DEMOCRATIC AND PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA

MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

SAAD DAHLAB UNIVERSITY OF BLIDA 1

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICS DEPARTMENT

TECHNICAL ENGLISH PROJECT

master 1 / option: energy installations and turbomachines

WORK REALIZED BY: • GUIRAA RYADH

TEACHER CONCERNED: • MR.NEHAL

college year 2021/2020

 Introduction

Welding is a common process for joining metals using a large variety of

applications. Welding occurs in several locations, from outdoors settings on

rural farms and construction sites to inside locations, such as factories and job

shops. Welding processes are fairly simple to understand, and basic techniques

can be learned quickly.Welding is the joining of metals at a molecular level. A

weld is a homogeneous bond between two or more pieces of metal, where the

strength of the welded joint exceeds the strength of the base pieces of metal.

At the simplest level, welding involves the use of four components: the metals, a

heat source, filler metal, and some kind of shield from the air. The metals are

heated to their melting point while being shielded from the air, and then a filler

metal is added to the heated area to produce a single piece of metal. It can be

performed with or without filler metal and with or without pressure.

 What is Fabrication /Welding?

Fabrication
Metal Fabrication is the forming of metal, usually steel plate, into
various forms either by welding or other forms of metal joining processes.

Welding
A fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals by
causing coalescence. PS :Coalescence means “Fusion”.

Welding Terms
•Weldments/ Weld puddle/ Slag/ Weld Bead/Backing/ Tack Weld/ Heat Affffected Zone
(HAZ)

Types of Weld Joints

 Arc Welding
Arc welding process use electric power supply to create & maintain an electric arc b/w an
electrode and the base material to melt metals at the welding point.

How an arc is formed?

The arc is like a flame of intense heat that is generated as the electrical current passes
through a highly resistant air gap.

The Arc Welding Circuit

The electricity flows from the power source, through the electrode and across the arc, through
the base material to the work lead and back to the power source.

Advantages
• High Quality Weld.
 • No Smokes or Fumes.
• Welding can be done in all position.
• Filler metal is not always required.
• The arc & weld pool is clearly visible to the welder.
• For many application, it is the best method.
• Excellent for welding thin metals and pipeline welding.

Types of Arc Welding

• Shielded Metal - Arc Welding (SMAW)
• Gas Metal - Arc Welding (GMAW)
• Gas Tungsten - Arc Welding (GTAW)
• Submerged - Arc Welding (SAW)
• Plasma - Arc Welding (PAW)
• Flux Cored - Arc Welding (FCAW)
• GAS WELDING -Oxyacetylene Welding (OAW)

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

Also called Tungsten inert gas (TIG) This uses a similar inert gas shield to MIG, but the
tungsten electrode is not consumed. Filler metal is provided from a separate rod fed
automatically into the molten pool.
 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
This is the most commonly used technique. There is a wide choice of electrodes, metal and
fluxes, allowing application to different welding conditions. The gas shield is evolved from
the flux, preventing oxidation of the molten metal pool. Also referred to as “Stick Welding”
Used for everything from pipeline welding, farm repair and complex fabrication. Uses a
“stick” shaped electrode.
PS : Can weld: steel, cast iron, stainless steel, etc.

Submerged arc welding (SAW)

Instead of using shielding gas, the arc and weld zone are completely submerged under a
blanket of granulated flux. A continuous wire electrode is fed into the weld. This is a common
process for welding.
 Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW)
This is similar to the MIG process, but uses a continuous hollow electrode filled with flux,
which produces the shielding gas. The advantage of the technique is that it can be used for
outdoor welding, as the gas shield is less susceptible to draughts.

Plasma - Arc Welding (PAW)

Plasma welding is similar to the TIG process. A needle-like plasma arc is formed through an
orifice and fuses the base metal. Shielding gas is used. Plasma welding is most suited to high-
quality and precision welding applications.
 Conclusion
Protect yourself and others from potential hazards including:

•Fumes and Gases

• Electric Shock

• Arc Rays

• Fire and Explosion Hazards

• Noise

• Hot objects