‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr.

Hyde’
Robert Louis Stevenson

Contents:
1. Context
2. Key themes and language
3. Summary Overview
4. Chapter One – Part One
5. Chapter One – Part Two
6. Chapter Two – Part One
7. Chapter Two – Part Two
8. How is Mr. Hyde introduced?
9. Chapter Two – Part Three
10. Chapter Three
11. Chapter Four – Part One
12. Chapter Four – Part Two
13. Crime
14. Chapter Five – Part One
15. Chapter Five – Part Two
16. Chapter Six
17. Chapter Seven

1
 1. Context
Recap:
1. When did Gothic fiction become popular?
2. What does ‘duality’ mean?
3. What Gothic texts or authors do you remember?
Extension: what Gothic features do you remember?

1 ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ is a Gothic novella (short novel) by Robert Louis
2Stevenson. First published in 1886, it tells the story of a scientific experiment which goes horribly
3wrong. In attempting to split his personality, Dr. Jekyll creates an alter-ego, Mr. Hyde, who does
4terrible things and becomes more and more out of control as the novella goes on. Over time, critics
5have wondered whether Mr. Hyde might be symbolic of a number of things.
6
7 Reputation
8 In Victorian society in the nineteenth century, reputation was extremely important. People were
9expected to keep to a certain moral code and value system. Throughout the novel, Jekyll aims to
10preserve his reputation just as Hyde destroys his. The acceptable behaviour of Victorians could mask
11hidden moral corruption. Victorians loved reading about shocking behaviour, and a genre of
12literature called the ‘shilling shocker’ became very popular.
13
14 Science
15 The nineteenth century saw rapid scientific developments. In 1859, Charles Dawin published ‘On
16the Origin of the Species,’ which introduced the idea of evolution for the first time. His work was
17threatening to religion, because Christians believed that God made all human beings, and the idea
18that humans had evolved from primitive animals was frightening to them as it challenged their
19entire world view. In the novella, another scientist called Dr. Lanyon represents science as
20something which is rational and explainable, while Dr. Jekyll’s science is seen as morally
21unacceptable.
22
23 Duality
24 At the centre of the novel we have one man split in two: Dr. Jekyll is also Mr. Hyde, though it
25takes the characters some time to work this out. In many ways, the novella explores the idea that all
26humans are essentially dual in nature: we all have good and evil within us, and often suppress one
27side or the other. The narrator of the novella, Utterson, tries throughout the novella to explain the
28mystery of Hyde, attempting to find a logical explanation. Yet his thirst for logic denies him
29realization of the truth.
30
31 The concept of duality is also present in science. The psychologist Sigmund Freud had begun to
32explore the theory of consciousness: the id, the ego and the superego. The ego is the man; the
33superego the way he wishes to be seen by the world. The id is the hidden desires of man; man’s
34subconscious, innermost feelings.
35
36 The Victorians were keenly aware of religious duality: in the Bible, Lucifer, God’s brightest and
37most loved angel, begins a war against him and is cast down to hell to rule there as the Devil or
38Satan. Victorian Christians recognized that all humans have both good and evil inside them, and they
39had to make the decision to choose the good. In the novella, Jekyll refers to the soul as a
40battleground between the angelic and fiendish sides of humans.
41
42 Crime
43 With London’s expanding population and the amount of people experiencing grueling poverty on
44the rise, crime exploded. Previously, people had lived in close-knit communities where everyone

2
 1knew each other’s name. Now, though living physically close together, London provided a new
2anonymity.
3
4 Between August and November 1888,the impoverished Whitechapel area of London was the
5scene of five brutal murders. The killer was dubbed ‘Jack the Ripper’. All the women murdered were
6prostitutes, and all except for one were horribly mutilated.
7
8 There has been much speculation as to the identity of the killer. It has been suggested that he or
9she was a doctor or butcher, based on the evidence of weapons and the mutilations that occurred,
10which showed a knowledge of human anatomy. Jack the Ripper was never caught and he is not
11thought to have killed again after November 1888. For Victorians, the possibility of a highly educated
12murderer spoke to their fears of the dual nature of man: both good and evil.
13
14 Gothic
15 Early Gothic novels focused on the supernatural and were often based in foreign countries and in
16ancient settings like castles. But in the nineteenth century, Gothic authors turned their attention
17closer to home and began to write novels set in familiar locations. ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ is set in London.
18
19 Nineteenth century England experienced rapid change. Along with scientific discovery, there were
20more and more factories which changed the face of London and other major cities. London’s
21population expanded from one to five million between 1800 and 1900 as part of the Industrial
22Revolution. People were unsettled by the new way of city life: the over-crowding, the way rich and
23poor lived side by side, the pollution and the crime, and ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ explores some of
24Victorians’ deepest anxieties about their capital city.
25
26 Many Gothic novels around the time of ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ explore the idea of an alter-ego:
27published in 1818, ‘Frankenstein,’ by Mary Shelley, tells of a scientist creates a gruesome creature
28who comes to represent all his greatest fears, and in Oscar Wilde’s 1890 ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray,’
29a man’s portrait begins to symbolise the deterioration of his soul. In 1824, James Hogg wrote ‘The
30Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner,’ which tells the story of a man pursued by his
31own double self.

Questions:
Answer in full sentences. You do not need to use quotations. Use all your own words.
1. What is the story of ‘Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’?
2. Explain the importance of reputation for Victorians.
3. How was scientific discovery seen by many Victorians?
4. What does ‘duality’ mean, and how is it relevant in ‘Jekyll and Hyde’?
5. In what ways does ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ relate to other Gothic literature at the time?
Extension: Why did Stevenson choose to set his novella in London?

Finish the sentence three times in your book:

1. Victorian London was unsettling because…
2. Victorian London was unsettling, so…
3. Victorian London was unsettling, but…

3
 2. Key themes and language in ‘Jekyll and Hyde’
Recap:
1. Who wrote ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’?
2. When was ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ written?
3. What era was ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ written in?
Extension: What do you remember about that era?

1 Duality
2 The entire novella of ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ is based on the central concept of duality: that both good
3and evil can co-exist, in the same universe and even in the same person. Victorians struggled to
4preserve their good reputation, denying any base impulses and repressing any darker urges. Yet
5they feared the existence of evil, and were troubled by the possibility of their own duality. Literature
6often explores our hidden fears and desires, and the Gothic especially does this by using duality or
7doubling. Doubling is where the two seemingly opposite things seem to contain each other. We see
8this in ‘Frankenstein,’ for example, when the scientist and his creature often use the same words or
9express the same ideas; many people often mistake the name ‘Frankenstein’ for being that of the
10creature, when it is, in fact, the name of his creator (the creature has no name).
11
12 Scientific discovery
13 Victorians were proud of the scientific progress they were making: empirical science was explored
14and was progressing faster than ever before. But they also feared the possibilities that might
15emerge. Today, we still often find debate around scientific advances. Today’s scientists are able to
16detect the gender of an unborn baby and abort that child: would it be right to do so? In Victorian
17times, science was not controlled by the same legal structures as it is now. People may have feared
18that scientists could have power beyond even their own control, and that would destabilise society
19as it was known.
20
21 Narrator
22 This novella is told from the perspective of a narrator, named Utterson, but in the third person.
23He tells the story as someone who observes it, and is only slightly involved with its events.
24
25 Multiple viewpoints
26 The story is not only told in the traditional way by a third person narrator. It is also told in letters
27from other people, and scientific reports. This makes it feel more realistic, as if this really did
28happen. Gothic writers often use multiple voices and multiple viewpoints to make it more
29ambiguous whether they are telling a story or the reality.
30
31 Timeline
32 The novella is not entirely chronological, which is why we will read through a summary of each
33chapter. Stevenson reveals information in a jumbled order, meaning we have to piece it together as
34readers, just as he does himself.
35
36 Names and meaning
37 The two names seem to have a double meaning. The two syllables of Jekyll's name (Je and kyll)
38perhaps mean ‘I kill’ ( Je is the French for I). In the last chapter, Jekyll describes how he tried to get
39rid of (kill) the Hyde in him. Hyde spelled as ‘hide’ suggests something hidden from view, or the
40rough skin of an animal. Jekyll is in some way trying to kill the hidden Hyde and his animal nature.

4
Tasks:
1. Write ten bullet points summarising the key themes and structure of the novella. Do not use
full sentences. Use all your own words.
2. Write your summary up as a paragraph. Use all your own words.

5
 3. Summary overview of the novella
Recap:
1. Which theme refers to having two sides?
2. How did the Victorians feel about science?
3. Who wrote ‘On the Origin of Species’ in 1859?
4. Sigmund Freud divided man’s subconscious into three parts. What were they?
Extension: What changes did Victorians have to cope with?

1 Chapter One: Story of the door

2 Mr. Utterson walks with his close friend Mr. Enfield. Walking past a neglected building on a
3prosperous street, Enfield tells a story of walking in the neighbourhood when he saw a shrunken,
4hideous man named Hyde trample a young girl. The man was caught and made to pay £100, which
5he got from inside this very building. The cheque bore the name of a very respectable man, but was
6not forged. Enfield thinks the respectable man was being blackmailed.
7
8 Chapter Two: Search for Mr Hyde
9 That night, Mr. Utterson is worried by Enfield’s story. A lawyer, he finds the will he has made for
10his friend Dr. Jekyll, which leaves all his possessions to Mr. Hyde. He goes to Dr. Lanyon, an old friend
11of Jekyll’s, who says he hasn’t seen Jekyll for ten years. He goes to Jekyll’s house and sees Hyde
12leaving it. He asks the servants if Jekyll is in. They reply he has gone out, and they have instructions
13to obey Hyde. Utterson worries Hyde will kill Jekyll to benefit from the will.
14
15 Chapter Three: Dr Jekyll was quite at ease
16 Jekyll throws a dinner party, and Utterson speaks with him afterwards privately about the will.
17Jekyll jokes about it, but seems concerned by Utterson’s story of Hyde. Jekyll says the situation with
18Hyde is exceptional. He makes Utterson promise to carry out the will.
19
20 Chapter Four: The Carew Murder Case
21 A year later, a maid witnesses Mr. Hyde murder Sir Danvers Carew, a popular member of
22parliament, in the street. Utterson accompanies the police to Hyde’s rooms in a poor part of town.
23The police find the murder weapon and a cheque book, and they wait for him to go to the bank to
24catch him. Yet he does not turn up. In trying to find Hyde, the police note he has no family, no
25friends, and no one who has seen him can give an accurate description.
26
27 Chapter Five: Incident of the Letter
28 Utterson finds Jekyll in his laboratory looking deathly ill. Jekyll claims Hyde has left and their
29relationship has ended, assuring Utterson the police will never find him. He shows Utterson a letter
30from Hyde saying he has a means of escape. Utterson asks if Hyde dictated the terms of Jekyll’s will,
31and Jekyll says he did. Utterson takes Hyde’s letter. On the way out, Utterson asks the butler to
32describe the man who delivered it, and the butler says no letters have been delivered. Utterson asks
33his friend, Mr. Guest, to examine the handwriting of both letters. Guest, a handwriting expert, says
34Jekyll and Hyde’s writing are by the same hand – Hyde’s script is simply leaning in the opposite
35direction, perhaps to hide its true author. Utterson is astonished Jekyll would forge a letter for a
36murderer.
37
38 Chapter Six: Remarkable Incident of Dr. Lanyon
39 Hyde hasn’t been seen for months and Jekyll appears happier than ever. Suddenly, he becomes
40depressed and will not see Utterson. Utterson visits Dr. Lanyon to discuss Jekyll, but finds him dying
41in bed. Lanyon dies and leaves a letter for Utterson to be opened when Jekyll dies, or disappears.
42Jekyll shuts himself away and refuses to see anyone.
43

