DRUG STUDY

ORAL MEDICATION

BIGUANIDES DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Before
Metformin 500 mg 1 tab TID  Adjunct to  Contraindicate  CNS: headache,  Assess if the Patient and family
hydrochloride PC diet to lower d in patients dizziness, chills patient is stated
 Improves glucose level hypersensitive  EENT: rhinitis allergy to understanding of
Classification: glucose in patients to drug and  GI: nausea, metformin drug therapy
tolerance in with type 2 those with vomit, During
Therapeutic class: patients with diabetes hepatic disease abdominal  Ensure
Antidiabetics type 2 or metabolic bloating, patient take
diabetes, acidosis, lactic anorexia, the tablet
lowering  Adjunct to acidosis, flatulence,
both basal diet and including weight loss After
and exercise in diabetic  Musculoskeletal  Monitor
postprandial type 2 ketoacidosis : limb pain patient’s
plasma diabetes as  Skin: flushing glucose level
glucose. monotherapy regularly
Pharmacologic or with a
class:  Decreases sulfonylurea
Biguanides hepatic or insulin  Report all
glucose adverse
production reactions
and intestinal
absorption of
glucose and
improves
insulin
sensitivity
ANTIULCER DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY

Before

Rebamipide 100mg 1 Tab  Prescribed for  Unlabeled uses:  CNS: Headache,  Assess if Patient and family
TID PO the treatment Amelioration of drowsiness. patient is stated
of peptic ulcer, granulocyte  Dermatologic: allergic understanding of
gastroduodena suppression with Rashes drug therapy
l ulcers, and fluorouracil; as a maculopapular  Administer
Classification: gastric mouthwash to  GI: Nausea, the drug
disorders. It is prevent vomiting, diarrhea, before meals.
Therapeutic  Helps in indicated fluorouracil- abdominal pain,
class: Antiulcers replacement during induced gastritis, jaundice After
of lost tissue bleeding, stomatitis  Hematologic:  check the BP
by increasing erosion,  Contraindications- Anemia after giving
the redness, and allergy to the
expression of edema (all allopurinol, blood medication
epidermal signs of gastric dyscrasias,
growth factor mucosal hypersensitivity  let the patient
(EGF) and lesions) that verbalize
EGF occur in acute discomfort
receptors. gastritis and after
acute administration
exacerbation of
chronic
gastritis.
LAXATIVE DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF
DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E NURSING RESPONSIBILITY EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION

Before:
Bisacodyl 5mg 1 Tab TID  Treatment  Hypersensitivity, GI: abdominal  Check for the doctor’s
for abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, order Patient and
constipation obstruction, diarrhea, rectal  Confirm patient’s family stated
Classification: N/V burning identity understanding
 Prepare the medicine of drug therapy
Therapeutic class:  Works by Precautions: F&E: hypokalemia
 Assess patient’s and
Laxatives increasing the (chronic use) family’s knowledge of
 Use cautiously n
movement of drug therapy
severe MS: muscle
the During:
cardiovascular weakness (chronic
intestines,  Administer at bedtime
disease, and or use)
helping the for morning results.
rectal fissures,
stool to come  Consider rights of drug
excess or
out. administration
prolonged use
products After:
 Stimulates  Advise patient that
Pharmacologic class: containing
peristalsis by laxatives should be used
Diphenylmenthane tannic acid,
directly only for short term
derivatives should not be
irritating the used as multiple therapy.
smooth enemas, maybe  Advise to increase oral
muscle of the used during fluid intake to prevent
intestine pregnancy and dehydration
lactation.  Report any signs of
unusualties
ANTIANEMIC DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Before:
Vitamin B Complex 1 Tab OD  To treat and  Sensitivity to CNS: Headache,  Verify doctor’s
prevent any of the dizziness, insomnia, order. Patient and family
vitamin ingredients fatigue, tiredness  Check for stated understanding
Classification: deficiency included in Derma: Rash contraindications of drug therapy
the GI: diarrhea,  Verify dosage of
 Act as medication vomiting the drug
Therapeutic class: coenxyme MS: neck pain  Prepare drug on
Antianemics, Food and are time
supplements essential for During:
metabolism  Verify client’s
for proteins, identity
carbohydrate  Assess route of
s and fatty administration
acids  Check patient’s
status
 Administer on
Pharmacologic class:  conversion of time
Multivitamins food to After:
energy to  Instruct patient
support to report
numerous unusualities.
normal body  Ensure patient’s
processes safety
 Monitor
accordingly
 Document all
relevant data
INSULIN SECRETAGOGUES (SULFONYLUREAS) DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY

