B.H.

GARDI COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
 TOPICS TO DISCUSS
 Introduction
 Types
 Working Principal
How Do They Work?
 Components
 Advantages
Disadvantages
Application
 Introduction
Pump

 When a fluid has to be "moved" in a system, pumps are used. The pump is a
machine which has the function of increasing the total energy of a liquid; this
means that the pump transfers energy to the fluid that it receives from the
driving motor”.

Need Of a Pump:

 Used to pump a liquid from lower pressure area to a High pressure area.

 To increase Flow rate.

 To move liquid from lower elevation to higher elevation.

 TYPES

Dynamic Displacement
Pump Pumps

Centrifugal Reciprocating RotaryPumps

Pump Axial

Piston Diaphragm Gear Lobe Screw

Radial Mixed

Vertical Horizontal
 Working Principal
 Works on the principle of centrifugal force. This is the force that
pushes the liquid away from the centre(in tangential direction).

 Converting Prime Mover energy into Mechanical energy through

shaft .

 Converting Mechanical energy into fluid energy impeller.

 Converting kinetic Energy into pressure energy through the volute

casing.
 How do they work?
• Liquid forced into impeller
• Vanes pass kinetic
energy to liquid: liquid
rotates and leaves
impeller
• Volute casing converts
kinetic energy into
pressure energy

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 Components
A centrifugal pump has the following main components.
1. Impeller
2. Casing
3. Shaft
4. Seal
5. Bearing
6. Coupling
 Centrifugal Pumps - Impeller
Centrifugal pumps use
impeller as the primary
source for their pumping
action. Its function is to
increase the pressure of
the liquid.
 Centrifugal Pumps - Casing
The casing contains the
liquid and acts as a
pressure containment
vessel that directs the flow
of liquid in and out of the
centrifugal pump.
 Centrifugal Pumps - Shaft
The main function of the
shaft in a centrifugal pump
is to transmit the input
power from the driver into
the impeller.
 Centrifugal Pumps - Seal
Centrifugal pump can be
provided with packing rings
or mechanical seal which
helps prevent the leakage
of the pumped liquid into
the atmosphere.
 Centrifugal Pumps - Bearing
The function of the bearing
is to support the weight of
the shaft (rotor) assembly,
to carry the hydraulic loads
acting on the shaft, and to
keep the pump shaft
aligned to the shaft of the
driver.
 Centrifugal Pumps –Coupling
The function of couplings
are to connect the pump
shaft and the driver shaft,
and to transmit the input
power from the driver into
the pump.
 ADVANTAGES
 As there is no drive seal so there is no leakage in pump.

 It can pump hazardous liquids

 There are very less frictional losses

 There in almost no noise

 Pump has almost have 100 efficiency

 Centrifugal pump have minimum wear with respect to others

 Centrifugal pump use magnetic coupling which breakup on high

load eliminating the risk of damaging the motor
 DISADVANTAGES
 Because of the magnetic resistance there is some energy losses

 Unexpected heavy load may cause the coupling to slip

 ferrous particles in liquid are problematic when you are using magnetic drive
This is because particle collect at impeller and cause the stoppage of pump
after some time
 APPLICATIONS
 Agricultural and Irrigation purpose.

 In petroleum installation to pump oil.

 Hydraulic control system.

 Transfer raw material.

 Pumping of water in buldings.

 Fire fighting.