Addictive Math Puzzles Grades 1 5 Ebook

Grades 1-5
The Critical Thinking Co.™

Empower the mind!
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Table of Contents
Mathematical Reasoning™ Level B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Grade 1
Math Analogies Level 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Grades 2-3
Balance Math™ & More! Level 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Grades 2-5
Balance Benders™ Beginning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Grades 2-6
Operation Magic Tricks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14

Grades 2-7
Mathematical Reasoning™ Level D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-17

Grade 3
Math Detective® Beginning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19

Grades 3-4
Pattern Explorer: Beginning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-23

Grades 3-4
Elementary Math Games. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-25

Grades 3-5
ii © 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

Crypto Mind Benders® Famous Quotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Grades 3-12+
Crypto Mind Benders® Classic Jokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Grades 3-12+
Math Analogies Level 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Grades 4-5
Dare To Compare Math Level 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-31

Grades 4-5
Copy Protected eBook

GRADES 4−10
08413BEP
CrossNumber Math Puzzles C1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Grades 4-6
Math Word Problems Book 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Grades 4-6
Balance Benders™ Level 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Grades 4-12+
Balance Math™ & More! Level 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-37

Grades 4-12+
Balance Math™ Teaches Algebra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Grades 4-12+
© 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 iii

Mathematical Reasoning™ Level F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-41
Grade 5
Math Detective® A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-43

Grades 5-6
Math Word Problems Book 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Grades 5-8
Algebra Magic Tricks Book 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Grades 5-12+
Algebra Magic Tricks Book 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-47

Grades 5-12+
ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
iv © 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

Gr. 1 Mathematical Reasoning™ Level B
Put an X over the thing in each set that does not belong,
then explain your answer.
lll 4 llll
lll 9
llll 5 13 llllllll
llll
llll
llll 11
12
16 15
llll llll
llll llll
llll llll
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/mathematical-reasoning-level-b.html.

© 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 1
THINKER DOODLES™*
1. Look at each dinosaur above, then find its unfinished picture

below. Use a pencil to draw in all the missing parts.
2. Circle the dinosaur on the bottom row with 4 upper teeth.

3. Use 2 colors to color the dinosaur on the bottom row with a small
black dot at the end of its tail.
4. Use 4 colors to color all the remaining dinosaurs on the bottom row.

2 © 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849
5 feet
________
4 feet
________
3 feet
________
2 feet
________
1 feet
________
0 feet
________
Use the clues and the measuring stick to find each person’s
name.
Bob is shorter than Kim. Dan has
curly hair and is taller than Lee.
Use your completed diagram to write in the answers below.
Bob is _________ feet tall.
Bob and _________ are shorter than Dan.
_________ is 1 foot taller than Dan.

NORTH
WEST EAST
SOUTH
Give the red car road directions from the green house to the
nearest house.
Go ____________ ___________ squares. Then go
(compass direction) (# of squares)
____________ ___________ squares. Then go

____________ ___________ squares. You are there.

Give the red car road directions from the green house to the
farthest house.
Go ____________ ___________ squares. Then go
____________ ___________ squares. Then go

____________ ___________ squares. You are there.


Gr. 2-3 Math Analogies Level 1
MAT
H

13)
: :: :
14)
: 25¢ :: :
15)
357 : 35 tens :: 246 :
16)
half : :: fourth :
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/math-analogies-level-1.html.

Gr. 2-5 Balance Math™ & More! Level 1
Use the balanced scales

Balance to find the missing numbers.
Math
Problem 1
8
= .....................
15
= .....................
?
? = .....................
Problem 2
30
= .....................
14
= .....................
?
? = .....................
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/balance-math-more-level-1.html.

XTaX c All rows, columns, and three
X
Tic X X
numeral diagonals must add up
to the same sum. Write the total
X XMath and then fill in the empty spaces.
Problem 1 Problem 2
2 1 3 6 7
2 1 5
8 3
Total: .....................
Total: .....................
Problem 3 Problem 4
4 5 5 1
6
5 6 7 2 3
Total: .....................
Total: .....................

Use the clues to find the

INSIDE - OUT missing values.
MA T H
Problem 1 Problem 2
a a+c a+d a a+c a+d
9 18 16 ........ ........ 16
b b+c b+d b b+c b+d
........ ........ 14 10 15 18
c d c d
........ ........ ........ ........
Problem 3 Problem 4
a a+c a+d a a+c a+d
........ 20 ........ ........ 23 24

b b+c b+d b b+c b+d
........ 16 13 ........ 22 ........

c d c d
10 ........ ........ 12
Gr. 2-6 Balance Benders™ Beginning
Balance
Benders™
Circle the three answers that will always be true.
a. =
b. =
c. =
d. =
e. =
f. =
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/balance-benders-beginning.html.

Gr. 2-7 Operation Magic Tricks

Operation Magic Tricks
(pp. 13–14)

Could more than 20 pennies be used in the trick?
The above property of nine was illustrated in the table on page 11.


For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/operation-magic-tricks-ebook.html.

Gr. 3 Mathematical Reasoning™ Level D
Llamas are very intelligent, and are also good pack

animals. They are often used to carry water and
supplies into the mountains where there are no roads.
It is a holiday and Jake is up early getting his pet llama,

Larry ready for their family camping trip. Larry must carry
all the water to their campsite.
Larry
One ring Add up the number of gallons to

equals find about how many gallons of
one gallon
water Larry will carry.
Write an addition number sentence

for the problem. ____ + ____ + ____ = _____
Complete and color the picture.
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/mathematical-reasoning-level-d.html.

Magic Trick 1,089!

Try this.
1. Pick 3 different digits from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.
8,1,5
2. Arrange them to make the largest possible number.
851
3. Arrange them to make the smallest possible number.
158
851
4. Subtract the smallest number from the - 158
largest number.
693
+ 396
5. Reverse the digits in the difference and add.
1,089
6. The sum is always 1,089. Try it with someone.
123456789
Pick 3 different digits from above. ____, ____, ____
Make the largest possible number. ___ ___ ___
Make the smallest possible number. - ___ ___ ___
Subtract. ___ ___ ___
Add the reversed digits. + ___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___

Smarty Pants Puzzles ™
The Friday Special!

Free candy bar with
every purchase over
$10!
Write whether each sentence is true, false, or unknown based on

the information on the sign.
1. Today is Friday and Rob left the store with a candy

bar and a bag of groceries so Rob had to spend over
$10 at the store.
2. If you buy $11 worth of candy on Friday, you can

choose your own candy bar?
3. If Tim buys $30 on Friday, the store must give him a

free candy bar.
4. Bonnie spent $25 at the store so she received a free

candy bar.
5. If Linda buys $10 on Friday, the store must give her a

free candy bar.

Gr. 3-4 Math Detective® Beginning
10—The Family Tree

1
All over the world, many families parents were called Mary and Tom.
keep records of their ancestors. 9
Emma’s mother and father were
2
Ancestors are family members called Sofía and Antonio. 10They
that came before your parents, died when Tammy was a little girl.
like your grandparents, great- 11
Andy’s parents are Angela and
grandparents, etc. 3Tammy asked Camilo. 12Angela’s mother was
Grandma Emma to help her named Ana. 13Angela’s father is
make a family tree. 4With her still alive and they call him Great
grandmother’s help, Tammy was Grampa Mario. 14Camilo’s mother
lucky enough to get the names of was Elena, and Camilo’s father was
three generations of her family. 5A named Peter.
generation is a set of people about third
generation
the same age. second
generation
back
6
Tammy’s parents are Teresa and back
Andy. 7Teresa’s mother and father first

generation
are called Emma and Joe. 8Joe’s back
Teresa
Questions
1. Finish Tammy’s family tree:
Tammy
Andy
2. Did Tammy get any help making her family tree,

and if so, from whom? Use a complete sentence to answer.
Write the numbers of the two sentences that give the best evidence for the
answer. ______, ______

Math Detective® Beginning
3. How many generations, not counting Tammy ’s generation, are shown

on the family tree? ______
4. Who died when Tammy was a little girl? _____________________

Write the numbers of the two sentences that give the best evidence for
the answer. _____, _____
5. Which of Tammy’s great-grandparents do you know for sure is still

living?
______________________

Write the number of the sentence that gives the best evidence for the
answer. ______
6. Who were Teresa’s grandparents on her father’s side?
________________________________________________________
7. Who is Ana’s and Mario’s grandchild? ______________________
8. Continue to fill out the chart below.

