01 Apr 2019 194332577H0QAC5XWAnnexure-PFR

WAPCOS LIMITED
(International Consultant in water Resources

Power and Infrastructure, Development)
76-C, Sector – 18, Institutional Area, Gurugram,
Haryana, India, Tele-fax : + 91-124-2399427
E-mail: wrd@wapcos.co.in
2019
WAPCOS LIMITED
(International Consultant in water Resources
Power and Infrastructure, Development)
76-C, Sector – 18, Institutional Area, Gurugram,
Haryana, India, Tele-fax : + 91-124-2399427
E-mail: wrd@wapcos.co.in
2019
Upper Sileru Pumped Storage HEP
UPPER SILERU PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT (9 x 150 MW)

(PRE - FEASIBILITY REPORT)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SALIENT FEATURES
Chapter 1 GENERAL
Chapter 2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
Chapter 3 BASIN DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 4 INTER-STATE / INTER-NATIONAL ASPECTS
Chapter 5 SURVEY & INVESTIGATION
Chapter 6 HYDROLOGY
Chapter 7 RESERVOIR
Chapter 8 POWER POTENTIAL & INSTALLED CAPACITY
Chapter 9 DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES
Chapter 10 ELECTRO MECHANICAL WORKS
Chapter 11 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME & PLANT PLANNING
Chapter 12 ENVIRONMENTAL & ECOLOGICAL STUDIES
Chapter 13 COST ESTIMATE
Chapter 14 ECONOMIC EVALUATION
Chapter 15 RECOMMENDATIONS
Table of Contents 1 PFR

Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project
UPPER SILERU PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT

(9 x 150 MW = 1350 MW)
SALIENT FEATURES
1 NAME OF THE PROJECT Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project

(USPSP)
2 LOCATION
2.1 Country India
2.2 State Andhra Pradesh
2.3 District Visakhapatnam
2.4 Village Sileru
3 RIVER Sileru River a tributary of Sabari River
4 GEOGRAPHICAL CO-
ORDINATES
4.1 Guntawada Reservoir ( Upper)
4.2 Latitude 18°03’33” N
4.3 Longitude 82°02’15”E
4.4 Donkarayi (Lower)
4.5 Latitude 17°56’02” N
4.6 Longitude 81°47’46”E
5 ACCESS TO PROJECT SITE
5.1 Airport Rajahmundry to project Site about 200 km
5.2 Rail Head Narsipatnam to project site about 10 km
5.3 Road Visakhapatnam to project site about 190
km
5.4 Sea Port Visakhapatnam
6 PROJECT
6.1 Type Pumped Storage Hydropower Project
6.2 Power 1350 MW
6.3 Installed Capacity 9 X 150 MW
6.4 Peak operation duration About 7 hours daily
Salient Features 1 PFR

7 GUNTAWADA RESERVOIR
(UPPER RESERVOIR)
7.1 Full Reservoir level (FRL) 414.50 m
7.2 Minimum Draw Down Level 406.75 m
(MDDL)
8 DONKARAYI RESERVOIR
(LOWER RESERVOIR)
8.1 Full Reservoir level (FRL) 316.0 m
(MDDL)
9 POWER INTAKE STRUCTURE
9.1 Type Open Rectangular
9.2 FRL 414.50 m
9.3 MDDL 406.75 m
9.4 Top of intake platform 417.0 m
9.5 Elevation at Intake center Line 381.0 m
9.6 Elevation of bell mouth bottom 375.0 m
9.7 Sill level of Intake 371.0 m
9.8 Length of Intake Pool 1840 m
9.9 Rated Design Discharge for power 1652 m3/s
generation
9.10 Intake Trash-rack
9.10.1 No of bays 40 Nos.
9.10.2 Dimensions W 3.7 X H 34.0 m
9.11 Intake Service Gate-6 Nos. W 6.0 x H 12.0 m (Vertical Lift fixed
wheel type)
9.12 Intake Emergency Gate-6 Nos. W 6.0 x H 12.0 m (Vertical Lift fixed
wheel type)
10 HEAD RACE TUNNEL (HRT)
10.1 Type Finished Modified Horse Shoe
10.2 Diameter 12 m
10.3 Nos. 3

10.4 Average Length 2746 m

10.5 Adit-1 7.8 m x 7.8 m (D-Shaped) – 600 m long
11 SURGE SHAFT ( PRIMARY)
11.1 Type Underground Rectangular (Top open to
Sky)
11.2 Dimensions L 275 x B 42.5 x H 80.0 m
11.3 Normal Water level 411 m (about)
11.4 Upsurge level 428.50 m (about)
11.5 No of gates per unit 6.0 Nos.
11.6 Dimensions of each gate W 6.0 x H 12.0 m
12 VALVE HOUSE
12.1 Type Semi Underground Rectangular
12.3 Size of Butter Fly Valve 6.0 m diameter
13 PENSTOCK TUNNEL /
PRESSURE SHAFTS
13.1 Type Circular Steel Lined / embedded pressure
shaft independent
13.2 Number of Pressure shafts/ 9
penstocks
13.3 Diameter of each penstock 6.0 m
13.4 Length of each penstock 382.7 m
13.5 Thickness of steel liner (ASTM 537 Varies from 20 mm to 32 mm
Class-II)
14 POWER HOUSE
14.1 Type Semi Underground
14.2 No. of unit & Capacity of each 9 nos. & 150 MW each
14.3 Dimensions L 313.1 x B 25.5 x H 65.0 m
14.4 Rated Net Head 92.58 m
14.5 Rated Design Discharge 1652 m3/s

14.6 C.L. of machine 281.50 m

14.7 Bottom Level 265.00 m
14.8 Turbine Floor Level 285.00 m
14.9 Generator Floor Level 290.30 m
14.10 Service Floor Level 295.70 m
14.11 Crane Level (Top) 330.00 m
14.12 Draft Tube Level 268.00 m
15 TRANSFORMERS ROOM
15.1 Type Surface
15.2 Dimensions L 313.1 x B 19.375 x H 18.5 m
16 DRAFT-TUBE TUNNELS
16.1 Type Underground – D-Shaped- Concrete lined
16.2 Size 7.8 m (W) x 10 m (H)
16.3 No. 9 Nos.
16.4 Length of each Tunnel 64.5 m
16.5 No of gates per unit 2 Nos.
16.6 Dimensions of each gate W 7.8 x H 10.0 m
17 SURGE SHAFT (SECONDARY)
17.1 Type Semi Underground Rectangular
17.3 Top Level 341.50 m
17.4 Bottom Level 265.00 m
17.5 Upsurge 335 m (about)
17.6 MDDL 306.0 m
18 TAIL RACE TUNNEL (TRT)
18.1 Type Finished Modified Horse Shoe
18.2 Diameter 12 m
18.3 Nos. 3
18.4 Average Length 2478 m
18.5 Lining 500 mm thick


19 TAIL RACE OUTLET
19.1 Type Horse Shoe Shaped
19.2 Elevation of center Line 283.0 m
19.3 Invert Level 277.0 m
20 PUMP INTAKE STRUCTURE
AT LOWER RESERVOIR
20.1 Full Reservoir level (FRL)/ 316.0 m
Maximum Tail Water Level
(MDDL)/ Minimum Tail Water
Level
20.3 Crest Level 303.5 m
20.4 Top of Intake 319.0 m
20.5 Deepest Foundation Level 270.5 m
20.6 No of bays 40 Nos.
20.7 Dimensions W 3.7 x H 31.0 m
20.8 Intake Service Gate-6 Nos. W 6.0 x H 12.0 m (Vertical Lift fixed
wheel type)
20.9 Intake Emergency Gate-6 Nos. W 6.0 x H 12.0 m (Vertical Lift fixed
wheel type)
20.10 C.L of Intake 284.0 m
20.11 Elevation of bell mouth bottom 277.0 m
20.12 Inclined Trash rack 31.0 m High
21 TAIL RACE POOL
21.1 FRL / Maximum TWL 316 m
21.2 MDDL / Minimum TWL 306 m
21.3 Invert Level Varies from 273 m to 303.5 / 303 m
21.4 Length 122.0 m
21.5 Shape Rectangular
21.6 Size 184 (W) x 13.0 m (D)

22 MAIN ACCESS TUNNEL

22.1 Type & Size D-Shaped, 8.0 m dia.
22.2 Length 750 m
22.3 Invert Level of Portal 345.0 m
23 RUBBER DAM
23.1 Location About 7.2 km upstream of existing
Donkarayi Dam
23.2 Coordinates 17°57’42.84”N
81°51’10.96”E
23.3 Type Concrete Ogee Weir
23.4 Top elevation of concrete portion 310.5 m
23.5 Top elevation of Rubber Dam 316.0 m
(inflated)
23.6 Total Height of weir above deepest 31 m
foundation level
23.7 Length of the overflow portion at 1 no. block of 620 m
top
23.8 Length of non-overflow portion at 2 no. blocks of 62.0 m & 64.0 m
top
23.9 Avg. River bed level 288.0 m
23.10 Crest elevation 310.5 m
23.11 Deepest Foundation level 285.0 m
23.12 Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 316.0 m
(MDDL)
23.14 Design Flood 16500 cumecs
23.15 Gross Storage Capacity 1.7 TMC
24 POWER GENERATION
24.1 Installed Capacity 1350 MW (9 x 150)
24.2 Energy generation 3780 MU
25 TARIFF
25.1 First Year Tariff Rs. 5.93 per Unit

25.2 Levellised Tariff Rs. 4.95 per Unit

26 ESTIMATED COST OF
PROJECT INCLUDING IDC Rs. 11054.10 Crores.
WITH EXCALATION
27 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 60 Months

CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter.1: Introduction 1-i PFR

CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 General 1-1
1.1 Type of the Project 1-3
1.2 Location of Project Area 1-4
1.3 Access 1-6
1.4 General Climatic Condition in the Project Area 1-8
1.5 General Description of Topography, Physiography and Geology of 1-8
the Project Area
1.5.1 Topography and Physiography 1-8
1.5.2 Geology of Project Area 1-9
1.6 Historical Background of the Project 1-10
1.7 Need for the Project, Possible Options and Justification for Selected 1-14
Option
1.8 Alternatives Configurations 1-15
1.9 Natural Resources of the State/Region 1-20
1.10 Socio-Economic Aspects 1-22
1.11 Land required for the Project Construction 1-22
1.12 Population affected by the project 1-23
1.13 Environmental Aspects 1-23
1.14 Inter State / International Aspects 1-24
1.15 Defence Angle 1-24
1.16 Cost and Benefits of the Scheme 1-24
1.17 Construction Programme 1-25
Chapter.1: Introduction 1-i PFR

CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
1.0 GENERAL
The state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) is located in the southern part of India and forms a
major constituent of the southern grid. The Government of Andhra Pradesh was one
of the pioneer states to initiate the power sector reforms in 1998. Major electricity
generation happens through the thermal and the hydro power plants. The erstwhile
Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board (APSEB) was unbundled into three entities to
focus on the core operation of Power Generation (APGENCO), Power Transmission
(APTRANSCO) and Distribution (APDISCOMS). Significant amount of investments
were made for building up generation capacity, strengthening transmission and
distribution network, industrial feeder segregation, loss reduction and improving quality
of power supply.
As of 2014, bifurcated erstwhile

Andhra Pradesh into Telangana
and Andhra Pradesh, the total
generation capacity of Andhra
Pradesh is 8,307 MW as per power
allocation. Existing renewable
capacity is about 1,397 MW
(Wind - 777 MW, Solar - 77 MW,
Others - 543 MW).
As of December 2017, Andhra

Pradesh had a total installed power
generation capacity of 22,257.10
MW. Out of the 22,257.10 MW, state utilities contributed 6,367.75 MW, private utilities
contributed 13,904.48 MW & central utilities contributed 1,984.87 MW. With a
contribution of 13,857.80 MW, thermal power accounted for the highest share of the
Chapter.1: Introduction 1-1 PFR

overall installed power generation capacity of the state, followed by renewable energy
with a contribution of 6,598.43 MW.
The state has 10 hydro power projects under operation & 2 under construction.
Additionally, the state has 1 operational wind power project. World’s largest single-
location solar park is located in Kurnool district. The project entailed an investment of Rs
7,000 crore (US$ 1.08 billion) and is now fully operational.
In budget 2017-18, the state government announced plans to invest Rs 4,311 crore (US$
669.13 million) for the development of the energy sector in the state.
The government had approved setting up of 6 light-water nuclear reactors in the state in
2016. The nuclear reactors will be set up in Kovvada and will have a capacity of 1,208
MW each. As of January 2018, discussions with Westinghouse Electric Company are in
progress to arrive at a viable proposal.
During 2015-16, the aggregate technical & commercial losses declined to 10.29% as
compared to 11.81% in 2014-15.
Additionally, during the same period, the state government supplemented an additional
capacity of 2,290 MW of power in the state. The state government is targeting
development of an additional capacity of 4,800 MW within the coming 3 years.
As defined by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, pumped storage hydropower
is “a special type of hydropower development, in which pumped water rather than natural
stream flow provides the source of energy” (USACE, 1985). In general terms, pumped
storage hydropower is a technology that stores low-cost off-peak energy or excess or
unusable energy (perhaps generated from renewable energy sources) for later use. While
pumped storage hydropower projects are a net consumer of electricity, they provide
many useful power system operational benefits, including system storage capacity and
power grid ancillary services, which allow other types of electrical plants in the system to
operate more efficiently. From the 1960s to the 1980s, pumped storage hydropower
projects became popular in the United States and Japan as a way to meet fluctuating
power demands in conjunction with nuclear power plants, which are unable to adjust to
changing demands in a timely manner. As renewable energy sources are integrated onto

the power grid, pumped storage hydropower projects are again gaining international
recognition as an effective power storage technology. With the ever growing appeal of
renewable energy sources, wind and solar plants are being developed worldwide. Due to
the unpredictable and sometimes intermittent nature of wind and solar power, pumped
storage hydropower projects are a reliable fall back to compensate for the variability of
wind and solar power, and to store excess or unusable energy from renewable sources,
and therefore allow for the better integration of these types of renewable energy into the
power grid. The majority of modern pumped storage hydropower projects use reversible
pump/turbine units that act as both a pump and a turbine. Most projects in the United
States were built over 30 years ago, before adjustable speed units were available;
consequently, they have single speed units. Advancements in technology have resulted in
the development of adjustable speed units. Consequently, the majority of new pumped
storage hydropower projects utilize adjustable speed units.
The present Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project is proposed to be constructed on river
Sileru- a tributary of the major river in its own right of the Godavari River System. The
Godavari River has its origin in the Western Ghats of central India near Nashik in
Maharashtra, 80 km from the Arabian Sea. It flows for 1,465 km, first eastwards across
the Deccan Plateau then turns southeast, entering the West Godavari district and East
Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, until it splits into two distributaries that widen into
a large river delta and flow into the Bay of Bengal.
1.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT
A pumped storage hydropower project is typically comprised of an upper reservoir and

lower reservoir interconnected with a waterway, a powerhouse which contains
hydropower electrical mechanical equipment, and a transmission connection to the power
grid. In the traditional (or historical) mode of operation, inexpensive electricity (which is
typically available at night or on the weekends, when power demand is low) is used to
pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir Water stored in the upper
reservoir is then released during peak demand periods, delivering more valuable
electricity to the grid. With the introduction of renewable energy technologies the
operation of pumped storage hydropower facilities is being expanded to utilize excess
energy from renewable energy systems for later use during peak demand periods.

The Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project (“USPSHEP” and/or “Project”)
is located on Sileru River near Sileru village about 200 km from Visakhapatnam /
Rajahmundry. The project envisages re-utilisation of water of the Guntawada reservoir
which is presently being used for power generation at existing Hydro Electric Power
Station and surplus spilled from the reservoir. This water shall be stored in Donkarayi
reservoir located in the downstream side for reutilisation during pumping mode. The
Geographical coordinates of Guntawada reservoir are at longitude 82 0 02' 18'' East and
latitude is 180 03' 34'' North.
The existing Guntawada reservoir near Sileru village is the upper reservoir for the
proposed project. The dam is under operation with a live storage capacity of 3.108 TMC.
The existing Donkarayi reservoir near Donkarayi village will be the lower reservoir to
enable Upper Sileru PSP to operate as a peak station. The dam is under operation with a
live storage capacity of 13.30 TMC.
The project comprises about 2.764 km long head race tunnels (3 nos.) to a surface power
house and have an installed capacity of 1350 MW. Other components of the project
include approach channel, intake, Surge Shaft (2 nos.), underground Penstock and a Tail
Race Tunnel to discharge the flow back into Sileru River downstream of existing Upper
Sileru Hydro Electric Project Power House. The project also involves construction of a
24 m high weir near Villarti village for storage of water of about 1.50 TMC at about 7.5
km upstream of existing Donkarayi reservoir.
1.2 LOCATION OF PROJECT AREA
The proposed pumped storage project is located in Gudem Kotha Veedhi tehsil of district
Visakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The project is situated close to Sileru
village which is around 190 km from Visakhapatnam. The intake site is located at village
Sileru, which is about 1.50 km from existing Guntawada Dam on Sileru River. The
power house is located on the left bank of the Sileru River, which is about 2.50 km from
Sileru village. The coordinates of the proposed intake at the diversion site are latitude
18°3’3.62” N and longitude 82°2’17.53” E while that of the power house are latitude
18°1’57.60” N and longitude 82°1’15.23” E. Index map of USPSP is placed as Map 1.1
below.

Map 1.1 Index Map of Project Site

1.3 ACCESS
There is no direct connectivity by Rail or Air to the project site, whereas, the project site
can be reached by Road from various cities / towns / villages. The nearest well settled
towns are Rajahmundry and Visakhapatnam; both are around 200 km far from the project
site. Upper Sileru APSRTC Bus Station, Sileru APSRTC Bus Station, Donkarai
APSRTC Bus Station are the nearby by Bus Stations to Sileru. APSRTC runs Number of
busses from major cities to here.
To reach Sileru, two major approaches are available i.e. Visakhapatnam – Anakapalle –
Makavarapalem - Narsipatnam – Lammasingi – Chintapalle – Gudem Kotha Veedhi –
Sileru route (Refer Map 1.2) which is around 189 km from Visakhapatnam and another
route Rajahmundry – Korukonda – Rampachodavaram – Maredumilli – Guduru –
Mothugudem – Donkarayi – Villarti - Sileru which is around 200 km long. (Refer Map
1.3)
Map 1.2 Route Map from Visakhapatnam to Sileru

Map 1.3 Route Map from Rajahmundry to Sileru
Intake, Power House and TRC of the project can be accessed from Sileru – Donkarayi
road by taking the available bridal paths from Sileru, Pilligedda & Busikonda villages.
Approach roads shall have to be constructed to reach Power House, Surge Shafts and
other structures of the project during project development stage.

1.4 GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREA
It is hot and humid in summer (March to May). Gudem Kotha Veedhi summer highest
day temperature is in between 30°c to 41°c. Average temperatures of March is 27°C,
April is 30°C and May is 32°C. The air gets warmer towards the interior and cools down
in the hilly areas on account of elevation and vegetation. June to September is monsoon
season when the mandal receives heavy rainfall. Winters, continuing from December to
February, are quite pleasant with temperatures ranging from 18°C to 28°C.
1.5 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TOPOGRAPHY, PHYSIOGRAPHY AND

GEOLOGY OF THE PROJECT AREA
1.5.1 Topography and Physiography

The Project area is located in Gudem Kotha Veedi tehsil in Visakhapatnam district with
Visakhapatnam city as district HQ and this city is also widely known as “Financial
Capital” of the Andhra Pradesh. The district is one of the North Eastern Coastal districts
of Andhra Pradesh and it lies between 170 15' and 180 32' Northern latitude and 780 54'
and 830 30' in Eastern longitude. It is bounded on the North partly by the Odisha State
and partly by Vizianagaram District, on the South by East Godavari District, on the West
by Odisha State and on the East by Bay of Bengal.
Total area of Gudem Kotha Veedhi is 736 km² including 731.77 km² rural area and 3.77
km² urban area. Gudem Kotha Veedhi has a population of 63,174 peoples. There are
14,944 houses in the sub-district. There are about 167 villages in Gudem Kotha Veedhi
block.
The USPSP area is located in the flat terrain in some portions and thick forest in some
portions. The intake and Tail Race Channel areas are under flat terrain in general and
mostly covered with vegetation / agricultural lands. The rest of the project area is mainly
covered by overburden and dense forests with charnockitic rocks, streaky gneiss, granitic
gneiss and granulite group of rocks belonging to Eastern Ghats.