6
 1 Chapter Seven: Incident at the Window
2 Utterson and Enfield take a walk the following Sunday. Passing the door Enfield once saw Hyde
3enter to fetch a cheque, Enfield says London will never see Mr. Hyde again. Enfield says he has
4learned that the run-down laboratory they pass is connected to Jekyll’s house. Passing it, they see
5Jekyll at the window. He complains of feeling ‘low,’ and says he cannot join them. He suddenly looks
6terrified and quickly shuts the window and vanishes.
7
8 Chapter Eight: The last night
9 Jekyll’s servant comes to Utterson’s house and asks him to go to Jekyll’s laboratory. On arrival, the
10door is locked and they hear Hyde’s voice. The voice is asking for a chemical. The servant says he has
11tried to bring the chemical but it has been rejected for not being pure enough. They break the door
12down and find a shrunken figure in Jekyll’s clothes dead on the floor. The will now names Utterson
13as inheriting everything of Jekyll’s, with Hyde’s name crossed out. There is also a package containing
14Jekyll’s confession.
15
16 Chapter Nine: Dr Lanyon’s Narrative
17 Now Jekyll has disappeared, Utterson reads Lanyon’s letter. It details how Jekyll used to ask
18Lanyon to fetch certain chemicals for him. One night, a small shrunken man appeared to take the
19chemicals. He drank them and transformed into Dr. Jekyll in front of his eyes. Dr. Lanyon became ill
20from the horror.
21
22 Chapter Ten: Henry Jekyll’s full statement of the case
23 Jekyll tells the story of how he turned into Hyde. It began as scientific curiosity in the duality of
24human nature (or the good and evil), and his attempt to destroy the ‘darker self’. Eventually,
25however, he became addicted to the character of Hyde, who increasingly took over and destroyed
26him.

Tasks:
1. Write one bullet point summarising each chapter. Use all your own words.
2. Write your summary of the plot as a paragraph. Use all your own words

7
 Chapter One: Story of the Door (part one)
Recap:
1. What is Mr. Utterson’s job?
2. What does Dr. Jekyll do for work?
3. Who wrote ‘On the Origin of the Species’ in 1859?
4. Who first divided human consciousness into the ego, superego and id?
Extension: What are some of the key themes in this novella?
1 Mr. Utterson the lawyer was a man of a rugged countenance that was never lighted by a smile;
2cold, scanty and embarrassed in discourse; backward in sentiment; lean, long, dusty, dreary and yet
3somehow lovable. At friendly meetings, and when the wine was to his taste, something eminently
4human beaconed from his eye; something indeed which never found its way into his talk, but which
5spoke not only in these silent symbols of the after-dinner face, but more often and loudly in the acts
6of his life. He was austere with himself; drank gin when he was alone, to mortify a taste for vintages;
7and though he enjoyed the theatre, had not crossed the doors of one for twenty years. But he had
8an approved tolerance for others; sometimes wondering, almost with envy, at the high pressure of
9spirits involved in their misdeeds; and in any extremity inclined to help rather than to reprove. “I
10incline to Cain’s heresy,” he used to say quaintly: “I let my brother go to the devil in his own way.” In
11this character, it was frequently his fortune to be the last reputable acquaintance and the last good
12influence in the lives of downgoing men. And to such as these, so long as they came about his
13chambers, he never marked a shade of change in his demeanour.
14 No doubt the feat was easy to Mr. Utterson; for he was undemonstrative at the best, and even
15his friendship seemed to be founded in a similar catholicity of good-nature. It is the mark of a
16modest man to accept his friendly circle ready-made from the hands of opportunity; and that was
17the lawyer’s way. His friends were those of his own blood or those whom he had known the longest;
18his affections, like ivy, were the growth of time, they implied no aptness in the object. Hence, no
19doubt the bond that united him to Mr. Richard Enfield, his distant kinsman, the well-known man
20about town. It was a nut to crack for many, what these two could see in each other, or what subject
21they could find in common. It was reported by those who encountered them in their Sunday walks,
22that they said nothing, looked singularly dull and would hail with obvious relief the appearance of a
23friend. For all that, the two men put the greatest store by these excursions, counted them the chief
24jewel of each week, and not only set aside occasions of pleasure, but even resisted the calls of
25business, that they might enjoy them uninterrupted.
26 It chanced on one of these rambles that their way led them down a by-street in a busy quarter of
27London. The street was small and what is called quiet, but it drove a thriving trade on the weekdays.
28The inhabitants were all doing well, it seemed and all emulously hoping to do better still, and laying
29out the surplus of their grains in coquetry; so that the shop fronts stood along that thoroughfare
30with an air of invitation, like rows of smiling saleswomen. Even on Sunday, when it veiled its more
31florid charms and lay comparatively empty of passage, the street shone out in contrast to its dingy
32neighbourhood, like a fire in a forest; and with its freshly painted shutters, well-polished brasses,
33and general cleanliness and gaiety of note, instantly caught and pleased the eye of the passenger.
34 Two doors from one corner, on the left hand going east the line was broken by the entry of a
35court; and just at that point a certain sinister block of building thrust forward its gable on the street.
36It was two storeys high; showed no window, nothing but a door on the lower storey and a blind
37forehead of discoloured wall on the upper; and bore in every feature, the marks of prolonged and
38sordid negligence. The door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and
39distained. Tramps slouched into the recess and struck matches on the panels; children kept shop
40upon the steps; the schoolboy had tried his knife on the mouldings; and for close on a generation, no
41one had appeared to drive away these random visitors or to repair their ravages.
42 Mr. Enfield and the lawyer were on the other side of the by-street; but when they came abreast
43of the entry, the former lifted up his cane and pointed.
44 “Did you ever remark that door?” he asked; and when his companion had replied in the
45affirmative. “It is connected in my mind,” added he, “with a very odd story.”

8
 1 “Indeed?” said Mr. Utterson, with a slight change of voice, “and what was that?”
2 “Well, it was this way,” returned Mr. Enfield: “I was coming home from some place at the end of
3the world, about three o’clock of a black winter morning, and my way lay through a part of town
4where there was literally nothing to be seen but lamps. Street after street and all the folks asleep—
5street after street, all lighted up as if for a procession and all as empty as a church—till at last I got
6into that state of mind when a man listens and listens and begins to long for the sight of a
7policeman. All at once, I saw two figures: one a little man who was stumping along eastward at a
8good walk, and the other a girl of maybe eight or ten who was running as hard as she was able down
9a cross street. Well, sir, the two ran into one another naturally enough at the corner; and then came
10the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her
11screaming on the ground. It sounds nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasn’t like a man; it
12was like some damned Juggernaut. I gave a few halloa, took to my heels, collared my gentleman,
13and brought him back to where there was already quite a group about the screaming child. He was
14perfectly cool and made no resistance, but gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat
15on me like running. The people who had turned out were the girl’s own family; and pretty soon, the
16doctor, for whom she had been sent put in his appearance. Well, the child was not much the worse,
17more frightened, according to the Sawbones; and there you might have supposed would be an end
18to it. But there was one curious circumstance. I had taken a loathing to my gentleman at first sight.
19So had the child’s family, which was only natural. But the doctor’s case was what struck me. He was
20the usual cut and dry apothecary, of no particular age and colour, with a strong Edinburgh accent
21and about as emotional as a bagpipe. Well, sir, he was like the rest of us; every time he looked at my
22prisoner, I saw that Sawbones turn sick and white with desire to kill him. I knew what was in his
23mind, just as he knew what was in mine; and killing being out of the question, we did the next best.
24We told the man we could and would make such a scandal out of this as should make his name stink
25from one end of London to the other. If he had any friends or any credit, we undertook that he
26should lose them. And all the time, as we were pitching it in red hot, we were keeping the women
27off him as best we could for they were as wild as harpies. I never saw a circle of such hateful faces;
28and there was the man in the middle, with a kind of black sneering coolness—frightened too, I could
29see that—but carrying it off, sir, really like Satan. `If you choose to make capital out of this accident,’
30said he, `I am naturally helpless. No gentleman but wishes to avoid a scene,’ says he. `Name your
31figure.’ Well, we screwed him up to a hundred pounds for the child’s family; he would have clearly
32liked to stick out; but there was something about the lot of us that meant mischief, and at last he
33struck. The next thing was to get the money; and where do you think he carried us but to that place
34with the door?—whipped out a key, went in, and presently came back with the matter of ten pounds
35in gold and a cheque for the balance on Coutts’s, drawn payable to bearer and signed with a name
36that I can’t mention, though it’s one of the points of my story, but it was a name at least very well
37known and often printed. The figure was stiff; but the signature was good for more than that if it was
38only genuine. I took the liberty of pointing out to my gentleman that the whole business looked
39apocryphal, and that a man does not, in real life, walk into a cellar door at four in the morning and
40come out with another man’s cheque for close upon a hundred pounds. But he was quite easy and
41sneering. `Set your mind at rest,’ says he, `I will stay with you till the banks open and cash the
42cheque myself.’ So we all set off, the doctor, and the child’s father, and our friend and myself, and
43passed the rest of the night in my chambers; and next day, when we had breakfasted, went in a
44body to the bank. I gave in the cheque myself, and said I had every reason to believe it was a forgery.
45Not a bit of it. The cheque was genuine.”

Questions:
1. Look that the first paragraph. What kind of man is Mr. Utterson? Use quotations.
2. How does Stevenson contrast the street with the house in the first page, lines 26-41?
3. Summarise the story Enfield tells in lines 2-45 of the second page.
Extension: Enfield describes the man who tramples the girl as ‘really like Satan.’ How else is he described,
and what impression does this create?

9
 Chapter One: Story of the Door (part 2)
Recap:
1. When was ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ first written?
2. Who wrote ‘On the Origin of the Species’?
3. Who invented the idea of the ego, superego and id?
Extension: What do these three terms mean?

1 “Tut-tut,” said Mr. Utterson.