1 2 3 4 5
generations generations generations generations generations
back back back back back
Tammy’s Tammy’s Tammy’s Great

Tammy Parents Grandparents Grandparents etc. etc.
1 2 4
Describe the pattern, using a complete sentence.
9. Tammy found one picture of each of the people in the chart above,
starting with herself and going back five generations. How many
pictures did she find? ______ Show your work.
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/math-detective-beginning.html.

Gr. 3-4 Pattern Explorer: Beginning
2. Equality
2. 2. Equality
Equality Explorer
Explorer
Explorer 11 1
2. Equality
2. Equality
Explorer
Explorer
1 1
Each Each
2D shape
2D shape
represents
represents
a different
a different
wholewhole
number.
number.
Use the
Useequations
the equations
to findtotheir
find their
Each
Each 2D shape
Each
2D shape
2D represents
shape
represents aa different
represents
different
a whole
different
whole number.
whole
number. Use the
number.
Use the
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equations
the to find
findtotheir
equations
to their
find value.
their
value.value.
value.value.
1.
1.
1.
1. 18
18 18
18
2.
2.
2.
2. 19
19 19
19
7 24
24 24
7 7
7 20
20 20
20 24
15 1525
15 1525 25
3. 3. 4. 4.
3. 3. 4. 4.
25
7 11
11 11
7 7
7 19
19 19
19 11
10
10 10 24 24 29
29 29
5. 5. 6. 6.
5. 5. 10 24 246. 6.
29
9
9 9 34
9 34 34
34
20
20 20 13
20 13 13
13 28
28 28
28
3 3
3 3
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/pattern-explorer-beginning.html.
14. Number Ninja 3
14. Number Ninja 3
14. Number Ninja 3
The top circle’s number equals the product of the numbers 28
The topincircle’s number
the squares: 28equals theThe
= 4 x 7. product
bottomof circle’s
the numbers
number equals
The top circle’s
in the squares:
number
28the
equals
= 4numbers
the product
x 7. Theinbottom
of the numbers
circle’s11
number equals
28
4 7
in the squares: 28 = 4 x 7. The bottom circle’s number+ equals
the sum of the squares: = 4 7.
the sum of the numbers in the squares: 11 = 4 + 7.
the sum of the numbers in the squares: 11 = 4 + 7.
4 7
11
11
Fill in all missing numbers. When both squares are empty, put the larger of the two
Fill in all missing
missing
Fill in all missing numbers.
numbers
numbers. When
in the both
rightboth
When squares are
square.
squares are empty,
empty, put
put the
the larger of the
larger of the two
two missing
numbers in the right
missing numbers square.
in the right square.
1. 2. 3. 4.
42

1. 2. 3. 4.
5 9 3 10 42
6 8
5 9 3 10 6 8
10
10
5. 15 6. 40 7. 8.
12 8
5. 15 6. 40 7. 8.
12 8
8 13 7 6
8 13 7 6
9. 75 10. 11. 36 12.

60
9. 75 10. 11. 12.
25 7 36 60
25 7 15 12 19
15 12 19
13. 48 14. 49 15. 16.

63
13. 48 14. 49 15. 16.
63
3 9
14 14 3 9
17
14 14 17
17. 81 18. 48 19. 20.

100 14
17. 81 18. 48 19. 20.
100 14
18 16 25 15
18 16 25 15
17
17
16.Pattern
16. PatternPredictor
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16.
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Pattern
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The shapes below are made with toothpicks and gumdrops. For example, stage 2 has
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example,stage has
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stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4 stage 5

stage stage
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4. How many toothpicks and gumdrops are there at stage 6?

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4.4.How many toothpicks and gumdrops are there at stage 6?
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many toothpicksand
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• toothpicks: _____
• •toothpicks:
toothpicks: _____
_____
• gumdrops: _____
• gumdrops: _____
• •gumdrops:
gumdrops:_____
_____
5. Complete the table to show the number of toothpicks and gumdrops for stages 1
5.through
Complete
5.5.Complete the table to show number
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6. How many toothpicks and gumdrops are there at stage 12?

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6.6.How many toothpicks and gumdrops are there at stage 12?
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_____
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gumdrops:__________
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23 23
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How old
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Amanda is is 47.
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5a. Complete
the table.
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5a. Complete
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the table.
Sammy’s
Sammy’ssitups
table. 20 20
situps 20 32 32
45 45
57 57 70 70
Sammy’s
5a. Complete the situps
table. 32 45 57 70
Sammy’s pushups 55 532
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situps 17 17
30 30
45 42 42
57 88 88
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42 70 88
b. Sammy does 27
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many pushups does he do? How many situps does he do?
36
36 36
36 36
Gr. 3-5 Elementary Math Games
Game 4
CAN YOU MAKE…..?
Materials
• Pencil and paper
• Index cards
• Timer
• Overhead, whiteboard, or Smartboard (optional)

Learning Standards for Mathematics
• Fluency using the four operations
• Generate and analyze patterns
• Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers
• Interpret numerical expressions

– Overview –
Students use number sense, operational skills, and strategies to compute a target number from five
randomly chosen numbers. Operational fluency and precision is an asset in this activity.
– The Game –
Distribute six index cards to each student. Each student randomly picks five numbers from 1 to 25 (or from
any appropriate interval for the class level) and writes down each number on a separate card. The sixth
card is for keeping score. Choose any number from 1 to 50 (or from any interval that is appropriate for your
class level) and write it on the board. To involve the students in choosing the number, pick any student, ask
the number of the day of her/his birthday, and use that number.
Students have an allotted time (about 1 to 1.5 minutes) to use at least two numbers from their cards and
any operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) to help compute the number on the board.
A student must use at least two numbers from her/his cards to compute the number. The same number
may not be used twice in any one computation.
As soon as a student has an answer, they raise their hand. When the allotted time is up, students with
raised hands will be called on to explain their answers. A correct answer gains one point.
Students should have an index card on which to keep track of their score. This is a good time to use
tallying. As students accumulate their scores, explain that keeping score in groups of 5 is so much easier
when computing the final score. Look at the difference for a score of 12: |||||||||||| or |||| |||| ||.
Example:
The numbers on my cards are 5, 10, 11, 13, 7
The number on the board is 25.
Possible answer: 13 + 7 + 10 - 5 = 25
The amazing outcomes – Every number on the board will have at least one solution within the class!

Elementary Math Games
Questions for Further Discovery

1 Based on the interval chosen for the cards, for example 1 to 25, what is the highest target number you
could compute?
25 x 24 x 23 x 22 = 303,600.
2 If the number cards only have odd numbers, what computations must you do to get an even result?

Some suggestions might be:
Add an even amount of your odd numbers
Subtract two odd numbers.
3 If the number cards only have even numbers, is it possible to get an odd result?