1.5.2 Geology of Project Area

As per preliminary study, following key observations are identified:
 The Guntawada reservoir comprises river valley flanked on the north by low
ridges of Daigalkonda range of hills and on the south by hillocks and gentle
lateral slopes of the Kappakonda range of hills.
 The ground level in the lowest portion of the dam site area is about 1,286 feet (El
392 m) above the mean sea level while some of the hillocks in the immediate
neighbourhood of the river banks rise to over 1,800 feet (El 549m).
 The general trend of the valley drained by the Sileru is N.E.-S.W., following the
major foliation trend of the rocks of the Eastern.
 The Sileru dam site area forms a part of the Eastern Ghats region where the
khondalite suite of rocks and charnockite are the two dominant groups of rocks
constituting high mountain ranges with the regional strike in N.E.-S.W, direction
and the dip of foliation generally to the southeast.
 The khondalite suite of rocks shows great diversity in mineralogical composition
and texture. They are fine to medium grained rocks, with highly foliated structure
to gneissic banding. In mineralogical composition they differ greatly in the
relative proportion of sillimanite, garnet, graphite and biotite.
 Charnockite are fine to medium grained, granulitic rocks of light to dark grey in
colour and they are distinguished from other rock types by the presence of
hypersthene. Prom the point of engineering construction, charnockite offer
greater resistance to erosion and possess greater bearing strength than the
khondalite suite of rocks. The chief rock type exposed in the dam site is the
garnetiferous gneiss grouped under the khondalite suite of rocks and it contains
less sillimanite and occasionally also graphite. This gneiss is inter-banded with
charnockite, magnetite quartzite and basic granulite.
 The area encompassed by the project falls in zone II of the seismic Zoning Map
of India (IS 1893 – 2016).
Project area is covered with thick top soil / overburden (appears to be varying between
10 to 20 m depth) except few outcrops at very few places near weir of Guntawada
reservoir, and proposed location for portal for Main Access Tunnel (MAT) required for
excavation of underground powerhouse, transformer caverns. Outcrop was observed at

road level near weir site viz. El ±418 m and at El ±390m in the energy dissipation
structure just downstream of the existing Guntawada weir. Detailed geological and
geotechnical investigations has been carried out to confirm the suitability of project
alignment for PFR preparation.
1.6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
(i) Earlier proposal
Government of Andhra Pradesh has resolved to harness the hydropower potential of the
State as its central strategy for taking the State on a path of accelerated economic
development. With this objective, a feasibility report (FR) was prepared in the year 2017
through the consultant M/s Aarvee Associates, Hyderabad, APGENCO desired to bring
out a PFR after carrying out topographical survey & investigations, relevant studies etc.
WAPCOS Limited (WAPCOS), thereafter, was assigned to prepare the PFR and DPR
with allied activities in terms of reference / scope of works vide APGENCO LOI no.
CE/C/Hydel,GS,C&I/SE/C/Hyd-1, C&I/F.SLR PSP/D.No. 121/18 dated 29th March
2018 with utilization of Guntawada reservoir as the Upper Reservoir.
As per earlier FR studies, the pumped storage plant with an underground powerhouse,
will be located in the adjoining area of the existing Guntawada reservoir. The power
plant shall be equipped with six vertical axis reversible type hydroelectric units
composed each of a generator/motor and a turbine/pump each having
generating/pumping capacity of 150MW/171MW. Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) will
be provided in separate underground cavern suitably located nearby area of the Machine
Hall. Step up transformers will also be placed in the same Cavern, which will be
connected by bus duct galleries to machine hall.
2 no’s 400 kV double circuit transmission system shall be used by the plant, for
evacuation of generated Power and for Supply of power during pumping mode which
will be connected to Vemagiri and Visakhapatnam 400KV substations.
The Upper Sileru pumped Storage Project envisages construction of
 175m (W) X 150m (L) long approach channel

 6 no’s, 216.42m long and 6.0m dia penstock tunnel & pressure shaft, each for one
unit
 An underground Power house having an installation of 6 nos. reversible Francis
turbine each of 150 MW capacities operating under a rated head of 97.14 m in
generating mode and 107.88 m in pumping mode.
 25 m wide typical Tail Tunnel Surge Chamber accommodating Draft tube gates
 2 no’s, 5000m long and 12.0m dia tail race tunnel connecting to tail race channel to
carry the power house releases back to the D/s reservoir.
 An ungated weir in Donkarayi reservoir at Ch. 11.75 km (upstream of Donkarayi
reservoir) for temporary storage of 1 TMC of re-utilizable water for USPSP.
 Transformer Hall equipped with 18 no’s 1 phase 70MVA step up/step down
transformer and GIS.
(ii) Present proposal
In March 2018, APGENCO engaged WAPCOS as a consultant for studying the project
further and for getting the PFR/DPR prepared for the project. As part of this exercise,
extensive survey and investigation works have been carried out to study the project in
detail and identify the best project development alternative. The project being envisaged
with installed capacity of 1350 MW.
The main features of the project components are as follows:
 Proposed site for Intake Structure and underground powerhouse is within pondage
area of Guntawada reservoir. Inspection / Investigation of area around the proposed
intake location did not indicate presence of bed rock in the exposed area. Exposed
bed rock was observed about 1000 m away from intake location in the area
downstream of spillway of main Guntawada dam at El + 388 m. An appropriate
construction planning needs to be developed along with design of a suitable coffer
dam to facilitate construction of intake and penstock tunnels within Guntawada
reservoir.

Proposed location of Intake in Guntawada Reservoir
 Proposed location of underground powerhouse, transformer cavern is prone to

seepage of water due its proximity to Guntawada reservoir. The deepest foundation
level in underground powerhouse is more than 150 m below the FRL of Guntawada
reservoir and this can cause severe seepage problems during powerhouse
excavation as well as during operation of the project.
 Location of underground powerhouse and surge pool is very close to Sileru town
and project colony of APGENCO. Residents around the project location will feel
the vibrations during blasting for excavation of underground structures below the
town and colony.
 Access to underground powerhouse requires construction of about 1400 m long
Main Access Tunnel and thereby involving longer time for geological investigation
as well as longer construction period.

Proposed location of Power House
 Proposed location of a weir for storage of 1.5 TMC of water within Donkarayi
reservoir has been reviewed. Adequate construction planning of the weir within
Donkarayi reservoir within available construction period is needed and appears a
very difficult task if not unfeasible.
Proposed location of Weir in Donkarayi Reservoir
 Entire project area is covered with top soil with very few rock exposures. However,
competent rock is exposed at the proposed portal for Main Access Tunnel (to
powerhouse cavern).

1.7 NEED FOR THE PROJECT, POSSIBLE OPTIONS AND JUSTIFICATION FOR
SELECTED OPTION
As per CEA, Hydro share as on 31.03.2017 is
Andhra Pradesh 8.55%
All India 13.61%
It would be seen from above, hydro share of Andhra Pradesh state is lesser than All India
share. It shows the power system demands for more power generation projects such as
hydro power, pumped storage scheme etc. in order to meet the peak demand.
Pumped hydroelectric storage facilities store energy in the form of water in an upper
reservoir, pumped from another reservoir at a lower elevation. During periods of high
electricity demand, power is generated by releasing the stored water through turbines in
the same manner as a conventional hydropower station. During periods of low demand
(usually nights or weekends when electricity is also lower cost), the upper reservoir is
recharged by using lower-cost electricity from the grid to pump the water back to the
upper reservoir. Reversible pump-turbine/motor-generator assemblies can act as both
pumps and turbines. Pumped storage stations are unlike traditional hydroelectric stations
in that they are a net consumer of electricity, due to hydraulic and electrical losses
incurred in the cycle of pumping from lower to upper reservoirs. However, these plants
are typically highly efficient and can prove very beneficial in terms of balancing load
within the overall power system. Pumped-storage facilities can be very economical due
to peak and off-peak price differentials and their potential to provide critical ancillary
grid services.
It is in this context, the development of hydropower in Andhra Pradesh state will not only
benefit the state but also meet the power requirements of the neighboring states and
Southern region of the country. The development of Upper Sileru Pumped Storage
Project is a step in the direction of achieving the demands of the state.
The proposed Upper Sileru PSP is needed for improving the share of hydropower in
overall power supply and to bridge the gap between the power demand and supply at the

regional level. It is also the more environment friendly and sustainable option when
compared with a thermal alternative, the potential for which is non-existent in the state.
1.8 ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATIONS
Upon review of project layout as proposed in FR, it is foreseen that investigation for PFR
preparation are likely to take about 18 to 24 months’ time due to requirement for
constructing a drift to proposed powerhouse location for assessing its geological
condition. Also, as discussed earlier, a longer construction period of 6 years will be
required with this layout as the project envisages a 1400 m long main access tunnel for
approach to underground powerhouse. With the objective of optimising the investigation
time requirement as well as shorter construction period, three alternative layouts have
been studied based on available data and interpretation of topographical data from
Google maps and Survey of India Toposheets. Description of the three alternatives is
given below:
 Alternative-1: Alignment of water conductor system as proposed in FR but with

surface powerhouse located about 3000m from upper intake.
 Alternative-2: Project aligned towards left of Alternative 1 layout with HRT
aligned towards APGENCO guesthouse/ hill side and planning a surface
powerhouse located about 3600 m downstream of approach channel and open to
sky surge shafts.
 Alternative-3: Project aligned towards right of Alternative 1 with Intake located
towards Guntawada weir and suitably aligning Water Conductor System/ Tunnels
and planning a surface powerhouse located about 4500m downstream of approach
channel and open to sky surge shafts.
The layout plan of all three alternatives is shown in Drawing No. 1.2 attached with this
chapter. Salient features of all the alternatives are tabulated below:
Length (m)
Component
ALT-1 ALT-2A ALT-3
Approach Channel 138 193 148
Headrace Tunnel 2764 3031 3959

Pressure Shaft 392 392 392

Draft Tube 78 209 209
Tailrace Tunnel 2486 2314 2360
Total 5858 6139 7068
In Alternative 1, alignment and length of water conductor system has been kept identical
to the alignment adopted. However, in place of underground powerhouse, transformer
cavern and surge pool, a surface powerhouse with open to sky upstream and downstream
surge pools is proposed. The powerhouse is proposed about 3325m downstream of intake
location. In place of underground transformer cavern, a surface switchyard is proposed.
Suitable adits for excavation of HRT, TRT, upstream and downstream surge pools and
powerhouse will be required. Powerhouse excavation is expected to extend up to depth of
80m below natural ground level and will need adequate rock support planning. Total
length of water conductor system in this alternative is 5858 m and is least but suitable
rock cover is not available to support HRTs, TRTs and other structures.
In Alternative-2, approach channel is proposed close to the location in alternative 1 but

with a length of about 193 m is envisaged as against approach channel length of about
123 m in Alternative-1. It is anticipated that good geological condition for locating Intake
site will be available at the end of approach channel in this alternative. Also, this layout
provides adequate and safe rock cover for HRT although the length of HRT will be
longer by about 570 m. This alternative also provides suitable location of upstream and
downstream surge shafts as well as Surface Power House at Ch 3600 m from approach
channel. This alternative also involves about 692 m longer Water Conductor System in
comparison to Alt-1 including 70 m longer approach channel, 572 m longer HRT and 50
m longer TRT.
In Alternative-3, approach channel is proposed in between the spillway of main dam and
head regulator of existing power house. Approach channel length of 148 m is proposed
followed by 3959 m long HRT and 2360 m long TRT. The total length of water
conductor system in this alternative is about 7068 m. This alternative involves about
1621 m longer Water Conductor System in comparison to Alt-1 including 25 m longer

approach channel, 1500 m longer HRT and 96 m longer TRT. Availability of adequate
rock cover for a part of HRT length exists based on the detailed topographic survey
carried out in this area. In this alternative, the TRT will pass below the tailrace channel of
existing powerhouse and adequate rock cover is available at the crossing based on
topographical survey and geological investigation.
Out of above alternatives, Alternative 3 has longest water conductor system and also the
TRT will pass below the tailrace channel of existing project. Therefore, this alternative is
not considered suitable for development of Upper Sileru PSP. Water Conductor system
of Alternative 2 is longer than Alternative 1 by about 692 m. Alternatives 2 have the
advantage of availability of adequate rock cover along entire length of water conductor
system as well as availability of favourable geological condition for HRT excavation.
Alternative - 2 has the shortest water conductor system compared to Alternate-3 and with
suitable rock cover is available along the proposed water conductor system. Accordingly,
Alternative 2 is proposed to be adopted for further development and for planning of
geological investigation. Project layout as per Alternative 2 has been optimized with
respect to hydraulic, geological and structural stability.
A brief description of the project components along the proposed layout in Alternative 2
is given in subsequent paragraphs:
Approach Channel
About 138 m long approach channel shall be designed to feed required quantum of water
to three nos of intake tunnels. Bed level of approach channel shall be kept at El + 405 m
based on required water cushion for intake tunnels. Suitable ramp from river bed level to
bottom of intake tunnels shall be provided. Suitable cofferdam shall be designed to
facilitate construction of approach channel and intake structure.
Intake Structure
Intake structure shall be designed to draw required quantity of water through three
headrace tunnels of 12 m diameter each in place of six penstock tunnels as proposed in
FR. Provision for trashrack and gates shall be made in intake structure. The location of
intake structure was optimised based on results of geological investigation.
Headrace Tunnels

Based on present pumped storage plant capacity of 1350 MW, three HRTs each of 12 m
finished diameter and about 2764 m length are proposed from downstream of Intake till
upstream Surge shaft. The three HRTs are separated by a distance of 63 m. The proposed
alignment of HRT has sufficient rock cover based on the topographical survey &
geotechnical investigations carried out.
Upstream Surge Shaft
An open to sky upstream Surge shaft is proposed about 2764 m downstream of intake
location. Bottom of surge shaft is proposed at El 362.0 m and the top of surge shaft is
proposed at El 425.0 m. Depending on availability of natural ground elevation, about 10-
15 m of upstream surge shaft may have to be kept above ground level. Nine no’s pressure
shaft of 6 m diameter each take off from surge shaft to feed nine Francis turbine
machines located in powerhouse. Tentative size of upstream surge pool is adopted as 150
m x 40 m. The option of providing individual surge pool for each HRT needs to be
explored as this will provide greater flexibility in project construction and maintenance.
Powerhouse and Switchyard/ transformer yard
A surface powerhouse with deepest excavation level at El 262.0 m, service bay at El
295.0 m and centre line of pump/turbine at El 281.0 m is proposed about 392 m
downstream of upstream surge shaft. Powerhouse will have nine pumps cum turbine of
150 MW each. Width of powerhouse is proposed as 25 m and total length of about 205
m. From powerhouse, bus duct shafts are proposed to evacuate / supply power from / to
surface switchyard. Transformers are also proposed to be kept at ground level.
Downstream Surge shaft
The downstream surge shaft is proposed to be located about 78 m downstream of
powerhouse. Nine no’s of draft tube tunnels enter in to the downstream surge shaft and
three no’s tailrace tunnels of 12 m diameter take off from the downstream surge shaft.
Bottom elevation of surge pool is proposed at El 284 m and top of surge shaft is
proposed at El 340 m i.e. near the existing ground level. Dimension of surge shaft shall
be similar to upstream surge pool and shall be verified based on detailed transient
studies.
Tailrace Tunnels

3 nos. of tailrace tunnels each of 12 m diameter are proposed from downstream surge
shaft up to outlet structure located near Donkarayi reservoir. The length of tailrace tunnel
in the revised layout is reduced from 4937 m to about 2486 m.
Outlet Structure near Sileru River/ Donkarayi reservoir
This structure as proposed in FR has been retained for this report. The details of outlet
structure has been reviewed and found feasible based on available detailed site specific
parameters relating to topography and geology/ geotechnical characteristics.
Weir in Donkarayi Reservoir
About 749 m long weir having maximum height of about 31 m is proposed within
Donkarayi reservoir at a distance of about 7.2 km upstream of Donkarayi diversion
structure. Crest of this weir is proposed at EL 310.50 m and FRL is proposed at EL 316
m to pass the design flood with a rubber dam on top of the weir. MDDL at the weir is
considered at EL 310.5 m while the average river bed level at this location is at EL 288
m. At this weir, gross storage of about 1.5 TMC is proposed for re-utilisation of water for
Upper Sileru PSP. Construction of such a structure within an existing reservoir poses a
great challenge. Further, in case of occurrence of design flood during the construction
period of this weir, the flood level is likely to exceed the proposed maximum water level
of 316 m. The capacity of water storage could also reduce over time due to siltation in
the pondage area of this weir.
Coffer Dams and Temporary River Diversion Arrangement

No construction methodology is evolved in FR hence the same has been considered
while preparing this PFR. To facilitate construction of approach channel and intake
structure in Guntawada reservoir and outlet structure and weir in downstream Donkarayi
reservoir, suitable Coffer dam has been proposed to isolate the construction area from
river/ reservoir.
1.9 NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE STATE/REGION
Water Resources:
The state of Andhra Pradesh is blessed with about 40 major and medium rivers out of
which Godavari, Krishna and Pennar rivers contribute to the major chunk of the surface

waters. The state has about 40000 minor irrigation sources spread over the thirteen
districts.
Agriculture:
Agriculture is the main source of occupation of the state. Rice is the major crop and
staple food of the state and contributing about 80% to 85% of the total food-grain
production of the state. The state is surplus in rice production. Other important crops are
Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Ragi, Small Millets, Pulses, Castor, Tobacco, Cotton, Sugarcane,
Groundnut and Banana. The state accounts for about 55% of the country's entire
production of castor and 94% of Virginia tobacco. Important forests products are teak,
eucalyptus, cashew, casuarina, bamboo, soft wood, etc.
Mines & Minerals:

Andhra Pradesh is enriched with various minerals. It stands second in deposits of
minerals of strategic importance and sixth with regard to their valued produced. This
state has the largest deposit of quality chrysolite asbestos in the country. It accounts 93%
of the India's total production of barites. This state ranks sixth in the production of
manganese ore, second in mica and limestone production. The Singareni Coal Mines
supply coal to the entire south India located in Andhra Pradesh. Other important minerals
founds in the state are copper ore, bauxite, iron ore, lead-zinc, tungsten, diamond,
graphite, kaolin, Phosphate minerals, kyanite and sillimanite, calcite, zircon, corundum,
etc.
The District has mineral deposits of Bauxite Apatite (Rock Phosphate) Calcite,
Crystaline limestone confined to tribal tracts. Bauxite deposits at Sapparla, Jerrila and
Gudem of G.K.Veedhi Mandal are considered to be the largest in the country. Bauxite
deposits are also identified at Galikonda, Katuki, Chittemgodndi of Araku group
deposits, Katamrajukonda of Gurthedu sub-group of deposits. Phosphate Apatite is
available in Kasipatnam village of Ananthagiri mandal. Rich deposits of Crystaline
limestone and Calcite are mapped in Borra Caves and along the Valley up to Araku from
Borra and around Valasi village of Ananthagiri mandal. Ruby Mica is another mineral

available in the District essential for electrical and electronic industries. The mineral
occurs in the form of Phologopite and is confined to Borra tract.
Quartz is another mineral found mostly in Bheemunipatnam, Padmanabham, Devarapalli,
K.Kotapadu and Ananthagiri mandals. Vermiculate found near Kasipatnam of
Ananthagiri mandal. Clay deposits near Malivalasa of Araku mandal are identified.
Limeshell useful for manufacture of chemical grade lime is also available in the district.
Red and Yellow ochre deposits are also identified in Araku and Ananthagiri mandals.
Power:
The major power projects of the state are-the Nagarjunasagar and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Sagar (Srisailam Hydel Project), Upper Sileru, Lower Sileru, Tungabhadra Hydel
Projects and Nellore, Ramagundam, Kothagudem, Vijayawada and Muddanur thermal
projects. Main Hydel power generation projects are Srisailam Hydro Electric Project
(installed capacity of 770 MW) and Nagarjunasagar Complex (installed capacity of 960
MW), whereas Vijayawada Thermal Power Station and Kothagudem Thermal Power
Station are the main source of thermal power generation with installed capacity of 1260
MW and 1180 MW respectively. Simhadri Thermal Power Station with installed capacity
of 1000 MW aims at supplying the entire power generated to the state.
1.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Gudem Kotha Veedhi Mandal of Visakhapatnam district has total population of 63,174
and has a population density of 67 inhabitants as per square kilometre as per the Census
2011. Out of which 30,486 are males while 32,688 are females. In 2011 there were total
14,944 families residing in Gudem Kotha Veedhi Mandal. The Average Sex Ratio of
Gudem Kotha Veedhi Mandal is 1,072.
Religion-wise Population - Gudem Kotha Veedhi Mandal

Religion Total Male Female
Hindu 60,446 (95.68%) 29,108 31,338
Muslim 527 (0.83%) 249 278
Christian 1,819 (2.88%) 952 867
Sikh 8 (0.01%) 1 7

Buddhist 15 (0.02%) 8 7
Jain 17 (0.03%) 12 5
Other Religion 5 (0.01%) 3 2
No Religion Specified 337 (0.53%) 153 184
1.11 LAND REQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION

Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project as envisaged is purely a pumped storage scheme
without having any significant storage except downstream pondage upto EL 316.0 m to
facilitate pumping of water into the upper reservoir through water conveyance system.
Thus the land requirement for the project shall be limited for accommodating different
project components and other allied works & tentative requirement is indicated in the
following table.
Land Required for various Project Appurtenances
Sl. Description Quantity (Ha)
No. Govt. Pvt. Forest
1. Land for accommodating structures
a. Weir/Cofferdam
b. HRT including Adits
c. Approach Channel / Intake
d. Power House Complex /
Switchyard 30 - 120
e. Pressure shaft, surge shaft and Tail
Race Tunnel etc.
f. Approach roads to various
components of project and access
to construction facilities
2. Construction Facilities
a. Workshop/Camps/Offices/Stores
b. Aggregate Quarry / Crusher - 260
c. Aggregate Stock Yard / Batching -
Plant
d. Muck Disposal
Total 30 - 380

1.12 POPULATION AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT
The major project components are underground structures. There is no settlement in the
project area that is where the intake and other permanent project works will be located.
As such no population is affected by the project. As per information available till date, all
the land in the project area belongs to the local farmers, state government and forest
department.
1.13 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

The consideration of environmental aspects is to ensure that the project under
consideration is environment friendly that is it does not adversely affect the natural flora
and fauna and provides for the minimum environmental flow. The FRL of the weir is
fixed keeping in view the minimum pondage that is necessary for daily peaking
operations during the lean flow season. No storage is provided for regulation of monthly
or seasonal flow. The project thus not involves any submergence and is not expected to
have a major impact on this account. The environmental flow requirements are
considered in calculations of power and energy production. The requirement of land for
the project purposes is also minimal because of Power House and Surge Shafts are under
forest area and HRT & TRT are being underground structures. An Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) for the project has been carried out and details are given in respective
chapter.
1.14 INTER STATE / INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS
Sileru River on which the project components are located is a tributary of Sabari River. It
originates in Andhra Pradesh and also flows through Odisha before merging with Sabari.
Sileru (known as Machkund in its upper reaches) river joins Sabari river tri-junction
boundary point of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
The USPSP project components are located well in the state of Andhra Pradesh and there
is no impact on other states due to construction of this pumped storage project. As such,
there is no interstate boundary passing through its project components. Therefore, no
interstate aspects are involved in this project. It is worth mentioning here that, there is an
existing Donkarayi reservoir on which the weir is proposed for storage of about 1.5 TMC

for the pumped storage project with the same FRL of +316 m as of Donkarayi Dam
which is already exists. Thus, the present project for hydropower development does not
involve any flow regulation or diversion out of the river for consumptive use. Some more
details about the aforesaid agreement are given in chapter on Interstate / International
Aspects.
1.15 DEFENCE ANGLE

There is no international boarder & sea coast near the project location / area; as such no
defence angle is involved.
1.16 COST AND BENEFITS OF THE SCHEME

The total estimated cost of the project including direct and indirect charges including
ICD with escalation is Rs. 11054.10 Crores. For an installed capacity of 1350 MW, the
cost per MW of installed capacity works out to be Rs. 6.27 Crores. The estimated design
energy of the plant is 3780 MU for 8 hr/day during a year.
1.17 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

The Project is proposed to be completed within a time span of 60 months (Sixty Months).
Activity wise tentative construction schedule has been discussed in Chapter Construction
Programming & Plant Equipments.