2 “I see you feel as I do,” said Mr. Enfield. “Yes, it’s a bad story. For my man was a fellow that
3nobody could have to do with, a really damnable man; and the person that drew the cheque is the
4very pink of the proprieties, celebrated too, and (what makes it worse) one of your fellows who do
5what they call good. Black mail I suppose; an honest man paying through the nose for some of the
6capers of his youth. Black Mail House is what I call the place with the door, in consequence. Though
7even that, you know, is far from explaining all,” he added, and with the words fell into a vein of
8musing.
9 From this he was recalled by Mr. Utterson asking rather suddenly: “And you don’t know if the
10drawer of the cheque lives there?”
11 “A likely place, isn’t it?” returned Mr. Enfield. “But I happen to have noticed his address; he lives
12in some square or other.”
13 “And you never asked about the—place with the door?” said Mr. Utterson.
14 “No, sir: I had a delicacy,” was the reply. “I feel very strongly about putting questions; it partakes
15too much of the style of the day of judgement. You start a question, and it’s like starting a stone. You
16sit quietly on the top of a hill; and away the stone goes, starting others; and presently some bland
17old bird (the last you would have thought of) is knocked on the head in his own back garden and the
18family have to change their name. No sir, I make it a rule of mine: the more it looks like Queer
19Street, the less I ask.”
20 “A very good rule, too,” said the lawyer.
21 “But I have studied the place for myself,” continued Mr. Enfield. “It seems scarcely a house. There
22is no other door, and nobody goes in or out of that one but, once in a great while, the gentleman of
23my adventure. There are three windows looking on the court on the first floor; none below; the
24windows are always shut but they’re clean. And then there is a chimney which is generally smoking;
25so somebody must live there. And yet it’s not so sure; for the buildings are so packed together about
26the court, that it’s hard to say where one ends and another begins.”
27 The pair walked on again for a while in silence; and then “Enfield,” said Mr. Utterson, “that’s a
28good rule of yours.”
29 “Yes, I think it is,” returned Enfield.
30 “But for all that,” continued the lawyer, “there’s one point I want to ask: I want to ask the name
31of that man who walked over the child.”
32 “Well,” said Mr. Enfield, “I can’t see what harm it would do. It was a man of the name of Hyde.”
33 “Hm,” said Mr. Utterson. “What sort of a man is he to see?”
34 “He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong with his appearance; something
35displeasing, something down-right detestable. I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know
36why. He must be deformed somewhere; he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldn’t
37specify the point. He’s an extraordinary looking man, and yet I really can name nothing out of the
38way. No, sir; I can make no hand of it; I can’t describe him. And it’s not want of memory; for I declare
39I can see him this moment.”
40 Mr. Utterson again walked some way in silence and obviously under a weight of consideration.
41“You are sure he used a key?” he inquired at last.
42 “My dear sir...” began Enfield, surprised out of himself.

10
 1 “Yes, I know,” said Utterson; “I know it must seem strange. The fact is, if I do not ask you the
2name of the other party, it is because I know it already. You see, Richard, your tale has gone home. If
3you have been inexact in any point you had better correct it.”
4 “I think you might have warned me,” returned the other with a touch of sullenness. “But I have
5been pedantically exact, as you call it. The fellow had a key; and what’s more, he has it still. I saw
6him use it not a week ago.”
7 Mr. Utterson sighed deeply but said never a word; and the young man presently resumed. “Here
8is another lesson to say nothing,” said he. “I am ashamed of my long tongue. Let us make a bargain
9never to refer to this again.”
10 “With all my heart,” said the lawyer. “I shake hands on that, Richard.”

i) Questions:
1. How does Enfield explain the appearance of a man of good reputation’s name on the
cheque?
2. How is Hyde described in lines 34-39 of the first page, and what does this suggest?
3. Go back to the first page of Chapter One, and write five to ten bullet points summarising
what happens in Chapter One.
4. Now, write up your bullet points as a summary of Chapter One.
5. Using all four pages of Chapter One, finish the sentence three ways in your book:
a. Hyde is shown as mysterious, because…
b. Hyde is shown as mysterious, so…
c. Hyde is shown as mysterious, but…

11 ii) Character study: Chapter One focus.

12 In Chapter One, we are introduced to three characters: Mr. Utterson, Mr. Enfield and Mr. Hyde.
13We’re going to think more carefully about how each character is introduced, and what we learn
14about them.
15
16 1. Mr. Utterson
17 Find three quotations that best depict Mr. Utterson and write them in your book.
18 When your teacher directs you, think about what we learn from each quotation about him.
19
20 2. Mr. Enfield
21 Find three quotations that best depict Mr. Enfield and write them in your book.
22 When your teacher directs you, think about what we learn from each quotation about him.
23
24 3. Mr. Hyde
25 Find three quotations that best depict Mr. Hyde and write them in your book.
26 When your teacher directs you, think about what we learn from each quotation about him.
27
28 Task: Write three paragraphs detailing what the reader learns about Mr. Utterson, Mr. Enfield
29and Mr. Hyde in Chapter One.
30
31 We learn that Mr. Utterson is… For example, when Stevenson writes: ‘….’ This shows that…
32Furthermore, we also learn that Utterson is ‘…’ This means…
33
34

11
 Chapter Two: Search for Mr. Hyde (part one)
Recap:
1. Whose perspective is this story told from?
2. What kind of book is ‘Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’?
3. What did increased anonymity and an increase population lead to?
4. What era is this book set in?
Extension: Why does that era have that name?

1 That evening Mr. Utterson came home to his bachelor house in sombre spirits and sat down to
2dinner without relish. It was his custom of a Sunday, when this meal was over, to sit close by the fire,
3a volume of some dry divinity on his reading desk, until the clock of the neighbouring church rang
4out the hour of twelve, when he would go soberly and gratefully to bed. On this night however, as
5soon as the cloth was taken away, he took up a candle and went into his business room. There he
6opened his safe, took from the most private part of it a document endorsed on the envelope as Dr.
7Jekyll’s Will and sat down with a clouded brow to study its contents. The will was holograph, for Mr.
8Utterson though he took charge of it now that it was made, had refused to lend the least assistance
9in the making of it; it provided not only that, in case of the decease of Henry Jekyll, M.D., D.C.L.,
10L.L.D., F.R.S., etc., all his possessions were to pass into the hands of his “friend and benefactor
11Edward Hyde,” but that in case of Dr. Jekyll’s “disappearance or unexplained absence for any period
12exceeding three calendar months,” the said Edward Hyde should step into the said Henry Jekyll’s
13shoes without further delay and free from any burthen or obligation beyond the payment of a few
14small sums to the members of the doctor’s household. This document had long been the lawyer’s
15eyesore. It offended him both as a lawyer and as a lover of the sane and customary sides of life, to
16whom the fanciful was the immodest. And hitherto it was his ignorance of Mr. Hyde that had
17swelled his indignation; now, by a sudden turn, it was his knowledge. It was already bad enough
18when the name was but a name of which he could learn no more. It was worse when it began to be
19clothed upon with detestable attributes; and out of the shifting, insubstantial mists that had so long
20baffled his eye, there leaped up the sudden, definite presentment of a fiend.
21 “I thought it was madness,” he said, as he replaced the obnoxious paper in the safe, “and now I
22begin to fear it is disgrace.”
23 With that he blew out his candle, put on a greatcoat, and set forth in the direction of Cavendish
24Square, that citadel of medicine, where his friend, the great Dr. Lanyon, had his house and received
25his crowding patients. “If anyone knows, it will be Lanyon,” he had thought.
26 The solemn butler knew and welcomed him; he was subjected to no stage of delay, but ushered
27direct from the door to the dining-room where Dr. Lanyon sat alone over his wine. This was a hearty,
28healthy, dapper, red-faced gentleman, with a shock of hair prematurely white, and a boisterous and
29decided manner. At sight of Mr. Utterson, he sprang up from his chair and welcomed him with both
30hands. The geniality, as was the way of the man, was somewhat theatrical to the eye; but it reposed
31on genuine feeling. For these two were old friends, old mates both at school and college, both
32thorough respectors of themselves and of each other, and what does not always follow, men who
33thoroughly enjoyed each other’s company.
34 After a little rambling talk, the lawyer led up to the subject which so disagreeably preoccupied his
35mind.
36 “I suppose, Lanyon,” said he, “you and I must be the two oldest friends that Henry Jekyll has?”
37 “I wish the friends were younger,” chuckled Dr. Lanyon. “But I suppose we are. And what of that?
38I see little of him now.”
39 “Indeed?” said Utterson. “I thought you had a bond of common interest.”
40 “We had,” was the reply. “But it is more than ten years since Henry Jekyll became too fanciful for
41me. He began to go wrong, wrong in mind; and though of course I continue to take an interest in him
42for old sake’s sake, as they say, I see and I have seen devilish little of the man. Such unscientific

12
 1balderdash,” added the doctor, flushing suddenly purple, “would have estranged Damon and
2Pythias.”
3 This little spirit of temper was somewhat of a relief to Mr. Utterson. “They have only differed on
4some point of science,” he thought; and being a man of no scientific passions (except in the matter
5of conveyancing), he even added: “It is nothing worse than that!” He gave his friend a few seconds
6to recover his composure, and then approached the question he had come to put. “Did you ever
7come across a protege of his—one Hyde?” he asked.
8 “Hyde?” repeated Lanyon. “No. Never heard of him. Since my time.”
9 That was the amount of information that the lawyer carried back with him to the great, dark bed
10on which he tossed to and fro, until the small hours of the morning began to grow large. It was a
11night of little ease to his toiling mind, toiling in mere darkness and beseiged by questions.

i) Questions:
1. Why does Utterson dislike Jekyll’s will?
2. How have Utterson’s reasons for disliking Jekyll’s will changed?
3. How and why have Lanyon and Jekyll drifted apart as friends?
Extension: How does Stevenson build up mystery and suspense in the opening two chapters of
the novella?

12 ii) Build-up of mystery

13 Early Gothic texts, like Horace Walpole’s ‘The Castle of Otranto,’ relied on the supernatural to
14create mystery. They tended to be set in foreign or ancient settings. ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and
15Mr. Hyde’ is very different: it is set in contemporary London, and takes middle-class, respectable
16gentlemen (a lawyer and a scientist) as its main protagonists.
17
18 1) Why does Stevenson use a contemporary setting and middle class protagonists?
19 Answer in your books.
20
21 Because of this difference, Stevenson has to use other means to build up mystery and suspense in
22his novella.
23 Consider the following, writing notes in your book:
24  How many unanswered questions are there so far?
25  How many unusual sightings are there?
26  How are the crimes reported and explained?
27  Who is behaving in a suspicious way?
28  What are they doing that is suspicious?
29
30 2) How does Stevenson build up mystery in the opening two chapters of ‘Strange Case of Dr.
31Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’?

13
 Chapter Two: Search for Mr. Hyde (part two)
Recap:
1. What is Utterson’s job?
2. What has Utterson made for Jekyll?
3. Who is named in it?
4. What factors led to an increase in crime in nineteenth century London?
Extension: when was this novella written? When is this novella set?

