Introduction:

Poverty is continue rising all over the world almost 40% out of 107 developed countries are
living in poverty, report by the World Bank. Pakistan is one of the 43 countries which is most at
risk of poverty. Poverty in Pakistan is primarily widespread in rural Areas. In Rural areas 2/3 of
our population living most of them rely on agriculture. They lacking between the basic need such
as clean water, health, schooling and other social factors
A World Bank report shown that 37.4% children of Pakistan under the age of five are starving
for food. Out of a population of 1.42 billion, South Asia already has about 400 million poor.
Poverty is not only endemic; in fact, it is concentrated with the passage of time.  Pakistan's social
sector spending was further limited by a high poverty level.
In the past three years, poverty rates have jumped from 23.9% to 37.5%, according to the
Pakistan Planning Commission. The Committee reported that 35,5 million people lived below
the poverty line in 2005, but in 2008 poverty increased to 64 million therefore been an increase
in unemployment. moreover, 40% of the urban people live in slum areas. Reduced social sector
investment raises poverty and lowers the country's living standards. The problem has also been
caused by high inflation, price rise and a lack of commodities. This is our macro economy's
distinctive element. I would like to advise the government on the following measures to tackle
poverty. There has to be a big project to create jobs. Creation of infrastructure is an important
way of reducing the rising poverty ratio. Housing is another area that must be promoted by a
well-planned program of incentives. There can also be a improvement in transport industry.
Better laws and order will be helpful in restoring industry and reducing rising poverty.

To what extent does stigma contribute to the experience of living in poverty in the Pakistan,
and what could be done to address this?
What evidence is there that economic growth reduces poverty overall, and under what
circumstances?
What is the role of organizations outside central governments in tackling poverty, and how
do they do it?
How does education affect poverty? How education overcome the poverty?
How natural disaster cause of rising in poverty?
How industries effect the poverty?
Income and wealth inequality
Inequality is been rising as a global phenomenon. Today in world population about 8men have
the same wealth as 3.6 billion According to the report of Oxfam’s briefings paper. Seven out of
ten people living in a world have faced unequal treatment in the last three decades. The study
further notes that the world's first trillionaire will be in operation in the next 25 years.
Furthermore, the economically poor countries cost 1.000 billion dollars per year to avoid
corporate taxes. This amount will provide 124 million children with education and avoid the
death of at least six million children worldwide. World inequality, on the other hand, has
devastating effects for low-income countries such as Pakistan.
Pakistan is receiving $1,629 per capita. The cost of food, health, housing, education and other
basic needs can be borne in the country for a year by poor families. While the per capita income
from Bangladesh, grew up to $1,602. Oxfam’s another report titled that Pakistan ranks 139 out of
152 countries according to ranking in Contribution to Reduced Inequality (CRI). In education,
health and social security, it ranked 146; progressive taxation is 98; and labor rights ranked 118
according to the report (CRI) According to Pakistan's development analysts, consumptive
poverty decreased from 57.9% to 29.5% between 1998-99 and 2013-14. Around 2004-5 and
2014-15, the multi-dimensional poverty of education, health and living conditions fell from
55.2% to 38.8%. The Gini coefficient stands at 0.41 in 2013-14, although it stands at 0.35 in
1987-88.  Moreover, Pakistan's richest 20% spends 7 times more than the poorest 20%. Our
nation is currently on a strong deficit track. This led to 35% of people living below the poverty
line, about 22.4 million children are not going to school and 45% are disabled.
moreover, no stats can measure women's unpaid domestic work.   They don't get fair pays, and
about 63 per cent of young people spend their lives impractically. Pakistan's differences of
revenue and resources are downwards. Only 22 people in our country have trillions of assets and
savings in reserve, the rest of ones lives in hunger and poverty. The infrastructures of education
and health are about to collapse. The institutions are rotten. Institutions. Legal and social values
decline Moreover, extreme inequality causes major societal corruption, obstruct economic
development, lead to unequal distribution of resources and profits, legal and ethical iniquities,
and influence labor and human rights badly. This describes the country's overall economic
condition   In Pakistan, civil society groups, public sector institutions and INGOs are working
on such issues as hunger, inequality in education, water, food, rights and more.
However, the inequality is untouched and undebated which is the root cause of all those
problems. Inequality is highly political topic, because it is deeply rooted in government policy
and structures Citizens, civil society, policy-makers and parliamentarians must however, be
advocated in order to initiate national discourse. Inequality now needs to be handled.
The CRI index reveals that some African countries have managed inequality through spending
on schooling, health and social security. Government spending on education, health and social
security must be increased and the men and women must earn equal pay for their jobs. In order
to bring about progressive and just fiscal systems the government should redesign and simplify
the tax system.
In the north east and southwest of Baluchistan, these are the districts that’s are Extreme Poverty
Zone 1 (the poorest in the country) south of Sindh and north of KP are also included Peshawar,
Nowshera, Chiniot, and Toba Tek Singh Are in higher poverty zones. Punjab has included in
lower poverty zone.
UNEMPLOYMENT
Pakistan is one of those countries facing this huge problem, which is the path of destruction in
the economy. There are few studies show that approximately 4 million people in Pakistan are
unemployed, which is a very dangerous sign to Pakistani people. This new government  
Speaking loudly in the past, they were going to give the unemployed jobs.   But they are really
upset everyone after getting rule and failed to manage the situation, Today the public's issue is
seriously concerned and they demand the government for solving it on prior bases All qualified
students who passing out from their degree are jobless because they do not have any chance, so
they go abroad for jobs. Many studies have shown that Pakistan is the worst place for jobs.