CHAPTER-II
JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
Chapter.2: Justification of Project 2-i PFR

CHAPTER-II
JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT FROM POWER SUPPLY ANGLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1 Justification of Project 2-1
2.2 Power Evacuation Arrangement 2-6
2.3 Power Resources of the State 2-7
2.4 Existing Generating Capacity in the State 2-7
2.5 Peak Power and Energy Requirement in Future (up to likely 2-9
date of project completion)
2.5.1 Actual Power and Energy Supply Position 2-9
2.5.2 Forecast of Power Demand and Supply 2-10
2.6 Generation Capacity in Future in all India/State/Level 2-16
2.6.1 Demand and Supply Scenario at the end of 11th Plan 2-16
2.6.2 Demand and Supply Scenario at the end of 12th Plan 2-16
Chapter.2: Justification of Project 2-i PFR

CHAPTER-II
JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT FROM POWER SUPPLY ANGLE
2.1 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT

Demand for power at the country level is growing at an average annual rate of about
9 per cent even as the generating capacity has increased from a mere 1,362 MW in 1947
to more than 3,50,000 MW by November 2018. The per Thermal
Hydro
capita consumption of electricity has gone up from less
Other
than 16 kWh to over 1149 kWh in the same period. The
16%
total installed capacity as on November 2018 stood at
14%
3,46,620 MW with thermal power accounting for
70%
approx. 69.5%, hydropower for 14.2% and nuclear
power and other renewable sources including wind
power for remaining 16.3% (The All India distribution
by type is shown in the adjoining Pie chart). The regional distribution of the present
capacity of power generation is as shown in the following table.
Table 2.1 Distribution of power generating capacity by source and region (in Mega
Watts)
(As on 30.11.2018)
Mode wise breakup Grand
S. Thermal Nuclear Hydro RES * Total
Region
No.
Coal Lignite Gas Diesel Total (MNRE)
Northern
1 Region 49700.2 1580 5781.3 0 57061.5 1620 19707.8 13633.9 92023.14
Western
2 Region 70328.62 1540 10806 0 82675.1 1840 7547.5 21024.2 113086.79
Southern
3 Region 42542.02 3240 6473.7 761.58 53017.3 3320 11774.8 35971.1 104083.16
Eastern
4 Region 27201.64 0 100 0 27301.6 0 4942.12 1083.64 33327.4
North
5 Eastern 520.02 0 1775.8 36 2331.83 0 1427 287.45 4046.28
Region
Islands
6 0 0 0 40.05 40.05 0 0 12.56 52.61
ALL
7 INDIA 190292.5 6360 24937 837.63 222427 6780 45399.2 72012.8 346619.37
The limited coal resources and difficult oil position all over the world and
Chapter.2: Justification of Project 2-1 PFR

environmental concerns necessitate that electric power generation be aimed to achieve

a sustainable development and a mix of 40:60 between the hydro and thermal
generation of power, as against the existing 14:70 ratio in India. The proportion of
hydropower generation thus needs to be pushed to at least 30 percent in short term
and 40 percent in long term.
Table 2.2 depicts the present status of hydropower development at the country and
state/region level. While in most developed countries, major portion of this non-
polluting & environment friendly source of power generation is already exploited, in
India status of development of hydro potential remains rather poor in comparison. As
will be shown from this data, the southern Region have very low potential of which
about 32 percent is yet to be utilized and Andhra Pradesh State in particular has
exhausted all of its hydro-electric potential as of date.
Table-2.2: Status of Hydro- Electric Potential Development as on 30.11.2018

Identified Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity In Capacity yet
as per reassessment In Operation Under Operation + to be taken
study Construction Under up under
Region/ State Construction construction
Total Above 25 (MW) % (MW) (%) (MW) (%) (MW) %
(MW) MW
(MW)
NORTHERN
Jammu & 14146 13543 3449 25.47 1935.5 14.29 5384.5 39.76 8158.5 60.24
Kashmir
Himachal 18820 18540 9809 52.91 1885 10.17 11694 63.07 6846 36.93
Pradesh
Punjab 971 971 1096.3 100 206 21.22 1302.3 100 0 0
Haryana 64 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rajasthan 496 483 411 85.09 0 0 411 100 0 0
Uttarakhand 18175 17998 3756.4 20.87 1490 8.28 5246.4 29.15 12751.7 70.85
Uttar Pradesh 723 664 501.6 75.54 0 0 501.6 75.54 39 5.87
Sub Total (NR) 53395 52263 19023.3 36.4 5516.5 10.56 24539.8 46.95 27723.2 53.05
WESTERN
Madhya 2243 1970 2235 100 400 20.3 2635 100 0 0
Pradesh.
Chhattisgarh 2242 2202 120 5.45 0 0 120 5.45 2082 94.55
Gujarat 619 590 550 100 0 0 550 100 0 0
Maharashtra 3769 3314 2647 79.87 0 0 2647 79.87 667 20.13
Goa 55 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 100
Subtotal (WR) 8928 8131 5552 68.28 400 4.92 5952 73.2 2179 26.8
SOUTHERN
Andhra Pradesh 2366 2341 1610 68.77 960 41.01 2570 109.78 0 0
Telangana 2058 2019 800 39.62 0 0 800 39.62 1219 60.38
Karnataka 6602 6459 3644.2 56.42 0 0 3644.2 56.42 2814.8 43.58
Kerala 3514 3378 1856.5 54.96 100 2.96 1956.5 57.92 1421.5 42.08

Identified Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity In Capacity yet

as per reassessment In Operation Under Operation + to be taken
study Construction Under up under
Region/ State Construction construction
Total Above 25 (MW) % (MW) (%) (MW) (%) (MW) %
(MW) MW
(MW)
Tamilnadu 1918 1693 1778.2 100 0 0 1778.2 100 0 0
Sub Total (SR) 16458 15890 9688.9 60.97 1060 6.67 10748.9 67.65 5141.1 32.35
EASTERN
Jharkhand 753 582 170 29.21 0 0 170 29.21 412 70.79
Bihar 70 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Odisha 2999 2981 2142.3 71.86 0 0 2142.3 71.86 838.8 28.14
West Bengal 2841 2829 441.2 15.6 120 4.24 561.2 19.84 2267.8 80.16
Sikkim 4286 4248 2169 51.06 1133 26.67 3302 77.73 946 22.27
Sub Total (ER) 10949 10680 4922.5 46.09 1253 11.73 6175.5 57.82 4504.6 42.18
NORTH
EASTERN
Meghalaya 2394 2298 322 14.01 0 0 322 14.01 1976 85.99
Tripura 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Manipur 1784 1761 105 5.96 0 0 105 5.96 1656 94.04
Assam 680 650 350 53.85 0 0 350 53.85 300 46.15
Nagaland 1574 1452 75 5.17 0 0 75 5.17 1377 94.83
Arunachal Pd 50328 50064 515 1.03 2744 5.48 3259 6.51 46805 93.49
Mizoram 2196 2131 60 2.82 0 0 60 2.82 2071 97.18
Sub Total 58971 58356 1427 2.45 2744 4.7 4171 7.15 54185 92.85
(NER)
ALL INDIA 148701 145320 40613.6 27.95 10973.5 7.55 51587.1 35.5 93732.9 64.5
(Source: CEA)
The need for implementing new hydroelectric schemes in the region for providing
peak power besides energy at competitive rates therefore needs no further emphasis.
While many forms of energy storage systems have been installed globally, Pumped
Storage Plants (PSP) are playing an increasingly important role in providing peaking
power and maintaining system stability in the power system of many countries.
Pumped storage technology is the long term technically proven, cost effective,
highly efficient and operationally flexible way of energy storage on a large scale to
store intermittent and variant energy generated by solar and wind.
Pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), is a type of hydroelectric energy

storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. The method stores energy
in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation
reservoir to a higher elevation. Low-cost surplus off-peak electric power is typically
used to run the pumps. During periods of high electrical demand, the stored water is
released through turbines to produce electric power. Although the losses of the

pumping process makes the plant a net consumer of energy overall, the system
increases revenue by selling more electricity during periods of peak demand, when
electricity prices are highest.
PSPs improve overall economy of power system operation, increase capacity

utilization of thermal stations and reduce operational problems of thermal stations
during light load period. The other advantages of pumped storage development are
availability of spinning reserve at almost no cost to the system and regulating
frequency to meet sudden load changes in the network. PSPs have the ability to
provide ancillary benefits such as flexible capacity, voltage support and Black- start
facility etc. Pumped storage technology has advanced significantly since its original
introduction and now includes adjustable speed pumped turbines which can quickly
shift from motor, to generator, to synchronous condenser modes, for easier and more
flexible operation of the Grid. Pumped-storage hydroelectricity allows energy from
intermittent sources (such as solar, wind) and other renewables, or excess electricity
from continuous base-load sources (such as coal or nuclear) to be saved for periods
of higher demand. The reservoirs used with pumped storage are quite small when
compared to conventional hydroelectric dams of similar power capacity, and
generating periods are often less than half a day.
Out of 96,524 MW of pumped storage potential identified in India by CEA at 63

sites, at present 9 pumped storage schemes with aggregate installed capacity of 4,786
MW are in operation out of which only 5 Nos. plants with aggregate installed
capacity of 2,600 MW are being operated in pumping mode. The remaining 4 Nos.
plants with an installed capacity of about 2,200 MW are not operating in pumping
mode mainly because the 2 nd reservoir is either under construction or the same has
not been constructed. Efforts should be made to complete and operationalize the
pump storage projects not running in PSP mode by resolving the issues. The pumped
storage schemes in India is tabulated below:

S.No. SCHEMES INSTALLED PUMPING REMARKS

CAPACITY MODE
No. of units x MW
Unit
size(MW)
A. SCHEMES IN OPERATION
1 Kadana St. I&II - Guj. 2x60+2x60 240 Not working CKD Blanksko(OEM) has
submitted
the offer for rectification of
the problem
2 Nagarjuna Sagar - 7x100.80 705.60 working
Telangana
3 Kadamparai - T.N. 4x100 400 Working
4 Panchet Hill - DVC 1x40 40 Not working Tail pool dam not
constructed. It has
been decided not to operate
project in pumping mode
due to land
acquisition issues of Lower
Reservoir.
5 Bhira - Mah. 1x150 150 Working
6 Srisailam LBPH - 6x150 900 Working

Telangana
7 Sardar Sarovar - Guj. 6x200 1200 Not working Tail pool dam under
construction.
Likely to be completed by
Oct’2018.
8 Purlia PSS - W.B. 4x225 900 Working
9 Ghatgar - Mah. 2x125 250 Working
Total 4785.6
B. SCHEMES UNDER CONSTRUCTION
1 Tehri St.-II - 4x250 1000 Likely commissioning by

Uttarakhand 2020-21
2 Koyna Left Bank - Mah. 2x40 80 Likely commissioning by
2019-20#
3 Kundah Pump Storage 1 x 125 125 Likely commissioning by
Phase I- T. N 2022-23
Total 1205
C. DPR CONCURRED BY CEA
1. Turga PSS –W.B. 4x250 1000 EC & FC obtained.

Construction will
start shortly.
Total 1000
D. SCHEMES UNDER SURVEY & INVESTIGATION
1 Upper Indravati-Odisha 600

S.No. SCHEMES INSTALLED PUMPING REMARKS

CAPACITY MODE
No. of units x MW
Unit
size(MW)
2 Upper Kolab-Odisha 320
3 Sharavathy-Karnataka 2000
Total 2920
Given the day by day increasing demand for power all over India, and the thrust on
the development of Pumped Storage hydropower to meet the peak power
requirements, the proposed Upper Sileru pumped Storage hydroelectric project in
Andhra Pradesh will not only benefit the state but will go a long way to meet the
overall power and mix requirements at the country level, especially the Southern Region
of the country.
Though the state is presently more or less sufficient in its electrical power/energy
generation to meet its own requirement, there is an urgent need to make up for the
peaking demand which is going to grow in the near future by harnessing its huge
untapped hydro power potential by developing new pumped hydro-electric projects, in
larger interest of the country and the regional power requirements in general and with
the specific purpose of the overall economic well-being of the people of the state. The
development of Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project has been taken
up in the direction of achieving the above goals.
2.2 POWER EVACUATION ARRANGEMENT

The Government of Andhra Pradesh proposes development of a transmission system
to evacuate power from existing and new hydropower plants in the state of Andhra
Pradesh in order to meet the objective of 24x7 uninterrupted power supply. Andhra
Pradesh Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGENCO) is the Project
Executing Agency, and the Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited
(APTRANSCO, the state transmission company) will be the other implementing
agencies.
The most feasible option for power evacuation is to establish 4 nos 400KV circuits
which are to be transmitted through 2 nos 400KV D/C transmission lines with ACSR
quad Moose conductors. Out of the two transmission lines, One line will be evacuated
to 400KV substation near Visakhapatnam and another line to 400KV substation at
Vemagiri. Cumulative distance of the two evacuation lines is of about 320Kms
(Approx). The option of proposing multi circuit towers capable of carrying all the 4
circuits may be examined subject to availability of capacity at the receiving end
substation. The cost for construction of transmission lines of approx. 650 Crore for
construction of 2 nos 400KV D/C transmission lines is not added to the project cost.
2.3 POWER RESOURCES OF THE STATE

Situated in the southern region, the state of Andhra Pradesh is drained by two major
river basins namely, Godavari basin and Krishna basin. All the rivers in Andhra
Pradesh are basically rain dependent and they have large currents in rainy season and
low currents in summer. Some rivers are even dry in summer. The major rivers in
Andhra Pradesh are Godavari, Krishna, Tungabhadra, Pennar, Manjira, Nagavali, and
Vamsadhara.
A number of hydro power generating dams have been built across Godavari, Krishna
and their associated tributaries totaling about 2000 MW.
2.4 EXITING GENERATING CAPACITY IN THE STATE

Of the assessed hydro-potential of about 2,366 MW in the state, 1610 MW (A.P.
only) has been developed so far and about 960 MW is under construction. Table
2.3 lists the existing Hydro Electric projects with their respective capacities more
than 30 MW as on December 2018.
Table-2.3: List of H.E.P with Station Capacity in Andhra Pradesh State

Installed
S.No. Name & Address of Power Station No. of Units
Capacity (MW)
3x17 MW +
1 Machkund PH *(APGENCO share:70%) 84.0 MW
3x23MW=120MW
Onukudelli - 764002, Koraput (Dt), Orissa (AP Share - 84.0)
2 Tunga Bhadra Dam PH * 4x9 MW = 36 MW 28.8 MW
TB Dam - 583225,Bellary (Dt.), Karnataka (AP Share - 28.8)

3 Hampi PH, * 4x9 MW = 36 MW 28.8 MW

Hampi - 583215,Bellary (Dt.), Karnataka (AP Share - 28.8)
4 Upper Sileru PH 4x60 MW 240.0 MW
Upper Sileru - 531105, Visakhapatnam (Dt.)
5 Donkarayi Canal PH 1x25 MW 25.0 MW
Donkarayi - 531110, East Godavari (Dt.)
6 Lower Sileru PH 4x115 MW 460.0 MW
Mothugudem - 507113, Khammam (Dt.)
7 Srisailam Right Bank PH 7x110 MW 770.0 MW
Sunnipenta, Srisailam - 518102, Kurnool (Dt.)
8 Nagarjunasagar Right Canal PH 3x30 MW 90.0 MW
Vijayapuri South - 522439, Guntur (Dt.)
9 Penna Ahobilam HES 2x10 MW 20.0 MW
HLC Colony, Anantapur - 515004
10 Chettipeta Mini Hydel 2x0.5 MW 1.0 MW
Chettipeta - 534357, West Godavari (Dt.)
11 Nagarjuna Sagar Tail Pond Power House 2x25MW 50MW
Satrasala, Guntur(Dt)-522421
Total Hydro 1797.6 MW
* Inter-State Projects maintained by APGENCO
(Source: APGENCO)
The Government of Andhra Pradesh proposed to construct a Dam (Indira Sagar

Polavaram) across the river Godavari near Ramayyapeta village of west
Godavari district about 34 KM from Rajahmundry. The Central Electricity
Authority (CEA) MOP, Government of India, New Delhi has accorded Techno
Economic Concurrence on 21.02.2012. The Government of Andhra Pradesh have
accorded approval in principle for implementation of Indira Sagar Polavaram
Hydro Electric Project (12X80MW=960 MW) by APGENCO.
2.5 PEAK POWER AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN FUTURE (UP TO

LIKELY DATE OF PROJECT COMPLETION)
2.5.1 Actual Power and Energy Supply Position

The actual power supply position of past years (Table-2.4) at all India level shows that
currently, there is a deficiency of 0.8% in meeting peak power and 0.6% deficiency in
meeting the energy requirement.
Table-2.4: Actual Power Supply Position in India

The power supply position in the country during 2009-10 to 2018-19:
Energy Peak
Peak
Requirement Availability Surplus(+)/Deficts(-) Peak Met Surplus(+) / Deficts(-)
Year Demand
(MU) (MU) (MU) (%) (MW) (MW) (MW) (%)
2009-10 8,30,594 7,46,644 -83,950 -10.1 1,19,166 1,04,009 -15,157 -12.7
2010-11 8,61,591 7,88,355 -73,236 -8.5 1,22,287 1,10,256 -12,031 -9.8
2011-12 9,37,199 8,57,886 -79,313 -8.5 1,30,006 1,16,191 -13,815 -10.6

2012-13 9,95,557 9,08,652 -86,905 -8.7 1,35,453 1,23,294 -12,159 -9.0
2013-14 10,02,257 9,59,829 -42,428 -4.2 1,35,918 1,29,815 -6,103 -4.5
2014-15 10,68,923 10,30,785 -38,138 -3.6 1,48,166 1,41,160 -7,006 -4.7

2015-16 11,14,408 10,90,850 -23,558 -2.1 1,53,366 1,48,463 -4,903 -3.2
2016-17 11,42,929 11,35,334 -7,595 -0.7 1,59,542 1,56,934 -2,608 -1.6

2017-18 12,12,134 12,03,567 -8,567 -0.7 1,64,066 1,60,752 -3,314 -2.0
2018-19* 7,69,399 7,64,627 -4,773 -0.6 1,77,022 1,75,528 -1,494 -0.8

* Upto October 2018 (Provisional), Source : CEA
The status of the demand-supply position for the Southern Region for the year 2017-18
is given in Table-2.5. It indicates that there was a deficit of -0.2% and -0.4%
respectively in meeting the energy and peak power requirements. The corresponding
figures for the Andhra Pradesh are much lower on account of its relatively small
requirements and imports of power from outside. The year by year situation to date for
the state is reflected in details presented in the following Table 2.6. These show a
similar and rising gap in energy and peak power supply in percentage terms.
Table-2.5: Energy Supply and Peak Power Position in Southern Region for 2017-

18
Surplus / Deficit (-) Surplus / Deficit (-)
Peak Peak
State / System / Requirement Availability
Demand Met
Region (MU) (MU)
(MU) (%) (MW) (MW) (MU) (%)
Andhra Pradesh 58,384 58,290 -94 -0.2 8,993 8,983 -10 -0.1
Karnataka 67,869 67,702 -167 -0.2 10,857 10,802 -55 -0.5
Kerala 25,004 24,916 -88 -0.4 3,892 3,870 -22 -0.6
Tamil Nadu 1,06,006 1,05,839 -167 -0.2 15,001 14,975 -26 -0.2
Telangana 60,318 60,237 -81 -0.1 10,298 10,284 -14 -0.1
Puducherry 2,669 2,662 -7 -0.3 390 387 -3 -0.8
Lakshadweep 48 48 0 0 9 9 0 0
Southern
3,20,248 3,19,642 -606 -0.2 47,385 47,210 -175 -0.4
Region
Table-2.6: Actual Power and Energy Supply Position to date for Andhra Pradesh
Peak Peak Energy Energy
Energy Energy Peak
Deficit / Deficit / Peak Met Deficit / Deficit /
Period Requirement Availability Demand
Surplus Surplus (MW) Surplus Surplus
(MU) (MU) (MW)
(MW) (%) (MU) (%)
2008-09 71511 66673 -4838 -6.8 11083 9997 -1086 -9.8
2009-10 78996 73765 -5231 -6.6 12168 10880 -1288 -10.6
2010-11 78970 76450 -2520 -3.2 12630 11829 -801 -6.3
2011-12 91730 85149 -6581 -7.2 14054 11972 -2082 -14.8
2012-13 99692 82171 -17521 -17.6 14582 11630 -2952 -20.2
2013-14 95662 89036 -6626 -6.9 14072 13162 -910 -6.5
2014-15* 59198 56313 -2885 -4.9 7144 6784 -360 -5.0
2015-16 50437 50366 -71 -0.1 7400 7391 -9 -0.1
2016-17 54301 54257 -44 -0.1 7969 7965 -4 -0.1
2017-18 58384 58290 -94 -0.2 8993 8983 -10 -0.1
*-Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh into AP & Telangana (Source: CEA)
2.5.2 Forecast of Power Demand and Supply

The proposed project is expected to start yielding benefits latest by the end of 12th Plan
period. Power from this project is envisaged to be supplied to the beneficiaries of the
Southern Region. The demand and supply forecasts as anticipated by CEA at the end
of 11th and 12th Five Year Plans are presented in the following paragraphs.
Projection of Demand at the end of 12th, 13th Plan and 14th Plan

The demand projections for the end of 12th ,13th and 14th plan based on Electrical Power
Survey (EPS-18 & 19) published by CEA are given in Table-2.7 below for the country
as a whole. The expected demand by 2012-17 (i.e. by the end of 12th plan), 2017-21
(13th plan) and by 2021-27 (i.e. by the end of 14th plan) are 11,60,429 MW, 15,66,023
MW and 20,47,434 MW respectively.
Table 2.7: All India wise Demand Projections Under EPS-18th & 19th
Peak Demand (MW) Energy Requirement (MU)
Plan Period 18th EPS As per 19th 18th EPS As per 19th
Forecasts EPS Forecasts EPS
2016-17 1,99,540 1,61,834 13,54,874 11,60,429
2021-22 2,83,470 2,25,751 19,04,861 15,66,023
2026-27 4,00,705 2,98,774 27,10,058 20,47,434
Source: CEA

Table 2.8: Region wise Demand Projections upto 2026 under EPS - 19th
Energy Requirement (MU)

Region
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27
NR 333816 356521 376550 397530 420047 443704 468196 493162 519399 549833 582182 616345
WR 335424 352304 377343 403010 429217 455250 481501 508032 535810 564915 595591 627624
SR 286425 307047 330336 352549 376376 399047 420753 443754 468380 494301 521717 550992
ER 120122 128300 138862 145674 153363 162669 171228 179480 187906 196698 207085 217468
NER 14299 15876 17261 18758 20437 22083 23809 25598 27523 29619 31869 34301
ISLANDS 353 381 408 441 473 504 536 568 600 635 667 704
All India 1090439 1160429 1240760 1317962 1399913 1483257 1566023 1650594 1739618 1836001 1939111 2047434
Source: CEA
Peak Demand (MW)