Yes, if you use division.
Even + Even = Even
Even - Even = Even
Even x Even = Even
Even ÷ Even = odd or even depending on the numbers.
12 ÷ 6 = 2 12 ÷ 4 = 3
See "Teachable Moments" (page 133) for further study of odd and even numbers.
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/elementary-math-games.html.

Gr. 3-12+
Crypto Crypto
Mind Benders
®
Mind
: Famous Benders®: Famous Quotations
Quotations Activities
Activity 29
Use the clues and the chart to determine the value of each letter, solve the cryptogram,
and discover the famous quote.
e h s b
10% of 100 = b 10 e = ___
6% of 300 = e + b 8 h = ___
e – (s + 1) = h 5 s = ___
s<h 2 b = ___
c o u t
(11% of 400) – t = 32 12 c = ___
t÷o=u×3 7 o = ___
4 u = ___
1 t = ___
a w r n
r≠3 11 a = ___
n = 44 – 38 9 w = ___
r × w ≥ 27 6 r = ___
r × w < 28 3 n = ___
Cryptogram (Parentheses separate double digits; they have no other meaning.)

“(10)8 (12)58 75(11)6g8 y14 3(11)6(12) (12)1 288 i6
(12)58 319ld.”
M(11)5(11)(12)m(11) G(11)6d5i
“— — ——— ————g— y—— ———— ——
——— i— ——— — — — ld.”
M————m— G——d—i
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/crypto-mind-benders-famous-quotations.html.

Gr. 3-12+
Crypto Mind BendersCrypto
: ClassicMind
®
Jokes Benders®: Classic Jokes Activities
Activity 3
Use the clues and the chart to determine the value of each letter, solve the cryptogram,
and discover the classic joke.
f n s i
n–s=f 1 f =___
f<5 2 n =___
5 s =___
6 i =___
a t h r
a + t = 12 3 a =___
a + h = 19 4 t =___
9 h =___
10 r =___
p e c m
p=c+4 7 p =___
m=c+1 8 e =___
11 c =___
12 m = ___
Cryptogram (Parentheses separate double digits; they have no other meaning.)
W(10)93 25 9 14og’5 19vo423(12) 8u527? (10)2(11)

(10)o(11)!
W— — — —— — — — og’— — — vo — — — —
— u — — —? ——— — o —!
For© more puzzles

2011 The of thisCo.™
Critical Thinking type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/crypto-mind-benders-classic-jokes.html.
• www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 3
Gr. 4-5 Math Analogies Level 2
MAT
H

5)
LOST LOST LOST LOST
Dog Dog Dog Dog
LOST
Dog
LOST
Dog 4 ::
: pins :
LOST LOST LOST LOST
Dog Dog Dog Dog
6)
4,000,000
2,000,000 : 6,000,000 :: 4,000,000 :
8,000,000
7)
: 5 :: :
triangles
8)
dinner : leftovers :: payment :
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/math-analogies-level-2.html.

Gr. 4-5 Dare to Compare Math: Level 1
25. Who travels
25. Who the longest
travels distance?
the longest Who
distance? travels
Who the the
travels shortest distance?
shortest distance?
Tanya walks Kevin cycles Amanda runs

4 feet every 30 feet every 9 feet every
second for second for second for
60 seconds. 7 seconds. 25 seconds.
26. Joanne and Remy each build a wooden fence around their rectangular vegetable
26. Joanne and Remy each build a wooden fence around their rectangular vegetable garden.
garden.fence
Whose Whose fence
costs costs more?
more?
Joanne’s fence costs $7 per meter. Remy’s fence costs $5 per meter.
15 m 20 m
10 m 10 m
14 m 14 m
15 m
20 m
27. In the list below, each person’s heart beats at a constant rate. Whose heart will have
27. In
thethe list beats
most below,ineach person’s
1 minute? heartheart
Whose beatswill
at have
a constant rate. beats
the fewest Whose in heart will have the
1 minute?
most beats in 1 minute? Whose heart will have the fewest beats in 1 minute?
• Adam’s heart beats 25 times in 20 seconds.
• Adam’s heart beats 25 times in 20 seconds.
• Rachel’s heart beats 160 times in 120 seconds.

• Rachel’s heart beats 160 times in 120 seconds.
• Brett’s heart beats 18 times in 15 seconds.

• Brett’s heart beats 18 times in 15 seconds.
9
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/dare-to-compare-math-level-1.html.
37. Which
37. Which is a longer
is a longer amount
amount of time?
of time?
37. Which is a longer amount of time?
a. 450
a. 450 minutesor or 7 hours
minutes 7 hours b. 1,000b.seconds or 20 minutes
1,000 seconds or 20 minutes
a. 450 minutes or 7 hours b. 1,000 seconds or 20 minutes
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 1minute
hour ==60
60minutes
seconds
1 minute = 60 seconds
1
c. 190 minutes or 13 hours d. 4,000 seconds or 1 hour
c.c. 190 minutes or 3 1
3
hours
190 minutes or 33 hours d. 4,000d.seconds
4,000 seconds or 1 hour
or 1 hour
3
38. What is the price of a pencil? What is the price of a pen? What is the price of an
eraser?
38. What is the price of a pencil? What is the price of a pen? What is the price of an
38. What is the price of a pencil? What is the price of a pen? What is the price of an eraser?
eraser?
2 pencils and
3 pencils cost
3 pencils 60¢
cost 60¢ 1 pencil, 1 pen, and
1
2 pen cost
pencils 75¢ and
2 pencils
and
3 pencils cost 60¢ 1 eraser
pencil,1 cost $1.15
1pencil,
pen, and
1 pen, and
1 pen1cost
pen75¢
cost 75¢
1 eraser1 cost
eraser cost $1.15
$1.15
39. Which shaded region has the largest area? Which shaded region has the smallest
area?
39. Which shaded region has the largest area? Which shaded region has the smallest
area? shaded region has the largest area? Which shaded region has the smallest area?
39. Which
A B C D E
A D 12 m
B C 6m E 8m
8m 12 m
6m 8m
6m 8m
9m 12 m 8m
6m 7m
5m 9m 12 m 8m
5m 7m
13
13
103.
103.103.
WhoseWhose car more
car car
has has more
gasgasgasafter
left left after their
theirtheir trip?
trip?trip?
Whose has more left after
103.
103.Whose
Whosecar carhas
hasmore
moregas
gasleft
leftafter
aftertheir
theirtrip?
trip?
Flora’s car starts with 11 gallons Mason’s car starts with 14 gallons
Flora’s car
of gas and starts
she with
drives 11
150gallons
miles. Mason’s car he
starts with175
14 miles.
gallons
Flora’s car starts with 1111gallons ofMason’s
gas and
Mason’s car drives
carstarts with
with14
14gallons
of Flora’s
gas andcarshestarts
driveswith
150 gallons
miles. of gas and he starts
drives 175 gallons
miles.
ofofgas
gasand
andshe
shedrives
drives150
150miles.
miles. ofofgas and he drives 175 miles.
gas and he drives 175 miles.
Flora’s car travels 30 miles Mason’s car travels 25 miles

Flora’s car travels
for every gallon 30
of miles
gas. Mason’s car travels 25gas.
miles
Flora’s
Flora’s car travels 3030miles for every
Mason’s car gallon
travelsof
2525miles
for everycar travels
gallon of gas.miles Mason’s
for every gallon of gas.miles
car travels
forforevery gallon of gas. forforevery
every gallon of gas. everygallon
gallonofofgas.
gas.
104. Whose meal has more calories?

