Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2.1 Motivation
Motivation can give people direction and goal to get what they want to do. In the
future, they might not achieve it, but they are still motivated. Success and fail, it is
always in the first word but it depends from their action to achieve a goal, identity,
It is also, something that pushes people forward in a direction they want to go.
Meanwhile, Chamorro et. al (2008) stated motivation is integrated at one point that
are actions, effects, minded. It is the result of inactive process that cannot be tested in
direct observation. Motivation refers to the behavior (Lai, 2011) as cited in Guay et al.,
2010, p.712) Moreover, Gredler et.al (2004) broadly define motivation as the character
student trying to understand their hopes, interested, curious, desire, and dreams to
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1. The human perspective
The social perspective is a perspective that rises when someone has the same
motive with other people, which are included establishing, keeping, restoring
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a warm and close relationship. It means students need to gather and desire to
play, talk, and connect in relationship with peers, parents, and teacher.
There are two types of motivation such as intrinsic (internal) and extrinsic
(external) motivation.
1) Intrinsic Motivation
it is the joy and satisfaction gained from doing something. Moreover, according
to (Ryan and Deci, 2000, pp. 56) as cited in (Oudeyer, Kaplan, & Libration,
activity is not only for external rewards except the activity itself. It means that
intrinsic motivation involves the internal motivation to do something for its own
of flow. Flow represents the sensation of preoccupation in the joyful actions. For
an artist, flow is the place while creating some memorable with acting; for
mathematician, while solving the math problem. At any rate, whenever it occurs,
students will misplace their time. They will focus on the task without letting any
disruptions keep them away from what they are doing (Brophy, 2004)
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2) Extrinsic Motivation
reward and avoid a punishment. Meanwhile, a motivation that comes out from
Extrinsic Motivation is the one motivation that is not chosen by their interest.
reward, tangible (e.g, money grades, privileges, etc.) or intangible (e.g., praise).
This motivation give negative impact to the students because students do not
study to get knowledge but they are struggling by interest in their rewards or the
However, if the rewards are taken away from their own hand they will get low
(Deci, Ryan, et.al, 1991) defined there are four types of extrinsic motivation
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Fig. 1 A Taxonomy Of Human Motivation
a. External regulation.
confrontation and punishment, offers of reward and praise from the teacher.
b. Introjected regulation
but in this case, students' have put this external pleasure into themselves.
Example for this case someone learns English diligently just not to be
ashamed to their friend. Although it looks like their own desire, but they
activities because it involves coercion or seduction and does not entail true
choice.
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c. Identified regulation
themselves and accepted it as their part in the process to get the benefit for
their future. They will do the activity more willingly for personal reasons
d. Integrated regulation
sense. They hope with this sense the can get the result by they accepted in
identity, individual values, needs, well job. (Ryan and Deci, 2000)
2012), The successful or good learner does not only identify from a students that
studied language easier but from understanding and the process of learning from
the students. The successful learners have a several areas or typical characteristic
2. Ego-involvement. the students has manage their self in making positive self-
image
3. Need for achievement. The students must be success in what has they plan
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5. Goal orientation. The learner is very aware of the goals of learning or
specific learning activities, and directs his or her efforts towards achieving
them.
2.2 Translation
to TL (Target language).
one TL (Target Language) to SL (source Language) and vice versa as the key of
communication problem. Both of speakers and listeners, writers and readers needs
translation as their way to understand the process and methods of the meaning of
The translation process is the points for the translator to going to move,
starting from reading the SL text words and understanding them to looking for their
diction, grammatical structure, and cultural context of the source text. Thus,
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