Region
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27
NR 51754 55596 58899 62279 65919 69766 73770 77929 82017 86776 91835 97182
WR 46738 50141 54673 58654 62728 66847 71020 75275 79748 84502 89528 94825
SR 40864 44782 48635 52171 56007 59581 62975 66710 70579 74666 79002 83652
ER 19098 20883 22849 23868 25130 26633 28046 29500 30895 32319 34031 35674
NER 2465 2810 3252 3537 3856 4170 4499 4891 5319 5790 6235 6710
All India 148043 161834 176897 188360 200696 213244 225751 238899 252288 266844 282418 298774

As can be seen from above tables that, as per 18th EPS, the projected demand by 2026-
27 would be 27, 10, 058 MW while 19th EPS forecast this to be 20, 47, 434 MW. It may
be worthwhile to mention that the total demand as projected in 18th EPS is on a higher
side than that estimated by 19th EPS on account of reduced demand in the base year
(2015-16) itself as compared to 18th EPS projections.
Further, projections of 19th EPS takes into consideration the reduction in electricity
demand due to aggressive demand side management (DSM), improvement of energy
efficiency and energy conservation measures leading to savings of 95 BU in the year
2016-17, 206 BU in the year 2021-22 and 273 BU in the year 2026-27.
As evident from Table, CAGR of electrical energy requirement from 2016-17 to 2021-
22 works out to 6.18 % and the CAGR of electrical energy requirement from 2021-22
to 2026-27 works out to 5.51 %. The CAGR of electrical energy requirement in the
country from the year 2010-11 to 2015-16 has been 5.28 %.
Estimate of Supply at the end of 12th and 13th Plan

The expected addition (Table-2.10) during 12th Plan, likely capacity addition from
conventional sources as per review carried out as on January, 2018, will be 99, 210 MW
(Coal 83,560 MW, Lignite 1,290 MW, Gas 6,880.5 MW, Hydro 5,479 MW, Nuclear
2,000 MW) against a target of 88,537 MW. This is about 112% of the target. There is
likely to be considerable slippage in capacity addition target in respect of Hydro (5,451
MW) and and Nuclear (3,300 MW) during the 12th Plan period. The above capacity
addition data has been considered based on the recent assessment by CEA on demand
projection and generation planning.
Table 2.9: Estimation with the Addition of 99,210 MW and enhanced performance in 12th Plan
Capacity at the end of 12th Availability at the end of 12th Plan-
Capacity at the Plan 2016-17
Region end of 11th
Plan (MW) Addition Energy {Col.(4) x Peak {Col. (4) x
Total (MW)
(MW) 0.55 x 8.760} 0.7}
1 2 3 4 5 6
NR 53926 19911 73837 355746 51686
WR 64394 43979 108373 522142 75861
SR 52740 22370 75110 361880 52577
ER 26286 11446 37732 181792 26412

Capacity at the end of 12th Availability at the end of 12th Plan-

Capacity at the Plan 2016-17
Region end of 11th
Plan (MW) Addition Energy {Col.(4) x Peak {Col. (4) x
Total (MW)
(MW) 0.55 x 8.760} 0.7}
NER 2546 1504 4050 19513 2835
Islands 76 0 76 367 53
All
199968 99210 299178 1441440 209425
India
Source: CEA
Considering the demand projections for the year 2021-22 as per the 19th EPS (where
CAGR works out to be 6.18%), committed capacity addition from Gas 406 MW, Hydro
6,823 MW, Nuclear 3,300 MW, RES 1,17,756 MW and likely retirement of 22,716
MW (5,927 MW-old and inefficient units + 16,789 MW completing 25 years by 2022
and without FGD space) of coal based capacity during 2017-22, the study result reveals
that coal based capacity addition of 6,445 MW is required during the period 2017-22.
However, a total capacity of 47,855 MW coal based power projects are currently under
different stages of construction and are likely to yield benefits during the period 2017-
22. Thereby, the total capacity addition during 2017-22 is likely to be 1,76,140 MW.
The likely installed capacity from different fuel types at the end of 2021-22 in base case
works out to be 4,79,419 MW including 47,855 MW of Coal based capacity addition
currently under construction and likely to yield benefits during 2017-22 and is given in
Table 2.10.
Table 2.10: Projected Installed capacity by the end of 2021-22

Fuel Type Capacity (MW) %
Hydro 51,301 10.7
Coal + Lignite 2,17,302 45.3
Gas 25,735 5.4
Nuclear 10,080 2.1
Total Conventional Capacity* 3,04,419 63.5
Total Renewable Capacity 1,75,000 36.5
Total Capacity by 2021-22 4,79,418 100
*This includes 47,855 MW of Coal based capacity addition currently under
construction and likely to yield benefits during 2017-22.

* This IC does not include Imports from Neighbouring countries during 2017- 22
The likely installed capacity from different fuel type by the end of year 2026-27 is given
in Table 2.11.
Table 2.11: Projected Installed capacity by the end of 2026-27

Fuel Type Capacity (MW) %
Hydro 63,301 10.2
Coal + Lignite 2,38,150 38.5
Gas 25,735 4.2
Nuclear 16,880 2.7
Total Conventional 3,44,066 55.6
Capacity*
Total Renewable Capacity 2,75,000 44.4
Total Capacity by 2021-22 6,19,066 100
*Including 47,855 MW of Coal based capacity addition currently under construction
and likely to yield benefits in 2017-22 and an additional 46,420 MW coal based
capacity addition required during 2022-27(Table 5.13).
* This IC does not include Imports from Neighbouring countries during 2022- 27.
The data indicating supply status is given in the following tables for year 2018-19.
Table 2.12: Likely Power Supply Position at All India Level at the End of 2018-19
(As Per LGBR-2018-19)
Period Peak Peak Peak Peak Energy Energy Energy Energy
Demand Met Deficit / Deficit / Requirement Availability Deficit / Deficit /
(MW) (MW) Surplus Surplus (MU) (MU) Surplus Surplus
(MW) (%) (MU) (%)
2018-19 1,80,682 1,85,122 4,440 2.5 13,37,036 13,98,706 61,670 4.6
Table 2.13: Likely Power Supply Position in Andhra Pradesh at the End of 2018-19

(As Per LGBR-2018-19)

Period Peak Peak Peak Peak Energy Energy Energy Energy
Demand Met Deficit / Deficit / Requirement Availability Deficit / Deficit /
(MW) (MW) Surplus Surplus (MU) (MU) Surplus Surplus
(MW) (%) (MU) (%)
2018-19 9659 9880 221 2.3 62602 67134 4532 7.2
2.6 GENERATION CAPACITY IN FUTURE AT ALL INDIA/STATE/LEVEL
2.6.1 Demand and Supply Scenario at the end of 12th Plan
Demand and Supply Scenario at the end of 12th Plan with the addition of 99,210 MW
and enhanced performance in 12th plan has been worked out and presented in Table
2.14 below:
Table 2.14: Demand and Supply Scenario at the end of 12th Plan
Region Capacity at the Peak Energy Energy Deficit Peak Demand Deficit /
end of 12th Requirement* Requirement* Availability** / Availability** Surplus
Plan (MW) (MW) (MU) (MU) Surplus (MW) (%)
(%)
73837 55596 356521 -3.65 -5.37
NR 343513 52612
108373 50141 352304 -2.04 -3.65
WR 345127 48313
75110 44782 307047 -0.63 -5.69
SR 305107 42232
37732 20883 128300 -1.12 -10.03
ER 126868 18788
4050 2810 15876 -7.28 -11.92
NER 14720 2475
76 - 381
ISLANDS - -
Total -2.16 -2.79

299178 161834 1160429 1135334 157325
*As per 19th EPS **As per LGBR 2017
From the above, it is observed that the peak deficit still exits at the end of 12th plan to
extent of 5.69% in Southern region.
2.6.2 Demand and Supply Scenario at the end of 13th Plan

Demand and Supply Scenario at the end of 13th Plan with the addition of 1,76,140 MW
and enhanced performance in 13th plan has been worked out and presented in Table 2.15
below:

Table 2.15: Demand and Supply Scenario at the end of 13th Plan
Capacity at the end of Demand (as per 19th Availability at the end
13th Plan EPS) of 13th Plan
Region
Peak Deficit /
Energy Peak Energy Deficit /
Demand Surplus
(MU) (MW) (MU) Surplus (%)
(MW) (%)
All India 2309836 335593 15,66,023 32.2 2,25,751 32.7
From the Table 2.14, it can be seen that Southern Region in particular is expected to
face both energy and peak power shortage of 0.63% and 5.69% respectively at the end
of 12th Plan.
It will be observed also that the deficit in peak power will cease to exists at the end of
13th Plan to the extent of approx. 33% on all India basis because of reliance on Non-
renewable sources of energy which contributes a staggering 1,75,000 MW (36.5%) of
the total installed capacity which necessitates the development of pumped storage
schemes when the reliance on non-conventional sources of energy increases., given that
the National Electricity Policy has set the goal of adding new generation capacity to not
only eliminate energy and peaking shortages but to also have a spinning reserve of 5%
in the system.
In view of the above future scenario, with shortages projected in both energy and peak
power generation at the end of 12th Plan for Southern Region and overall peak power
requirement at the end of 13th Plan because of increase of reliance on non-conventional
sources of energy, development of Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Hydro Electric Project
during the 12th Plan is therefore fully consistent with CEA forecasts of demand and
supply situation and is considered essential, apart from achieving ideal thermal-hydro
mix ratio and socio-economic development of the State.

CHAPTER-III
BASIN DEVELOPMENT
Chapter.3: Basin Development 3-i PFR

CHAPTER-III
BASIN DEVELOPMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.1 Course of the River 3-1
3.2 Power Potential of the Sileru River Sub-Basin 3-1
3.3 Inter-Basin Transfer of Water 3-3
3.4 Fitment of the Scheme in Overall Basin Development 3-4
3.5 Fitment of the Scheme in the Power Potential Development 3-4
3.6 Effect of Future Upstream / Downstream Developments 3-4
Chapter.3: Basin Development 3-i PFR

CHAPTER-III
BASIN DEVELOPMENT
3.1 COURSE OF THE RIVER
The proposed project is located over Sileru River, which is one of the main tributaries
of river Kolab/Sabri of Godavari River basin. So, the Sileru River can be known as
the sub-tributary of Godavari River and its catchment is as such the part of the
Godavary river basin.
The river Sileru known as Machkund River also in the upper reaches, rises in the
Mudugal hills of Visakhapatnam District and nearby Ondra Gadda it becomes the
boundary between Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. For over 48 km the river runs nearly
north along a meandering course through the Padwa Valley. About 48 km south of
Jeypore, it winds westward along the edge of the Plateau and then suddenly turns at a
short angle to the south-west down a steep descent popularly known as Duduma Falls.
It is situated at the eastern limit of the Dandakaranya physiographic region and has a
course of about 190 miles (305 km).
The Machkund River flows northward into Jalaput Reservoir on the border with
Odisha state. Leaving the reservoir—as the Sileru—it makes a sharp bend to the
southwest and flows for a stretch through southwestern Odisha before forming the
border first between Odisha and Andhra Pradesh and then between Odisha and far
eastern Telangana state. During its generally southwestward course there, the river is
parallel to the mountain ranges to the southeast, its channel at an elevation of some
2,000 to 3,000 feet (600 to 900 metres) above sea level. The Sileru empties into the
Sabari River, opposite Konta, in far southern Chhattisgarh state, just a short distance
north-northeast of the Sabari’s junction with the Godavari River in Telangana.
3.2 POWER POTENTIAL OF THE SILERU RIVER SUB-BASIN
Hydroelectric dams on the Machkund River at Jalaput Reservoir and on the upper and
lower courses of the Sileru are a significant source of power for the region. It has
Chapter.3: Basin Development 3-1 PFR

huge potential of hydro electricity generation which has been substantially harnessed
by constructing of following projects.
Table 3.1: Hydroelectric Projects in Sileru River Basin
Installed
Sl. No. Name of the Project FRL(m) TWL (m)
Capacity (MW)
1 Machkund 838.2 510.85 120
2 Balimela 462.10 414.53 510

3 Upper Sileru 414.53 318.52 240
4 Donkarayi 316.08 291.08 25
(Power-House Canal)
5 Lower Sileru 316.08 77.73 460
6 Chitrakonda - - 60
(Proposed)
A map depicting the river course of Sileru and the location of above listed projects
marked therein is shown in Fig 3.1 below.
Figure 3.1: Hydro-Power Development in Sileru Basin

3.3 INTER-BASIN TRANSFER OF WATER
The river Sileru flows almost through the gorge and the catchment of the river is hilly.
So there is absolutely no scope of developing irrigation within the catchment of this
river. If any state authority desires to use Sileru’s water for irrigation, the water needs
to be transferred to neighboring catchment/basin.
The State authority of Odisha is transferring the water released from the Balimela
power station for irrigation use in the Potteru tributary basin of Sabari in Odisha
territory. At present the water released from the other power stations is not useful to
irrigation needs except during lean flow period in main Godavari River for the
requirements of Godavari delta. Uttarandhra region can create huge irrigation
potential with the perennial water supply from the available water storages in Seleru
river basin. The mid lands of East Godavari district can get augmented water supply
by diverting Sileru river water from Donkarayi reservoir (310 m MSL) towards east
of Eastern Ghats by constructing 35 km long tunnel with enhanced power potential.
Similarly, mid lands of Vishakhapatnam District, Vizianagaram district and
Srikakulam district can get augmented water supply by diverting Sileru river water
from Guntawada weir (head works of Upper Sileru power station) at 410 m MSL
towards east by constructing 30 km long tunnel with enhanced power potential. The
diverted water of Sileru River to the east can also be used to supply water to the
Polavaram left bank canal and Visakhapatnam city's continuous drinking water needs
when water level is not adequate in Polavaram reservoir during non-monsoon months.
The water released from the Lower Sileru power station can be diverted to Yeleru
reservoir by gravity with a 70 km long tunnel to create additional irrigation in East
Godavari district. Part of the water released by Lower Sileru power station can also be
used for the planned Lower Sileru irrigation scheme located in Sileru and Sabari
basins.
There is an agreement between the two riparian states to divert the surplus water
available in Upper Kolab reservoir on Kolab/Sabari River to Machkund/Sileru River
for augmentation of its water availability. Diverted water will help in enhancing the
energy production by existing hydel power projects on Sileru River.

3.4 FITMENT OF THE SCHEME IN OVERALL BASIN DEVELOPMENT
The Pumped Storage Hydel Project is proposed to be located at Upper Sileru Hydel
Project site to produce electricity only to meet the peak hour demand without
interfering with normal working of existing power projects. The project will not use
water from the required quantum of water for existing hydel project. The water used
for generation of power during peak hour demand will be pumped back from tail pool
to upper reservoir using energy available in existing hydel project during low demand
hour. So, same water will always go on recycling. This concept has been accepted
universally economical to meet the peak hour demand. The topography of the
catchment is most suitable for production of hydel energy and this proposed project
will enhance the power generation during critical hour of need with no consumptive
use of water.
3.5 FITMENT OF THE SCHEME IN THE POWER POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
The existing six number power generation units have almost covered all the power
potential sites in the catchment for regular generation of hydel energy. There may be
few drops available for planning new hydel project. But to meet peak hour demand,
the projects like the proposed project has been recognized universally as most
suitable. There is also possibility to install huge capacity Pumped-storage
hydroelectricity station for the needs of peaking power using high water level drop at
other project site. As there is a cascade of hydel projects in this basin, the reservoir of
upper hydel project will serve as upper pond and the reservoir of lower hydel project
as tail pond for installing Pumped-storage hydroelectricity units. Such arrangement
may prove to be economical and hence advisable.
3.6 EFFECT OF FUTURE UPSTREAM / DOWNSTREAM DEVELOPMENTS
The proposed project will not require any regular inflows of Sileru River. It will use
always recycled water ie the water once used for hydel generation during peak
demand hour, will be pumped back to upper reservoir during low demand hour for re-
use. As the project does not interfere with the river’s daily flows, there will not be any
adverse effect on the proposed project even in case of any development in U/s and D/s
in future

CHAPTER-IV
INTER STATE / INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS
Chapter.4: Inter State/International Aspects 4-i PFR

CHAPTER-IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 The River Sileru 4-4
4.3 Interstate Agreement on Sharing of Sileru’s Water 4-5
4.4 Interstate Dispute 4-6
Chapter.4: Inter State/International Aspects 4-i PFR

CHAPTER-IV
4.1 INTRODUCTION
After reorganization of states on linguistic basis and considering the River waters use
/ harnessing in states jurisdiction constitutionally, an interstate aspect is likely to
involve for the use, control and distribution of interstate river water. Govt. of India
enacted the Interstate River Water Disputes (IRWD) Act, in 1956 to resolve the water
disputes, in case it arises. The Indian Constitution provides a role for the Central
government in adjudicating conflicts surrounding inter-state rivers that arise among
the state/regional governments.
IRWD Act is applicable only to interstate rivers / river valleys. If an action of one
state affects the interests of one or more other states, then only water dispute is
deemed to have arisen under IRWD Act. It can be divided into two independent parts
for clarity purpose in understanding the techno-legal application of IRWD Act.
i) Actions of a downstream state affecting the interest of an upstream state
A downstream state’s action can affect the upstream state interest only in one case.
i.e. when a downstream state is building a dam / barrage near its state boundary and
submerging the territory of an upstream state on permanent / temporary basis. Other
than this action, no other action of a downstream state could affect the upstream states
interest which they have been using for economical, ecological and spiritual/ religious
aspects. The meaning of the word ‘interest’ in this context is concern / importance /
significance /relevance / consequence of losing the prevailing water use or purpose.
ii) Actions of an upstream state affecting the interest of a downstream state
Whereas all the actions of an upstream state to use or control or distribute the water of
an interstate river can affect the downstream states in one way or the other. These
actions may be as follows:
Chapter.4: Inter State/International Aspects 4-1 PFR

1. Consuming river water for any beneficial use such as irrigation, drinking water,
industrial, recreation, recharging of ground water, ground water use, enhanced
evaporation losses, enhancing rain water use efficiency, obstructing non flood
flows of the river, transferring water to outside the river basin, etc. (i.e. any man
made /aided action of converting water into water vapour & losing to atmosphere
by evaporation /evapotranspiration processes and also transferring river water
outside the river basin. This is generally done by constructing water storage
reservoirs and subsequently using water for above purposes.
2. Quality of water can also be diminished / altered/ controlled in the action of using
water. It would take place by accumulating the dissolved salts in the remaining
water after its use. The dissolved salts content of water increases due to its
consumption and also addition of more salts by some other activities. Also
causing water more silt laden / turbid is a manmade water quality alteration which
can be caused by mining and deforestation activities. Bringing water from other
river basins for upstream states use also effects water quality in downstream
states.
Generally river water is transferred to water deficit areas for use after creating the
infrastructure for its storage (water reservoirs) and distribution network (canals,
pipelines, ground water charging, etc.). All these acts fall under river water
distribution and control category under IRWD Act. All the above actions of an
upstream state are legal causes of water dispute to the downstream states since their
existing interests are affected as given below:
A) Decrease in water availability
When an upstream state contemplates water use, it would block the lean season river
flows initially by constructing low cost barrages and tries to store the peak flood
waters ultimately by constructing massive water storage reservoirs. In this process the
river flow regime is altered drastically converting it ephemeral / dry in most of the
time except during floods It also alters the ecology of the river located in downstream
states affecting its riverine vegetation and aquatic flora & fauna. Already the delta

area of rivers are eroding / shrinking when adequate river water is not reaching sea.
This process of river water harnessing affects the downstream states interests as they
are deprived of constantly available river water which they had been using for their
interests. Alternatively, downstream state needs to store more flood water in
reservoirs to cater to the existing water use.
B) Deterioration in water quality
Alteration in river water quality / alkalinity / salinity effects growth of traditionally

cultivated crops as they are not best suitable with the enhanced soil alkalinity and or
soil salinity. They either give lesser yield or consume more saline water for the same
yield. Also the aquatic flora & fauna would face survival threat / diminished growth
with the enhanced water salinity and or alkalinity. If the river is blocked to reach the
Sea (i.e. basin closure) in most of the years, the ecology / fisheries of the surrounding
Sea / river mouth area is also affected. Also there is threat of Sea water ingress into
estuaries / delta of the river contaminating ground water. The use or control or
distribution of river water in an upstream state is invariably denial of prevailing use /
purpose in the downstream state as it is altering natural flow regime of river water
with respect to quantity, quality and time of availability in downstream states. Also
dam failures in upstream states can create flash floods or further dam failures in
downstream states causing unprecedented property damage and loss of human lives.
IRWD Act clearly stipulates that mere anticipation of a riparian state actions which
can affect other riparian state interests is enough to raise interstate water dispute.
The activities of an upstream state without affecting downstream state’s interests are
peak flood control measures by impounding the flood waters only (not base flows) in
100% or more capacity storage reservoirs for use without affecting water quality
appreciably and run off hydro power generation taken up in its territory.
This Act further has undergone amendments subsequently and its most recent
amendment took place in the year 2002.
The National Water Policy 2002 provides that the water sharing / distribution amongst
the States should be guided by a national perspective with due regard to water
resources availability and needs within the river basin.

The shares of the basin states in a river basin are normally decided either by
agreement among the basin states or by decisions of a tribunal and are given effect to
by themselves. In certain cases regulatory bodies with participation of representatives
of the concerned basin states are also established to facilitate the implementation of
terms of agreement /decision of Tribunal.
4.2 THE RIVER SILERU
The river Sileru on which the project is proposed, is an interstate river rising in the
state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) known as Machkund River in its upper reaches. Andhra
Pradesh and Odisha states have jointly constructed a hydel project on this stream
known as Machkund hydro-electric Project (120 MW) long back i.e. in 1955. Below
this project it enters Odisha state territory and forms interstate boundary at places.
Again at interstate boundary where the river flows down from Odisha state to AP state
territory, both the states have jointly constructed Balimela dam in 1988 to develop
hydel projects of their own. Further downstream of Balimela dam in AP state
territory, it has developed Upper Sileru and Donkarayi Hydroelectric Project of 240
MW and 25 MW capacity respectively. Lower Sileru hydel projects is another hydel
project of 460 MW capacity in its lowermost reaches before it out falls into Sabri
river at the tri-junction point of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Chattisgarh states.
An index map of Sabri river basin including its tributaries such as Sileru, Potteru etc
is enclosed as Fig 4.1 for reference.