104.
104. 104.
Whose Whose meal
meal has has
moremore calories?
calories?
104.Whose
Whose meal
meal has
hasmore
morecalories?
calories? Nutrition Information
Nutrition Information
Jonah’s meal Camilla’s meal •Nutrition
4Nutrition
ounces of chicken
Information
• 8Jonah’s
ounces meal
of chicken • 6 Camilla’s
ounces ofmeal
chicken • 4has
ounces
200 ofInformation
chicken
calories
Jonah’s
Jonah’smeal
meal Camilla’s
Camilla’smeal
meal • 4• 4ounces
ounces of ofchicken
chicken
• 83ounces of chicken
rice • 6 ounces of chicken
rice has
• has
6has200
ouncescalories
of rice
• 8• 8ounces
ouncesofofchicken
chicken • 6• 6ounces
ouncesofofchicken
chicken 200 calories
200ofcalories
• •36ounces ofofrice • •65ounces
ouncesofofrice
beans • 6has
ounces rice
240 calories
3• 3ounces beans
rice 6 rice • 6• 6ounces
ounces ofofrice
rice
ounces
• 6 ounces of rice
of beans • 5•ounces
6 ounces of rice
of beans has
• has
2has240
ounces
240
calories
of beans
calories
• 6• 6ounces
ouncesofofbeans
beans • 5• 5ounces
ouncesofofbeans
beans 240ofcalories
• 2has
ounces beans
60 calories
• 2• 2ounces
ounces ofofbeans
beans
has 60 calories
has 60 calories
has 60 calories
105. Whose jar holds more water when full?

105. Whose jar holds more water when full?
105. 105.
105.Whose
Whose jarjarholds
jar holds
Whose holdsmore
more morewater
water whenwhen
water whenfull?
full? full?
Nora’s jar is 2/3 full, but if Robin’s jar is 3/4 full, but if
Nora’s
she jar is6 2/3
adds full, but itif Robin’s jar 5ismore
3/4 full, butit if
Nora’s
Nora’s jarjarismore
2/3
is 2/3 cups
full,
full,but
butif if she adds
Robin’s
Robin’s jarjarisis3/4
3/4cups
full, but
full, if
she adds
will be
she adds
6 more
completely
6 6more
cups
full.
cups
it she adds 5 more cups itbut if
willshe
be adds
completely cupsit it
morefull. will
she be
willshe
completely
adds
be adds
5 more full.
cups
5 morefull.
completely cups itit
will
willbebecompletely
completelyfull. full. will be completely full.
will be completely full.
35
35
3535
Gr. 4-6 CrossNumber™ Math Puzzles: Sums C1
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/crossnumber-math-puzzles-sums-c1-ebook.html.

Gr. 4-6 Math
Math Word Problems Book 1Word Problems Book 1 Whole Numbers
95. A dozen eggs will make four omelets.

a–c. How many eggs are needed to make
a. 8 omelets?
b. 1 omelet?
c. 9 omelets?
d–f. How many omelets can be made from

d. 2 dozen eggs?
e. 9 eggs?
f. 21 eggs?
96. A concrete pipe has an outside diameter of 20 inches. The pipe is 2 inches thick. What
is its inside diameter?
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/math-word-problems-book-1-ebook.html.

© 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849
33
Gr. 4-12+ Balance Benders™ Level 1 – Algebraic Reasoning
Balance
Benders™
Circle the three answers below that will always be true.
a. = d. =
b. = e. =
c. = f. =
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/balance-benders-level-1-ebook.html.

Gr. 4-12+ Balance Math™ & More! Level 2
XTaX c All rows, columns, and three
X
Tic X X
numeral diagonals must add up
to the same sum. Write the total
X Math
X and then fill in the empty spaces.
Problem 1 Problem 2
45 111 124
55 136
75 65 122
Total: .....................
Total: .....................
Problem 3 Problem 4
80 51 9 39
33
40 120 140
Total: .....................
Total: .....................

Use the clues to find the

INSIDE - OUT missing values.
MA T H
Problem 1 Problem 2
a a-c a-d a a-c a-d
b b-c b-d b b-c b-d
c d c d
Problem 3 Problem 4
a a-c a-d a a-c a-d
b b-c b-d b b-c b-d
c d c d

Use the balanced scales

Balance to find the missing numbers.
Math
52
40
Problem 1
? ? = .....................
10
Problem 2
? ? = .....................

Gr. 4-12+ Balance Math™ Teaches Algebra!
Write the answers in the box, then fill in the blanks in the proof.
Problem 1
x 50 x = ..................
? = ..................
From the 1st scale we know: x = 50.

Substitute ___ for x in: 2x = ? (2nd scale).
x x ? So 2(___) = 100 = ?
x x Problem 2
x =
x x 20 ? =
..................
..................
From the 1st scale we know: 4x = 20.

Divide both sides of this equation by 4
x x x ?
so x = ___. Substitute ___ for x in:
3x = ? (2nd scale). So ___(5) = 15 = ?
Problem 3
1
2 x +2 10 1
2x =
..................
? = ..................
From the 1st scale we know: 12 x + 2 = 10.

x ? Subtract ___ from both sides of this
equation so 12 x = ___. Substitute ___ for
each 12 x in: x = ? (2nd scale).
(Note: 1x is the same as x.)
So ___ + ___ = ___ = ?
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/balance-math-teaches-algebra.html.

Gr. 5 Mathematical Reasoning™ Level F
Happy Birthday
Joan’s tenth birthday is today.
Her friend Lupe was born on the
same day, but one year later.
Joan’s teacher Mrs. Bole led
the school in a happy birthday
song for Joan and Lupe. Lupe’s
teacher Miss Tels, told Lupe
that she was 78,840 hours old.
They both laughed when Lupe
told her she didn’t realize she
was that old.
Fill in the chart.
Measure of Time Joan Lupe
Years Old
Days Old (Years × 365)
Hours Old (Days × 24)
Minutes Old (Hours × 60)
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/mathematical-reasoning-level-f.html.

Use a pencil and eraser to find the objects in the

bottom row that will satisfy all of the clues. The
solution will have a triangle, a circle, and a square.
One of these triangles

is in the bottom
G B R row, and it is in the
same column.
One of these squares
B G R
is in the bottom
row, and it is in the
same column.
One of these circles
R B G
is in the bottom
row, and it is in the
same column.
Two of these figures
G G G
are in the bottom
row, but only one is
in the same column.
________ ________ ________

Smarty Pants Puzzles TM *
Zimmerman Mouthwash
This mouthwash is the best mouthwash you can buy!
It has natural ingredients to fight germs that
cause bad breath. Zimmerman mouth-
wash has been recommended by doctors
for severe cases of bad breath. After just
one capful of Zimmerman mouthwash, we
guarantee your breath will smell Zimmer-
man fresh—or the Zimmerman Company
will give you your money back!
Read the advertisement and accept what is written as true. Write

whether each sentence is true (T), false (F), or unknown (U) based
on the information.
_____ Zimmerman Mouth Wash works better than other types of

mouthwash you can buy.
_____ Zimmerman Mouthwash “is” recommended by doctors?
_____ If Zimmerman Mouthwash doesn’t cure your bad breath, the

ad says that the Zimmerman Company will give you your
money back.
_____ Zimmerman will kill germs that cause bad breath.
_____ The ad says that Zimmerman Mouthwash is made from all

natural ingredients.