1 Six o’clock struck on the bells of the church that was so conveniently near to Mr. Utterson’s
2dwelling, and still he was digging at the problem. Hitherto it had touched him on the intellectual
3side alone; but now his imagination also was engaged, or rather enslaved; and as he lay and tossed
4in the gross darkness of the night and the curtained room, Mr. Enfield’s tale went by before his mind
5in a scroll of lighted pictures. He would be aware of the great field of lamps of a nocturnal city; then
6of the figure of a man walking swiftly; then of a child running from the doctor’s; and then these met,
7and that human Juggernaut trod the child down and passed on regardless of her screams. Or else he
8would see a room in a rich house, where his friend lay asleep, dreaming and smiling at his dreams;
9and then the door of that room would be opened, the curtains of the bed plucked apart, the sleeper
10recalled, and lo! there would stand by his side a figure to whom power was given, and even at that
11dead hour, he must rise and do its bidding. The figure in these two phases haunted the lawyer all
12night; and if at any time he dozed over, it was but to see it glide more stealthily through sleeping
13houses, or move the more swiftly and still the more swiftly, even to dizziness, through wider
14labyrinths of lamplighted city, and at every street corner crush a child and leave her screaming. And
15still the figure had no face by which he might know it; even in his dreams, it had no face, or one that
16baffled him and melted before his eyes; and thus it was that there sprang up and grew apace in the
17lawyer’s mind a singularly strong, almost an inordinate, curiosity to behold the features of the real
18Mr. Hyde. If he could but once set eyes on him, he thought the mystery would lighten and perhaps
19roll altogether away, as was the habit of mysterious things when well examined. He might see a
20reason for his friend’s strange preference or bondage (call it which you please) and even for the
21startling clause of the will. At least it would be a face worth seeing: the face of a man who was
22without bowels of mercy: a face which had but to show itself to raise up, in the mind of the
23unimpressionable Enfield, a spirit of enduring hatred.
24 From that time forward, Mr. Utterson began to haunt the door in the by-street of shops. In the
25morning before office hours, at noon when business was plenty, and time scarce, at night under the
26face of the fogged city moon, by all lights and at all hours of solitude or concourse, the lawyer was
27to be found on his chosen post.
28 “If he be Mr. Hyde,” he had thought, “I shall be Mr. Seek.”
29 And at last his patience was rewarded. It was a fine dry night; frost in the air; the streets as clean
30as a ballroom floor; the lamps, unshaken by any wind, drawing a regular pattern of light and shadow.
31By ten o’clock, when the shops were closed the by-street was very solitary and, in spite of the low
32growl of London from all round, very silent. Small sounds carried far; domestic sounds out of the
33houses were clearly audible on either side of the roadway; and the rumour of the approach of any
34passenger preceded him by a long time. Mr. Utterson had been some minutes at his post, when he
35was aware of an odd light footstep drawing near. In the course of his nightly patrols, he had long
36grown accustomed to the quaint effect with which the footfalls of a single person, while he is still a
37great way off, suddenly spring out distinct from the vast hum and clatter of the city. Yet his attention
38had never before been so sharply and decisively arrested; and it was with a strong, superstitious
39prevision of success that he withdrew into the entry of the court.
40 The steps drew swiftly nearer, and swelled out suddenly louder as they turned the end of the
41street. The lawyer, looking forth from the entry, could soon see what manner of man he had to deal
42with. He was small and very plainly dressed and the look of him, even at that distance, went

14
 1somehow strongly against the watcher’s inclination. But he made straight for the door, crossing the
2roadway to save time; and as he came, he drew a key from his pocket like one approaching home.
3 Mr. Utterson stepped out and touched him on the shoulder as he passed. “Mr. Hyde, I think?”
4 Mr. Hyde shrank back with a hissing intake of the breath. But his fear was only momentary; and
5though he did not look the lawyer in the face, he answered coolly enough: “That is my name. What
6do you want?”
7 “I see you are going in,” returned the lawyer. “I am an old friend of Dr. Jekyll’s—Mr. Utterson of
8Gaunt Street—you must have heard of my name; and meeting you so conveniently, I thought you
9might admit me.”
10 “You will not find Dr. Jekyll; he is from home,” replied Mr. Hyde, blowing in the key. And then
11suddenly, but still without looking up, “How did you know me?” he asked.
12 “On your side,” said Mr. Utterson “will you do me a favour?”
13 “With pleasure,” replied the other. “What shall it be?”
14 “Will you let me see your face?” asked the lawyer.
15 Mr. Hyde appeared to hesitate, and then, as if upon some sudden reflection, fronted about with
16an air of defiance; and the pair stared at each other pretty fixedly for a few seconds. “Now I shall
17know you again,” said Mr. Utterson. “It may be useful.”
18 “Yes,” returned Mr. Hyde, “It is as well we have met; and apropos, you should have my address.”
19And he gave a number of a street in Soho.
20 “Good God!” thought Mr. Utterson, “can he, too, have been thinking of the will?” But he kept his
21feelings to himself and only grunted in acknowledgment of the address.
22 “And now,” said the other, “how did you know me?”
23 “By description,” was the reply.
24 “Whose description?”
25 “We have common friends,” said Mr. Utterson.
26 “Common friends,” echoed Mr. Hyde, a little hoarsely. “Who are they?”
27 “Jekyll, for instance,” said the lawyer.
28 “He never told you,” cried Mr. Hyde, with a flush of anger. “I did not think you would have lied.”
29 “Come,” said Mr. Utterson, “that is not fitting language.”
30 The other snarled aloud into a savage laugh; and the next moment, with extraordinary quickness,
31he had unlocked the door and disappeared into the house.

Questions:
1. What prevents Utterson from sleeping at the start of this part of Chapter 2?
2. What does Utterson wish for in the first page of this extract, lines 16-23, and why?
3. What is Hyde and Utterson’s first meeting like?
Extension: Look at the second page of this extract, lines 3-31. In your book, write down
quotations which reveal Hyde to the reader.
Super-extension: Annotate the quotations, considering what the words suggest about his
character.

15
 How is Mr. Hyde introduced to the reader?
Recap:
1. Which murderer operated in 1888 in Whitechapel?
2. Who did he murder?
3. What was his profession (job) thought to be?
4. Who reigned from 1837-1901?
5. What was this era called?

1 ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ is the novel you will answer questions on in your English Literature GCSE exam.
2You will always be given an extract, which you will then answer a question using. When we know the
3novel better, you will be expected to use examples, and even quotations, from other parts of the
4book. For today, we’ll have a go at answering an exam-style question, just using the extract.
5
6 Task one: Read the extract all the way through with your teacher.
7
8 Extract from Chapter Two: Search for Mr. Hyde
9
10 Mr. Utterson stepped out and touched him on the shoulder as he passed. “Mr. Hyde, I think?”
11 Mr. Hyde shrank back with a hissing intake of the breath. But his fear was only momentary; and
12though he did not look the lawyer in the face, he answered coolly enough: “That is my name. What
13do you want?”
14 “I see you are going in,” returned the lawyer. “I am an old friend of Dr. Jekyll’s—Mr. Utterson of
15Gaunt Street—you must have heard of my name; and meeting you so conveniently, I thought you
16might admit me.”
17 “You will not find Dr. Jekyll; he is from home,” replied Mr. Hyde, blowing in the key. And then
18suddenly, but still without looking up, “How did you know me?” he asked.
19 “On your side,” said Mr. Utterson “will you do me a favour?”
20 “With pleasure,” replied the other. “What shall it be?”
21 “Will you let me see your face?” asked the lawyer.
22 Mr. Hyde appeared to hesitate, and then, as if upon some sudden reflection, fronted about with
23an air of defiance; and the pair stared at each other pretty fixedly for a few seconds. “Now I shall
24know you again,” said Mr. Utterson. “It may be useful.”
25 “Yes,” returned Mr. Hyde, “It is as well we have met; and apropos, you should have my address.”
26And he gave a number of a street in Soho.
27 “Good God!” thought Mr. Utterson, “can he, too, have been thinking of the will?” But he kept his
28feelings to himself and only grunted in acknowledgment of the address.
29 “And now,” said the other, “how did you know me?”
30 “By description,” was the reply.
31 “Whose description?”
32 “We have common friends,” said Mr. Utterson.
33 “Common friends,” echoed Mr. Hyde, a little hoarsely. “Who are they?”
34 “Jekyll, for instance,” said the lawyer.
35 “He never told you,” cried Mr. Hyde, with a flush of anger. “I did not think you would have lied.”
36 “Come,” said Mr. Utterson, “that is not fitting language.”
37 The other snarled aloud into a savage laugh; and the next moment, with extraordinary quickness,
38he had unlocked the door and disappeared into the house.
39

16
 1 The question you will answer is: How is Hyde depicted in this first extract?
2
3 Task two: Read the extract again, and underline four quotations you would use to answer this
4question.
5
6 Task three: annotate your chosen quotations, considering:
7  Themes they relate to
8  Ideas they relate to
9  Techniques that are used
10  Striking words that are used
11
12 Task four: Topic sentence practise
13 For each quotation, write down your topic sentence in your book: that is, what the first sentence
14of your paragraph exploring this quotation will be. This sentence should summarise your main idea
15about the quotation, and it might start: ‘Hyde is depicted as…’
16
17 Task five: Quotation use
18 Remember to introduce your quotation:
19  Stevenson writes…
20  Utterson says…
21  The author tells us…
22  Hyde is described as…
23  In the quotation…
24 Which will you use for each quotation? Label your quotations with your introductory phrase.
25
26 Task six: meaning
27 After each quotation, you need to show you understand the meaning.
28 After each quotation in your book, jot down what it means. This can be the literal meaning or the
29deeper meaning or both.
30  This means…
31  This shows…
32  This displays…
33  The reader might think that…
34
35 Task seven: Now, write the full paragraph in your books, answering the question:
36 How is Hyde depicted in this first extract?

17
 Chapter Two: Search for Mr. Hyde (part three)
Recap:
1. What did increased anonymity lead to in Victorian London?
2. How much does Hyde pay for trampling a young girl?
3. How does Hyde pay this amount?
4. Who does Jekyll leave all his money to in his will?
5. How does Utterson know about Jekyll’s will?

1 The lawyer stood awhile when Mr. Hyde had left him, the picture of disquietude. Then he began
2slowly to mount the street, pausing every step or two and putting his hand to his brow like a man in
3mental perplexity. The problem he was thus debating as he walked, was one of a class that is rarely
4solved. Mr. Hyde was pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable
5malformation, he had a displeasing smile, he had borne himself to the lawyer with a sort of
6murderous mixture of timidity and boldness, and he spoke with a husky, whispering and somewhat
7broken voice; all these were points against him, but not all of these together could explain the
8hitherto unknown disgust, loathing and fear with which Mr. Utterson regarded him. “There must be
9something else,” said the perplexed gentleman. “There is something more, if I could find a name for
10it. God bless me, the man seems hardly human! Something troglodytic, shall we say? or can it be the
11old story of Dr. Fell? or is it the mere radiance of a foul soul that thus transpires through, and
12transfigures, its clay continent? The last, I think; for, O my poor old Harry Jekyll, if ever I read Satan’s
13signature upon a face, it is on that of your new friend.”
14 Round the corner from the by-street, there was a square of ancient, handsome houses, now for
15the most part decayed from their high estate and let in flats and chambers to all sorts and conditions
16of men; map-engravers, architects, shady lawyers and the agents of obscure enterprises. One house,
17however, second from the corner, was still occupied entire; and at the door of this, which wore a
18great air of wealth and comfort, though it was now plunged in darkness except for the fanlight, Mr.
19Utterson stopped and knocked. A well-dressed, elderly servant opened the door.
20 “Is Dr. Jekyll at home, Poole?” asked the lawyer.
21 “I will see, Mr. Utterson,” said Poole, admitting the visitor, as he spoke, into a large, low-roofed,
22comfortable hall paved with flags, warmed (after the fashion of a country house) by a bright, open
23fire, and furnished with costly cabinets of oak. “Will you wait here by the fire, sir? or shall I give you
24a light in the dining-room?”
25 “Here, thank you,” said the lawyer, and he drew near and leaned on the tall fender. This hall, in
26which he was now left alone, was a pet fancy of his friend the doctor’s; and Utterson himself was
27wont to speak of it as the pleasantest room in London. But tonight there was a shudder in his blood;
28the face of Hyde sat heavy on his memory; he felt (what was rare with him) a nausea and distaste of
29life; and in the gloom of his spirits, he seemed to read a menace in the flickering of the firelight on
30the polished cabinets and the uneasy starting of the shadow on the roof. He was ashamed of his
31relief, when Poole presently returned to announce that Dr. Jekyll was gone out.
32 “I saw Mr. Hyde go in by the old dissecting room, Poole,” he said. “Is that right, when Dr. Jekyll is
33from home?”
34 “Quite right, Mr. Utterson, sir,” replied the servant. “Mr. Hyde has a key.”
35 “Your master seems to repose a great deal of trust in that young man, Poole,” resumed the other
36musingly.
37 “Yes, sir, he does indeed,” said Poole. “We have all orders to obey him.”
38 “I do not think I ever met Mr. Hyde?” asked Utterson.
39 “O, dear no, sir. He never dines here,” replied the butler. “Indeed we see very little of him on this
40side of the house; he mostly comes and goes by the laboratory.”
41 “Well, good-night, Poole.”
42 “Good-night, Mr. Utterson.”