Sabari River
Godavari River
Sileru River
Figure 4.1: Sabari River and its tributaries
4.3 INTERSTATE AGREEMENT ON SHARING OF SILERU’S WATER
In accordance with the National Water Policy 2002, Andhra Pradesh (AP) as lower
riparian state and Odisha as upper riparian state entered into agreements to construct
Balimela dam as a joint project and share the Sileru river waters available equally at
Balimela dam site. The two states also agreed to construct their own hydel projects to
generate electricity for their own use. Apart from it, the two states have agreed to
divert the surplus water available in Upper Kolab Reservoir existing in upper reaches
of Kolab/Sabari river jointly to Machkund/Sileru river in order to enhance the hydro
power potential of Sileru river.
Odisha developed the 360 MW (6 × 60 MW units) power house by diverting the

Balimela waters to the Potteru sub-river basin. A barrage at Surlikonda across the
Potteru stream was constructed to redirect the discharge from Balimela Power House
into two main canals for irrigation; one on the right side named Tamasha Main Canal

and the second on the left side named Gompakonda Main Canal. These two canals
were constructed under the Potteru Irrigation Project for irrigation in Malkangiri
district, the most backward district of the state and thereby lifting the living standard
of the inhabitants. Two more power generation units 75 MW each were added under
stage-2 to increase the installed capacity up to 510 MW.
The share of Andhra Pradesh from the available water in the Belimela is released
downstream into the river for generating hydro-electricity located at Upper Sileru,
Donkarai and lower Sileru Hydro power stations ultimately utilizing the water for
irrigation in the Godavari delta during dry season.
4.4 INTERSTATE DISPUTE
Even after agreement on sharing of Sileru water by the two states, there is some
disputes between the two states on implementation modality of the agreement. Odisha
is not permitting AP to install hydropower units (30 MW capacity) at the toe of
Balimela dam on the grounds of another jurisdiction. Though AP is permitted in the
agreements, Odisha says the site of power house is located in Odisha's territory and
AP cannot install the hydro power units in its land. Thus 30 MW power generation
capacity at a very low generation cost could not be developed for the last 40 years due
to the dispute. Kolab river surplus water available in Upper Kolab reservoir which
was to be diverted jointly by Odisha and AP to Sileru/Machkund river basin for
enhancing hydro power potential substantially has also not materialized till now.

CHAPTER-V
SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION
Chapter.5: Survey and Investigations 5-i PFR

CHAPTER-V
SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.0 General 5-1
5.1 Topographical Survey 5-1
5.1.1 Project Location 5-2
5.1.2 Topographical Survey & Preparation of Maps 5-2
5.1.3 Boundary / Limits of Survey Area 5-3
5.1.4 Methodology adopted in Topographical Survey 5-3
5.1.5 Network of Benchmarks 5-6
5.2 Archaeological Surveys in Reservoir Area 5-9
5.3 Mineral Surveys in the Catchment Area 5-9
5.4 Right-of Way Survey 5-9
5.5 Communication Survey 5-10
5.6 Geology & Geotechnical Investigations 5-10
5.7 Seismicity 5-11
5.8 Foundation Investigations 5-13
5.8.1 Exploration by Drilling 5-13
5.8.2 Location of Drill holes 5-14
5.9 Construction Material Investigations 5-17
5.10 Hydrological and Meteorological Investigations 5-17
Chapter.5: Survey and Investigations 5-ii PFR

CHAPTER-V
SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS
5.0 GENERAL
For appropriate designing & constructing various components of a Pumped Storage
Project, it is necessary to obtain detailed information on geology and engineering
properties of strata at the selected site of works apart from carrying out detailed survey
of the area, hydrological studies & environmental studies etc. For preparation of Detailed
Project Report for Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project, Survey, Investigation & studies
were awarded to M/s WAPCOS which included the following:
a) Topographical Survey of project area

b) Geological Studies, Geotechnical Investigations, Seismo-tectonic evaluation and
Construction Materials Survey
c) Hydrological, Sedimentation Studies & Data Collection
d) Environmental Studies
5.1 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY

Topographical data are essential for any design, and in particular layout of a pumped
storage scheme. They are the basis for identification and selection of potential intake
site, waterway alignments, powerhouse site & suitable weir location. The available
gross head for energy generation between reservoir and powerhouse is calculated from
it. Information on storage volume of a reservoir and land inundated is derived from the
maps.
Detail topographical surveys covering the project area have been carried out by M/s
WAPCOS under the pre-construction investigations to firm up the project layout and
carrying out designs of various civil structures of the project for construction. Various
levels of topographical data were made available, based on which possible alternatives
were worked out. Depending upon the suitability of the confirmed alternative, further
detailed topographical investigation was asked for finalization of various components
of the project.
Chapter.5: Survey and Investigations 5-1 PFR

5.1.1 Project Location

The proposed Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project (USPSP) is located adjacent to
existing Upper Sileru H.E. Project (USHEP) at Sileru Village in Visakhapatnam district
in the state of Andhra Pradesh having latitude and longitude of 18°1’58.72” N and
82°1’22.77”E respectively.
5.1.2 Topographical Survey & Preparation of Maps

An accurate and reliable topographical map is the basic requirement for quality
planning & design of various project components & facilities. Keeping above in view,
a detailed topographical survey was carried out by an experienced & specialized survey
team under direct supervision of WAPCOS Engineers & Geologists. The total area
surveyed is about 4500 ha.
During the time of survey, WAPCOS survey team with Engineers & Geologist
accompanied the survey team all along the field activities.
The survey team was provided with all the necessary survey instruments, other tools &
plants, transport facility etc. for smooth operation of topographical survey.
Following activities were undertaken under topographical survey:-

(i) Locating old Bench Marks/ Control Points of the project for carrying out
topographical survey.
(ii) Construction of suitable Nos. of survey pillars and transfer of their coordination
from existing control point/ bench mark of USHEP with the help of Total Station
& Auto level.
(iii) Collection of topographical data with various survey equipment such as total
station, LiDAR & Drone in the area covering all the project components &
facility areas.
(iv) Inclusion of all the special features viz. Nallah, waterways, forest, houses,
cultivating land, roads, culverts, foot tracks, telephone posts, transmissions
towers etc. in the topographical mapping.
(v) Development of topographical maps with Auto Cad software.

5.1.3 Boundary / Limits of Survey Area

Boundary of the topographical survey area has been decided based on the field
reconnaissance by a team of hydropower Experts of Engineering Geology and Civil
Design to cover all components of the proposed pumped storage plant viz. Intake, HRT,
Surge Shaft, Penstock, Power House, Transformer Gallery, Draft tubes, TRT & lower
reservoir.
Fig. 5.1 Area Surveyed for the proposed Pumped Storage Project
5.1.4 Methodology adopted in Topographical Survey

Topographical Survey for the different components of the Project was conducted using
mobile LiDAR & Drone survey, which helped in firming up the project proposals.
Initially, physical survey of the project site has been completed. Topographical survey
included the following surveys:
 DGPS Survey
 LiDAR Survey
 Drone Survey
DGPS Survey
DGPS Survey incorporated survey of marking of 10 Static Points and 70 TBM Points.
The Control points planning was done on Google Earth by identifying the permanent

structure like Bridge location, major culverts or any topographic features which is
visible on the Google imagery and that can be later identified on Drone Imagery.
Differential GPS instrument (compatible with L1/L2 & Glonass) has been utilized for
this process to achieve “Sub-meter accuracy” of the ground control points.
LiDAR Survey
LiDAR Survey was carried out on a 12 km road stretch called Donkarayi-Sileru Road
laterally bisecting the AOI.
Figs. 5.2 Area Surveyed by LiDAR

Fig. 5.3 LiDAR Point Cloud Data
Drone Survey
Flight Planning was done on Google Earth followed by actual Drone Survey on the
Ground.
Fig. 5.4 Flight Planning on Google Earth

Fig. 5.5 Drone Picture of the site area
5.1.5 Network of Benchmarks

Seventy Two numbers of control points were established in the entire project area and
mapping of the entire project area was carried out from these control points. Location of
the control points covering the entire project area is given in Table 5.1 and also shown
in Fig. 5.6.
Fig. 5.6 Control Points in the project area

Table 5.1: Details of Entire control points in the project area
Easting Northing Elevation

ID
(Meter) (Meter) (Meter)
BM1 609984.1974 1995265.3799 458.5164
GCP1 609561.0417 1996564.1449 419.3690
GCP2 609578.1502 1995465.5269 439.8127
GCP3 607507.1374 1994146.0412 336.1894
GCP4 607870.0665 1994920.4218 425.9005
GCP5 604489.9074 1990810.5619 337.4328
GCP6 596084.6253 1989286.5707 331.6974
GCP7 596753.8447 1987508.0159 337.6848
GCP8 598364.9683 1989743.2763 338.1079
GCP9 600791.1048 1989621.0162 345.6781
GCP10 602400.8748 1991370.8296 331.3732
GPSN1 611418.3627 1995076.2486 476.1406
GPSN1A 611354.9062 1995014.7644 480.3193
GPSN2 608177.3498 1994751.2015 363.5071
GPSN2A 608141.8689 1994720.4851 364.6743
GPSN3 604797.0953 1991180.4653 348.7866
TBM1 597045.3136 1988420.5829 338.3259
TBM2 596744.4360 1990006.7363 335.6180
TBM3 598621.6381 1989333.0239 317.7823
TBM4 597494.7193 1989493.4493 316.0437
TBM5 598255.0525 1988463.8473 339.6474
TBM6 599407.4059 1989691.6782 329.5009
TBM7 600172.2782 1989246.5385 340.6175
TBM8 600860.0565 1991027.1270 330.2699
TBM9 601405.9417 1990269.0571 319.7366
TBM10 603399.6590 1991627.4455 320.5103
TBM11 603531.4432 1992343.0767 339.4932
TBM12 605131.5381 1993071.6777 322.7580
TBM13/A26 605455.4442 1992136.7705 343.3526


ID
TBM14 606605.7152 1992784.2576 358.8957
TBM15 607277.0693 1995764.1536 403.5469
TBM16 608217.4241 1996481.6282 394.9436
TBM17 609503.1762 1995861.4932 433.7025
TBM18 609849.5063 1995763.5437 437.7945
TBM19 602504.3134 1991811.9729 325.5893
TBM21 599881.5393 1990295.5214 328.5524
TBM22 603021.6390 1990523.9803 349.2500
TBM23 601730.1957 1989530.0430 346.7718
TBM24 601523.2842 1990874.7793 343.1051
TBM25/GPSN3A 604879.5020 1991312.0136 353.2573
TBM26 607258.7111 1993576.1577 341.5977
TBM27 608358.2620 1994947.5362 384.2415
TBM28 607621.7740 1994355.1334 340.6126
TBM29 609898.8743 1995190.9169 453.2355
TBM30 609435.2661 1995622.7879 436.4099
TBM31 609505.3415 1996254.6612 428.9709
TBM32 607091.6582 1996867.5710 351.2059
TBM33 609837.6905 1997048.5648 432.2993
TBM34 604540.7090 1991953.1362 352.0951
TBM35 604325.5053 1991422.5277 338.2279
TBM36 603108.4047 1992004.0561 349.1140
TBM37 603993.2733 1991806.7694 322.3122
TBM39 609614.3974 1995302.9015 441.5721
TBM40 610288.8045 1995352.8584 468.8981
TBM42 609054.7732 1996311.5321 421.2612
TBM43 608719.4460 1996408.8596 408.3036
TBM44 607399.8379 1997142.9339 350.8638
TBM45 607584.7946 1996584.5064 390.7080
TBM46 606819.2023 1996485.1143 366.5653


ID
TBM47 607081.1033 1994671.4847 336.1002
TBM48 605887.7104 1993191.2233 344.3617
TBM49 605046.7298 1992184.0944 338.2397
TBM50 596113.2915 1989458.2540 347.8881
TBM51 596612.6099 1989786.1900 333.5769
TBM52 602523.1445 1990019.4439 342.6674
TBM53 606956.7900 1993269.8285 347.1594
TBM54/A10 609079.1713 1995594.1824 432.9457
TBM55 598424.4511 1989581.4646 326.3670
TBM56 601170.7724 1990770.0805 342.1045
TBM57 607587.7275 1995592.4356 407.8890
TBM58 609533.0522 1996987.8083 465.1135
TBM60/A11 608853.0892 1995322.6342 421.4673
5.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS IN THE RESERVOIR AREA
The rubber dam is proposed at 7.2 km upstream within the existing Donkarayi reservoir
with a FRL of EL +316.0 m, thus, this dam will act as a storage structure in the existing
reservoir. Therefore, no reservoir is forming due to construction of this dam. Since,
there is no archaeological structures are exists in the existing Donkarayi reservoir, no
separate surveys are considered under this project.
5.3 MINERAL SURVEYS IN THE CATCHMENT AREA
As the proposed rubber dam weir is to be constructed in the existing Donkarai reservoir,
thus, there is no known minerals found in the area, no mineral survey has been carried
out.
5.4 RIGHT OF WAY SURVEYS FOR THE RESERVOIR
The proposed road leading to the project area has been surveyed by LiDAR. Andhra
Pradesh Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGENCO) should be given right of
way for these roads in order to have access at various project components.

5.5 COMMUNICATION SURVEYS
Project site offices are proposed to be located within the project area itself. The project
is connected with two railway head, one is Visakhapatnam railway station and another
is Rajahmundry railway station. Both railway stations are on meter gauge (M.G) and
are well connected by roads with Sileru which is a nearby village of the project.
The road distance from Visakhapatnam railway station (MG) to Sileru is 189 km and
from Rajahmundry railway station is 200 km which are two lane black top roads. The
nearest domestic airport is in Visakhapatnam / Rajahmundry.
At present the Power house site is not directly approachable by Road. The existing
above mentioned roads are used to approach the major project components such as
Power House & Surge Shafts. The Power House site is located about 2.5 km from
village Sileru. The weir site is approachable from Mangampadu village and is about 23
km from Sileru. Since all the project components has been aligned on the left bank of
the river, it is proposed to strengthening the existing bridges on the canals / streams of
River Sileru through which all material and machineries for the Power house complex
will be supplemented.
Apart from widening of the existing road network and construction of bridges, for
which enough provision has been kept in the cost part, there are no. of RCC and
Masonry culverts falling the route, which also needs strengthening.
5.6 GEOLOGY & GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
The Geological / Geotechnical Investigations and Studies covered the following:
1. Geotechnical Investigation
i) Drilling ii) Drifting

iii) In-situ tests iv) Laboratory tests
2. Geological mapping and Geological studies

3. Construction materials survey
4. Water Quality test & River Silt test.
5. Geophysical surveys

6. Seismotectonic evaluation
During the course of the field investigations, several traverses were undertaken on the
alignment along the river for conducting geological and geotechnical investigations.
Drilling activity was started with four drill holes at Intake location at the location given
in the PFR. Due to significant level difference found in ground levels in the course of
topographic survey works being carried out simultaneously, the project alignment had
been modified. The selection of final alignment was done after considering various
alternatives which have been discussed in Chapter-1. Location of project components
Location of other project components were also critically analyzed keeping in view the
site conditions. Further, due to insufficient storage available at the proposed weir
location as per FR, weir axis was shifted to downstream.
5.7 SEISMICITY
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), formerly Indian Standard Institution had initially
divided India into five seismic zones (Zone I to Zone V). However, the Bureau have
subsequently revised the five seismic zones into four seismic zones by merging zones
I & II (Fig. 1). The Seismic Zoning map of India places the area of the Upper Sileru
Pumped Storage Project in seismic zone II which has less intensity earthquakes.
As per the BIS, the maximum earthquake intensity in future earthquakes in different
seismic zones can be of the order indicated below:
Zone Maximum earthquake intensity
II VI
III VII
IV VIII
V IX & above
Earthquakes in the recent past have occurred along and off the Andhra Pradesh coast
and in regions in the Godavari river valley. In the north, faults associated with the
Godavari Graben show movement during the Holocene epoch. Another NW-SE
trending active fault called the Kaddam Fault runs in a section of the northern Andhra
Pradesh and continues in the same direction towards Bhusawal in north Maharashtra.
The other prominent active fault is the Gundlakamma Fault which trends in a NW-SE

direction from near Ongole on the coast running inland in the same direction for about
100 kilometres. Several smaller faults have been found in the delta region and along
the coast near Vishakhapatnam. However, it must be stated that proximity to faults does
not necessarily translate into a higher hazard as compared to areas located further away,
as damage from earthquakes depends on numerous factors such as subsurface geology
as well as adherence to the building codes.
Seismic Hazard
The seismic hazard map of India was updated in 2000 by the Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS). According to the new map, the state of Andhra Pradesh lies in Zones II and III.
The south-eastern districts of Chitoor, Cudappah and Nellore have been placed in Zone
III. Sections of Anantapur district which formerly lay in Zones II and III of the 1984
BIS map now lies in Zone II. Districts that lie in the Godavari and Krishna river valleys,
including the Godavari-Krishna delta region lie in Zone III.
Largest Instrumented Earthquake in Andhra Pradesh

13 April 1969 - Kichanapalle-Gollagudem area, Andhra Pradesh, M 5.7
This event is often referred to as the Bhadrachalam earthquake of 1969. It is among the
strongest earthquakes in the southern peninsula. The shock caused considerable damage
in and around Bhadrachalam. The maximum observed intensity was VII. The quake
interrupted the functioning of the Kinnersani reservoir for a while. It was felt all over
south India, including at Hyderabad, where people ran out into the streets in panic.
Significant Earthquakes in Andhra Pradesh*

The following list briefly outlines known earthquakes in this region which either had
observed intensities of V or higher (historical events) or had known magnitudes of M5.0
or more (instrumented events). General locations are provided for historical events for
which “generalized” epicentral coordinates are available. Some events which were
significant for other reasons are also included. Please note that Magnitude and Intensity
are NOT THE SAME.
30 March 1980 - Chodavaram area, Andhra Pradesh, Mb 4.4

Maximum observed intensity V. This region lies to the north of Rajahmundry.
08 April 1982 - Bay of Bengal, Mw 5.2

This event was centered in the Bay of Bengal. The epicentre was located roughly 150
kilometres south of Puri, Orissa and 188 kms east of Baruva, Andhra Pradesh.
30 June 1983 - Masaipet-Tupran area, Andhra Pradesh, Mb 4.9

Maximum intensity of V near Medchal. This region lies to the north of Hyderabad. This
earthquake shows a strike-slip mechanism. Felt over 4,50,000 square miles. Some
portions of tiled roofs and a mud wall collapsed at Kishtpur and Bandamailaram.
Tremors were felt for 20 seconds in the epicentral region.
01 July 1985 - Bay of Bengal, Mw 5.4

This event was centered in the Bay of Bengal. The epicentre was located roughly 214
kilometres south-east of Puri, Orissa and 280 kms east of Baruva, Andhra Pradesh.
26 December 2004 - Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, Mw 9.1

A “very great” earthquake struck the North Indian Ocean & the Bay of Bengal at 00:58
UTC on 26 December 2004. 2,30,210 people were are estimated to have been killed in
the Indian Ocean-wide tsunami generated by this earthquake, including at least 105 in
Andhra Pradesh.
Acronyms Used:
Mw=Moment Magnitude, Mb=Body Wave Magnitude
* Source: http://asc-india.org/seismi/seis-andhra-pradesh.htm
5.8 FOUNDATION INVESTIGATIONS
5.8.1 Exploration by Drilling
The scope of work for Geotechnical Investigation for the said project envisages drilling
of boreholes in the various components of the project areas.
Details of bore holes to be drilled and the probable depth is indicated in below

Table 2: Details of Bore holes proposed
No Component Qty Depth

1. Diversion Weir Site 6 Overburden – 10 m
Fresh rock – 20 m to 50 m each
2. Head race tunnel 1 At Surge Shaft site – 145 m
10 Along the length of HRT – 125
m each
2 Drifts - 200 m each
3. Penstock 3
4. Surge Shaft 3 145 m each
5. Intake 3 50 m each
6. Tail Race tunnel 6 60 m each
7. Power house 4 175 m each
1 Drift – 200 m
8. Transformer hall 3 175 m each
1 200 m each
9. Adits 24 50 m each
Total No. of BH 67
5.8.2 Locations of Drill Holes
Total 62 drill holes envisaged covering entire proposed alignment of the project and the
locations of these drill holes are indicated in
Table .
The coordinates mentioned in this table are taken at the drilling site using handheld
GPS and also given in the respective log sheet of the drill hole.
Table 5.3: Coordinates of Proposed BH
Location Depth
No. Easting Northing Latitude Longitude
ID (in M)
1 D1 609896.099 1996198.884 18° 3' 5.627" N 82° 2' 18.085" E 45
2 D2 609941.264 1996060.282 18° 3' 1.109" N 82° 2' 19.595" E 50
3 D3 609795.059 1996093.810 18° 3' 2.227" N 82° 2' 14.629" E 50
18° 2' 55.334"

4 D4 609823.457 1995882.100 82° 2' 15.554" E 50
N

Location Depth
ID (in M)
18° 2' 45.274"

5 D5 609829.501 1995572.933 82° 2' 15.701" E 60
N
18° 2' 46.392"

6 D6 609683.320 1995606.449 82° 2' 10.736" E 60
N
18° 2' 33.165"

7 D7 609666.992 1995199.811 82° 2' 10.103" E 65
N
18° 2' 16.452"

8 D8 609607.762 1994685.772 82° 2' 7.991" E 65
N
18° 2' 18.454"

9 D9 609470.623 1994746.536 82° 2' 3.338" E 65
N
10 D10 609223.268 1994337.018 18° 2' 5.176" N 82° 1' 54.849" E 85
18° 1' 57.705"

11 D11 608763.351 1994104.810 82° 1' 39.164" E 115
N
12 D12 608746.619 1994253.874 18° 2' 2.557" N 82° 1' 38.623" E 115
18° 1' 56.584"

13 D13 608440.285 1994068.557 82° 1' 28.171" E 70
N
18° 1' 59.009"

14 D14 608431.935 1994143.059 82° 1' 27.901" E 70
N
15 D15 608423.553 1994217.621 18° 2' 1.436" N 82° 1' 27.630" E 70
18° 1' 54.749"