Math Detective A1 Number & Numeration
Gr. 5-6
®
Math Detective® A1
1—The Train Ride

Mrs. Applecrumb, Mrs.
1
engineer then said, “If any of you
Winterbloom, Mr. Papas, Ms. Kamen, are seated in a seat that is a factor
Ms. Twinkle, and Mr. Lyons were in of 20, you will get a free engineer’s
the same train car. 2Mrs. Applecrumb cap. 12Now remember, my fellow
sat in seat 10. 3Mrs. Winterbloom sat riders, a factor is any number that
in seat 5 next to Mr. Papas, who sat goes into another number evenly or
in seat 6. 4Ms. Kamen always sat in without a remainder.” 13He explained,
the back on the last seat, seat 27, “Remember, the factors of 12 are
because she liked to stretch her legs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. 14Don’t get this
and grade her students’ papers. 5Ms. confused with the word m-u-l-t-i-p-l-e
Twinkle sat in seat 20 next to Mr. (he said this word very slowly). 15The
Lyons, who sat in seat 19. multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48,
The train engineer loved to
6 60, etc., etc.” 16Mr. Lyons became
play math games during the ride. very happy. 17He began to shout, “I
7
He said over the loud speaker, am seated on a seat that is a factor
“Does anyone know what a factor of 20.” 18This made Ms. Kamen very
is?” 8Mrs. Winterbloom, who was upset. 19She began to mumble to
not really listening, said, “This man herself and shake her head.
is silly. 9Of course, I know what a Then the engineer said, “By the
20
tractor is.” 10Mr. Papas laughed and way, any of you who are seated in a
explained to her that the word was seat that is a multiple of 1 will get a
“factor” not “tractor.” 11The train free ride next time.”
Questions
1. What are the factors of 20? _____________________

Give the number of the sentence that provides the best evidence for the answer.
_____
2. Of the people mentioned in the story, who will get a free engineer’s cap on this
ride? Use complete sentences to explain your thinking.

Math Detective®
Math Detective A1®A1 Number & Numeration
3. Is Mr. Lyons correct in thinking that he will be getting a free engineer’s cap on
this ride? Why or why not? Use complete sentences to explain your thinking.
4. Which of the following shows the first four multiples of 3?
a. 3, 6, 9, and 12
b. 3, 9, 12, and 18
c. 1, 3, 6, and 9
d. none of these
Give the number of the sentence that provides the best evidence for the answer.
_____
5. Of the people mentioned in the story, who is seated in a seat that is a multiple of 3?
6. Why is 1 a factor of every number? Use complete sentences to explain your

thinking.
7. Who will be getting a free ride next time they ride the train?
a. Ms. Kamen
b. Mr. Papas and Ms. Twinkle
c. Mrs. Applecrumb
d. all of them
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/math-detective-a1.html.


Gr. 5-8 Math Word Problems Book 2
Math Word Problems Book 2 Percents 1
56. You clip a coupon from the newspaper which offers you a $1 refund from the manufacturer
if you mail it to them with a label from their product. You buy the product for $3.23 plus
4% sales tax. You mail the coupon and label to the manufacturer at a cost of 15¢ for
the stamp and 1¢ for the envelope. The manufacturer sends you a check for $1.
a. How much did it cost you to send the coupon to the manufacturer?
b. How much profit did you make from sending the coupon to the manufacturer?
c. How much sales tax did you pay on the product?
d. How much (total) did you pay for the product at the store?
e. What percent of the total you paid was your profit?
f. How much did the product end up costing you?
g. What percent of the original sale price (including tax) was your actual cost of
the product?
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/math-word-problems-book-2-ebook.html.

© 1996 Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 73
Gr. 5-12+ Algebra Magic Tricks Book 1
Algebra Magic Tricks Book 1 Student Activity
These copyrighted pages are digitally coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/algebra-magic-tricks-book-1-ebook.html.

©58 © 2017 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-484945
2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849
Gr. 5-12+ Algebra Magic Tricks Book 2
These copyrighted pages are digitally coded with a unique buyer identifier. Distribution is prohibited.
© 2017
46 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 5
Algebra Magic Tricks Book 2
For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/algebra-magic-tricks-book-2-ebook.html.

6 47
Answers
Mathematical Reasoning™ Level B (pp. 1-4)
Problem 2: n
= 10, = 4, ? = 2
Page 1
lll 4; lll 9
llll
Explanation: Divide both sides on 1st balance in
; llll 5 ; 13 llllllll
llll ; thirds so n = 10. Substitute 10 for n in 2nd
llll
llll 11 ; ; balance so 10 + = 14. Remove 10 from both
sides so = 4. Divide in half so = 2.
12 ; ;
16 ; 15
llll llll
llll llll
llll llll Page 7
Page 2 ; Problem 1: Problem 2:
2 1 3 6 7 2
3 2 1 1 5 9
1 3 2 8 3 4

Total: 6 Total: 15
Coloring will vary.
Problem 3: Problem 4:
Page 3 Bob is 2 feet tall. Bob and Lee are 4 6 5 5 6 1
6 5 4 0 4 8
shorter than Dan. Kim is 1 foot
taller than Dan.
5 4 6 7 2 3
Page 4 north, 3; west, 2; south, 3; north, Total: 15 Total: 12
5; east, 3; south, 4
(do not count the space the car was Page 8
on.) Problem 1: b = 7 Problem 2: a=8
c = 9 c=5
d = 7 d=8
Math Analogies Level 1 (p. 5) b + c = 16 a + c = 13
13) Problem 3: a = 10 Problem 4: a = 12
b = 6 b = 11
14) 100¢

d = 7
a + d = 17
c = 11
b + d = 23
(any dollar value is acceptable)
15) 24 tens Balance Benders™ Beginning (p. 9)

Page 9: c, d, e
(4 is in the 10s place of 246, but there are 24 tens
in 246. Think of money and you c. Remove from both pans. (Tip 4)
have 24 dimes and
6 pennies.) d. Add to both pans and reverse. (Tips 3 and 1)
16) e. Divide = in half so = . (Tip 6)
(any object with a fourth shaded is acceptable Operation Magic Tricks (pp. 10-14)
Refer to the activity.
Balance Math™ & More! Level 1 (pp. 6-8)

Page 6 Mathematical Reasoning™ Level D
Problem 1: H = 8, t= 7, ? = 14 (pp. 15-17)
Explanation: Substitute 8 for H on 2nd Page 15
8 + 8 + 8 = 24 gallons
t= 15. Remove 8 from both sides so
balance so 8 +
t= 7. tt= 7 + 7 = 14.

12. The number of Continue the pattern to get the number of circles at stage 12:
stage 12 circles: stage 7 8 9 10 11 12
• total: 49 total number of circles 29 33 37 41 45 49
• unshaded: 24
• shaded: 25 number of unshaded circles 14 16 18 20 22 24
number of shaded circles 15 17 19 21 23 25
Page 16 Pattern Explorer Beginning (pp. 20-23)
Answers will vary. 2. Equality Explorer 1
Page 20
1. 9 13 2. 8 11 3. 6 12
5. Last 6. Last 2 times in sequence:
Page 17 9 +39times
= 18 in sequence: 8 + 11 = 19 6 + 6 = 12
13 + 7 = 20 8 + 8 + 8 = 24 12 + 7 = 19 12
1. unknown (He may have spent less than 7:16 pm 7:34 pm 7:52 pm 11 12 1 11 1
10 2 10 2
$10 but bought the candy bar.) 4. 5 3 5.

In sequence 5, the times increase by
2 7 18 9 6.
8 4
315 9
8
4
4
3 10
2. unknown (The sign did not say you 5

increase
+ 5 + 15 = 25 7
18 minutes. In sequence 6, the times+ 10 + 7 = 24
= 11 and 10 minutes.2 + 7 = 9
3 + 3by+25 hours
7 6 5 4 + 15 + 107= 6295
15 + 4 + 15 = 34
could pick your candy bar.) 18 + 2 = 20 9:30 am 15 + 13 11:40
= 28am
3. true 14.
Page Number
21 Ninja
3. Sequence 31
Sleuth
4. unknown (Did she spend the money on 1. 1a. 45 2. 1b.