18
 1 And the lawyer set out homeward with a very heavy heart. “Poor Harry Jekyll,” he thought, “my
2mind misgives me he is in deep waters! He was wild when he was young; a long while ago to be
3sure; but in the law of God, there is no statute of limitations. Ay, it must be that; the ghost of some
4old sin, the cancer of some concealed disgrace: punishment coming, PEDE CLAUDO, years after
5memory has forgotten and self-love condoned the fault.” And the lawyer, scared by the thought,
6brooded awhile on his own past, groping in all the corners of memory, least by chance some Jack-in-
7the-Box of an old iniquity should leap to light there. His past was fairly blameless; few men could
8read the rolls of their life with less apprehension; yet he was humbled to the dust by the many ill
9things he had done, and raised up again into a sober and fearful gratitude by the many he had come
10so near to doing yet avoided. And then by a return on his former subject, he conceived a spark of
11hope. “This Master Hyde, if he were studied,” thought he, “must have secrets of his own; black
12secrets, by the look of him; secrets compared to which poor Jekyll’s worst would be like sunshine.
13Things cannot continue as they are. It turns me cold to think of this creature stealing like a thief to
14Harry’s bedside; poor Harry, what a wakening! And the danger of it; for if this Hyde suspects the
15existence of the will, he may grow impatient to inherit. Ay, I must put my shoulders to the wheel—if
16Jekyll will but let me,” he added, “if Jekyll will only let me.” For once more he saw before his mind’s
17eye, as clear as transparency, the strange clauses of the will.

Questions:
1. How does Utterson describe Hyde in the opening paragraph of this section?
2. How do the servants treat Hyde?
3. On the second page of this extract, what do we learn about Jekyll’s past?
4. What does Utterson think about his own past, and what does this reveal about his
character?

18 Mr. Hyde in Chapter Two

19 We learn a lot about Mr. Hyde in Chapter Two, although we don’t see him many times.
20
21 Looking back over this chapter (which starts on page 12), write notes in your book, including short
22quotations:
23 1. What do characters say about Hyde?
24 2. What does Hyde say and do in this chapter?
25 3. How do other characters view Hyde?
26
27 Extended writing: How is Mr. Hyde depicted in Chapter Two?

19
 Chapter Three: Dr. Jekyll was Quite at Ease
Recap:
1. What is pathetic fallacy?
2. What is duality?
3. What is a metaphor?
Extension: What other Gothic features do you know?

1 A fortnight later, by excellent good fortune, the doctor gave one of his pleasant dinners to some
2five or six old cronies, all intelligent, reputable men and all judges of good wine; and Mr. Utterson so
3contrived that he remained behind after the others had departed. This was no new arrangement,
4but a thing that had befallen many scores of times. Where Utterson was liked, he was liked well.
5Hosts loved to detain the dry lawyer, when the light-hearted and loose-tongued had already their
6foot on the threshold; they liked to sit a while in his unobtrusive company, practising for solitude,
7sobering their minds in the man’s rich silence after the expense and strain of gaiety. To this rule, Dr.
8Jekyll was no exception; and as he now sat on the opposite side of the fire—a large, well-made,
9smooth-faced man of fifty, with something of a stylish cast perhaps, but every mark of capacity and
10kindness—you could see by his looks that he cherished for Mr. Utterson a sincere and warm
11affection.
12 “I have been wanting to speak to you, Jekyll,” began the latter. “You know that will of yours?”
13 A close observer might have gathered that the topic was distasteful; but the doctor carried it off
14gaily. “My poor Utterson,” said he, “you are unfortunate in such a client. I never saw a man so
15distressed as you were by my will; unless it were that hide-bound pedant, Lanyon, at what he called
16my scientific heresies. O, I know he’s a good fellow—you needn’t frown—an excellent fellow, and I
17always mean to see more of him; but a hide-bound pedant for all that; an ignorant, blatant pedant. I
18was never more disappointed in any man than Lanyon.”
19 “You know I never approved of it,” pursued Utterson, ruthlessly disregarding the fresh topic.
20 “My will? Yes, certainly, I know that,” said the doctor, a trifle sharply. “You have told me so.”
21 “Well, I tell you so again,” continued the lawyer. “I have been learning something of young Hyde.”
22 The large handsome face of Dr. Jekyll grew pale to the very lips, and there came a blackness about
23his eyes. “I do not care to hear more,” said he. “This is a matter I thought we had agreed to drop.”
24 “What I heard was abominable,” said Utterson.
25 “It can make no change. You do not understand my position,” returned the doctor, with a certain
26incoherency of manner. “I am painfully situated, Utterson; my position is a very strange—a very
27strange one. It is one of those affairs that cannot be mended by talking.”
28 “Jekyll,” said Utterson, “you know me: I am a man to be trusted. Make a clean breast of this in
29confidence; and I make no doubt I can get you out of it.”
30 “My good Utterson,” said the doctor, “this is very good of you, this is downright good of you, and
31I cannot find words to thank you in. I believe you fully; I would trust you before any man alive, ay,
32before myself, if I could make the choice; but indeed it isn’t what you fancy; it is not as bad as that;
33and just to put your good heart at rest, I will tell you one thing: the moment I choose, I can be rid of
34Mr. Hyde. I give you my hand upon that; and I thank you again and again; and I will just add one little
35word, Utterson, that I’m sure you’ll take in good part: this is a private matter, and I beg of you to let
36it sleep.”
37 Utterson reflected a little, looking in the fire.
38 “I have no doubt you are perfectly right,” he said at last, getting to his feet.
39 “Well, but since we have touched upon this business, and for the last time I hope,” continued the
40doctor, “there is one point I should like you to understand. I have really a very great interest in poor
41Hyde. I know you have seen him; he told me so; and I fear he was rude. But I do sincerely take a
42great, a very great interest in that young man; and if I am taken away, Utterson, I wish you to
43promise me that you will bear with him and get his rights for him. I think you would, if you knew all;
44and it would be a weight off my mind if you would promise.”

20
 1 “I can’t pretend that I shall ever like him,” said the lawyer.
2 “I don’t ask that,” pleaded Jekyll, laying his hand upon the other’s arm; “I only ask for justice; I
3only ask you to help him for my sake, when I am no longer here.”
4 Utterson heaved an irrepressible sigh. “Well,” said he, “I promise.”

i) Questions:
1. How does Jekyll describe Lanyon? Use a quotation to support your answer and explore it.
2. How does Jekyll react when Utterson brings up Hyde?
3. What does Utterson say to close the subject of the will?

5ii) Utterson and Jekyll:

6This is the first time the reader sees Utterson and Jekyll together. How is their relationship depicted?
7What can you infer about their relationship from the way they speak together? How does Jekyll treat
8Utterson? How does Utterson treat Jekyll?
9
101. Find four quotations that reveal the relationship between Utterson and Jekyll and write them in
11your book.
122. Now, think about what each quotation reveals – look at any significant words, consider any
13relevant themes, take into account any techniques.
143. Write a topic sentence for each quotation, summarising your main thoughts about that quotation.
154. Answer in an extended paragraph and in full sentences: How does Stevenson present the
16relationship between Jekyll and Utterson?
17Stevenson presents the relationship between Jekyll and Utterson as… For example, when he writes
18that Jekyll says: ‘…’ This quotation reveals that Jekyll is very… In particular, the striking word ‘…’
19shows the reader that…

21
 Chapter Four: The Carew Murder Case (part one)
Recap:
1. Who wrote ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’?
2. When was it written?
3. Where is the novella set?
4. What do you know about the setting at the time of the novella?

1 Nearly a year later, in the month of October, 18—, London was startled by a crime of singular
2ferocity and rendered all the more notable by the high position of the victim. The details were few
3and startling. A maid servant living alone in a house not far from the river, had gone upstairs to bed
4about eleven. Although a fog rolled over the city in the small hours, the early part of the night was
5cloudless, and the lane, which the maid’s window overlooked, was brilliantly lit by the full moon. It
6seems she was romantically given, for she sat down upon her box, which stood immediately under
7the window, and fell into a dream of musing. Never (she used to say, with streaming tears, when she
8narrated that experience), never had she felt more at peace with all men or thought more kindly of
9the world. And as she so sat she became aware of an aged beautiful gentleman with white hair,
10drawing near along the lane; and advancing to meet him, another and very small gentleman, to
11whom at first she paid less attention. When they had come within speech (which was just under the
12maid’s eyes) the older man bowed and accosted the other with a very pretty manner of politeness. It
13did not seem as if the subject of his address were of great importance; indeed, from his pointing, it
14some times appeared as if he were only inquiring his way; but the moon shone on his face as he
15spoke, and the girl was pleased to watch it, it seemed to breathe such an innocent and old-world
16kindness of disposition, yet with something high too, as of a well-founded self-content. Presently
17her eye wandered to the other, and she was surprised to recognise in him a certain Mr. Hyde, who
18had once visited her master and for whom she had conceived a dislike. He had in his hand a heavy
19cane, with which he was trifling; but he answered never a word, and seemed to listen with an ill-
20contained impatience. And then all of a sudden he broke out in a great flame of anger, stamping
21with his foot, brandishing the cane, and carrying on (as the maid described it) like a madman. The
22old gentleman took a step back, with the air of one very much surprised and a trifle hurt; and at that
23Mr. Hyde broke out of all bounds and clubbed him to the earth. And next moment, with ape-like
24fury, he was trampling his victim under foot and hailing down a storm of blows, under which the
25bones were audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway. At the horror of these sights
26and sounds, the maid fainted.
27 It was two o’clock when she came to herself and called for the police. The murderer was gone
28long ago; but there lay his victim in the middle of the lane, incredibly mangled. The stick with which
29the deed had been done, although it was of some rare and very tough and heavy wood, had broken
30in the middle under the stress of this insensate cruelty; and one splintered half had rolled in the
31neighbouring gutter—the other, without doubt, had been carried away by the murderer. A purse
32and gold watch were found upon the victim: but no cards or papers, except a sealed and stamped
33envelope, which he had been probably carrying to the post, and which bore the name and address of
34Mr. Utterson.
35 This was brought to the lawyer the next morning, before he was out of bed; and he had no sooner
36seen it and been told the circumstances, than he shot out a solemn lip. “I shall say nothing till I have
37seen the body,” said he; “this may be very serious. Have the kindness to wait while I dress.” And with
38the same grave countenance he hurried through his breakfast and drove to the police station,
39whither the body had been carried. As soon as he came into the cell, he nodded.
40 “Yes,” said he, “I recognise him. I am sorry to say that this is Sir Danvers Carew.”
41 “Good God, sir,” exclaimed the officer, “is it possible?” And the next moment his eye lighted up
42with professional ambition. “This will make a deal of noise,” he said. “And perhaps you can help us
43to the man.” And he briefly narrated what the maid had seen, and showed the broken stick.

