that
maintain bodily
functioning.
What is psychology?
Wundt described
psychology as the study
of conscious experience,
a perspective he called
Focuses on uncovering
the basic mental
components of
consciousness, thinking,
and other kinds of
mental states and
activities. Psychology is
the study of conscious
experience.
What three early
perspectives guided the
work of psychologists?
What is the difference
between structuralism
and fundamentalism?
35. Wilhelm Wundt The formal beginning of Psychology began with whom? Who laid its foundation in 1879?
36. William James Who led functionalism?