30 3.
1c.
42 4.
1d.
16 5. 15
Friday?) 5 shape 79 shape 38 10 106
shape 7 14 2 shape 818
shape 3 5
5. false (The sign said “over” $10.) 14 13 13 10 8
6. 1 240 3 47. 5 126 7 8.8 9 8 10 119. 12 7513 14 10.

15 1656 17 18
5 8 3 4 2 4 3 25 7 8
2a. 13 2b. 7 2c. 6 2d. 28 15
Math Detective® Beginning (pp. 18-19) shape 17 15.
11. shape
36 9 12. shape
60 10 13. shape 13 14.
1. (Note: spouses can be given in reversed 6 6 4 15 6
48
8 7
49
7 3
63
21
order as long as each person remains 1
12
2 3 4 5
19
6 7 8 9
14
10 11 12
14
13 14 15 16
24
17 18
with the correct parent and/or child.) 16. 72 17. 81 18. 48 19. 100 20. 14
third
8 9 9 9 4 2 12 5 20 1 14
generation
second
back 17 18 16 25 15
generation
back
Sofia 15. Function Finder 3
first
generation
Emma 1. The output is 53. 2. The input is 74.
back Antonio Page 22 Predictor 4
16. Pattern
The output is 53 since 47 + 6 = 53. The input is 74 since 74 + 6 = 80.
Teresa 1. 2. Stage 5 has 11 toothpicks.
Mary 3a. 3b. 3c. 3d.
3. Stage 5 has 7 gumdrops.
3e. 3f.
Joe in out in out in out in out in out in out
3 15 4 12 14 5 12 3 5 22 2 12
Tom 9 21 74. Stage
21 6 has:
22 13 20 5 13 30 5 30
18 30 11 33 34 25 28 7 19 36 8 48
Tammy • 13 toothpicks
32 44 45
15• 8 gumdrops50 41 48 12 stage316 stage
48 7 10 60
Ana stage 5
37 49 20 60 67 58 60 15 46 63 stage
12 728
Angela 5.
88 100 30 90 93 84 88 22 76 93 16 96
stage 1 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8
Andy
Mario number of toothpicks 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
number of gumdrops 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Elena When you increase the stage number by 1, the number of toothpicks goes up by 2 and
Camilo the number of gumdrops goes up by 1. Continue the pattern to find stage 12.
Peter 6. Stage 12 has: stage 8 9 10 11 12

• 25 toothpicks
number of toothpicks 17 19 21 23 25
2. Yes, her grandmother Emma helped her. • 14 gumdrops number of gumdrops 10 11 12 13 14
Sentences 3 and 4 7. 8. Stage 4 has 18 triangles.

3. 3 Stage 4 has 3 branches of 4 triangles
4. Emma’s mother and father OR Sofia and each plus 6 triangles in the middle:
3 x 4 + 6 = 12 + 6 = 18.
Antonio, Sentences 9 and 10 9. Stage 5 has 21 triangles.
5. Great Grampa Mario, Sentence 13 stage 4 Stage 5 has 3 branches of 5 triangles

each plus 6 triangles in the middle:
6. Mary and Tom (See sentences 7 and 8.) 3 x 5 + 6 = 15 + 6 = 21.
stage 5
7. Andy 10. stage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8. 8, 16, 32, Each number is doubled from number of triangles 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
the one before. 11. Stage 8 has 30 triangles.

Continue the pattern to get the number of
triangles for stages 8 and 12.
9. 63, 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 63 stage 7 8 9 10 11 12
12. Stage 12 has 42 triangles. number of
27 30 33 36 39 42
triangles
1

++ –– –– ––
33
–– ++ –– ––
77 – – + –
––+–
Answers: l l==8;
Answers: 8;tt==3; 3;dd==7; 7; a = 12 Answers
Page 23 Finder 6
30. Function u, h must be 11 and u must bea4=or12 5 for the Answers:
If l is less than
If l is less than 9, but greater than4, 4,l lmust
mustbebe IfIfuuminu
minu
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the lstatement the only n
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Since t is less than d,
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be 7.
be 7.
–ff +i i –ee –ww
in 14 21 29 36 42 74 in 6 13 18 25 42 57
out 24 31 39 46 52 84 out 28 35 40 47 64 79 10
Page 22
Page
3a. Spencer’s age 5 11 23 35 44 66
Amanda is 8 years older than
Spencer: when Spencer is 5, –– –
– 9
11–– + –+ –+– pantsto
pants to
–– +–+ – +– –––
Amanda’s age 13 19 31 43 52 74 Amanda is 13, when Spencer is
in one!
11, Amanda is 19, and on.
– 8
99 in one!
3b. Amanda is 24. Amanda is 8 years older than Spencer: 8 + 16 = 24. +– –
– 6
11
11 –– – –– +–+
Answers: b = 6;44k +
+ –– –– ––8; d = 9
3c. Spencer is 39. Spencer is 8 years younger than Amanda: 47 – 8 = 39.
= 10; m =
4a. The cake’s selling price is If k is greater than b plus 3, k must be 10 and b
cost to make cake ($) 6 9 15 22 28 36
Answers: ff==4;
Answers: 4; i==9;9;ee==1; 1;ww==11 11
be 6 for thei equation
$5 more than the cost to
selling price of cake ($) 11 14 20 27 33 41 make the cake. must to be true. If b plus
If f is less than e plus 5, f must be either 1oror
2If equals
f is lessm, than e plus
m must be5,8fformust
thebe either 1to
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4 for the the statement to be true. If e plus 10
4b. The cake’s selling price is $30.
The cake’s selling price is $5 more than the
true. d isstatement
then 9. to be true. If e plus 10
$25 cost to make the cake: $5 + $25 = $30.
equalsw,
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mustbebe11and
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the Answers
Answers:
equation to be true. Therefore, f must be 4. i iisis IfIfttdoes
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The cost to make the cake is $5 less
4c. The cost to make the cake is $12. than the $17 selling price of cake: does
$17 – $5 = $12.
then9.
then 9.
5a. Crypto Mind Benders Classic Jokes® If c isisles
If c les
Sammy’s situps 20 32 45 57 70 103 Each day Sammy does 15 for the s
Sammy’s pushups 5 17 30 42 55 88
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Page 20:
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Sammy does 15 more situps than his 50 pushups: yy pp m
m aa
–– –– ++ ––
5c. Sammy does 65 situps.
50 + 15 = 65.
11

