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PEMBEBANAN
Direncanakan :
Panjang bentang kuda-kuda = 12 m
Sudut kemiringan atap = 30º
Penutup atap = Genteng beton
Jarak antar kuda-kuda =2m
Plafond + penggantung = 18 kg/m2 (PPI – 1983)
Mutu baja yang digunakan = Bj 41
Tegangan dasar izin ( ) = 1666 kg/m2
Modulus elastisitas baja = 2,1 x 106 kg/cm2
Alat sambung = Baut A325
Tekanan angin (ω) = 40 kg/m2 (PPI 1983, pasal 4.2 ayat 2)
Batang atas
B 2
A =A = = = 2,325 m
cosα cos30
B 2
A =A = = = 2,325 m
cosα cos30
B 2
A =A = = = 2,325 m
cosα cos30
Batang Vertikal
V1 = V5 = B1 tg α = 2 tg 30 o = 1,16 m
V2 = V4 = (B1 + B2) tg α = 4 tg 30 o = 2,32 m
V3 = (B1 + B2 +B3) tg α = 6 tg 30 o = 3,48 m
Batang Diagonal
= = + = 1,16 + 2 = 5,35
= = + = 2,32 + 2 = 9,38
Batang Tritisan
!
1,2 1,2
= = = 1,38
"#$% "#$30
!
1,2 1,2
= = = 1,38
"#$% "#$30
V1 1,16
V2 2,32
V3 3,48
V4 2,32
V5 1,16
D1 5,35
D2 9,38
D3 9,38
D4 5,35
&? '( 2× 22 :; (
fy = = = 0,0,539 cm
)*+? ) × , × 2< × @ :;.
Momen akibat beban terpusat > momen akibat beban terbagi rata,
maka tegangan yang timbul ditentukan oleh beban terpusat.
c. Beban Angin
Tekanan angin rencana diambil 40 kg/m2 (PPI 1983 hal 22)
a. Angin tekan
α < 65o, maka koefisien angin tekan :
C = 0,02α – 0,4
= 0,02 (30) – 0,4 = 0,2
qx = koef angin x tekanan angin x jarak gording
= 0,2 x 40 x 0,8
= 6,4 kg/m
qy =0
Mx = 1/8 qx L2 = 1/8 (6,4) (2)2 = 3,2 kgm
My =0
Dx = ½ qx L = ½ (6,4) (2) = 6,4 kgm
Dy =0
Lendutan yang timbul :
-/ '. × , × 234 × 22.
fx = = = 0.018 cm
) *+/ ) × , × 2< × )
fy = 0
b. Angin Hisap
Koefisien angin hisap = -0,4
qx = koef angin x tek. angin x jarak gording
= - 0,4 x 40 x 0,8
= - 12,8 kg/m
qy =0
Mx = 1/8 qx L2 = 1/8 (12,8) (3)2 = 14,4 kgm (-)
My =0
Dx = ½ qx L = ½ (12,8) (3) = 19.2 kg
Dy =0
Lendutan yang timbul :
-/ '. × ,) × 234 × 22.
fx = = = 0.072 cm
) *+/ ) × , × 2< × )
fy = 0
Tabel 2.2 Momen dan Gaya Lintang Akibat Variasi dan
Kombinasi Beban
Beban
Momen dan Gaya Beban Beban Kombinasi Beban
Angin
Lintang Mati Hidup
Tekan Primer Sekunder
(1) (2) (3) (4) (2) + (3) (2)+(3)+(4)
Mx (kgm) 23,06 43,5 3,2 66,56 69,76
My (kgm) 11,53 25 0 36,53 36,53
Dx (kg) 40,13 43,5 6,4 83,63 90,03
Dy (kg) 23,07 25 0 48,07 48,07
σlt ytb = M tot ≥ 5/4 = 5/4 x 1600 kg/cm2 = 2000 kg/cm2 (beban
W
sekunder)
1. Pembebanan Primer
Mx My
σlt ytb = M tot =
W Wx Wy
= +
A ,
22 R 3 R 17
= = 70,125 V\
16
Jadi beban rangka kuda-kuda diterima sama besar untuk semua titik buhul.
Beban masing-masing rangka
P;NKQ R JT[ST[\ ]^[_T[\ VWXT − VWXT R STUTV T[_TU VWXT − VWXT
J =
ZT[ST[\ _#_T` UT[\VT VWXT − VWXT
c @c
= = 15,269 kg
@ , )
V3 = V5 = 2,97 m
P = 2,97 x 15,269 = 45,349 kg
V4 = 3,96 m
P = 3,96 x 15,269 = 60,465 kg
Berat balok diagonal
D1 = D6 = 2,34 m
P = 2,34 x 15,269 = 35,729 kg
D2 = D3 = D4 = D5 = 3,65 m
P = 3,65 x 15,269 = 55,732 kg
Batang tritisan
d! = !
= 1,32
P = 1,32 x 15,269 = 20,155 kg
Pelimpahan muatan
Titik A = B = A’ + ½( A1 + B1)
= 20,155 + ½ (35,729 + 32,447)
= 54,243 kg
Titik J = P = ½ (A1 + A2 + D1 + V1 )
= ½ (35,729 + 35,729 + 35,729 + 15,116)
= 61,152 kg
= 498,823 kg
∑MA = 0
& c 2, ) e & c ,2) e & c ,)) O & c 2, O &! c ,
RJA =
,
, c 2, ) e , c ,2) e , c ,)) O , c 2, O @ , )c ,
=
,
= 112,228 kg
∑V =0
(RAJ + RJA) – (P x 4 +P’) =0
(498,823 + 112,228) – ((133,65 x 4) + 76,45) = 0
0 =0
2. Batang J – K = Batang P – O
∑MJ = 0
& c 2, e &c , e &c
RJK =
,
, c 2, e , c , e , c
=
,
= 205,615 kg
∑MK = 0
& c 2, e &c , e & c ,A
RKJ =
,
, c 2, e , c , e , c ,A
=
,
= 195,335 kg
∑V =0
(RJK + RKJ) – (P x 3) =0
(205,615 + 195,335) – (133,65 x 3) = 0
0 =0
3. Batang K – L = Batang O – N
∑ML = 0
& c 2, e &c , e & c ,A
RKL =
,
, c 2, e , c , e , c ,A
=
,
= 195,335 kg
∑MK = 0
& c 2, e &c , e &c
RLK =
,
, c 2, e , c , e , c
=
,
= 205,615 kg
∑V =0
(RKL + RLK) – (P x 3) =0
(195,335 + 205,615) – (133,65 x 3) = 0
0 =0
4. Batang L – M = Batang N – M
∑MM = 0
& c 2, ) e & c ,2) e & c ,))
RLM =
,
, c 2, ) e , c ,2) e , c ,))
=
,
= 185,054 kg
∑ML = 0
& c 2, e &c , e & c ,2
RML =
,
, c 2, e , c , e , c ,2
=
,
= 215,896 kg
∑V =0
(RLM + RML) – (P x 3) =0
(185,054 + 215,896) – (133,65 x 3) = 0
0 =0
Jadi, beban penutup atap + gording untuk tiap titik buhul :
1. Titik A = B = RAJ = 498,823 kg
2. Titik J = P = RJA + RJK = 112,228 + 205,615 kg = 317,843 kg
3. Titik K = O = RKJ + RKL = 195,335 kg + 195,335 kg = 390,67 kg
4. Titik L = N = RLK + RLM = 205,615 kg + 185,054 kg = 390,669 kg
5. Titik M = RML x 2 = 215,896 kg x 2 = 431,792 kg