22
1 Mr. Utterson had already quailed at the name of Hyde; but when the stick was laid before him, he
2could doubt no longer; broken and battered as it was, he recognized it for one that he had himself
3presented many years before to Henry Jekyll.
4 “Is this Mr. Hyde a person of small stature?” he inquired.
5 “Particularly small and particularly wicked-looking, is what the maid calls him,” said the officer.
6 Mr. Utterson reflected; and then, raising his head, “If you will come with me in my cab,” he said, “I
7think I can take you to his house.”

Questions:
1. What could be the significance of the weather in the first paragraph of this chapter?
2. Describe the crime. You can use short quotations.
3. How might a Victorian reader have responded to this crime? Consider what you know about crime
in the Victorian era.

23
 Chapter Four: The Carew Murder Case (part two)
Recap:
1. What is the first crime Hyde commits?
2. What does Hyde pay after this crime?
3. How does Hyde pay it?
4. What era is this novella set in?
5. Who was the monarch of that era?
Extension: When did that monarch reign?

1 It was by this time about nine in the morning, and the first fog of the season. A great chocolate-
2coloured pall lowered over heaven, but the wind was continually charging and routing these
3embattled vapours; so that as the cab crawled from street to street, Mr. Utterson beheld a
4marvellous number of degrees and hues of twilight; for here it would be dark like the back-end of
5evening; and there would be a glow of a rich, lurid brown, like the light of some strange
6conflagration; and here, for a moment, the fog would be quite broken up, and a haggard shaft of
7daylight would glance in between the swirling wreaths. The dismal quarter of Soho seen under these
8changing glimpses, with its muddy ways, and slatternly passengers, and its lamps, which had never
9been extinguished or had been kindled afresh to combat this mournful reinvasion of darkness,
10seemed, in the lawyer’s eyes, like a district of some city in a nightmare. The thoughts of his mind,
11besides, were of the gloomiest dye; and when he glanced at the companion of his drive, he was
12conscious of some touch of that terror of the law and the law’s officers, which may at times assail
13the most honest.
14 As the cab drew up before the address indicated, the fog lifted a little and showed him a dingy
15street, a gin palace, a low French eating house, a shop for the retail of penny numbers and twopenny
16salads, many ragged children huddled in the doorways, and many women of many different
17nationalities passing out, key in hand, to have a morning glass; and the next moment the fog settled
18down again upon that part, as brown as umber, and cut him off from his blackguardly surroundings.
19This was the home of Henry Jekyll’s favourite; of a man who was heir to a quarter of a million
20sterling.
21 An ivory-faced and silvery-haired old woman opened the door. She had an evil face, smoothed by
22hypocrisy: but her manners were excellent. Yes, she said, this was Mr. Hyde’s, but he was not at
23home; he had been in that night very late, but he had gone away again in less than an hour; there
24was nothing strange in that; his habits were very irregular, and he was often absent; for instance, it
25was nearly two months since she had seen him till yesterday.
26 “Very well, then, we wish to see his rooms,” said the lawyer; and when the woman began to
27declare it was impossible, “I had better tell you who this person is,” he added. “This is Inspector
28Newcomen of Scotland Yard.”
29 A flash of odious joy appeared upon the woman’s face. “Ah!” said she, “he is in trouble! What has
30he done?”
31 Mr. Utterson and the inspector exchanged glances. “He don’t seem a very popular character,”
32observed the latter. “And now, my good woman, just let me and this gentleman have a look about
33us.”
34 In the whole extent of the house, which but for the old woman remained otherwise empty, Mr.
35Hyde had only used a couple of rooms; but these were furnished with luxury and good taste. A closet
36was filled with wine; the plate was of silver, the napery elegant; a good picture hung upon the walls,
37a gift (as Utterson supposed) from Henry Jekyll, who was much of a connoisseur; and the carpets
38were of many plies and agreeable in colour. At this moment, however, the rooms bore every mark of
39having been recently and hurriedly ransacked; clothes lay about the floor, with their pockets inside
40out; lock-fast drawers stood open; and on the hearth there lay a pile of grey ashes, as though many
41papers had been burned. From these embers the inspector disinterred the butt end of a green
42cheque book, which had resisted the action of the fire; the other half of the stick was found behind

24
 1the door; and as this clinched his suspicions, the officer declared himself delighted. A visit to the
2bank, where several thousand pounds were found to be lying to the murderer’s credit, completed
3his gratification.
4 “You may depend upon it, sir,” he told Mr. Utterson: “I have him in my hand. He must have lost
5his head, or he never would have left the stick or, above all, burned the cheque book. Why, money’s
6life to the man. We have nothing to do but wait for him at the bank, and get out the handbills.”
7 This last, however, was not so easy of accomplishment; for Mr. Hyde had numbered few familiars
8—even the master of the servant maid had only seen him twice; his family could nowhere be traced;
9he had never been photographed; and the few who could describe him differed widely, as common
10observers will. Only on one point were they agreed; and that was the haunting sense of unexpressed
11deformity with which the fugitive impressed his beholders.

Questions: Use quotations to support your answers. Remember to say something after every
quotation, even if you’re just saying: this means…
1. What is the significance of the weather in the first paragraph of the previous page?
2. Look at lines 21 and 22. How does this link to the idea of reputation?
3. What does Utterson find in Hyde’s rooms?
4. Look at lines 7-11 on this page. How is Hyde described by those who see him, and what does this
suggest?

25
 Crime
Recap:
1. Who wrote this novella?
2. When did they write it?
3. What genre is this novella?
4. What did Sigmund Freud write about?
5. Who wrote ‘On the Origin of the Species’?
Extension: What is this text about?

1Task One: read the extract through with your teacher.

2
3 Nearly a year later, in the month of October, 18—, London was startled by a crime of singular
4ferocity and rendered all the more notable by the high position of the victim. The details were few
5and startling. A maid servant living alone in a house not far from the river, had gone upstairs to bed
6about eleven. Although a fog rolled over the city in the small hours, the early part of the night was
7cloudless, and the lane, which the maid’s window overlooked, was brilliantly lit by the full moon. It
8seems she was romantically given, for she sat down upon her box, which stood immediately under
9the window, and fell into a dream of musing. Never (she used to say, with streaming tears, when she
10narrated that experience), never had she felt more at peace with all men or thought more kindly of
11the world. And as she so sat she became aware of an aged beautiful gentleman with white hair,
12drawing near along the lane; and advancing to meet him, another and very small gentleman, to
13whom at first she paid less attention. When they had come within speech (which was just under the
14maid’s eyes) the older man bowed and accosted the other with a very pretty manner of politeness. It
15did not seem as if the subject of his address were of great importance; indeed, from his pointing, it
16some times appeared as if he were only inquiring his way; but the moon shone on his face as he
17spoke, and the girl was pleased to watch it, it seemed to breathe such an innocent and old-world
18kindness of disposition, yet with something high too, as of a well-founded self-content. Presently her
19eye wandered to the other, and she was surprised to recognise in him a certain Mr. Hyde, who had
20once visited her master and for whom she had conceived a dislike. He had in his hand a heavy cane,
21with which he was trifling; but he answered never a word, and seemed to listen with an ill-contained
22impatience. And then all of a sudden he broke out in a great flame of anger, stamping with his foot,
23brandishing the cane, and carrying on (as the maid described it) like a madman. The old gentleman
24took a step back, with the air of one very much surprised and a trifle hurt; and at that Mr. Hyde
25broke out of all bounds and clubbed him to the earth. And next moment, with ape-like fury, he was
26trampling his victim under foot and hailing down a storm of blows, under which the bones were
27audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway. At the horror of these sights and sounds,
28the maid fainted.
29 It was two o’clock when she came to herself and called for the police. The murderer was gone
30long ago; but there lay his victim in the middle of the lane, incredibly mangled. The stick with which
31the deed had been done, although it was of some rare and very tough and heavy wood, had broken
32in the middle under the stress of this insensate cruelty; and one splintered half had rolled in the
33neighbouring gutter—the other, without doubt, had been carried away by the murderer. A purse
34and gold watch were found upon the victim: but no cards or papers, except a sealed and stamped
35envelope, which he had been probably carrying to the post, and which bore the name and address of
36Mr. Utterson.
37
38
39
40
41
42The question you will answer is: What impression of crime is created in this extract?

26
 1Task two: Read the extract again, and underline four quotations you would use to answer this
2question.
3
4 Task three: annotate your chosen quotations, considering:
5  Themes they relate to
6  Ideas they relate to
7  Techniques that are used
8  Striking words that are used
9
10 Task four: Topic sentence practise
11 For each quotation, write down your topic sentence in your book: that is, what the first sentence
12of your paragraph exploring this quotation will be. This sentence should summarise your main idea
13about the quotation, and it might start: ‘Crime is seen to be…’
14
15 Task five: Quotation use
16 Remember to introduce your quotation:
17  Stevenson writes…
18  Utterson says…
19  The author tells us…
20  Hyde is described as…
21  In the quotation…
22 Which will you use for each quotation? Label your quotations with your introductory phrase.
23
24 Task six: meaning
25 After each quotation, you need to show you understand the meaning.
26 After each quotation in your book, jot down what it means. This can be the literal meaning or the
27deeper meaning or both.
28  This means…
29  This shows…
30  This displays…
31  The reader might think that…
32
33 Task seven: Now, write the full paragraph in your books, answering the question:
34What impression of crime is created in this extract?

27
 Chapter Five: Incident of the Letter
Recap:
1. Who writes Jekyll’s will?
2. Who does Jekyll leave his money to in his will?
3. Who is unhappy about this and why?
4. Who beats who to death with a cane?
5. Who is missing at this point in the novella?
Extension: How does Stevenson build up mystery in the novella?

1 It was late in the afternoon, when Mr. Utterson found his way to Dr. Jekyll’s door, where he was
2at once admitted by Poole, and carried down by the kitchen offices and across a yard which had
3once been a garden, to the building which was indifferently known as the laboratory or dissecting
4rooms. The doctor had bought the house from the heirs of a celebrated surgeon; and his own tastes
5being rather chemical than anatomical, had changed the destination of the block at the bottom of
6the garden. It was the first time that the lawyer had been received in that part of his friend’s
7quarters; and he eyed the dingy, windowless structure with curiosity, and gazed round with a
8distasteful sense of strangeness as he crossed the theatre, once crowded with eager students and
9now lying gaunt and silent, the tables laden with chemical apparatus, the floor strewn with crates
10and littered with packing straw, and the light falling dimly through the foggy cupola. At the further
11end, a flight of stairs mounted to a door covered with red baize; and through this, Mr. Utterson was
12at last received into the doctor’s cabinet. It was a large room fitted round with glass presses,
13furnished, among other things, with a cheval-glass and a business table, and looking out upon the
14court by three dusty windows barred with iron. The fire burned in the grate; a lamp was set lighted
15on the chimney shelf, for even in the houses the fog began to lie thickly; and there, close up to the
16warmth, sat Dr. Jekyll, looking deathly sick. He did not rise to meet his visitor, but held out a cold
17hand and bade him welcome in a changed voice.
18 “And now,” said Mr. Utterson, as soon as Poole had left them, “you have heard the news?”
19 The doctor shuddered. “They were crying it in the square,” he said. “I heard them in my dining-
20room.”
21 “One word,” said the lawyer. “Carew was my client, but so are you, and I want to know what I am
22doing. You have not been mad enough to hide this fellow?”
23 “Utterson, I swear to God,” cried the doctor, “I swear to God I will never set eyes on him again. I
24bind my honour to you that I am done with him in this world. It is all at an end. And indeed he does
25not want my help; you do not know him as I do; he is safe, he is quite safe; mark my words, he will
26never more be heard of.”
27 The lawyer listened gloomily; he did not like his friend’s feverish manner. “You seem pretty sure
28of him,” said he; “and for your sake, I hope you may be right. If it came to a trial, your name might
29appear.”
30 “I am quite sure of him,” replied Jekyll; “I have grounds for certainty that I cannot share with any
31one. But there is one thing on which you may advise me. I have—I have received a letter; and I am at
32a loss whether I should show it to the police. I should like to leave it in your hands, Utterson; you
33would judge wisely, I am sure; I have so great a trust in you.”
34 “You fear, I suppose, that it might lead to his detection?” asked the lawyer.
35 “No,” said the other. “I cannot say that I care what becomes of Hyde; I am quite done with him. I
36was thinking of my own character, which this hateful business has rather exposed.”
37 Utterson ruminated awhile; he was surprised at his friend’s selfishness, and yet relieved by it.
38“Well,” said he, at last, “let me see the letter.”
39 The letter was written in an odd, upright hand and signed “Edward Hyde”: and it signified, briefly
40enough, that the writer’s benefactor, Dr. Jekyll, whom he had long so unworthily repaid for a
41thousand generosities, need labour under no alarm for his safety, as he had means of escape on