22
–– ++ –– ––
5 + – – –
Elementary Math Games 3 (pp. 24-25)
5
+–––
66 – – – +
Refer to the activity. –––+
Answers:yyy===5;
Answers:
Answers: 5;ppp===2;
5; 2;mm
2; m===1; 1;aaa===666
1; Answers
Answers:
Crypto Mind Benders® Famous Quotations If y does
If yy does
If does notnot equal
not equal
equal 6, 6, and
6, and y
and yy is is greaterthan
is greater
greater thanppp
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“There is no substitute for hard work”. with
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Therefore
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2
– + – – 10 – – – +
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–––+
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– – + – 12
12
–– ++ –– ––
Answers: s = 1; t = 2; a = 3; o = 12 Answers:ccc===4;
Answers:
Answers: 4;eee===12;
4; 12;ooo===3;
12; 3;ggg===10
3; 10
10
If a times 6 equals o plus a plus t plus s, a must IfIf g times g, plus c, equals 104,
If g times g, plus c, equals 104, g must be
g times g, plus c, equals 104, gg must
must be10
be 10
10 Answers
Answers:
be 3 for the equation® to solve. If t plus t equals and
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for the
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Crypto Mind Benders : Classic Jokes Solutions
s plus a, t must be 2 and s must be 1 for the eeeminus
minus cc equals
equals gg minus
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must
minus c equals g minus 2, e must be 12 for be
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– –+ –– –– + 7
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11
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7
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4
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38 11
+ – – – ©©2011
2011The
TheCritical
CriticalTh
T
Answers:
Answers: u = l4;=e8;=t 5; h=
= 3; d 11;
= 7;wa==712 Answers:u u==11;
Answers: 11;s s==7;7;t = t =9;9;l =l =8 8
If wIfisl less
is less than 9, but greaterthan
than 11, but greater than6,4,wl must be IfIfuuminus
minusssequalsequalsl ldivided
dividedby by2, 2,l lmust
mustbe be8,8,
must be 7.7 or
either If h8.minus w isaless
If l plus than
equals h minus
20, l must be 8 theonly
the onlynumber
numberdivisible
divisibleby by22that
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and a must be 12 for the equation to be true. wholenumber,
whole number,uumust mustbe be1111and
andssmust mustbe be7,7,
Since t is less than d, t must be 3, and d must forthe
for theequation
equationto tobe
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true.t is
t isthen
then9.9.
be 7.
50 f i e w © 2019 ThePage 21: Why
Critical Thinking Co.™ •did
www.CriticalThinking.com
the golfer take two • 800-458-4849
pairs of
1
––+– pants to the game? In case he got a hole
Math Analogies Level 2 (p. 28) Page 30
5) 16 pins 37. (a) 450 minutes (b) 20 minutes (c) 313
8,000,000 hours (d) 4,000 seconds
6) 12,000,000 (a) 1 hour = 60 minutes, so 7 hours = 7 x
16,000,000 60 = 420 minutes, which is less than 450
7) 13 triangles minutes.
8) change (b) 1 minute = 60 seconds, so 20 minutes
= 20 x 60 = 1,200 seconds, which is more
Dare to Compare Level 1 (pp. 29-31) than 1,000 seconds.
Page 29 (c) 31/3 hours = 3 x 60 + 60 ÷ 3 = 180 +
25. Tanya travels the longest distance. 20 = 200 minutes, which is more than 190
Kevin travels the shortest distance. minutes.
Tanya travels 240 feet, Kevin travels 210 (d) 1 hour = 60 minutes, which equals 60 x
feet, and Amanda travels 225 feet. 60 seconds = 3,600 seconds, which is less
• Tanya walks 4 feet every second for 60 than 4,000 seconds.
seconds, so her distance is 4 x 60 = 240
feet. 38. A pencil costs 20¢, a pen costs 35¢,and
• Kevin cycles 30 feet every second for 7 an eraser costs 60¢.
seconds, so his distance is 30 x 7 = 210 • Since 3 pencils costs 60¢, 1 pencil costs
feet. 60¢ ÷ 3 = 20¢.
• Amanda runs 9 feet every second for 25 • 2 pencils + 1 pen cost 75¢. Since 1 pencil
seconds, so her distance is 9 x 25 = 225 costs 20¢, 2 pencils cost 40¢. So 40¢
feet. + 1 pen cost 75¢, which means 1 pen
costs 35¢.
26. Joanne’s fence costs more. • 1 pencil + 1 pen + 1 eraser cost $1.15.
Joanne’s fence costs $350 and Remy’s So 20¢ + 35¢ + 1 eraser costs $1.15, or
fence costs $340. The perimeter of 55¢ + 1 eraser costs 115¢. This means 1
Joanne’s fence is 10 + 15 + 10 + 15 = 50 eraser costs 115¢ – 55¢ = 60¢.
meters. Since each meter of fence costs
$7, 50 meters of fencing costs 50 x $7 = 39. Shaded region D has the largest area.
$350. Shaded region C has the smallest area.
The shaded region has an area of 30 m²
The perimeter of Remy’s fence is 20 + 14 + for A, 28 m² for B, 27 m² for C, 36 m² for D,
20 + 14 = 68 meters. Since each meter of and 32 m² for E.
fence costs $5, 68 meters of fencing costs The area of a rectangle equals its length
68 x $5 = $340. times its width.
• For A, the shaded area = 6 m x 5 m = 30
27. Rachel’s heart has the most beats in m².
1 minute. Brett’s heart has the fewest • For B, the rectangle area = 8 m x 7 m
beats in 1 minute. = 56 m². The shaded area is half the
Adam’s heart beats 75 times in 1 minute, rectangle area, so the shaded area = 56
Rachel’s heart beats 80 times in 1 minute, ÷ 2 = 28 m².
and Brett’s heart beats 72 times in 1 • For C, the rectangle area = 6 m x 9 m
minute. = 54 m². The shaded area is half the
• There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. In 20 rectangle area, so the shaded area = 54
seconds, Adam’s heart beats 25 times. In ÷ 2 = 27 m².
3 x 20 = 60 seconds, Adam’s heart beats 3 • For D, the square area = 12 m x 12 m =
x 25 = 75 times. 144 m². The shaded area is one quarter
• In 120 seconds Rachel’s heart beats 160 of the square area, so the shaded area =
times. In 120 ÷ 2 = 60 seconds, Rachel’s 144 ÷ 4 = 36 m².
heart beats 160 ÷ 2 = 80 times. • For E, the square area = 8 m x 8 m = 64
m². The shaded area is two quarters,
or one half, of the square area, so the
shaded area = 64 ÷ 2 = 32 m².
Page 31 CrossNumber Math Puzzles: Sums C1
103. Mason has more gas left after the trip. (p. 32)
Flora’s car has 6 gallons left and
Mason’s car has 7 gallons left. Flora
uses 1 gallon of gas to drive 30 miles,
so she uses 5 gallons to drive 150 miles.
Flora starts with 11 gallons of gas, and
so ends up with 11 – 5 = 6 gallons.
Mason uses 1 gallon of gas to drive 25

miles, so he uses 175 ÷ 25 = 7 gallons
to drive 175 miles. Mason starts with 14
gallons of gas, and so ends up with 14 –
7 = 7 gallons.
Math Word Problems Book 1 (p. 33)
104. Jonah’s meal has more calories. 95. a. 2 dozen b. 3 c. 27 d. 8 e. 3 f. 7
Jonah’s meal has 700 calories and 96. 16 inches
Camilla’s meal has 690 calories.
Jonah’s meal: Balance Benders™ Level 1 (p. 34)
• 4 oz of chicken has 200 calories, so 8
oz of chicken has 400 calories. a. From 1st balance, substitute for on 2nd bal-
ance. (Tip 7) Rearrange. (Tip 2)
• 6 oz of rice has 240 calories, so 3 oz of
rice has 120 calories.
d. Remove from both pans in answer a, so =
• 2 oz of beans has 60 calories, so 6 oz . (Tip 4)
of beans has 180 calories.
Total calories = 400 + 120 + 180 = 700
e. Since = on 1st balance, adding them to each
Camilla’s meal: pan on 2nd balances is = .