16 D16 608069.630 1994010.135 82° 1' 15.555" E 100
N
18° 1' 57.726"

17 D17 608059.396 1994101.580 82° 1' 15.224" E 100
N
18 D18 608049.085 1994192.981 18° 2' 0.702" N 82° 1' 14.891" E 100
18° 1' 54.409"

19 D19 607970.395 1993999.130 82° 1' 12.178" E 65
N
18° 1' 57.384"

20 D20 607960.127 1994090.517 82° 1' 11.846" E 65
N
21 D21 607949.868 1994181.989 18° 2' 0.362" N 82° 1' 11.514" E 65
18° 1' 50.095"

22 D22 607534.783 1993864.139 82° 0' 57.339" E 55
N

Location Depth
ID (in M)
18° 1' 54.192"

23 D23 607452.576 1993989.606 82° 0' 54.567" E 55
N
18° 1' 43.312"

24 D24 607075.871 1993653.122 82° 0' 41.694" E 50
N
18° 1' 40.477"

25 D25 606803.743 1993564.488 82° 0' 32.423" E 50
N
18° 1' 36.380"

26 D26 606885.950 1993439.020 82° 0' 35.195" E 50
N
18° 1' 27.877"

27 D27 606194.993 1993173.892 82° 0' 11.650" E 55
N
18° 1' 25.034"

28 D28 605762.655 1993084.177 81° 59' 56.931" E 55
N
18° 1' 20.484"

29 D29 605817.636 1992944.616 81° 59' 58.775" E 55
N
18° 1' 21.325"

30 D30 605672.589 1992968.086 81° 59' 43.646" E 50
N
18° 1' 19.487"

31 D31 605531.290 1992912.419 81° 59' 49.032" E 20
N
18° 2' 31.996"

32 D32 609341.566 1995162.057 82° 1' 59.028" E 75
N
18° 2' 20.812"

33 D33 609577.618 1994819.606 82° 2' 6.991" E 65
N
18° 1' 50.936"

34 D34 608188.798 1993893.588 82° 1' 19.586" E 20
N
18° 1' 46.417"

35 D35 607863.962 1993752.876 82° 1' 8.513" E 90
N
36 D36 607717.278 1994246.465 18° 2' 2.501" N 82° 1' 3.617" E 50
18° 1' 32.636"

37 D37 607000.000 1993324.545 82° 0' 39.053" E 50
N
38 D38 609918.006 1996294.405 18° 3' 8.730" N 82° 2' 18.849" E 45
18° 2' 26.653"

39 D39 609698.426 1994999.811 82° 2' 11.134" E 65
N

Location Depth
ID (in M)
18° 2' 26.687"

40 D40 609544.227 1995000.000 82° 2' 5.890" E 65
N
41 D41 609447.142 1994435.735 18° 2' 8.347" N 82° 2' 2.481" E 75
18° 2' 10.627"

42 D42 609307.069 1994505.044 82° 1' 57.730" E 75
N
18° 1' 59.415"

43 D43 609028.801 1994158.871 82° 1' 48.202" E 105
N
44 D44 608985.847 1994300.535 18° 2' 4.032" N 82° 1' 46.768" E 105
18° 1' 59.593"

45 D45 608600.000 1994161.946 82° 1' 33.620" E 130
N
18° 1' 55.384"

46 D46 608256.248 1994030.662 82° 1' 21.905" E 95
N
18° 1' 58.360"

47 D47 608246.044 1994122.094 82° 1' 21.575" E 95
N
48 D48 608235.830 1994213.525 18° 2' 1.337" N 82° 1' 21.245" E 95
18° 1' 56.148"

49 D49 607702.564 1994051.115 82° 1' 3.080" E 55
N
18° 1' 32.666"

50 D50 606569.229 1993323.126 82° 0' 24.404" E 50
N
18° 2' 36.600"

51 D51 609392.847 1995303.863 82° 2' 0.799" E 50
N
18° 2' 24.899"

52 D52 609292.928 1994943.652 82° 1' 57.333" E 140
N
18° 2' 22.929"

53 D53 609365.771 1994883.508 82° 1' 59.799" E 100
N
18° 2' 21.590"

54 D54 609500.000 1994843.100 82° 2' 4.356" E 70
N
18° 1' 50.298"

55 D55 608408.942 1993875.189 82° 1' 27.069" E 50
N
18° 1' 54.580"

56 D56 608447.342 1994007.025 82° 1' 28.399" E 60
N

Location Depth
ID (in M)
18° 1' 47.915"

57 D57 608071.571 1993800.080 82° 1' 15.582" E 110
N
58 D58 608046.464 1994376.304 18° 2' 6.666" N 82° 1' 14.836" E 75
59 D59 608120.805 1994374.837 18° 2' 6.605" N 82° 1' 17.364" E 100
60 D60 608112.050 1994333.657 18° 2' 5.267" N 82° 1' 17.058" E 85
61 D61 607958.223 1994218.314 18° 2' 1.542" N 82° 1' 11.805" E 65
18° 1' 41.790"

62 D62 607242.127 1993607.253 82° 0' 47.339" E 45
N
5.9 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL INVESTIGATIONS
It is proposed to use excavated material from the tunnels, underground structures as

construction material after testing. Estimated quantities given in PFR, indicate about 7
lacs m3 concrete for construction of civil works. Total excavation in hard rock is
estimated to be of the order of 100 lacs m3 which is much in excess of the requirement
of total coarse aggregate even after selecting the suitable aggregate by conducting tests.
Hence, no additional quarry may be required for coarse aggregate. The fine aggregate
may have to be obtained from crushing the excavated rock or from carefully selected
borrow areas around the project site. Limited quantities of sand may also be available
from the bed of the river Sileru. The tests for coarse and fine aggregates have to be
conducted as per IS: 383 /2386 or international standards. For coarse aggregate, these
would include aggregate abrasion value (Los Angeles), aggregate crushing value,
specific gravity, bulk density, alkali aggregate reactivity, etc., and for fine aggregate
these will include grain size analysis, bulk density, silt content, mortar making
properties, etc.
5.10 HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
The hydrological studies for Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project have been carried out
based on Hydrological data of the observation sites located in the project area and around
on river Sileru. There is no site specific data available at the project site or at any section

upstream of it. Hydro meteorological and sediment data collected so far and hydrological
studies are given in Chapter- Hydrology.

CHAPTER-VI
HYDROLOGY
Chapter.6: Hydrology 6-i PFR

CHAPTER-VI
HYDROLOGY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.2 River System 6-1
6.3 Data Availability 6-4
6.4 Water Availability Study 6-4
6.5 Design Flood Studies 6-6
6.5.1 Design Flood Criteria 6-6
6.5.1.1 Design Flood Criteria – Dam 6-6
6.5.1.2 Design Flood Criteria – Barrage 6-6
6.5.2 Estimation of Design Flood Based on Unit Hydrograph 6-7
Method
6.5.2.1 Design Storm 6-7
6.5.2.2 Design Flood 6-10
6.6 Sedimentation Studies 6-11
6.6.1 General 6-11
6.6.2 Assessment of Sediment Inflow Rate 6-11
6.6.3 Criteria and Methodology 6-12
Chapter.6: Hydrology 6-i PFR

CHAPTER-VI
HYDROLOGY
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Since the existing Upper Sileru Hydel Project on Sileru river is incapable to meet the present
day’s demand of peak load, it has been decided to investigate possibility of providing an
additional storage of one TMC water, which can be used for generation of power during peak
demand hour only and same water can be pumped in the storage using excess energy available
from existing hydel project during off peak hour. Thus pumped storage plants have the
advantages of generating electricity at lower cost compared to other peak load plants (gas
and diesel power plants).
6.2 RIVER SYSTEM
Sileru River is a tributary of Sabari River. It originates in Andhra Pradesh and also flows
through Odisha before merging with Sabari. Sileru (known as Machkund in its upper reaches)
river joins Sabari river at tri-junction boundary point of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and
Odisha states. Sabari river crosses the border into Andhra Pradesh to merge with Godavari
river.
Sileru River is a part of Lower Godavari sub-basin which falls in Godavari basin.
The Sileru river rises at a general altitude of 1524 m above MSL and drains the western face
of the Eastern Ghats known as Machkund, in its uppermost reaches, it flows in a north-westerly
direction upto Chikanput, where it takes a sharp right angle bend and flows due south-west to
its confluence with the Sabari, an important tributary of the Godavari River. The river lies in a
hilly region and is covered with light jungle in the upper reaches (above Machkund) and dense
mature forest in the lower reaches. The area is sparsely populated and malarial.
For most of its course, the river is characterized by relatively lowe bed slopes, sharp drops being
encountered at the Duduma Falls (550 Ft.) and of the order of 300 ft. each in sharp bends of the
river below Guntawada and up stream of Polluru. Valley characteristics are generally
favourable for providing storage to regulate flow and the sharp drops lend themselves for
economic hydro-electric developments.
Chapter.6: Hydrology 6-1 PFR

Sileru river has huge potential of hydro electricity generation which has been substantially
harnessed by constructing Machkund (120 MW), Balimela (510 MW), Upper Sileru (240 MW),
Donkarayi (25 MW) and Lower Sileru hydro (460 MW) power projects. Chitrakonda (60 MW)
hydro project located at the toe of Balimela earth dam is planned to utilise the head available
across the earth dam. The catchment areas of Sileru river intercepted by various project sites
are tabulated below.
Table-6.1: Catchment Areas intercepted by Projects in Sileru River Basin
S.No. Name of the Reservoir Intercepted Intercepted

Catchment Area Catchment Area
(Sq. Km.) (Sq. mile)
1 Jalaput Dam (Machkund HE Project) 2222 858
2 Balimela Dam (Balimela HE Project) 4910 1896
3 Guntawada Dam (Upper Sileru HE 5164 1994
Project)
4 Donkarayi Dam (Lower Sileru HE 5882 2271
Project)
An index map showing the river system and all the existing projects thereon is enclosed at Fig.
6.1. Catchment area of proposed Structure at Guntawada reservoir is appended at the end of the
chapter.
SILERU RIVER SYSTEM

SABARI RIVER
GUNTAWADA DAM JALAPUT DAM

1994 Sq. Miles 858 Sq. Miles
DONKARAYI DAM BALIMELA DAM SILERU RIVER

2271 Sq. Miles 1896 Sq. Miles
GODAVRI RIVER

Figure 6.1: Sileru River Basin Map

6.3 DATA AVAILABILITY
Inflows into the reservoir of Upper Sileru Hydel Project are regularly observed and available
for the period from 1999 to 2017. The monthly inflow series thus available is shown in Annex
VI-1 which has been analyzed to find out availability of required quantity of water for the
additional storage as well as the energy available from existing generating unit for recycling
the water.
6.4 WATER AVAILABILITY STUDY
The river Sileru involves an interstate aspect having Odisha as upper riparian state and Andhra
Pradesh as lower riparian state. A hydel project with storage, known as Balimela Hydel Project
is located just U/s of interstate border i.e. in Odisha. The project uses a part of its upstream
inflows for hydel generation and there after diverting the same water to irrigation command
located in adjoining tributary of Sabari river ie Potteru’s catchment in Odisha territory. The
requirement of the irrigation command as per project report is shown in Annex VI-2.
At Balimela project site, both the Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Odisha states have entered into an
agreement for constructing Balimela dam as a joint project and share the Sileru river waters
available equally at Balimela dam site.
Available 18 year’s inflow records at Upper Sileru project site and the irrigation requirement
for Potteru command have been analyzed accordingly as shown in table at Annex VI-3. The
plot of annual flows at Balimela dam site is shown below.
95.00 Virgin Flow- Guntawada Reservoir

90.00
85.00
80.00
75.00
70.00
65.00
Virgin Flow- Guntawada Reservoir
60.00
55.00
50.00
Figure 6.2: Virgin Flow-Guntawada Reservoir

Using annual inflow values at Balimela project site, the flow duration diagram is drawn and
shown below. Annual flows with dependability of 50%, 75% and 90% at Balimela project site
and corresponding flows to be available at Upper Sileru project site are tabulated below.
Flow Duration Curve At Guntawada Reservoir

95.00
90.00 Flow Duration Curve At

ANNUAL VIRGIN FLOW (TMC)
Guntawada Reservoir
85.00
80.00
75.00
70.00
65.00
60.00
55.00
50.00
2006-2007
2007-2008
2014-2015
1999-2000
2003-2004
2004-2005
2013-2014
2015-2016
2008-2009
2017-2018
2005-2006
2001-2002
2010-2011
2016-2017
2000-2001
2011-2012
2012-2013
2009-2010
2002-2003
Probability of Exceedance
Figure 6.3: Flow Duration Curve-Guntawada Reservoir
Table-6.2: Total Net Flow in Sileru River at Guntawada Reservoir
DEPEDABILITY TMC MCM
50% 80.34 2274.53
75% 75.42 2135.25
90% 67.50 1910.84
Annual flows to be available at Upper Sileru Project site have been segregated into monthly
flows as per the ratios based on observed inflow series recorded at Upper Sileru Project site.
The monthly flow series thus obtained is tabulated and appended at Annex VI-4. This monthly
flow series have been simulated at Upper Sileru Hydel Project site to find out the availability
of required quantum of water for proposed Pump Storage Hydel Project at Upper Sileru Hydel
Project Site.

6.5 DESIGN FLOOD STUDIES
6.5.1 DESIGN FLOOD CRITERIA
6.5.1.1 DESIGN FLOOD CRITERIA – DAM
The criteria for inflow design flood is given in IS: 11223-1985 "Guidelines for fixing spillway
capacity". The dams may be classified according to size by using the hydraulic head (from
normal or annual average flood level on the downstream to the maximum water level) and the
gross storage behind the dam as given below. The overall size classification for the dam would
be greater of the following two parameters:
TABLE-6.3: Dam Classification Criteria
CLASSIFICATION GROSS STORAGE HYDRAULIC HEAD
SMALL Between 0.5 and 10 million m3 Between 7.5 m and 12 m
INTERMEDIATE Between 10 and 60 million m3 Between 12 m and 30 m
LARGE Greater than 60 million m3 Greater than 30 m
The inflow design flood for safety of the dam would be as follows:
TABLE-6.4: Dam Classification Criteria
Size as determined above Inflow design flood for safety of dam
Generally 50 years return period flood should be

adopted for design of surplussing arrangement.
SMALL Where dam breach may cause loss of human lives or
great damage to property etc, the inflow design flood
may be adopted as per IS 11223 : 1985
INTERMEDIATE Standard project flood (SPF)
LARGE Probable maximum flood (PMF)
6.5.1.2 DESIGN FLOOD CRITERIA – BARRAGE

A return period of 100 years is generally adopted in the design of important and costly barrage
structures where possible consequences of failure are very serious. Accordingly, the estimation
of design flood will be carried out for various return periods of 100 years, 200 and 500 years
subject to Client’s concurrence. However, the actual recorded peak flood discharge will be
reviewed for design if it exceeds the discharge calculated for the concerned return period.

6.5.2 ESTIMATION OF DESIGN FLOOD BASED ON UNIT HYDROGRAPH METHOD
For derivation of unit hydrograph at the dam site proper short interval concurrent rainfall and
runoff data at the site is imperative. Since, no such data is available the procedure given in the
Flood Estimation Report published by CWC, for streams/rivers having small catchments in
India have been followed. The whole country is divided into Sub-Zones and as per the report,
the Sub Zone – 3(f) is applicable for proposed project i.e. proposed Structure on Sileru Near
Guntawada Reservoir, Andhra Pradesh for deriving the unit hydrograph for the project
catchments. The unit hydrographs developed accordingly for the project catchments are given
(Proposed Structure on Sileru at Guntawada reservoir are annexed as Annexure – VI- 5).
6.5.2.1 DESIGN STORM
For design flood studies of proposed Structure on Sileru Near Guntawada Reservoir, Andhra
Pradesh, the design storm values are required i.e. rainfall having return period of 25 years, 50
years, 100 years, Standard Project Storm (SPS) and Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP)
are required. These 25, 50 and 100 year return period design storm were estimated from the
iso-pluvial maps shown in the Flood Estimation Report for Lower Godavari Sub zone (3f)
whereas 2 Day SPS were taken from CWC’s PMP Atlas for Godavari River Basin (November
2014). The SPS is the highest storm depth recorded over the catchment or 500 year return period
depth, whichever is higher. Accordingly, 48 – hour storm may suffice for design flood peak,
which was considered in the study.
Considering the orography and location of the catchment, rainstorms that can affect this
catchment have been analysed using the DAD method. The storm centred over Koida (17.75
N, 81.33 E) which occurred on 16th - 17th June, 1996 was used as a contributory rainstorm to
the 2-day rainstorm DAD envelope of Godavari Basin (317) for catchment area equal to 5,000
Sq. Km. The 2-day rainstorm DAD envelope for Godavari Catchment is shown in Fig: 6.4.

Figure 6.4: 2 Day DAD Curve-Godavari Basin

Source: CWC’s PMP Atlas for Godavari River Basin (November 2014)
The in-situ Standard Project Storm (SPS) were read from corresponding DAD envelope curves
of the basin for 2-day duration. These SPS (in-situ) values were multiplied with the MMF to
obtain in-situ PMP values. SPS (in-situ), contributing storm, MMF and PMP (in-situ) for 1-
day, 2-day, and 3-day durations for different areas for the catchment are given in Table 6.5.
TABLE-6.5: SPS/PMP values for Godavari Basin (317)

Source: CWC’s PMP Atlas for Godavari River Basin (November 2014)
The 25, 50, 100 year return period depths along with Standard Project Storm and Probable
Maximum Precipitation depths for the proposed structures are enlisted below in Table 6.6.
TABLE-6.6: Design Storm

Probable
100 year Standard
Proposed 25 year 24- 50 year 24 Maximum
24 Hour Project
S.No. Diversion Hour Rainfall Hour Rainfall Precipitation
Rainfall Storm
Structure (mm) (mm) (PMP)
(mm) (SPS) (mm)
(mm)
Sileru
1 (Guntawada 233.54 272.46 301.87 674.58 809.18
Reservoir)
Conversion Factor for converting maximum 1 - day rainfall (observed at 0830 hrs daily) to
maximum 24 hr depth unrestricted by observational hour, known as Clock Hour Correction -
CHC: 1.15
Resultant Areal SPS Depth (mm): Point SPS X ARFX 1.15.
6.5.2.2 DESIGN FLOOD
The 48 hour design storm in four bells (12 hourly) has been adopted with its time distribution
as given in CWC’s report for convolution on the unit hydrograph developed for each of the
project catchments and the flood values for 25, 50 and 100 year return period and Standard
Project Flood(SPF) as well Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) has been convoluted with time
distribution as given in CWC’s PMP Atlas for Godavari Basin (November 2014) obtained
accordingly with the addition of Base flow at the rate of 0.05 cumecs/sq.km for Proposed
structure on Sileru River respectively are given as(Annexure – VI-5).
The Design Flood are tabulated below:
TABLE-6.7: Design Flood
25 year Standard Probable

Proposed 100 year
Return 50 year Project Maximum
S.No. Diversion Return
Return
Period Period Flood (SPF) Flood (PMF)
Structure Period (m3/s)
(m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s)
Sileru
1 (Guntawada 13588 16232 18233 43694 52889
Reservoir)

6.6 SEDIMENTATION STUDIES
6.6.1 GENERAL
In order to estimate the extent of reduction in the live capacity of the reservoir it is necessary
to determine the sediment trapped over a period and predict its distribution at various levels of
the pondage. It is well known that life of the reservoir is very much affected by sedimentation.
Therefore, it is very necessary that the capacity lost in the reservoir due to sedimentation during
its life is accounted properly. As the life of the hydro power project is considered to be 100
year, therefore, 50 years of reservoir sedimentation is considered for revised Elevation Area
Capacity curve for use in the simulation studies. The outlet sill level of the reservoir is kept
well above the 100 year New Zero Elevation (NZE). The procedure discussed in CBIP
publication No 19 “life of the reservoir” is used for obtaining the New Zero Elevation and the
revised Elevation-Area-Capacity curves expected after 50 yr. and 100 yr. sedimentation
respectively. The 100 year sediment load for the new zero elevation has been used for fixing
water supply outlets and MDDL of the reservoir. The 50 year revised area capacity curves for
reservoir would be used in the simulation/ working table studies.
6.6.2 ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT INFLOW RATE
Since no silt observations are available as yet for the project site proposed on Sileru, the rate of
sedimentation is inferred from the report published by CWC “Compendium on Silting of
Reservoirs in India, 2015”. An extract of the said report is given below for consideration of
sediment rate in the project area.