.
As shown in the table that unemployment rate is decline from 6.2 to 5.9 but in contrast it is
unfavorable for Pakistan. However, in 2001 the rate is 8.3 but now the population is increased
and peoples needs more jobs opportunities
If GDP is to be put on a fast growth track of at least 6%, the macroeconomic problems will be to
resolve. This is crucial if Pakistan is to absorb its workforce productively, which grow from
2001-02 to 2013-14 at 2,5 percent annually. Currently there are almost 4 million unemployed
people. Pakistan is experiencing a youth bulge, considering its demographic profile. It is
estimated that by the end of 2050 about 230 million people will be looking for jobs

Natural disasters such as earth quick and flood 

The relationship between poverty levels and vulnerability to natural disasters can be seen more
closely within each province. Poor districts have repeatedly faced some of the worst natural
disasters, heavily bearing losses and damages as they continue to have limited capacity to deal
with these recurring disasters.
50,000 people are affected due to rainfall in Baluchistan, 10000 families were affected in
Barkhan, Sibi, Kohlo, Bolan, Naseerabad. Flash food and torrential rain in the following year In
Ziarat, Loralai, Nushki and parts of Chagai and Mastung brought life to a standstill. In 2013,
flood was again hit in Jaffarabad, Naseerabad, Jhal Magsi, Sibi, Khuzdar, Lasbela, Loralai and
Killa Saifullah. The same year an earthquake of 7.8 Richter struck and destroyed part of Washuk,
and another earthquake hit the province in the southwest, where some of the country's poorest
areas are worse affected
These included Awaran, Kech, Kharan, Panjgur, Washuk, Gwadar (Provincial Disaster
Management Authority, Balochistan). Table 1 presents the poverty headcount ratio of the most
disaster affected districts in the province highlighting the fact that the poorest populations are
greatly and disproportionately affected by these recurring disasters.
In KPK, there have been common occurrences flash -floods in several districts that have high
poverty include: Swat, Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Chitral, Shangla, Kohistan, Mardan, Koh at, and
DI Khan. The 201 0-ood was the most devastating in the province's recent history, affecting over
3.8 million people. The most affected districts included Nowshera, Swat, Charsadda, Kohistan,
Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Shangla, DI Khan, Tank, Mansehra, Haripur, and Chitral. The highest
losses were recorded in Swat, Nowshera, Charsadda, Kohistan, and DI Khan. The following
year, Charsadda, DI Khan, Kohistan, Lower Dir, Upper Dir, Nowshera, Peshawar, Shangla,
Swat, and Tank were again among the most -flood affected districts. In 2012, -flash -flooding
during the monsoon season again affected several villages and localities in Upper and Lower Dir,
Nowshera, Charsadda, Malakand, financial Disaster Management Authority, KPK).

In Punjab the 2010 floods severely devastated many parts of the province, but the most aected
districts not only had a very high incidence of poverty but also hosted the largest populations of
the poor given population density. These most affected districts included; Mianwali, Khushab,
Bhakkar, Layyah, Muzaargarh, DG Khan, Rajanpur, Rahimyar Kham, Jhang, Multan, and
Sargodha. Muzaargarh and Rajanpur had the highest number of people affected during the 2010
-floods Table 3 shows the poverty rates in some of the districts that have repeatedly been
affected by disasters during the years 2009-2013.