• 4 oz of chicken has 200 calories, so 2 (Tip 3)
oz of chicken has 100 calories. This
means 6 oz of chicken = 4 oz + 2 oz of
chicken has 200 + 100 = 300 calories. Balance Math™ & More! Level 2 (pp. 35-37)
• 6 oz of rice has 240 calories.
• 2 oz of beans has 60 calories, so 1 oz Problem 1: Problem 2:
of beans has 30 calories. This means 5 45 35 85 111 134 124
oz of beans = 2 oz + 2 oz + 1 oz = 60 + 95 55 15 136 123 110
60 + 30 = 150 calories.
25 75 65 122 112 135
Total calories = 300 + 240 + 150 = 690 Total: 165 Total: 369
105. Robin’s jar holds more water when full. Problem 3: Problem 4:
Nora’s full jar holds 18 cups and Robin’s 60 80 160 51 9 39
full jar holds 20 cups. 1/3 of Nora’s jar is 200 100 0 21 33 45
empty, and that equals 6 cups. So 2/3 of 40 120 140 27 57 15
Nora’s jar equals 2 x 6 = 12 cups, and 3/3 Total: 300 Total: 99
of Nora’s jar (the full jar) equals 3 x 6 =
18 cups.
1/4 of Robin’s jar is empty, and that

equals 5 cups. So 2/4 of Robin’s jar
equals 2 x 5 = 10 cups, 3/4 of Robin’s
jar equals 3 x 5 = 15 cups, and 4/4 of
Robin’s jar (the full jar) = 4 x 5 = 20 cups.

Problem 1: b = 80 Problem 2: a = 750 Mathematical Reasoning™ Level F
c = 30 c = 160 (p. 39-41)
d = 50 d = 380
Page 39
a - d = 60 b - d = 430
Problem 3: a = 93 Problem 4: a = 167 Measure of Time Joan Lupe

b = 81 b = 214 Years Old 10 years 9 years
d = 36 c = 81
a - c = 66 b - d = 113 Days Old (Years x 365) 3,650 days 3,285 days
Hours Old (Days x 24) 87,600 hours 78,840 hours
1 Minutes Old (Hours x 60) 5,256,000 min. 4,730,400 min.

Problem 1: ? =
Explanation: Divide both sides on 1st balance in
fourth so = 13. Substitute 13 for on 2nd Page 40
n n = 40. Remove
balance so 13 + 13 + 13 + , ,
39 from both sides so n n = 1. Divide both sides G G G
in half so n = .
1
Page 41
1
Problem 2: ? = 1 Unknown. The ad states it is the best
Explanation: Divide both sides on 2nd balance in mouthwash, but what does that mean? Is it
the best because it is the least expensive, or
thirds so = l. Divide both sides on 1st balance because it has some natural ingredients, or
1 1
in fourths so = 2 . Substitute 2 for above because it is the best tasting, or because it
1
so 2 = l. Divide both sides in half so =1 .
1 works the best? We really don’t know what the
w
best means.
Unknown. We know that Zimmerman
Balance Math™ Teaches Algebra (p. 38) Mouthwash has been recommended by
1. From the 1st scale we know: x = 50. doctors, but that doesn’t mean that it is still
recommended by doctors.
Substitute 50 for x in: 2x = ? (2nd scale). So
2(50) = 100 = ? False: The ad states that if your breath doesn’t
2. From the 1st scale we know: 4x = 20. Divide smell Zimmerman Fresh it will refund your
both sides of this equation by 4 so x = 5. money, but the ad doesn’t say anything about
giving your money back if the mouthwash
Substitute 5 for x in: 3x = ? (2nd scale). So
doesn’t work.
3(5) = 15 = ?
3. From the 1st scale we know: 1/2 x + 2 = 10. Unknown. We know that Zimmerman
Subtract 2 from both sides of this equation Mouthwash will fight germs that cause bad
so 1/2 x = 8. breath, but we don’t know if it will kill the
germs. It could fight the germs, but lose to the
Substitute 8 for each 1/2x in: x = ? (2nd
germs.
scale). (Note: 1x is the same as x.) So 8 + 8
= 16 = ? False. The ad only states that Zimmerman
Mouthwash has natural ingredients. It must
have some, but it could only be a few natural
ingredients or mostly natural ingredients or all
natural ingredients.

Math Detective® A1 (pp. 42-43)
1. 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20. Sentence 12.
2. Mrs. Winterbloom, Mrs. Applecrumb, and
Ms. Twinkle. Their seat numbers are 5, 10,
and 20, which are factors of 20.
3. No. Mr. Lyons is in seat 19, and 19 is not
a factor of 20. (19 goes into 20 once with
remainder 1.)
4. a. Sentence 15.
5. Mr. Papas and Ms. Kamen. (Mr. Papas is in
seat 6 and Ms. Kamen is in seat 27. 6 and
27 are multiples of 3. 3 is a factor of both 6
and 27.)
6. One is a factor of every number because 1
goes into any number OR Every number is
divisible by 1.
7. d. (Everyone on the train should get a ride
because every number is a multiple of 1, or
1 is a factor of every number.)
Math Word Problems Book 2 (p. 44)

a. 16¢
b. 84¢
c. 13¢
d. $3.36
e. 25%
f. $2.52
g. 75%
Algebra Magic Tricks Book 1 (p. 45)

Algebra Magic Tricks Book 2 (p. 46)


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Grades 1-5

The Critical Thinking Co.™

Complete Each Math Analogy

© 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 i

Math Analogies Level 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Balance Math™ & More! Level 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Balance Benders™ Beginning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Operation Magic Tricks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14

Mathematical Reasoning™ Level D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-17

Math Detective® Beginning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19

Pattern Explorer: Beginning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-23

Elementary Math Games. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-25

ii © 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

Crypto Mind Benders® Classic Jokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Math Analogies Level 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Dare To Compare Math Level 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-31

Copy Protected eBook

CrossNumber Math Puzzles C1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Math Word Problems Book 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Balance Benders™ Level 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Balance Math™ & More! Level 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-37

Balance Math™ Teaches Algebra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

© 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 iii

Math Detective® A1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-43

Math Word Problems Book 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Algebra Magic Tricks Book 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Algebra Magic Tricks Book 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-47

iv © 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/mathematical-reasoning-level-b.html.

1. Look at each dinosaur above, then find its unfinished picture

2. Circle the dinosaur on the bottom row with 4 upper teeth.

For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/mathematical-reasoning-level-b.html.

Use your completed diagram to write in the answers below.

Bob is _________ feet tall.

Bob and _________ are shorter than Dan.

_________ is 1 foot taller than Dan.

For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/mathematical-reasoning-level-b.html.

____________ ___________ squares. Then go

____________ ___________ squares. You are there.

____________ ___________ squares. Then go

____________ ___________ squares. You are there.

For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/mathematical-reasoning-level-b.html.

Complete Each Math Analogy

357 : 35 tens :: 246 :

For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/math-analogies-level-1.html.

Use the balanced scales

For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/balance-math-more-level-1.html.

XTaX c All rows, columns, and three

X XMath and then fill in the empty spaces.

For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/balance-math-more-level-1.html.

Use the clues to find the

a a+c a+d a a+c a+d

........ ........ ........ ........

a a+c a+d a a+c a+d

........ 20 ........ ........ 23 24

........ 16 13 ........ 22 ........

Circle the three answers that will always be true.

For more puzzles of this type, go to www.criticalthinking.com/balance-benders-beginning.html.

10 © 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

© 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 11

Could more than 20 pennies be used in the trick?

12 © 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849

© 2019 The Critical Thinking Co.™ • www.CriticalThinking.com • 800-458-4849 13

__ _ squares. Then go

__ _ squares. You are there.

__ _ squares. Then go

__ _ squares. You are there.

Make the largest possible number. _ _ ___

Make the smallest possible number. - _ _ ___

Subtract. _ _ ___

Add the reversed digits. + _ _ ___

_ _ _ _