Gliclazide 30 mg 1 tab OD AC  Adjunct to  Patients with CNS: headache, Before:

diet and diabetic- dizziness, weakness, Patient and family
exercise to ketoacidosis, drowsiness, sweating  Assess for stated understanding
lower blood severe liver and GI: Nausea,diarrhea allergic of drug therapy
Classification: glucose with kidney Derm: Rash, itching reaction
 stimulates type 2 impairment, During:
Therapeutic: insulin diabetes and  Assess route
antidiabetics secretion mellitus hypersensitivity. of
through the  Adjunct to administration
beta cell insulin  Check
sulphonylurea therapy in the patient’s
receptor, and stabilization status
possibly of certain  Administer on
through a cases of type time
direct effect 1 diabetes, After:
on reducing the  Monitor urine
intracellular insulin or blood for
calcium requirement glucose and
transport and ketones.
decreasing  Report fever,
the chance of sore throat,
Pharmacologic:  Improves the hypoglycemic unusual
sulfonylureas abnormal first reactions bleeding or
phase insulin bruising, rash,
release in dark urine,
type 2 light-colored
diabetes, and stools,
also has an hypoglycemic
 effect on the or
second phase. hyperglycemic
reactions

ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Before:
 Amebic liver  Hypersensitivity CNS: seizures,  Assess
Metronidazole 500 mg 1 tab BID abscess  Hypersensitivity dizziness, patients Patient and family
 Intestinal to parabens headache, fever infection stated
amebiasis CV: edema  Watch for understanding of
 to treat  Trichomoniasis GI: Nausea, edema drug therapy
gastrointestinal  Bacterial vomiting, diarrhea,  Assess skin
Classification: infections as infections constipation for severity
well as caused by Skin: rash areas
Therapeutic: anti- trichomoniasis anaerobic During:
infectives, and giardiasis, microorganism  Give drug
antiprotozoals, and amebiasis s with meals
antiulcer agents which are  To prevent to minimize
parasitic postoperative GI distress
infections infection in After:
contaminated  Instruct
or potentially patient to
 Inhibits nucleic contaminated take oral
acid synthesis colorectal form with
by forming meals to
Pharmacologic: nitroso minimize
Nitroimidazole radicals, which reactions
derivatives disrupt the  Instruct
DNA of patient to
microbial cells. complete
full course
 therapy
 Report any
changes
occurred
ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Before:
Clarithromycin 500 mg 1 tab BID  Treatment of  Contraindicate CNS: headache  Inquire about
upper d with GI: abdominal pain previous
respiratory hypersensitivity or discomfort, hypersensitivity Patient and family
infections, to diarrhea, nausea, to other stated
Classification: caused by clarithromycin, vomiting macrolides understanding of
Streptococcus erythromycin, Skin: Rash before drug therapy
Therapeutic class:  Inhibits pyogenes, or any treatment.
Antibiotics protein Streptococcus macrolide During:
synthesis in pneumoniae antibiotic  Assess route of
susceptible  Treatment of  Use cautiously administration
bacteria, lower with colitis,  Check patient’s
causing cell respiratory hepatic, or status
death infections renal  Administer on
caused by impairment time
Mycoplasma After:
Pharmacologic class:  Binds 50S pneumoniae,  Notify
Macrolides subunit of S physician, if
bacterial pneumoniae, hypersensitivity
ribosomes, Haemopbilus occurs
blocking influenza,  Monitor for
protein Moraxella and report
synthesis catarrhalis loose stools or
diarrhea
 Report rash or
other signs of
hypersensitivity
immediately.
 Complete drug
therapy
PARENTERAL MEDICATION

