Involvement of machine learning in improving
information access: A Systematic Review
Abstract
The data and its management is very important for
the effective growth of the industries as this helps
in making effective decision. The machine
learning is important to be implemented for
improving the information access as data quality
is very important to handle. Every industry needs
to implement the unique algorithms through
which machine learning can be brought into
existence. In the following research two common
algorithms are being suggested which can be
implemented in almost every field and industry.
Two algorithms are recognized as Random forest
and Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm
which can be implemented in almost all industries
and all sectors. Also, different areas in which
machine learning can be implemented are
explored so that better results can be achieved
easily. The education, medical, business and many
other areas are recognized and particular sectors
are identified as data under machine learning is
effectful in these fields. The qualitative data is
collected using literature review and relevant
information is analyzed using Content analysis,
thematic and disclosure analysis.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Random Forest,
Support Vector Machine, content analysis,
thematic analysis, disclosure analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Background
In the competitive world today because of
advancement in information technology and
telecommunication the need for data is increasing
and the expanded channels have brought several
opportunities as well as challenges. The data plays
an important role in handling all tasks of different
organizations efficiently. Though reaching
customers through data can help to enhance the
marketing campaigns and other efforts related to
personalization and fundraising (Cioffi et al.,
2020). But it is important that the data acquired is
correct and relevant. Also, managing the data
quality is equally important for the companies.
There are so many data entry points through
which it becomes difficult for the companies to
ensure that there is no inaccurate data. If there
exist no appropriate algorithms that can ensure
that data entered is inaccurate it becomes difficult
to obtain the advantages of data. Thus, artificial
intelligence or machine learning-based algorithms
must be implemented which can enhance the
overall performance of the companies by
appropriately managing the data and ensure that
the accuracy rate of data entered is higher when
compared with other services. The data quality is
important for resolving the problems and
enhancing the decision-making processes. The
data quality helps fulfil the requirements of the
different companies in terms of security as well.
Different dimensions are recognized so that the
quality of data can be defined easily using
different attributes. The data need to be complete
so that they meet the expectations and helps in
effective. The machine learning algorithms help
ensure that data is complete. These algorithms are
also helpful in maintaining the consistency of the
data to ensure that everyone accesses similar
information which helps in presenting better
decisions. Accuracy is one of the important
qualities of the data and the main focus of all
machine learning algorithms is made on data
accuracy. The data availability is also important if
the decisions need to be made depending on the
data. An appropriate form of data is necessary for
the algorithms and it needs to be ensured that
proper format, range and definition must be
followed. Thus, data quality and effective
management are very important for the
appropriate growth of the company of any sector.
Machine learning and master data management
can be linked together so that better corporation in
AI and Machine Learning can be achieved easily.
The machine learning algorithms are therefore
helpful in enhancing the accuracy, consistency,
manageability among other different sectors
(Bansal et al., 2015). Thus, it is important to
research is conducted which can provide the
required algorithm for all different industries as
the common algorithm is easy to handle and
management of data becomes an easier task. The
following research document has proposed an
algorithm that enhances information accessibility
and performs better functionalities with accurate
data. The proposed algorithm is helpful for all
industries like healthcare, retail, banking, supply
chain, education, social media and other sectors.
The common algorithm is analyzed using different
algorithms provided by different authors but in a
single industrial sector. The research conducted by
different authors has been explored first and then
the gap between different researches is analyses,
to fulfil the gap the following research is proposed
and better output related to the issues is provided
by suggesting a common algorithm.
Relative work
Many researchers have implied the research in the
research in this area so that they can provide a
better algorithm for different applications and
companies. Agaoglu, (2016) in his research has
presented a classifier through which real and fake
data can be differentiated for enhancing data
accuracy. Wuest et al., (2016) have focused on the
current situation of social media and algorithms
that help detect spam which is important to handle
the current situation of an increasing number of
users on social media and chances of accurate data
has reduced to a greater extend. Najafabadi et al.,
(2015) has provided the analysis for CRM so that
a better understanding of demography can be
achieved. The sentiment analysis and
classification approaches are used so that data can
be reviewed and decisions are made effectively.
This has stated that machine learning for data
management plays an important role in handling
the activities in different organization. Smart