Figure 6.5: Sedimentation Rate
Accordingly, the annual sediment load at proposed structure at Guntawada reservoir on sileru
river has been estimated assuming 0.378 mm/yr from their intercepted catchments which rather
gives a conservative estimate in view of existing projects upstream of proposed projects which
are tabulated below.
TABLE-6.7: Sedimentation Entrapped
25 Year 50 Year 70 Year 100 Year

Proposed
Sediment Sediment Sediment Sediment
Diversion
Entrapped Entrapped Entrapped Entrapped
Structure
(MCM) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM)
Sileru
72.30 144.60 202.44 289.20
(Guntawada
Reservoir)
6.6.3 CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY
The sediment accumulation at the dam intake face (new zero elevation) have been provided for
a period of 100 years of sedimentation and the storage reservoir performance carried out based

on revised area capacity curve after 50 years of siltation. Sedimentation studies have
accordingly been made for different time horizons in the following steps.
 Classification of sediment severity problem

 Determination of accumulated or trapped sediment volume
 Determination of type of reservoir
 Determination of New Zero elevation after 25, 50, 70& 100 years and distribution of
sediment for the same by Borland and Miller’s Empirical Area Reduction Method
 Computation of Revised Area- Capacities of Reservoir
i) Classification of sediment problem
Brune has developed curve which relate the capacity inflow ratio with reservoir trap efficiency
and he has also shown in his study that the capacity-inflow (C/I) ratio offers a much closer
correlation with reservoir trap efficiency and hence this method is widely used to find out the
trap efficiency. Keeping this in view, in the present study Brune’s Curve has been used for
finding out the trap efficiency, which is considered for estimating average annual silt load,
which determines the nature of silting problem.
To determine the severity of sedimentation problem at the dam site, as per the capacity inflow
ratio (C/I), the trap efficiency is worked out from Brune’s Curve. Using sediment rate of 0.378
mm/yr, the average annual sediment volume, the percentage ratio of average sediment volume
and gross capacity of the reservoir is determined. The sediment analysis results for proposed
dams are enclosed through Annexure- VI-6. Since the trapped annual sediment volume is not
greater than 0.5% of capacity reservoir, the sedimentation problem is not considered as
serious.
ii) Determination of sediment volume
Total Silt load depends on the rate of sediment inflow and reservoirs trap efficiency. The trap
efficiency of a reservoir is defined as ratio of the deposited sediment to the total sediment
inflow. The trap efficiency depends on the sediment load characteristics and the detention
time of the inflow and the age of the reservoir. The important sediment characteristics are the
grade, size distribution and the behavior of finer fractions under the influence of varying
concentration, dissolved load, temperature etc.

iii) Determination of type of reservoir
As per Borland and Millar of U.S.B.R. the distribution pattern of sediment has been classified
into four standard types namely (A) Gorge (B) Hill (C) Foot plain – Foot hill and (D) Lake.
The shape of the reservoir is defined by depth to capacity relationship and classification is as
under:
M Reservoir Type Standard classification
1-1.5 Gorge IV
1.5 – 2.5 Hill III
2.5 – 3.5 Foot – plain- Foot hill II

3.5 - 4.5 Lake I
Where M is the reciprocal of the slope of the line obtained by plotting reservoir depth as
ordinate and reservoir capacity as abscissa on log-log paper. The depth v/s capacity curve on
log-log scale were plotted (refer Fig-1 of Annexure- VI-6) and reciprocal of slope is found
out in order to categorize the reservoir type. Given the nature of topography, it is expected
that lower portion of reservoir will get lost partly due to higher rate of siltation during initial
years after reservoir construction as well as encroachment by the rolling bed load of pebbles,
boulders etc. As stated above, from this consideration the reciprocal of slope, the reservoir
type have been found to be in category Type-IV (Gorge Type) reservoir for proposed
structures on Sileru river. Consequently reservoir types has been taken in the subsequent
analysis for sedimentation.
iv) Determination of New Zero elevation
The distribution of sediments was carried out by Empirical Area reduction method. It may be
worthwhile to mention that, empirical area reduction method is based on empirical sediment
distribution-area. Design curve for each of the four types of reservoir are used to distribute
the sediment throughout its depth. The equation for the design curve is of the following type:
A (P) = C.Pm (1-P) n
A = Non – dimensional relative area
P = Relative depth P, above the river bed

C, m and n = are non-dimensional constants which have been fixed depending on the types of
reservoir. These curves are used to work out the probable sediment deposition in the reservoir
at different depths.
Figure 6.6: Area Design Curve

The equations for design curves for the four type of
the reservoir are given below:
A(P) = 5.074 P1.85 (1-P)0.36 Type I

A(P) = 1.486 P-0.25 (1-P)1.34 Type IV
1.15 2.32
A(P) = 16.96 P (1-P) Type III
0.57 0.41
A(P) = 2.487 P (1-P) Type II
The New Zero Elevation after 25, 50, 70 and 100

years of silting was worked out by distributing the
sediments, using the Empirical Area Reduction
Method. From the relationship of type-IV, the
relative area and capacity of each of the elevation
were worked out assuming that the reservoir is silted up to the New Zero Elevation (NZE)
and the subsequent silt volume was found out and the revised area capacity were worked out.
The details of computation of New Zero Elevation after 25, 50, 70 and 100 years are presented
in Annexure-VI-6.
The detailed revised area-capacity curve after 25, 50, 70 and 100 years of sedimentation are
also appended in Annexure- VI-6.

Annexure VI-1
WATER RELEASES FROM BALIMELA RESERVOIR
TO GUNTAWADA RESERVOIR DURING THE WATER YEAR
1999-2000
MONTH Inflows in to Reservoir level at
& Guntawada the Beginning of
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 1999 3.6070
AUG 1999 3.3818 1463.10
SEP 1999 4.0593 1483.70
OCTO 1999 4.2822 1492.50
NOV 1999 7.7549 1495.60
DEC 1999 7.9619 1493.00
JAN 2000 8.5881 1487.80
FEB 2000 10.4861 1480.20
MAR 2000 6.5850 1469.20
APR 2000 8.9210 1459.90
MAY 2000 7.1411 1450.50
JUN 2000 4.6461 1440.00
Total 77.4145
2000-2001
MONTH WATER DRAWN Reservoir level at
& ( IN TMC) the Beginning of
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2000 4.7361 1439.15
AUG 2000 7.0507 1451.10
SEP 2000 3.4355 1458.65
OCTO 2000 5.7103 1464.10
NOV 2000 7.5065 1462.00
DEC 2000 6.9825 1457.50
JAN 2001 6.3757 1452.15
FEB 2001 4.8776 1447.10
MAR 2001 2.7389 1443.10
APR 2001 3.9705 1440.65
MAY 2001 1.4622 1434.95
JUN 2001 3.2005 1434.20
Total 58.0470
Annexure VI-1
2001-02
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2001 6.5209 1433.60
AUG 2001 6.5201 1454.70
SEP 2001 5.5336 1462.40
OCT 2001 2.7369 1466.10
NOV 2001 4.3220 1472.00
DEC 2001 6.0475 1469.90
JAN 2002 8.1690 1464.10
FEB 2002 7.7388 1458.60
MAR 2002 8.7565 1451.90
APR 2002 3.3901 1439.20
MAY 2002 2.8778 1434.30
JUN 2002 1.0242 1432.90
Total 63.6374
2002-03
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2002 1.2211 1432.50
AUG 2002 4.0521 1433.60
SEP 2002 2.7567 1451.10
OCTO 2002 3.7628 1458.10
NOV 2002 3.0849 1460.40
DEC 2002 4.1483 1460.00
JAN 2003 4.4522 1457.70
FEB 2003 2.7419 1452.70
MAR 2003 3.2364 1447.10
APR 2003 0.2269 1441.20
MAY 2003 0.0432 1439.10
JUN 2003 0.0402 1436.40
Total 29.7667
Annexure VI-1
2003-04
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2003 0.2541 1434.10
AUG 2003 1.6472 1462.60
SEP 2003 4.8264 1487.70
OCTO 2003 4.1525 1494.90
NOV 2003 4.2445 1504.80
DEC 2003 5.4911 1505.00
JAN 2004 10.5690 1502.80
FEB 2004 10.6136 1495.50
MAR 2004 14.0786 1487.10
APR 2004 9.0117 1474.20
MAY 2004 5.0554 1462.70
JUN 2004 6.9979 1455.60
Total 76.9420
2004-05
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2004 8.22645 1462.20
AUG 2004 6.31665 1459.00
SEP 2004 2.53315 1479.40
OCTO 2004 6.11928 1484.70
NOV 2004 5.19572 1487.00
DEC 2004 4.39979 1483.90
JAN 2005 7.65292 1479.40
FEB 2005 8.26682 1473.60
MAR 2005 9.74470 1465.80
APR 2005 5.91462 1456.30
MAY 2005 6.79514 1450.60
JUN 2005 5.52097 1442.60
Total 76.6862
Annexure VI-1
2005-06
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2005 5.38717 1439.50
AUG 2005 0.99925 1440.60
SEP 2005 1.02926 1454.70
OCTO 2005 0.63594 1482.80
NOV 2005 3.03235 1490.90
DEC 2005 5.36711 1493.80
JAN 2006 9.15361 1490.90
FEB 2006 10.03686 1484.10
MAR 2006 11.93140 1474.30
APR 2006 6.72100 1463.50
MAY 2006 6.36541 1452.90
JUN 2006 4.70775 1447.80
Total 65.3671
2006-07
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2006 6.73620 1445.10
AUG 2006 2.48420 1453.50
SEP 2006 8.70550 1514.70
OCTO 2006 9.24640 1516.00
NOV 2006 5.67750 1512.10
DEC 2006 9.23330 1508.40
JAN 2007 5.35400 1502.70
FEB 2007 7.25990 1497.50
MAR 2007 12.66630 1492.80
APR 2007 7.94850 1483.60
MAY 2007 6.95300 1474.80
JUN 2007 4.34980 1465.90
Total 86.6146
Annexure VI-1
2007-08
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2007 5.0699 1461.90
AUG 2007 4.0093 1471.80
SEP 2007 0.2385 1481.20
OCTO 2007 3.4208 1504.60
NOV 2007 7.6771 1514.00
DEC 2007 7.4811 1508.00
JAN 2008 8.9048 1500.60
FEB 2008 8.6327 1492.50
MAR 2008 11.8366 1488.70
APR 2008 8.7547 1474.00
MAY 2008 10.0694 1465.00
JUN 2008 10.2965 1454.40
Total 86.3914
2008-09
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2008 10.6710 1448.20
AUGUST 2008 6.4169 1446.90
SEPT 2008 3.8961 1469.80
OCT 2008 3.3524 1469.70
NOV 2008 3.7884 1479.60
DEC 2008 5.1684 1477.10
JAN 2009 10.6079 1472.00
FEB 2009 9.2776 1464.40
MAR 2009 10.2280 1456.10
APR 2009 2.7098 1448.20
MAY 2009 0.6330 1444.70
JUN 2009 0.7316 1441.70
Total 67.4811
Annexure VI-1
2009-10
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2009 2.7261 1437.50
AUGUST 2009 3.9713 1456.80
SEPT 2009 1.0909 1459.40
OCT 2009 3.4642 1464.20
NOV 2009 0.1973 1467.60
DEC 2009 0.1566 1471.40
JAN 2010 2.0130 1475.70
FEB 2010 8.4043 1477.50
MAR 2010 7.1362 1471.80
APR 2010 3.8012 1466.40
MAY 2010 6.2273 1460.90
JUN 2010 3.8078 1452.30
Total 42.9962
2010-11
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2010 4.3505 1445.30
AUGUST 2010 0.6169 1464.40
SEPT 2010 1.7062 1481.80
OCT 2010 3.6923 1503.30
NOV 2010 0.6368 1505.90
DEC 2010 5.4415 1508.80
JAN 2011 7.9110 1507.50
FEB 2011 6.6709 1501.40
MAR 2011 11.3644 1495.40
APR 2011 8.9088 1485.40
MAY 2011 5.2784 1474.60
JUN 2011 6.5965 1469.20
Total 63.1742
Annexure VI-1
2011-12
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2011 5.6399 1459.00
AUGUST 2011 4.7821 1449.80
SEPT 2011 0.3184 1450.50
OCT 2011 7.1269 1466.30
NOV 2011 0.3684 1463.00
DEC 2011 1.6032 1465.70
JAN 2012 6.6720 1467.10
FEB 2012 4.6720 1462.50
MAR 2012 10.8679 1458.50
APR 2012 5.4103 1447.70
MAY 2012 5.0073 1441.50
JUN 2012 4.8828 1439.30
Total 57.3512
2012-13
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2012 4.2891 1438.50
AUGUST 2012 0.0094 1451.00
SEPT 2012 0.2557 1478.30
OCT 2012 0.0003 1496.10
NOV 2012 6.6155 1503.20
DEC 2012 3.0568 1509.10
JAN 2013 5.9550 1509.10
FEB 2013 8.1928 1506.60
MAR 2013 11.7771 1502.40
APR 2013 8.6121 1494.90
MAY 2013 1.8425 1486.20
JUN 2013 3.8137 1482.00
Total 54.4200
Annexure VI-1
2013-14
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2013 4.3451 1477.90
AUGUST 2013 0.2024 1495.70
SEPT 2013 2.0153 1510.60
OCT 2013 6.6311 1512.70
NOV 2013 5.8796 1516.60
DEC 2013 8.5198 1513.90
JAN 2014 8.7010 1510.40
FEB 2014 5.2931 1505.90
MAR 2014 10.2171 1503.50
APR 2014 10.3607 1497.90
MAY 2014 4.8787 1491.70
JUN 2014 5.9529 1487.90
Total 72.9968
2014-15
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JULY 2014 1.9552 1482.20
AUGUST 2014 7.7487 1489.30
SEPT 2014 1.3234 1494.10
OCT 2014 3.2401 1504.20
NOV 2014 7.7645 1515.60
DEC 2014 7.7553 1513.10
JAN 2015 9.4107 1509.30
FEB 2015 8.5433 1505.40
MAR 2015 12.8967 1501.30
APR 2015 9.8604 1494.30
MAY 2015 7.4778 1489.70
JUN 2015 3.6881 1484.70
Total 81.6642
Annexure VI-1
2015-16
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JUL 2015 8.1752 1487.70
AUG 2015 8.4286 1484.30
SEP 2015 1.1202 1484.70
OCT 2015 3.7914 1499.90
NOV 2015 3.4856 1501.10
DEC 2015 6.7088 1500.00
JAN 2016 10.8763 1497.70
FEB 2016 9.9496 1492.40
MAR 2016 10.9117 1487.30
APR 2016 2.8339 1479.90
MAY 2016 1.8961 1477.00
JUN 2016 1.6970 1476.60
Total 69.8744
2016-17
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JUL 2016 2.2177 1477.40
AUG 2016 3.2328 1484.90
SEP 2016 0.9282 1497.10
OCT 2016 5.3802 1505.40
NOV 2016 3.1278 1507.20
DEC 2016 3.6993 1506.70
JAN 2017 5.9970 1503.09
FEB 2017 9.1238 1500.80
MAR 2017 11.7973 1496.40
APR 2017 4.0346 1485.90
MAY 2017 5.7702 1478.10
JUN 2017 4.1193 1467.00
Total 59.4282
Annexure VI-1
2017-18
YEAR the Month (Ft)
JUL 2017 0.0249 1458.30
AUG 2017 4.697 1473.10
SEP 2017 5.6047 1480.40
OCT 2017 5.0069 1479.70
NOV 2017 5.8465 1486.50
DEC 2017 8.5617 1483.80
JAN 2018 15.9265 1479.00
FEB 2018 9.7482 1467.30
MAR 2018 5.7257 1458.70
APR 2018 4.4333 1456.50
MAY 2018 1.6094 1453.30
JUN 2018 0.2031 1449.60
Total 67.3879
Annexure-VI-2
Particulars Left Canal (Gompakonda) Right Canal (Tamasa)
Total Ayacut
38,921 22,113
(Ha)
Crop Water Demand
3950 3950
(mm)
Total Water Demand
1537.4 873.5
(MCM) 2410.843 MCM
85.15871 TMC
Annexure-VI-3
VIRGIN FLOW AVAILBLE

ANNUAL INFLOW FROM BALIMELA ANNUAL UPSTREAM FROM INTERMEDIATE TOTAL VIRGIN FLOW
TOTAL VIRGIN FLOW AT TOTAL VIRGIN FLOW AT SHARE OF ANDHRA PRADESH
RESERVOIR REQUIREMENT/UTILISATION BY CATCHMENT IN BETWEEN AVAILABLE AT
YEAR GUNTAWADA RESERVOIR* BALIMELA RESERVOIR** AT BALIMELA RESERVOIR
TO GUNTAWADA RESERVOIR BALIMELA PROJECT BALIMELA & GUNTAWADA GUNTAWADA RESERVOIR
(TMC) (TMC) (TMC)
(TMC) (TMC) RESERVOIRS (TMC)
(TMC)
1 2 3 4=2+3 5 = 4*(4942/5220.6) 6 = 50% * 5 7=4-5 8=7+6

1999-2000 77.41 85.16 162.57 153.90 76.95 8.68 85.62
2000-2001 58.05 85.16 143.21 135.56 67.78 7.64 75.42
2001-2002 63.64 85.16 148.80 140.86 70.43 7.94 78.37
2002-2003 29.77 85.16 114.93 108.79 54.40 6.13 60.53
2003-2004 76.94 85.16 162.10 153.45 76.73 8.65 85.38
2004-2005 76.69 85.16 161.84 153.21 76.60 8.64 85.24
2005-2006 65.37 85.16 150.53 142.49 71.25 8.03 79.28
2006-2007 86.61 85.16 171.77 162.61 81.30 9.17 90.47
2007-2008 86.39 85.16 171.55 162.40 81.20 9.15 90.35
2008-2009 67.48 85.16 152.64 144.49 72.25 8.15 80.39
2009-2010 43.00 85.16 128.15 121.32 60.66 6.84 67.50
2010-2011 63.17 85.16 148.33 140.42 70.21 7.92 78.12
2011-2012 57.35 85.16 142.51 134.90 67.45 7.61 75.06
2012-2013 54.42 85.16 139.58 132.13 66.07 7.45 73.51
2013-2014 73.00 85.16 158.16 149.72 74.86 8.44 83.30
2014-2015 81.66 85.16 166.82 157.92 78.96 8.90 87.86
2015-2016 69.87 85.16 155.03 146.76 73.38 8.27 81.65
2016-2017 59.43 85.16 144.59 136.87 68.44 7.72 76.15
2017-2018 67.39 85.16 152.55 144.41 72.20 8.14 80.34
**Total Catchment Area Upto Balimela Reservoir 4942.00 Sq. Km.
*Total Catchment Area Upto Guntawada 5220.60 Sq. Km.

Reservoir
Annexure-VI-3
ANNUAL VIRGIN
YEAR FLOW RANK DEPENDABILITY
(TMC)
2006-2007 90.47 1 0.05

2007-2008 90.35 2 0.10
2014-2015 87.86 3 0.15
1999-2000 85.62 4 0.20
2003-2004 85.38 5 0.25
2004-2005 85.24 6 0.30
2013-2014 83.30 7 0.35
2015-2016 81.65 8 0.40
2008-2009 80.39 9 0.45
2017-2018 80.34 10 0.50
2005-2006 79.28 11 0.55
2001-2002 78.37 12 0.60
2010-2011 78.12 13 0.65
2016-2017 76.15 14 0.70
2000-2001 75.42 15 0.75
2011-2012 75.06 16 0.80
2012-2013 73.51 17 0.85
2009-2010 67.50 18 0.90
2002-2003 60.53 19 0.95
DEPEDABILITY TMC MCM
50% 80.34 2274.53
75% 75.42 2135.25
90% 67.50 1910.84

Annexure-VI-4
YEAR Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Total
1999 - 2000 3.9895 3.7404 4.4898 4.7363 8.5773 8.8063 9.4989 11.5982 7.2834 9.8671 7.8984 5.1388 85.62
2000 - 2001 6.1539 9.1614 4.4640 7.4197 9.7536 9.0728 8.2843 6.3378 3.5588 5.1591 1.8999 4.1586 75.42
2001 - 2002 8.0304 8.0294 6.8145 3.3704 5.3225 7.4474 10.0600 9.5302 10.7835 4.1748 3.5440 1.2613 78.37
2002 - 2003 2.4831 8.2398 5.6055 7.6514 6.2731 8.4354 9.0533 5.5755 6.5811 0.4614 0.0879 0.0817 60.53
2003 - 2004 0.2820 1.8278 5.3554 4.6077 4.7097 6.0930 11.7275 11.7770 15.6218 9.9995 5.6095 7.7649 85.38
2004 - 2005 9.1442 7.0213 2.8157 6.8019 5.7753 4.8906 8.5066 9.1890 10.8318 6.5744 7.5532 6.1369 85.24
2005 - 2006 6.5337 1.2119 1.2483 0.7713 3.6777 6.5094 11.1018 12.1730 14.4708 8.1514 7.7202 5.7097 79.28
2006 - 2007 7.0360 2.5948 9.0930 9.6580 5.9302 9.6443 5.5923 7.5831 13.2301 8.3023 7.2625 4.5434 90.47
2007 - 2008 5.3024 4.1931 0.2494 3.5776 8.0291 7.8241 9.3131 9.0285 12.3793 9.1561 10.5311 10.7686 90.35
2008 - 2009 12.7128 7.6447 4.6416 3.9938 4.5133 6.1573 12.6376 11.0528 12.1850 3.2283 0.7541 0.8716 80.39
2009 - 2010 4.2795 6.2343 1.7125 5.4382 0.3097 0.2458 3.1601 13.1934 11.2027 5.9673 9.7758 5.9776 67.50
2010 - 2011 5.3800 0.7629 2.1100 4.5661 0.7875 6.7292 9.7831 8.2496 14.0538 11.0171 6.5275 8.1576 78.12
2011 - 2012 7.3811 6.2585 0.4167 9.3272 0.4821 2.0982 8.7319 6.1144 14.2232 7.0806 6.5532 6.3903 75.06
2012 - 2013 5.7940 0.0127 0.3454 0.0004 8.9366 4.1293 8.0444 11.0673 15.9092 11.6337 2.4890 5.1518 73.51
2013 - 2014 4.9583 0.2310 2.2997 7.5669 6.7093 9.7221 9.9288 6.0400 11.6589 11.8228 5.5672 6.7929 83.30
2014 - 2015 2.1036 8.3368 1.4238 3.4860 8.3538 8.3439 10.1250 9.1918 13.8756 10.6088 8.0454 3.9680 87.86
2015 - 2016 9.5533 9.8494 1.3090 4.4305 4.0732 7.8397 12.7097 11.6268 12.7511 3.3116 2.2157 1.9831 81.65
2016 - 2017 2.8418 4.1425 1.1894 6.8942 4.0080 4.7403 7.6846 11.6913 15.1171 5.1699 7.3939 5.2785 76.15
2017 - 2018 0.0297 5.6000 6.6822 5.9695 6.9705 10.2077 18.9885 11.6224 6.8265 5.2856 1.9188 0.2421 80.34
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Project Guntawada reservoir on Sileru River
Location 18° 3'16.52"N 82° 2'6.69"E
Stream Sileru
CA 5220.6 Sq.Km.
Catchment Area 5220.6 sq.km
Longest Flow Length 179.2 km
Flood Value
Particulars
(Cumecs)
13588
25 year return period flood
16232
18233
Standard Project Flood
43694
(SPF)
Probable Maximum Flood
52889
(PMF)
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Method : Equivalent Stream Slope
River Name : Sileru