ANALGESIC DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF
DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E NURSING RESPONSIBILITY EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION

Before:

Tramadol + 50mg + 1  Binds to mu-  Tramadol  Acute CNS: Dizziness,  Assess type, Patient and family
Paracetamol ampule IV for opioid Hydrochloride/Paracetamol intoxication w/ Insomnia location, and stated
fever epigastric receptors and tablets are indicated for alcohol, EENT: Dry intensity of pain understanding of
pain weakly inhibits the symptomatic treatment hypnotics, mouth after drug therapy
the reuptake of of moderate to severe centrally-acting GI: Constipation, administration.
Classification:
norepinephrin pain. analgesics, Diarrhea,  Assess bowel
Therapeutic e and opioids, or Anorexia, function routinely.
class: Analgesics serotonin.  The use of Tramadol psychotropic Nausea Constipating effects.
Hydrochloride/Paracetamol drugs; SKIN: Increased  Assess previous
Pharmacologic  Paracetamol, a should be restricted to uncontrolled sweating analgesic history.
class: Synthetic para- patients whose moderate epilepsy. During:
centrally active aminophenol to severe pain is Severe hepatic  Assess BP & RR
analgesics derivative, has considered to require a impairment. before and
analgesic, combination of tramadol Concurrent use periodically during
antipyretic and and paracetamol or w/in 2 wk of administration
weak anti- discontinuation After:
inflammatory from MAOIs.  Report any unusual
activity. developments after
administration of
drugs