28
 1which he placed a sure dependence. The lawyer liked this letter well enough; it put a better colour
2on the intimacy than he had looked for; and he blamed himself for some of his past suspicions.
3 “Have you the envelope?” he asked.
4 “I burned it,” replied Jekyll, “before I thought what I was about. But it bore no postmark. The note
5was handed in.”
6 “Shall I keep this and sleep upon it?” asked Utterson.
7 “I wish you to judge for me entirely,” was the reply. “I have lost confidence in myself.”
8 “Well, I shall consider,” returned the lawyer. “And now one word more: it was Hyde who dictated
9the terms in your will about that disappearance?”
10 The doctor seemed seized with a qualm of faintness; he shut his mouth tight and nodded.
11 “I knew it,” said Utterson. “He meant to murder you. You had a fine escape.”
12 “I have had what is far more to the purpose,” returned the doctor solemnly: “I have had a lesson
13—O God, Utterson, what a lesson I have had!” And he covered his face for a moment with his hands.
14 On his way out, the lawyer stopped and had a word or two with Poole. “By the bye,” said he,
15“there was a letter handed in to-day: what was the messenger like?” But Poole was positive nothing
16had come except by post; “and only circulars by that,” he added.

Questions:
1. Look at the first paragraph of the previous page. How is Jekyll’s laboratory described, and what
impression does this create?
2. How does Jekyll seem in this extract?
3. What does Jekyll want Utterson to do?
4. What unusual thing does Poole tell Utterson at the end of this section?

17Extended writing question:

18As the novella goes on, the reader should, like Utterson, become more and more suspicious of Dr.
19Jekyll. In this extract, he lies to Utterson a number of times, either explicitly (about the letter and
20burning the envelope) or by omission (allowing Utterson to believe Hyde planned to murder him.)
21
221. Look carefully at the extract and find four quotations that reveal Jekyll’s character that should
23arouse the reader’s suspicion.
24
252. After each quotation, paraphrase it (‘this means…’)
26
273. Write a paragraph in your book using at least four quotations answering the question:
28How is Dr. Jekyll presented in Chapter Five?

29
 Chapter Five: Incident of the Letter (part two)
Recap:
1. What is Mr. Utterson’s job?
2. Who does Utterson walk with in the first chapter of this novella?
3. Who is murdered with a cane?
4. Who is trampled by Hyde?
5. What theory did Sigmund Freud create?
Extension: how does that theory link to this novella?

1 This news sent off the visitor with his fears renewed. Plainly the letter had come by the laboratory
2door; possibly, indeed, it had been written in the cabinet; and if that were so, it must be differently
3judged, and handled with the more caution. The newsboys, as he went, were crying themselves
4hoarse along the footways: “Special edition. Shocking murder of an M.P.” That was the funeral
5oration of one friend and client; and he could not help a certain apprehension lest the good name of
6another should be sucked down in the eddy of the scandal. It was, at least, a ticklish decision that he
7had to make; and self-reliant as he was by habit, he began to cherish a longing for advice. It was not
8to be had directly; but perhaps, he thought, it might be fished for.
9 Presently after, he sat on one side of his own hearth, with Mr. Guest, his head clerk, upon the
10other, and midway between, at a nicely calculated distance from the fire, a bottle of a particular old
11wine that had long dwelt unsunned in the foundations of his house. The fog still slept on the wing
12above the drowned city, where the lamps glimmered like carbuncles; and through the muffle and
13smother of these fallen clouds, the procession of the town’s life was still rolling in through the great
14arteries with a sound as of a mighty wind. But the room was gay with firelight. In the bottle the acids
15were long ago resolved; the imperial dye had softened with time, as the colour grows richer in
16stained windows; and the glow of hot autumn afternoons on hillside vineyards, was ready to be set
17free and to disperse the fogs of London. Insensibly the lawyer melted. There was no man from
18whom he kept fewer secrets than Mr. Guest; and he was not always sure that he kept as many as he
19meant. Guest had often been on business to the doctor’s; he knew Poole; he could scarce have failed
20to hear of Mr. Hyde’s familiarity about the house; he might draw conclusions: was it not as well,
21then, that he should see a letter which put that mystery to right? and above all since Guest, being a
22great student and critic of handwriting, would consider the step natural and obliging? The clerk,
23besides, was a man of counsel; he could scarce read so strange a document without dropping a
24remark; and by that remark Mr. Utterson might shape his future course.
25 “This is a sad business about Sir Danvers,” he said.
26 “Yes, sir, indeed. It has elicited a great deal of public feeling,” returned Guest. “The man, of
27course, was mad.”
28 “I should like to hear your views on that,” replied Utterson. “I have a document here in his
29handwriting; it is between ourselves, for I scarce know what to do about it; it is an ugly business at
30the best. But there it is; quite in your way: a murderer’s autograph.”
31 Guest’s eyes brightened, and he sat down at once and studied it with passion. “No sir,” he said:
32“not mad; but it is an odd hand.”
33 “And by all accounts a very odd writer,” added the lawyer.
34 Just then the servant entered with a note.
35 “Is that from Dr. Jekyll, sir?” inquired the clerk. “I thought I knew the writing. Anything private,
36Mr. Utterson?”
37 “Only an invitation to dinner. Why? Do you want to see it?”
38 “One moment. I thank you, sir;” and the clerk laid the two sheets of paper alongside and
39sedulously compared their contents. “Thank you, sir,” he said at last, returning both; “it’s a very
40interesting autograph.”
41 There was a pause, during which Mr. Utterson struggled with himself. “Why did you compare
42them, Guest?” he inquired suddenly.

30
 1 “Well, sir,” returned the clerk, “there’s a rather singular resemblance; the two hands are in many
2points identical: only differently sloped.”
3 “Rather quaint,” said Utterson.
4 “It is, as you say, rather quaint,” returned Guest.
5 “I wouldn’t speak of this note, you know,” said the master.
6 “No, sir,” said the clerk. “I understand.”
7 But no sooner was Mr. Utterson alone that night, than he locked the note into his safe, where it
8reposed from that time forward. “What!” he thought. “Henry Jekyll forge for a murderer!” And his
9blood ran cold in his veins.

i) Questions:
1. Look at lines 9-14. How does Stevenson use description, and what kind of atmosphere is created?
Use quotations and analyse them to support your answer.
2. What does Mr. Guest notice about Hyde’s handwriting?
3. What conclusion does Utterson draw as a result?

10ii) Reputation
11The Victorians were obsessed with their ‘good reputation.’ People worked hard to maintain a good
12appearance at all costs, and to hide any transgressions they may have committed. In the novella,
13Jekyll is hiding a very great secret; his double, Hyde, may symbolise a number of aspects.
14
151. In your books, note down:
16What is Jekyll’s reputation?
17How does Utterson worry he is ruining his reputation?
18
192. Find four quotations from Chapter Five (the previous four pages) that support your ideas.
20
213. After each quotation, summarise its significance (‘this means…/this suggests…’)
22
234. For each quotation, write a topic sentence about reputation linking the idea in the quotation to
24this theme.
25
265. Write a paragraph answering the question: How is reputation important in Chapter Five?

31
 Chapter Six: Incident of Dr. Lanyon
Recap:
1. Who is a handwriting expert?
2. Who is a lawyer?
3. Who is a scientist?
4. Who is a butler?
5. Who wrote ‘On the Origin of the Species’?
Extension: Why is ‘On the Origin of the Species’ significant to understanding this novella?

1 Time ran on; thousands of pounds were offered in reward, for the death of Sir Danvers was
2resented as a public injury; but Mr. Hyde had disappeared out of the ken of the police as though he
3had never existed. Much of his past was unearthed, indeed, and all disreputable: tales came out of
4the man’s cruelty, at once so callous and violent; of his vile life, of his strange associates, of the
5hatred that seemed to have surrounded his career; but of his present whereabouts, not a whisper.
6From the time he had left the house in Soho on the morning of the murder, he was simply blotted
7out; and gradually, as time drew on, Mr. Utterson began to recover from the hotness of his alarm,
8and to grow more at quiet with himself. The death of Sir Danvers was, to his way of thinking, more
9than paid for by the disappearance of Mr. Hyde. Now that that evil influence had been withdrawn, a
10new life began for Dr. Jekyll. He came out of his seclusion, renewed relations with his friends,
11became once more their familiar guest and entertainer; and whilst he had always been known for
12charities, he was now no less distinguished for religion. He was busy, he was much in the open air,
13he did good; his face seemed to open and brighten, as if with an inward consciousness of service;
14and for more than two months, the doctor was at peace.
15 On the 8th of January Utterson had dined at the doctor’s with a small party; Lanyon had been
16there; and the face of the host had looked from one to the other as in the old days when the trio
17were inseparable friends. On the 12th, and again on the 14th, the door was shut against the lawyer.
18“The doctor was confined to the house,” Poole said, “and saw no one.” On the 15th, he tried again,
19and was again refused; and having now been used for the last two months to see his friend almost
20daily, he found this return of solitude to weigh upon his spirits. The fifth night he had in Guest to
21dine with him; and the sixth he betook himself to Dr. Lanyon’s.
22 There at least he was not denied admittance; but when he came in, he was shocked at the change
23which had taken place in the doctor’s appearance. He had his death-warrant written legibly upon
24his face. The rosy man had grown pale; his flesh had fallen away; he was visibly balder and older; and
25yet it was not so much these tokens of a swift physical decay that arrested the lawyer’s notice, as a
26look in the eye and quality of manner that seemed to testify to some deep-seated terror of the
27mind. It was unlikely that the doctor should fear death; and yet that was what Utterson was tempted
28to suspect. “Yes,” he thought; “he is a doctor, he must know his own state and that his days are
29counted; and the knowledge is more than he can bear.” And yet when Utterson remarked on his ill-
30looks, it was with an air of great firmness that Lanyon declared himself a doomed man.
31 “I have had a shock,” he said, “and I shall never recover. It is a question of weeks. Well, life has
32been pleasant; I liked it; yes, sir, I used to like it. I sometimes think if we knew all, we should be more
33glad to get away.”
34 “Jekyll is ill, too,” observed Utterson. “Have you seen him?”
35 But Lanyon’s face changed, and he held up a trembling hand. “I wish to see or hear no more of Dr.
36Jekyll,” he said in a loud, unsteady voice. “I am quite done with that person; and I beg that you will
37spare me any allusion to one whom I regard as dead.”
38 “Tut-tut,” said Mr. Utterson; and then after a considerable pause, “Can’t I do anything?” he
39inquired. “We are three very old friends, Lanyon; we shall not live to make others.”
40 “Nothing can be done,” returned Lanyon; “ask himself.”
41 “He will not see me,” said the lawyer.