devices are associated with the organization as
customers from different devices access the
information. This has increased the need for
proper management of data to ensure that quality
data is accessed by the company for the decision
making process. Calandra et al., (2012) has also
analyzed different applications related to voice
and video recognition application so that better
algorithms are provided for advancement. The
dimensions of networking in e-commerce and net
banking can be improvised so that better outputs
can be received through data management. Also,
the user experiences and enhancement in the
customer needs is achieved. Moreover, the access
of information through machine learning has
helped to enhance the performance of the
customers to a greater extent. Cusumano, (2005)
has focused on the healthcare sector which states
that data need to be handled with appropriate
streamlined machine algorithms under which data
is analyzed properly. Even in the current scenario
of the Covid19 if effective data management is
achieved it will be easy to calculate the distances
and collecting relative information. This has
increased the need for machine learning so that
information from the data can be obtained more
easily and enhanced outputs are provided.
Salakhutdinov & Hinton, (2009) has provided the
algorithms which are applicable in the education
sector and different activities of the industry are
handled with the algorithm provided. The quality
assurance needs to be achieved through the private
and public schools which state that a learning-
based model can be achieved with the help of
machine learning when implemented in different
scenarios related to the education sector. Many
works have focused on the handling of data
through machine learning in the current scenario
of Covid19. Hinton & Salakhutdinov, (2010) has
stated that information using ML algorithms can
be used for getting the sentimental as well as
psychological senses. This has also increased the
need for the implementation of artificial
intelligence through which understandings can be
enhanced easily.
Gap Analysis
It can be analyzed from the above description of
different articles in which the research has been
conducted in the context of machine learning for
better management of data. Though many
researchers have been conducted by different
authors and they have presented the algorithms
through which machine learning can be
implemented successfully for data management.
But they all have provided the algorithms either
for individual industry or for the individual sector.
Therefore, the need for research arises under
which a single algorithm can be implemented in
the various industrial sector (Salton & Buckley,
1988). This increases the capability of the
resources and data management become more
efficient. The process of access to information
becomes easier and development in any sector can
be achieved easily. The quality of data can also
easily be maintained if a single algorithm provides
complete information regarding the handling of
data in an accurate manner. This also helps to
enhance the accuracy rate of the data. The
additional resources are not required if the
communication amongst the cross-industries is
maintained (Bengio, 2013). Therefore, a single
algorithm has more importance when different
industries are considered. The following research
has focused upon on a single algorithm that can be
implemented in different sectors like healthcare,
retail, banking, supply chain, education, social
media and other sectors. This helps to eliminate
the gap which has been recognized under the
different researches conducted by various authors.
The following research has also identified
different areas in which the machine learning
algorithms can be implemented so that better it
can enhance the knowledge of readers. Focus is
completely made on the different areas of
implementation for machine learning as well as a
single algorithm that can be implemented in
different sectors so that issues related to machine
learning can be resolved easily.
Research Questions
It is important for any research that some relevant
research questions must be answered and this
enhances the capability of the research. This also
attracts the readers as they mainly focus on the
output that they can achieve after reading the
research. The most relevant research question that
can be answered through this research are listed
below:
 What are the main areas in which machine
learning can be implemented so that better
information access can be achieved easily?
What is the importance of data
management through machine learning in
different sectors?
 Which algorithms can be implemented in
different industries like healthcare, retail,
banking, supply chain, education, social
media and other sectors so that better
information access can be achieved easily?
METHODS
Data collection method
Since no enhanced calculation are needed for the
proposed research, the most suitable method for
collecting the data related to machine learning is a
literature review. This stated that qualitative data
is required for conducting valuable research. The
literature review is done that is different articles
are obtained from the journals which are present
online on the internet are reviewed. The journals
that are included for the research purposes are
iEEExplorer, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect and
others. All the articles that are being accessed are
peer-reviewed (Paradis et al., 2016). The
keywords like machine learning, information
access, data quality and data management are
looked in for collecting the relevant information.
The group discussions are done with the team
members so that relevant information can be
collected and presented to the readers. Therefore,
observations are conducted so that all relevant
information related to the research. Since the