PROTON-PUMP INHIBITOR DRUGS

 DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING
DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Before:
 GERD/maintenanc  Contraindicate CNS: dizziness,  Monitor Patient and family
Omeprazole 4g IV QD e of healing in d in patients drowsiness, improvements in stated
erosive with fatigue, headache, GI symptoms understanding of
80mg IVTT now esophagitis. hypersensitivity weakness.  Assess dizziness drug therapy
Duodenal ulcers to drug or its that might affect
(with or without components. CV: chest pain. gait, balance, and
Classification: anti-infectives for  Use cautiously other functional
Helicobacter in patients with GI: abdominal activities
Therapeutic class:  Diminished pylori). Short-term hypokalemia pain, constipation, During:
Antiulcer drugs accumulation of treatment of active and respiratory diarrhea, nausea,  Implement
acid in the gastric benign gastric alkalosis, in vomiting. appropriate
lumen with ulcer. Pathologic patients on manual therapy
lessened hypersecretory low-sodium Derm: itching, technique
gastroesophagea conditions, diet, and in rash. After:
l reflux. Healing including Zollinger- breast-feeding  Advise patient to
of duodenal Ellison syndrome. women. avoid alcohol and
ulcers. Reduction of risk of  Long term foods that may
Pharmacologic GI bleeding in administration cause an increase
class: PPIs  Binds to an critically ill of bicarbonate in GI irritation.
enzyme on patients. OTC: with calcium or
gastric parietal Heartburn milk can cause  Instruct patient to
cells in the occurring ≥ milk-alkali report bothersome
presence of twice/wk. syndrome. or prolonged side
acidic gastric pH, effects
preventing the
final transport of
hydrogen ions
into the gastric
lumen.
ANTISPASMODICS DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Before:
Hyoscine-N-  Buscopan  Buscopan CNS: dizziness, ,  Verify doctor’s Patient and family
butylbromide 1 ampule IV every Tablets are Tablets should restlessness, order. stated
8 hr indicated for not be irritability,  Check for understanding of
the relief of administered dizziness, contraindications drug therapy
Classification: spasm of the to patients drowsiness,  Verify dosage of
 Interfering with the genito- with headache, the drug
Therapeutic class: transmission of urinary tract myasthenia , constipation,  Prepare drug on
Antispasmodics nerve impulses by or gastro- gravis, nausea, time
acetylcholine in the intestinal megacolon and epigastric During:
parasympathetic tract and for narrow angle distress  Drug
nervous system the glaucoma. In DERM: flushing, compatibility
symptomatic addition, they dyshidrosis should be
relief of should not be monitored
Irritable given to closely
Bowel patients with a  Avoid strict heat
Pharmacologic  Action exerts a Syndrome known  Raise side rails as
class: Belladonna smooth-muscle hypersensitivity a precaution
alkaloids- relaxing/spasmolytic to hyoscine-N- After:
antimuscarnics effect. Blockade of butylbromide  Reorient patient,
the muscarinic or any other as needed
receptors in the GI component of prolonged
tract the product.  Keep emergency
equipment
available.
ANTIDIABETICS DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Before:
Regular Insulin 6 units  Individualize  Contraindicate CV: peripheral  Assess patient if
subcutaneous for dosage based d during edema allergic to pork Patient and family
CBG more than on metabolic episodes of products stated understanding of
Classification: 200mg/dL needs, blood hypoglycemia Metabolic: weight  Assess skin lesions; drug therapy
glucose  Contraindicate gain. orientation and
Therapeutic class:  Lowers blood monitoring, d in patients Skin: injection-site reflexes
Antidiabetics glucose level and glycemic with a history reactions,  Inspect skin areas
by control. of that will be used for
stimulating  Adjust dosage hypersensitivity injection
peripheral as needed in to drug or its During:
glucose patients who components.  Ensure that patient
are elderly,  Use cautiously has dietary and
Pharmacologic class:  inhibiting have renal or in patients exercise regimen
Insulins hepatic hepatic susceptible to and using good
glucose dysfunction hypokalemia, hygiene
production; or have such as patients  Rotate injection
also inhibits changes in who are sites to avoid
lipolysis and physical fasting, are damage
proteolysis, activity or taking  Monitor response
and enhances meal potassium- carefully to avoid
protein patterns, and lowering drugs, adverse effects.
synthesis. in those who or are After:
are concurrently  Provide good skin
concurrently taking drugs care and foot care,
taking drugs that may affect to prevent the
that lower potassium development of
blood glucose level. serious infections
level.  Provide comfort
measures to help
patient cope with
drug effects.
 Provide patient
education about
drug effects and
warning signs
ANTIDIABETICS DRUGS

DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF NURSING

DRUG NAME INDICATIONS C/I S/E EVALUATION
FREQUENCY ACTION RESPONSIBILITY
Before:
Isophane insulin 15 units SC in AM  Individualize  Contraindicate CV: peripheral  Monitor patient Patient and family
5 units SC in PM dosage based d during edema response to therapy stated understanding
Classification: on metabolic episodes of Metabolic: weight  Monitor for adverse of drug therapy
18 units SC in AM needs, blood hypoglycemia gain effects
6 units SC in PM glucose or ketoacidosis. Skin: injection-site During:
monitoring,  Contraindicate reaction, rash.  During:
and glycemic d in patients  Assess route of
 Lowers blood control goal with history of administration
Therapeutic class: glucose level  Adjusts as hypersensitivity  Check patient’s
Antidiabetics by stimulating needed in to drug or its status
peripheral patients who components.  Administer on time
inhibiting are elderly,  Use cautiously
hepatic have changes in patients After:
glucose in physical susceptible to  Evaluate patient
production activity or hypokalemia, understanding on
synthesis. meal such as patients drug therapy
Pharmacologic patterns, and who are  Monitor patient
class:  Intermediate- in patients fasting, are compliance to drug
Insulins acting insulin concurrently taking therapy.
suspensions taking drugs potassium-
of human that lower lowering drugs,
insulin blood glucose or are
level. concurrently
 Patients with taking drugs
type 2 that may affect
diabetes potassium
mellitus that level.
can’t be
properly
controlled by
diet, exercise
and weight
control.