32
 1 “I am not surprised at that,” was the reply. “Some day, Utterson, after I am dead, you may
2perhaps come to learn the right and wrong of this. I cannot tell you. And in the meantime, if you can
3sit and talk with me of other things, for God’s sake, stay and do so; but if you cannot keep clear of
4this accursed topic, then in God’s name, go, for I cannot bear it.”
5 As soon as he got home, Utterson sat down and wrote to Jekyll, complaining of his exclusion from
6the house, and asking the cause of this unhappy break with Lanyon; and the next day brought him a
7long answer, often very pathetically worded, and sometimes darkly mysterious in drift. The quarrel
8with Lanyon was incurable. “I do not blame our old friend,” Jekyll wrote, “but I share his view that
9we must never meet. I mean from henceforth to lead a life of extreme seclusion; you must not be
10surprised, nor must you doubt my friendship, if my door is often shut even to you. You must suffer
11me to go my own dark way. I have brought on myself a punishment and a danger that I cannot
12name. If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also. I could not think that this earth
13contained a place for sufferings and terrors so unmanning; and you can do but one thing, Utterson,
14to lighten this destiny, and that is to respect my silence.” Utterson was amazed; the dark influence of
15Hyde had been withdrawn, the doctor had returned to his old tasks and amities; a week ago, the
16prospect had smiled with every promise of a cheerful and an honoured age; and now in a moment,
17friendship, and peace of mind, and the whole tenor of his life were wrecked. So great and
18unprepared a change pointed to madness; but in view of Lanyon’s manner and words, there must lie
19for it some deeper ground.
20 A week afterwards Dr. Lanyon took to his bed, and in something less than a fortnight he was dead.
21The night after the funeral, at which he had been sadly affected, Utterson locked the door of his
22business room, and sitting there by the light of a melancholy candle, drew out and set before him an
23envelope addressed by the hand and sealed with the seal of his dead friend. “PRIVATE: for the hands
24of G. J. Utterson ALONE, and in case of his predecease to be destroyed unread,” so it was
25emphatically superscribed; and the lawyer dreaded to behold the contents. “I have buried one
26friend to-day,” he thought: “what if this should cost me another?” And then he condemned the fear
27as a disloyalty, and broke the seal. Within there was another enclosure, likewise sealed, and marked
28upon the cover as “not to be opened till the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll.” Utterson
29could not trust his eyes. Yes, it was disappearance; here again, as in the mad will which he had long
30ago restored to its author, here again were the idea of a disappearance and the name of Henry Jekyll
31bracketted. But in the will, that idea had sprung from the sinister suggestion of the man Hyde; it was
32set there with a purpose all too plain and horrible. Written by the hand of Lanyon, what should it
33mean? A great curiosity came on the trustee, to disregard the prohibition and dive at once to the
34bottom of these mysteries; but professional honour and faith to his dead friend were stringent
35obligations; and the packet slept in the inmost corner of his private safe.
36 It is one thing to mortify curiosity, another to conquer it; and it may be doubted if, from that day
37forth, Utterson desired the society of his surviving friend with the same eagerness. He thought of
38him kindly; but his thoughts were disquieted and fearful. He went to call indeed; but he was perhaps
39relieved to be denied admittance; perhaps, in his heart, he preferred to speak with Poole upon the
40doorstep and surrounded by the air and sounds of the open city, rather than to be admitted into
41that house of voluntary bondage, and to sit and speak with its inscrutable recluse. Poole had,
42indeed, no very pleasant news to communicate. The doctor, it appeared, now more than ever
43confined himself to the cabinet over the laboratory, where he would sometimes even sleep; he was
44out of spirits, he had grown very silent, he did not read; it seemed as if he had something on his
45mind. Utterson became so used to the unvarying character of these reports, that he fell off little by
46little in the frequency of his visits.

Questions: use quotations to support your answers.

1. At the start of the chapter, what is found out about Hyde?
2. At the start of the chapter, what is different about Jekyll? What changes rapidly?
3. How has Lanyon changed?
4. What does Lanyon give Utterson, and what orders does he give about it?

33
 Chapter Seven: Incident at the Window
Recap:
1. What technique means the weather reflecting the mood?
2. What technique means saying something is something else?
3. What technique means something representing something else?
4. What technique means encompassing both good and evil in the same being?
Extension: What examples of these techniques can you remember in this novella?

1 It chanced on Sunday, when Mr. Utterson was on his usual walk with Mr. Enfield, that their way
2lay once again through the by-street; and that when they came in front of the door, both stopped to
3gaze on it.
4 “Well,” said Enfield, “that story’s at an end at least. We shall never see more of Mr. Hyde.”
5 “I hope not,” said Utterson. “Did I ever tell you that I once saw him, and shared your feeling of
6repulsion?”
7 “It was impossible to do the one without the other,” returned Enfield. “And by the way, what an
8ass you must have thought me, not to know that this was a back way to Dr. Jekyll’s! It was partly
9your own fault that I found it out, even when I did.”
10 “So you found it out, did you?” said Utterson. “But if that be so, we may step into the court and
11take a look at the windows. To tell you the truth, I am uneasy about poor Jekyll; and even outside, I
12feel as if the presence of a friend might do him good.”
13 The court was very cool and a little damp, and full of premature twilight, although the sky, high
14up overhead, was still bright with sunset. The middle one of the three windows was half-way open;
15and sitting close beside it, taking the air with an infinite sadness of mien, like some disconsolate
16prisoner, Utterson saw Dr. Jekyll.
17 “What! Jekyll!” he cried. “I trust you are better.”
18 “I am very low, Utterson,” replied the doctor drearily, “very low. It will not last long, thank God.”
19 “You stay too much indoors,” said the lawyer. “You should be out, whipping up the circulation like
20Mr. Enfield and me. (This is my cousin—Mr. Enfield—Dr. Jekyll.) Come now; get your hat and take a
21quick turn with us.”
22 “You are very good,” sighed the other. “I should like to very much; but no, no, no, it is quite
23impossible; I dare not. But indeed, Utterson, I am very glad to see you; this is really a great pleasure;
24I would ask you and Mr. Enfield up, but the place is really not fit.”
25 “Why, then,” said the lawyer, good-naturedly, “the best thing we can do is to stay down here and
26speak with you from where we are.”
27 “That is just what I was about to venture to propose,” returned the doctor with a smile. But the
28words were hardly uttered, before the smile was struck out of his face and succeeded by an
29expression of such abject terror and despair, as froze the very blood of the two gentlemen below.
30They saw it but for a glimpse for the window was instantly thrust down; but that glimpse had been
31sufficient, and they turned and left the court without a word. In silence, too, they traversed the by-
32street; and it was not until they had come into a neighbouring thoroughfare, where even upon a
33Sunday there were still some stirrings of life, that Mr. Utterson at last turned and looked at his
34companion. They were both pale; and there was an answering horror in their eyes.
35 “God forgive us, God forgive us,” said Mr. Utterson.
36 But Mr. Enfield only nodded his head very seriously, and walked on once more in silence.

34
 Questions: Use quotations to support your answers.
1. How is Jekyll at the start of this chapter?
2. What advice does Utterson give Jekyll?
3. How do Utterson and Enfield react to this strange meeting?

1Mystery
2Stevenson builds up a mystery around Jekyll throughout the novella by using a series of seemingly
3inexplicable occurences, with a hint that these might be explained. Remember, the Gothic genre is
4all about mystery; what unsettles us. Older Gothic novels focused on the supernatural and ancient
5settings. By contrast, ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ is about what is contemporary, and perhaps, for a Victorian
6reader, frighteningly present: science, the threat of science, the fear of one’s own evil insides, and a
7current setting.
8
9How does Stevenson build up mystery in this very short chapter?
10
111. Find four quotations which are most mysterious.
12
132. After each quotation, explain why it is mysterious (‘this is mysterious because…/this unsettles the
14reader because…/Victorian readers would be perturbed because…’)
15
163. For each quotation, write a topic sentence linking it to the idea of creating mystery.
17
184. Write a paragraph answering the question: How does Stevenson build up mystery in Chapter
19Seven?
20 Stevenson builds a sense of mystery by… For example, when Jekyll says: ‘…’ This would unsettle
21readers because… In particular, contemporary readers in the Victorian era might have felt…
22
 1
2 B. CHAPTER SUMMARIES
1 Story of the Door Hyde tramples girl; Hyde has key and cheque.
2 Search for Mr Hyde Utterson discovers Jekyll’s will; Dr Lanyon returns; Utterson meets Hyde
3 Dr Jekyll was quite at Ease Dinner party at Jekyll’s house; Utterson is worried about the will
4 The Carew Murder Case Sir Danvers Carew is ‘clubbed’ to death by Hyde; letter found on body; murder
YEAR 9 – SPRING 2 weapon is Jekyll’s walking cane
5 The Incident of the Letter Jekyll looks unwell; Jekyll hands over forged Hyde letter
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr 6 The Remarkable Incident of Dr Lanyon dies and leaves letter for Utterson
Dr Lanyon
Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson 7 The Incident at the Window Utterson and Enfield see Jekyll at his window in ‘abject terror and despair’
A CHARACTERS 8 The Last Night Hyde has commits suicide; Utterson finds Jekyll’s will and confession
. 9 Dr Lanyon’s Narrative Lanyon’s letter describes how he became ill after seeing Hyde transform
1 Utterso Lawyer friend of Jekyll who 1 Henry Jekyll’s full statement Jekyll tells his story of how and why he created Mr Hyde
n takes on role of detective 0 of the case
2 Mr Jekyll’s evil ‘id’
Hyde C. CONTEXT: VICTORIAN ERA
3 Dr Wealthy and respectable
1 1837-1901 Queen Victoria rules; Victorian Era
Jekyll scientist
2 1850 Robert Louis Stevenson born in Scotland
4 Dr Scientist and former friend 3 1856 Sigmund Freud born (developer of psychoanalytic theory)
Lanyon of Dr Jekyll 4 1859 Charles Darwin’s ‘Origin of Species’ first published
5 1886 ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ first published
5 Enfield Friend of Utterson and 6 1888-1891 Jack the Ripper murders
Jekyll’s
D. THEMES
6 Sir Member of Parliament
Danvers (MP) murdered by Mr Hyde 1 Duality Two-sided in literature
Carew 2 Science vs religion New scientific knowledge challenging Christian faith
7 Poole Dr Jekyll’s butler (male 3 Reputation Maintaining a respectable public image
servant) 4 Crime & violence Overcrowding in London led to increase in crime

8 Mr Utterson’s secretary and E. QUOTATIONS

Guest handwriting expert 1 Story of the Door ‘trampled calmly over the child's body’
2 Search for Mr Hyde ‘He began to go wrong, wrong in the mind’
3 The Carew Murder Case ‘clubbed him to the earth…with ape-like fury’
4 Henry Jekyll’s full statement of the case ‘man is not truly one but truly two’