Poor Governance
The World Bank ranks countries in various areas annually Under the heading of "Matters of
Governance." Each nation is put in percentile terms within the total distribution of scores in a
given indicator. The greater the percentile, the worse the country's role.
For Pakistan, years 2012 and 2015, two set of rankings are presented In Table 3.8, respectively.
The previous year was in the governance of PPP. although the latter is in the hands of the
incumbent Government of, PML (N)
Perhaps the results are shocking.   The overall ranking of Pakistan has improved from 82 and
78th percentiles in 2012 to 2015.However, it compares with India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
unfavorably there are lot of factors that  led to a rise in poverty, including weak development
rates, economic reforms and stability measures, poor productivity of human capital and bad law
and order But the rising in poverty has generally, increased by poor governance. a It is believed
that Pakistan was failed to adopt the policies which resulted in greater growth and poverty
reduction in the other countries. 

 Lack of proper educational system

There are many root causes of poverty. Yet one aspect that stands out is education among the
main causes of global poverty. Not everyone without schooling lives in poverty, but most of
them lack because of education   People living below the poverty line are also more likely to
have their kids out of school, which means their kids are also more likely to remain in poverty.
Education is also called the main equalizer: it will open the door to jobs opportunities and
abilities which a family not only needs to survive, but also thrive. education is the most
important factor reduced poverty. This is mainly because it solves many other problems that can
keep vulnerable communities. Education is the road to national development.

Approximately 51.17 million children in Pakistan are between the ages of 5 and 16 years. out
of these, 22.64 million children are out of school, which is approximately 44% of all children
5-16 years in Pakistan. More girls are out of school compared to boys - 12.1 million girls vs.
10.5 million boys.
There are no separate pre-primary institutions in public sector. Total enrollment at pre-primary
stage is 4.5 million in the private sector, whereas the private sector has enrollment of 4.2
million.

Total number of public schools in Pakistan is 151,999, covering grades 1 to 12. Approximately
80% of these schools are primary schools only. Out of all primary age children in Pakistan (5-9
years), approximately 77% are enrolled in schools.

Poor industrial standards 

In the economic growth of underdeveloped countries, industrialization plays a key role. Instead
of focusing on agriculture or on the production of national resources, the world's developed
countries have broken through a vicious cycle of poverty, as histories show. Now as a
developing country Pakistan would like to be able to attain a higher standard of living for its
people. It is therefore following policies that encourage privatization and economic deregulation.
In economic growth, industry plays a complex role, however, these are some of its main effects.
Steps to overcome poverty
Generate the job opportunities
Providing job opportunities plays an important role to overcome poverty. In a country where rate
of unemployment increases their poverty also increases because when an individual would not
have a job than that person could not be able to fulfill his basic needs therefore providing job
opportunities are very important to overcome poverty.
Increase in literacy rate
Literacy rate also has a large impact on reducing poverty because when a society will be literate
or educated the resources will be used more effective and efficient without knowledge better use
of resources is difficult and when resources will not be used properly which lead to poverty
without education an individual cannot set up self-business therefore for getting rid of poverty
education is important to decrease poverty.
Controlling over population
Over population also lead to poverty because when population increase than the resources
remain sufficient to meet the need of the population therefore keeping balance in the population.
according to resources is important to live safe from poverty when resources remain same and
population increase fast which lead to poverty therefore controlling over population is important
to overcome poverty.
Equal excess on market
Equal excess on to market is more beneficial for poor population as compared to rich population
of the society. Poor people rely on formal and informal market to sell their products and services
if easily excess will not be available for poor population than they could not be able to easily sell
their products the products either they have earned from agriculture so that easily and equal
excess on market plays an important role to overcome poverty.
Promote to agriculture
Promotion of agriculture is also one of the important aspect to decrease poverty because majority
of rural population is poor depends on agriculture and agriculture is their mean of income so by
promoting agriculture it will be beneficial for decreasing poverty.
Promoting the industrialization
Due to industrialization rate of poverty decreases because when industries increase jobless
people will get job many employees will be hired in industrial sector which in term decrease
unemployment which can lower the rate of poverty reason being the resources will be use more
effective and waste product will be changed to useful products and jobless population will
decrease so in this way promotion of industrialization lead to decrease in poverty
Equal distribution of resources
When resources are distributed equally that lead to decrease in poverty in present time Ehsaas
kafalat program and sehat cards are also playing an important role in decreasing poverty because
through sehat card poor population of the society can do their treatment in those places where
rich population can approach in this way resources are equally distributed equally.
Increase in individual income
Increase in income of an individual income play an important role to overcome poverty therefore
the minimum rate of salary should be increased due to minimum rate of income rate of poverty
increasing the minimum rate of salary should increase with the passage of time because price of
products is increasing day by day therefore increase in individual income is important to
overcome poverty.