research question focuses on a single algorithm
for different industries, it is important that articles
describing the algorithms for various sectors are
chosen and data is collected from these articles.
The resources that are needed for conducting the
research include the internet and various articles
of journals (Aguinis et al., 2019). The Google
Scholars can also be explored for different
scholarly articles and experiences and ideas are
explored in a detailed manner; an in-depth
analysis helps achieve the relevant resultsv (Dahl
et al., 2012).
Data analysis
Once the data is collected from different articles
and jotted down so that the next step is to analyze
the data. In this research, three different methods
are used for analyzing the data collected. These
three methods are described below:
 Content analysis: the algorithms are
divided based on sectors. Different
meanings of words, phrases and sentences
are discussed so that a clear view of the
information can be achieved. These can be
implemented for a better understanding of
the data and machine learning can be
achieved. This enhances the knowledge
through which the research questions can
be answered effectively (Hase, 2021). An
in-depth analysis of the content is done so
that better results can be achieved easily.
  Thematic analysis: The next effective
method that can be used for analyzing the
data collected in the coding and
examination of the data so that broad
themes and patterns can be achieved
easily. With this method, the complete
focus is made on the areas of the machine
learning and the algorithms which are
common in the different industrial sector.
The themes are selected as machine
learning algorithm and they are analyzed
for achieving knowledge related to
different sectors ("Capturing student
learning with thematic analysis", 2017).
 Discourse analysis: the communication
and meanings of the content are analyzed
so that an effective algorithm can be
decided. Before deciding on the particular
algorithm all other options are explored in
a detailed manner and this helps jot down
the results of the research (Muller, 2015).
All issues and exposures are explored
before making the final decision.
Table of Authors missing
RESULTS
After collecting data from different articles and
analyzing them the results achieved are discussed
below:
Areas in which machine learning can be
implemented
The main areas in which machine learning for
data management proves to be beneficial and is
helpful in the achievement of relevant targets are
listed below:
 Image Recognition: it is one of the most
common applications that are applicable
for machine learning. It easily recognizes
the objects, graphics, images and others.
On basis of further actions are performed.
For example, automatic friend tag
suggestions facility is provided by
different websites and this information is
completely based on the images present.
Many social media websites have
popularly used this feature and Google
also has used a similar algorithm (Righi et
al., 2016). The search engine google can
take input as an image and preset all
relevant information in one click. This is
directly associated with the social media
industry.
 Speech Recognition: for enhancing
communication in business different
companies make use of applications either
online or offline that has provided the
facility of "Search by voice" and this is
only possible by the application of
machine learning. The different algorithms
related to speech recognition need to make
sure that they understand the correct query
and respond accordingly (YOU & MA,
2017). Data accuracy plays an important
role in this process as information
accessibility increases to a greater extent.
Google Assistant, Siri, Cortana, and Alexa
are using speech recognition and they have
algorithms based on machine learning.
 Traffic prediction: in the security industry
or automobile industry the correct path and
shortest routes are very important for the
execution of the operation. For this the
 information from the traffic data need to provided easily. This enhances the health
be achieved, this can only be achieved by of the patients.
making use of the machine learning  Banking sector: the satisfaction level of
algorithm (Rodríguez et al., 2020). Google the customers can be enhanced as data of
maps and sensors are the best applications the users is provided and predictions are
that can be used for enhanced output of the made accordingly. If advanced banking
operations. services are provided to the customers, it is
 Email Spam and Malware Filtering: in the easy to achieve better financial growth of
computing field the spam recognition and the country.
malware filtering are very important so  Plagiarism checkers: this is beneficial for
that better and advanced output can be the education sector as the plagiarism
achieved easily. To obtain the same the checker platforms such as Turnitin make
data plays an important role as filters can use of ML at their core functioning to
be implied if and only if advanced detect plagiarized content (Shafer, 2014).
information related to the users is present. This is helpful for the educational
Machine learning plays an important role department for keeping the records in a
in this context (Broadhurst & Trivedi, definite manner.
2018).
Common Algorithm
 Trading: the risks of stock up and down
It is imperative for the industries that they can
always exist but the predictions for the
make use of the right and common algorithms so
traders are easily made and then helps to
that they can perform different operations on the
present the relevant information. The
correct data. The two algorithms which can be
information is completely based on the
implied in all industries are Random Forest and
data of the market trends and trading
SVM.
decisions are made accordingly. Therefore,
machine learning is very important for  Random forest: it is a flexible machine

advanced predictions related to trading. algorithm through which reliable results

 Medical Diagnosis: Based on the available are being produced, because of its ease to

data the decisions related to the diseases use and simplicity is one of the most

are made and diagnosis are done popular algorithms. It can be used for

effectively for future diseases. This has regression and identification purpose. It

enhanced the health of the patients as establishes different decision trees and

accurate information related to the diseases combines them so that they can provide

is provided to them (Z Zaghloul, 2012). stable and accurate predictions. Thus, this

Based on the 3D printing and data algorithm is beneficial in all industrial

availability the medical treatment can be sectors as predictions that are made by
using this algorithm is beneficial in all
 term. The biggest advantage of this simplified prediction and calculations need
algorithm is that it can be used for both to be made as the algorithms are presented
classification and regression activities. The in the graphic image. The decision-making
relative importance helps to provide better process becomes an easier task in that
input features (Mantas et al., 2018). It case. Through this algorithm, the
provides reliable results as the predictions categorization of the text and hypertext
that are made are accurate and easily be can be done. The training of data is
relied upon. The only disadvantage is this important as this helps to classify the
algorithm is that it requires a large number documents in different forms (kumar,
of decision trees to be constructed. The 2017). These forms are based on the scores
data quality is provided by the Random that are generated and comparisons are
Forest algorithm and it can be used for made on the highest value. The SVMs help
banks, e-commerce, medicine, and the play an important role in the recognition of
stock market. Fraud recognition can also handwriting and this is helpful in the
be effectively achieved by the companies. validation of various documents. The
In the social media industry, it is beneficial classification of genes is done and
for making predictions and generating biological problem in patients is detected,
suggestion for the customers based on the for example, the SVM algorithm has been
different activities performed by the users used to detect protein remote homology.
in past. Random forest is used in the This can be recognized as a big
medical field so that correct medicine achievement. Enhanced search accuracy is
components can easily be detected and achieved as the images are classified
medical history can easily be analyzed and which is completely based on the
frequency of disease can be determined recognition of the images. The algorithms
easily (Deldar et al., 2021). This helps to identify the images with higher accuracy.
provide better treatment. The stock The potential of students is identified
behaviours are also determined and better using this algorithm and then decisions are
decision related to the purchase can be made related to their placement by the
made easily. proper implementation of machine
 Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm: learning and data management.
the other common algorithm that is
DISCUSSION
preferable for all industries is SVM. As the
There exists a new road for data analytics and
name suggests the supervised machine
machine learning is representation learning. The
learning algorithm is applicable for
modelling tasks are categorized into unsupervised
classification as well as regression, the
learning and supervised learning. Under
classification of the unseen data is the
unsupervised learning, the descriptive models are
primary aim of this algorithm. The
used to identify the structure inside the input data
and then monitor the process of distribution. On
the contrary under supervised learning, the
regression and classification are done. The
functional mapping in the inputs well output is
made which has increased the accuracy rate of the
data. The quality of the crucial variables is very
important for the success of industrial processes.
This has also increased the value of fast rate
process variables. The domain-specific knowledge
is important so that model can be built and it is
very important to enhance the performance of the
model.
Supervised machine learning algorithms can apply
what has been learned in the past to new data
using tagged examples to predict future events.
Based on the analysis of the known set of training
data, the learning algorithm creates a deduced
function that makes it possible to predict the
output values. After sufficient training, the system
can set targets for each new entry. The learning
algorithm can also compare its output to the
correct expected results and find errors to modify
the model accordingly (Gupta et al., 2017).
In contrast, unsupervised machine learning
algorithms are used when the information used for
training is not classified or tagged. Unattended
learning explores how systems can infer a
function describing an underlying structure from
unmarked data. The system does not find valid
results, but examines the data and can draw
conclusions from datasets to describe hidden
structures from untagged data.
Semi-supervised machine learning algorithms lie
somewhere between supervised and unsupervised
learning because they use both tagged and
untagged data for training, usually a small amount
of tagged data and a large amount of untagged
data. Systems using this method can significantly
improve the accuracy of learning. Semi-
supervised learning is typically chosen when
captured tagged data requires skilled and
appropriate resources for training/learning.
Otherwise, raw data extraction generally requires
no additional resources.
Machine learning algorithms with reinforcement
are a learning method that interacts with the
environment by performing actions and
discovering mistakes or rewards. Trial and error
search and delayed reward are the most important
features of reinforcement learning. This method
enables computers and software agents to
automatically determine the ideal behaviour in a
specific context to maximize their performance
(de Toledo & Torrisi, 2019). Simple feedback on
rewards is required for the agent to know which
action is best; This is called the boost signal.
CONCLUSION
Thus, it can be concluded from the above research
report that machine learning is very important for
the effective growth of industries. The data plays a
crucial role in the development of different
decisions in the companies. The accuracy of data
is very important as all the decisions that are
predicted by the companies dependent on the data.
The different industries make use of the data and
implement machine learning so that they can
obtain enhanced decisions. But there exists no
common algorithm through which all companies
can work upon. There exist different areas in
which machine learning can be implemented. The
common algorithms which can be implemented
for effective growth are SVM and random forest training processes are also implemented for better
algorithms. The supervised and unsupervised growth.
algorithms are categorized so that relevant
decisions related to the industries are taken. The
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