Length of River : 179.24 km
Sl Seg. Seg.Length Height above
Chainage R.L. Di + Di-1 Li*(Di + Di-1)
No. Length Li datum, Di
m m m km m m
1 0 1120.93 723
2 9046 964.96 9046 9.046 567 1289 11665.13
3 18009 905.56 8963 8.963 507 1074 9626.77
4 27028 880.48 9019 9.019 482 990 8925.45
5 36093 863.29 9065 9.065 465 947 8587.67
6 45029 856.00 8936 8.936 458 923 8246.60
7 54007 854.37 8979 8.979 456 914 8206.13
8 63035 848.00 9028 9.028 450 906 8179.15
9 72011 848.00 8975 8.975 450 900 8073.91
10 81045 819.99 9035 9.035 422 872 7874.31
11 90057 808.78 9012 9.012 411 832 7501.12
12 99010 804.28 8953 8.953 406 817 7311.70
13 108103 590.68 9093 9.093 192 599 5442.57
14 117039 454.93 8936 8.936 57 249 2226.79
15 126118 455.67 9079 9.079 57 114 1036.82
16 135085 452.00 8967 8.967 54 111 997.75
17 144021 452.00 8936 8.936 54 108 961.38
18 153132 452.00 9111 9.111 54 108 980.23
19 162067 452.00 8936 8.936 54 108 961.38
20 171003 414.00 8936 8.936 16 70 621.83
21 179238 398.21 8235 8.235 0 16 130.07
Σ 179.238 107556.77
( 107556.77 /
179.24^2) =
3.348 m/km
0.003 m/m
1 in 299
ANNEXURE-VI-5
CALCULATIONS FOR 1 Hr. SYNTHETIC UNIT HYDROGRAPH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Base Flow Loss Rate
tp coeff qp coeff TB coeff W 50 coeff W 75 coeff W R50 coeff W R75 coeff
Sub Zone (cumec/sq. km) (cm/hr)
1 Catchment Area, A = 5220.60 Sq.Km. Linear Power Linear Power Linear Power Linear Power Linear Power Linear Power Linear Power Linear Power
CWC SubZone= 3f 3a 0.433 0.704 1.161 0.635 8.375 0.512 2.284 1 1.331 0.991 0.827 1.023 0.561 1.037 0.109 0.126 0.450
Length of Main stream, L = 179.24 Km. 3b 0.523 0.323 1.915 -0.78 6.908 0.592 1.83 -0.97 0.924 -0.792 0.745 -0.725 0.434 -0.616 0.060 0.500
Length of Main stream from C.G. of the catchment area to the 3c 0.854 0.28 2.009 -0.85 4.84 0.74 2.259 -1.08 1.519 -0.99 0.844 -1.24 0.583 -1.19 0.050 0.300
44.44 Km.
gauging station, L c = 3e 0.727 0.59 2.02 0.88 5.485 0.730 2.228 1.040 1.301 0.960 0.880 1.010 0.540 0.960 0.122 0.304 0.500
Equivalent Stream Slope S = 3.35 m / Km 2a 2.164 -0.940 2.272 -0.409 5.428 0.852 2.084 -1.065 1.028 -1.071 0.856 -0.865 0.440 -0.918 0.050 0.240
5a 1.5607 -1.0814 0.9178 -0.4313 7.380 0.734 1.925 -1.090 1.019 -1.044 0.579 -1.107 0.347 -1.054 0.150 0.190
Physiographic 7 2.498 0.156 1.048 -0.178 7.845 0.453 1.954 0.099 0.972 0.124 0.189 1.769 0.419 1.246 0.050 0.250
L*Lc/ S = 2379.117
Parameters 1c 2.195 -0.944 1.331 -0.492 3.917 0.990 2.040 -1.026 1.250 -0.864 0.739 -0.968 0.500 -0.813 0.018 0.230
3d 1.757 0.261 1.26 -0.725 5.411 0.826 1.974 -1.104 0.961 -1.125 1.150 -0.829 0.527 -0.932 0.100
Therefore, following relationships have been used for estimating the 1 - h unitgraph parametere of the said catchment. 4.589 0.894 2.353 -1.005 1.351 -0.992 0.936 -1.047 0.579 -1.004 0.050 0.200
3f 0.348 0.454 1.842 -0.804
2 UG Runoff Vol. = Area under UG = Area*1cm 52206000.0 m3 1b 0.339 0.826 1.251 -0.61 6.662 0.613 2.215 -1.034 1.190 -1.057 0.834 -1.077 0.502 -1.065 0.207 -0.290 0.170
tp = 11.871 hr, but adopted tp= 3i 0.553 0.405 2.043 0.872 5.083 0.733 2.197 1.067 1.325 1.088 0.799 1.138 0.536 1.109 0.050 0.500
Linear Coeff 0.348 12 3h 0.325 0.447 0.996 -0.497 7.392 0.524 2.389 -1.065 1.415 -1.067 0.755 -1.229 0.558 -1.088 0.050 0.100
Power Coeff 0.454
Physio 2379.117 tp qp W50 W75 WR50 WR75 Tm Tb Qp
qp = 0.250 Cumec/sq.km 11.9 0.250 9.48 5.35 4.00 2.33 12 43 1304.21
Linear Coeff 1.842
Power Coeff -0.804
Physio 12.000
Qp= 1304.2 Cumec 0.36
Unit Duration (tr)= 1.00 hr
Time from rise to peak (Tm)= 12.37 hr
TB = 43.00 hr
Linear Coeff 4.589
Power Coeff 0.894
W50= 9.48 hr
Linear Coeff 2.353

Power Coeff -1.005
W75= 5.35 hr
Linear Coeff 1.351

Power Coeff -0.992
WR-50= 4.00 hr
TB= 24.06184
Linear Coeff 0.936
Power Coeff -1.047
WR-75= 2.33 hr
Linear Coeff 0.579

Power Coeff -1.004 1.1tp Adopted
TD= 43.00 hr 14.00 24
Base Flow = 0.050 cumec/SqKm
Loss Rate = 0.200 cm/hr
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Guntawada reservoir
on Sileru River 18°
Time Ordinate
0 0.000 5220.6
1 25.000 GUNTAWADA RESERVOIR ON SILERU RIVER 18 ° 3'16.52"N 82° 2'6.69"E SUH
2 60.000 1400.000
3 100.000
4 150.000
1304.000
5 210.000
1250.0001250.000
6 300.000
7 400.000 1200.000
8 550.000
1120.000 1120.000
9 652.000
10 978.000 108.6666667
11 1120.000 1000.000
978.000 978.000
12 1250.000
13 1304.000
14 1250.000 108.6666667
15 1120.000 820.000
800.000
16 978.000
ORDINATE
17 820.000 108.6666667
18 652.000
652.000 652.000
19 525.000 5
20 392.000 600.000
5
21 294.000 5 550.000
525.000
22 237.000 5
23 192.000 5
24 162.000 400.000
5 400.000 392.000
25 132.000 5
26 105.000 5 300.000 294.000
27 96.000 5 326.000 108.6667
237.000
28 76.000 210.000 326.000 163
200.000 192.000
29 66.000 162.000
150.000
30 56.000 132.000
100.000 105.000
96.000
31 46.000 76.000
66.000
60.000 56.000
46.000
32 41.000 25.000
41.000
36.000
31.000
26.000
21.000
16.000
11.000
9.0006.0004.0002.0000.000
33 36.000 0.000 0.000
34 31.000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
35 26.000 TIME (HOURS)
36 21.000
37 16.000
38 11.000
39 9.000
40 6.000
41 4.000
42 2.000
43 0.000
1.0000
ANNEXURE-VI-5
25 year Return Period Rainfall

Mean
Isoheytal, P1 Isoheytal, P2 Area enclosed between P1 & P2
S.No. Rainfall
(mm) (mm) (Sq. Km)
(mm)
A B C D=(A+B)/2 E F=D*A
1 200 200 200 1323.3 264660
2 200 240 220 1981.5 435930
3 240 280 260 1407.1 365846
4 280 320 300 511.26 153378
Total 5223.16 1219814
Therefore, 50 year return period rainfall, Total of F/Total of D
233.54
(mm)
ANNEXURE-VI-5
25 year return period

1 19.2
24 hour rainfall 233.54 cm
Clock Hour Correction 1 3 34.6
Areal Reduction Factor 1 6 44.3
Design Storm 233.54 mm 9 52.8
12 58.8
Ist 12 hour Bell 137.32 15 64.8
IInd 12 hour Bell 46.71 18 69.8
IIIrd 12 hour Bell 38.53 21 74.3
IVth 12 hour Bell 10.98 24 78.8
27 83.3
30 87.8
33 92.3
36 95.3
39 96.8
42 98.3
Time
Duration(Hrs) Distributi 45 99.5
on (%)
1 19.2 32.65 48 100
2 26.0 44.22
3 34.6 58.84
4 38.0 64.63
5 41.3 70.24
6 44.3 75.34
7 47.0 79.93
8 49.7 84.52
9 52.8 89.80
10 54.8 93.20
11 56.8 96.60
12 58.8 100.00
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Rainfall to be analysed
23.35 cm
1st 12-hr 13.73 cm

2nd 12-hr 4.67 cm
3rd 12-hr 3.85 cm
4th 12-hr 1.10 cm
Time Distribution of Rainfall (48hr)
Ist Bell, 2nd Bell,

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 3rd Bell, 4th Bell,
Time in 1 st Rainfall 2 nd Rainfall 3rd Rainfall 4th Rainfall Values of Values of
Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Values of Values of
hours Increments Increments Increments Increments Rainfall in Rainfall in
coefficient coefficient coefficient coefficient Rainfall in cm Rainfall in cm
cm cm
1 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 4.484 1.53 1.26 0.36
2 44.22 44.22 44.22 44.22 11.56 11.56 11.56 11.56 1.588 0.54 0.45 0.13
3 58.84 58.84 58.84 58.84 14.63 14.63 14.63 14.63 2.008 0.68 0.56 0.16
4 64.63 64.63 64.63 64.63 5.78 5.78 5.78 5.78 0.794 0.27 0.22 0.06
5 70.24 70.24 70.24 70.24 5.61 5.61 5.61 5.61 0.771 0.26 0.22 0.06
6 75.34 75.34 75.34 75.34 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 0.701 0.24 0.20 0.06
7 79.93 79.93 79.93 79.93 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 0.631 0.21 0.18 0.05
8 84.52 84.52 84.52 84.52 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 0.631 0.21 0.18 0.05
9 89.80 89.80 89.80 89.80 5.27 5.27 5.27 5.27 0.724 0.25 0.20 0.06
10 93.20 93.20 93.20 93.20 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.467 0.16 0.13 0.04
11 96.60 96.60 96.60 96.60 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.467 0.16 0.13 0.04
12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.467 0.16 0.13 0.04
100 100 100 100 13.73 4.67 3.85 1.10
Critical Sequence of Rainfall Excess

Excess rainfall arrangement with consideration of uniform loss at 0.2 cm/hr
Time U.G. Ordinate Critical Arrangement of rainfall increments in bells Critical 1Hr excessive Rainfall arrangement Critical 1Hr excessive Rainfall after reversing
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
1 550.0 0.04 0.13 0.16 0.47 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.267 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.267
2 652.0 0.05 0.18 0.21 0.63 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.431 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.267
3 978.0 0.06 0.20 0.24 0.70 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.501 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.431
4 1120.0 0.06 0.22 0.26 0.77 0.000 0.016 0.062 0.571 0.000 0.003 0.046 0.524
5 1250.0 0.13 0.45 0.54 1.59 0.000 0.246 0.340 1.388 0.000 0.023 0.070 0.594
6 1304.0 0.36 1.26 1.53 4.48 0.158 1.058 1.325 4.284 0.000 0.364 0.483 1.808
7 1250.0 0.16 0.56 0.68 2.01 0.000 0.364 0.483 1.808 0.158 1.058 1.325 4.284
8 1120.0 0.06 0.22 0.27 0.79 0.000 0.023 0.070 0.594 0.000 0.246 0.340 1.388
9 978.0 0.06 0.20 0.25 0.72 0.000 0.003 0.046 0.524 0.000 0.016 0.062 0.571
10 820.0 0.05 0.18 0.21 0.63 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.431 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.501
11 652.0 0.04 0.13 0.16 0.47 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.267 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.431
12 525.0 0.04 0.13 0.16 0.47 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.267 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.267
1.10 3.85 4.67 13.73 0.16 1.71 2.39 11.33 0.16 1.71 2.39 11.33
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Computation of 25 year return period Flood
Time Rainfall excess in cms
Total Flow
UH DSRO Base Flow
(hr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.15841 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00316 0.02282 0.36359 1.05825 0.24563 0.01626 0 0 0 0 0 0.01448 0.04625 0.07008 0.48314 1.32516 0.34016 0.06214 0.03831 0.01448 0 0.26708 0.26708 0.431 0.524 0.594 1.808 4.284 1.388 0.571 0.501 0.431 0.267 Cumecs
ordinate
(Cumecs)
0 0.0 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
1 25.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
2 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
3 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
4 150.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
5 210.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
6 300.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
7 400.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.96 0.00 3.96 261.030 264.990
8 550.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.50 0.00 0.00 9.50 261.030 270.535
9 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.84 261.030 276.871
10 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.76 261.030 284.792
11 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.27 261.030 294.296
12 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.52 261.030 308.553
13 1304.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.36 261.030 324.395
14 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.13 261.030 348.156
15 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 103.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 103.28 261.030 364.314
16 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 154.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 154.93 261.030 415.957
17 820.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 177.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.00 177.99 261.030 439.021
18 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 198.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.37 9.09 0.00 208.47 261.030 469.503
19 525.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 206.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.28 21.82 26.46 0.00 257.12 261.030 518.152
20 392.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 198.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.42 36.36 63.50 6.14 0.00 307.43 261.030 568.462
21 294.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 177.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.79 54.54 105.83 14.74 0.41 0.00 357.72 261.030 618.751
22 237.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 154.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.84 76.35 158.74 24.56 0.98 0.00 0.00 422.40 261.030 683.433
23 192.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 129.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.13 109.08 222.23 36.84 1.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 508.81 261.030 769.836
24 162.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 103.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.55 145.44 317.48 51.58 2.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 632.77 261.030 893.798
25 132.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.88 199.98 423.30 73.69 3.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 798.42 261.030 1059.454
26 105.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.31 237.06 582.04 98.25 4.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1006.64 261.030 1267.674
27 96.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.55 355.59 689.98 135.10 6.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.00 1259.67 261.030 1520.696
28 76.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.52 407.22 1034.97 160.15 8.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 1.16 0.00 1679.38 261.030 1940.410
29 66.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.75 454.49 1185.24 240.23 10.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.45 2.77 1.75 0.00 1956.71 261.030 2217.736
30 56.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.52 474.12 1322.82 275.11 15.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.17 4.62 4.20 12.08 0.00 2165.22 261.030 2426.245
31 46.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.55 454.49 1379.96 307.04 18.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.04 6.94 7.01 28.99 33.13 0.00 2285.27 261.030 2546.303
32 41.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.31 407.22 1322.82 320.30 20.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.34 9.71 10.51 48.31 79.51 8.50 0.00 2270.51 261.030 2531.543
33 36.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.71 355.59 1185.24 307.04 21.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.79 13.87 14.72 72.47 132.52 20.41 1.55 0.00 2164.33 261.030 2425.361
34 31.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.88 298.15 1034.97 275.11 20.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.96 18.50 21.02 101.46 198.77 34.02 3.73 0.96 0.00 2041.89 261.030 2302.918
35 26.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.98 237.06 867.77 240.23 18.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.44 25.44 28.03 144.94 278.28 51.02 6.21 2.30 0.36 0.00 1931.73 261.030 2192.765
36 21.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.94 190.89 689.98 201.42 15.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.16 30.15 38.54 193.26 397.55 71.43 9.32 3.83 0.87 0.00 0.00 1875.12 261.030 2136.146
37 16.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.71 142.53 555.58 160.15 13.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.21 45.23 45.69 265.73 530.06 102.05 13.05 5.75 1.45 0.00 6.68 0.00 1917.49 261.030 2178.516
38 11.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.41 106.90 414.84 128.96 10.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.09 51.80 68.54 315.01 728.84 136.06 18.64 8.04 2.17 0.00 16.02 6.68 0.00 2043.09 261.030 2304.120
39 9.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.38 86.17 311.13 96.29 8.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.88 57.81 78.49 472.51 864.00 187.09 24.85 11.49 3.04 0.00 26.71 16.02 10.76 0.00 2283.87 261.030 2544.898
40 6.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 69.81 250.81 72.22 6.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.09 60.31 87.60 541.12 1296.00 221.78 34.17 15.32 4.34 0.00 40.06 26.71 25.83 13.10 0.00 2792.26 261.030 3053.293
41 4.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 58.90 203.18 58.21 4.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.21 57.81 91.38 603.93 1484.17 332.68 40.51 21.07 5.79 0.00 56.09 40.06 43.06 31.44 14.85 0.00 3171.26 261.030 3432.293
42 2.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 47.99 171.44 47.16 3.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.16 51.80 87.60 630.02 1656.44 380.98 60.77 24.98 7.96 0.00 80.12 56.09 64.58 52.40 35.64 45.21 0.00 3524.91 261.030 3785.945
43 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.19 38.18 139.69 39.79 3.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.87 45.23 78.49 603.93 1728.00 425.20 69.59 37.46 9.44 0.00 106.83 80.12 90.42 78.60 59.40 108.51 107.10 0.00 3865.70 261.030 4126.727
44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.73 34.90 111.12 32.42 2.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.44 37.92 68.54 541.12 1656.44 443.57 77.67 42.90 14.16 0.00 146.89 106.83 129.17 110.03 89.11 180.84 257.04 34.70 0.00 4130.93 261.030 4391.961
45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.51 27.63 101.59 25.79 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.60 30.15 57.47 472.51 1484.17 425.20 81.03 47.88 16.21 0.00 174.14 146.89 172.22 157.19 124.75 271.27 428.40 83.28 14.27 0.00 4354.72 261.030 4615.754
46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.28 24.00 80.43 23.58 1.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.67 24.28 45.69 396.18 1296.00 380.98 77.67 49.95 18.09 0.00 261.20 174.14 236.81 209.59 178.21 379.77 642.59 138.81 34.24 12.52 0.00 4694.33 261.030 4955.363
47 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.05 20.36 69.84 18.67 1.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.26 18.13 36.79 315.01 1086.63 332.68 69.59 47.88 18.88 0.00 299.13 261.20 280.72 288.18 237.61 542.53 899.63 208.21 57.07 30.04 10.76 0.00 5157.05 261.030 5418.083
48 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.94 16.73 59.26 16.21 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.43 13.60 27.47 253.65 864.00 278.93 60.77 42.90 18.09 0.00 333.85 299.13 421.08 341.63 326.72 723.38 1285.19 291.49 85.60 50.06 25.83 6.68 5848.18 261.030 6109.205
49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.82 14.91 48.68 13.76 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.78 10.96 20.60 189.39 695.71 221.78 50.95 37.46 16.21 0.00 348.27 333.85 482.22 512.44 387.31 994.64 1713.58 416.42 119.84 75.09 43.06 16.02 6767.85 261.030 7028.879
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71 13.09 43.39 11.30 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.34 8.88 16.61 142.04 519.46 178.58 40.51 31.41 14.16 0.00 333.85 348.27 538.20 586.85 580.97 1179.10 2356.18 555.23 171.20 105.13 64.58 26.71 7869.66 261.030 8130.689
51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59 11.27 38.10 10.07 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.91 7.49 13.46 114.50 389.60 133.34 32.62 24.98 11.87 0.00 299.13 333.85 561.45 654.97 665.32 1768.65 2793.14 763.44 228.27 150.19 90.42 40.06 9139.42 261.030 9400.453
52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 9.45 32.81 8.84 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.52 6.10 11.35 92.76 314.06 100.01 24.36 20.11 9.44 0.00 261.20 299.13 538.20 683.26 742.54 2025.45 4189.71 905.02 313.87 200.25 129.17 56.09 10975.85 261.030 11236.882
53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 7.64 27.51 7.61 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.39 4.86 9.25 78.27 254.43 80.62 18.27 15.02 7.60 0.00 219.00 261.20 482.22 654.97 774.62 2260.55 4798.03 1357.53 372.08 275.34 172.22 80.12 12221.31 261.030 12482.341
54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 5.82 22.22 6.39 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.10 4.44 7.36 63.77 214.68 65.31 14.73 11.26 5.67 0.00 174.14 219.00 421.08 586.85 742.54 2358.20 5354.95 1554.64 558.13 326.40 236.81 106.83 13063.07 261.030 13324.105
55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 4.00 16.93 5.16 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 3.51 6.73 50.73 174.92 55.11 11.93 9.08 4.26 0.00 140.22 174.14 353.06 512.44 665.32 2260.55 5586.28 1735.09 639.16 489.60 280.72 146.89 13327.41 261.030 13588.437
56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 3.27 11.64 3.93 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 3.05 5.33 46.38 139.14 44.90 10.07 7.35 3.43 0.00 104.69 140.22 280.72 429.66 580.97 2025.45 5354.95 1810.04 713.35 560.69 421.08 174.14 12875.75 261.030 13136.78
57 0.00 0.00 0.09 2.18 9.52 2.70 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67 2.59 4.63 36.72 127.21 35.72 8.20 6.21 2.78 0.00 78.52 104.69 226.04 341.63 487.11 1768.65 4798.03 1735.09 744.17 625.77 482.22 261.20 11892.61 261.030 12153.642
58 0.00 0.05 1.45 6.35 2.21 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59 2.13 3.92 31.89 100.71 32.66 6.52 5.06 2.34 0.00 63.30 78.52 168.78 275.09 387.31 1482.92 4189.71 1554.64 713.35 652.81 538.20 299.13 10599.81 261.030 10860.836
59 0.00 0.73 4.23 1.47 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 1.90 3.22 27.06 87.46 25.85 5.97 4.02 1.91 0.00 51.28 63.30 126.58 205.40 311.87 1179.10 3512.85 1357.53 639.16 625.77 561.45 333.85 9132.62 261.030 9393.651
60 0.00 2.12 0.98 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 1.66 2.87 22.22 74.21 22.45 4.72 3.68 1.52 0.00 43.27 51.28 102.04 154.05 232.86 949.43 2793.14 1138.22 558.13 560.69 538.20 348.27 7606.56 261.030 7867.586
61 0.00 0.49 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 1.43 2.52 19.81 60.96 19.05 4.10 2.91 1.39 0.00 35.25 43.27 82.67 124.18 174.65 708.91 2249.08 905.02 467.96 489.60 482.22 333.85 6209.76 261.030 6470.793
62 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 1.20 2.17 17.39 54.33 15.65 3.48 2.53 1.10 0.00 28.04 35.25 69.75 100.60 140.79 531.68 1679.31 728.74 372.08 410.51 421.08 299.13 4915.16 261.030 5176.190
63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.97 1.82 14.98 47.71 13.95 2.86 2.15 0.96 0.00 25.64 28.04 56.83 84.88 114.05 428.60 1259.48 544.12 299.61 326.40 353.06 261.20 3867.54 261.030 4128.574
64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.74 1.47 12.56 41.08 12.25 2.55 1.76 0.81 0.00 20.30 25.64 45.21 69.16 96.23 347.22 1015.30 408.09 223.71 262.82 280.72 219.00 3086.79 261.030 3347.822
65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.51 1.12 10.15 34.45 10.54 2.24 1.57 0.67 0.00 17.63 20.30 41.33 55.02 78.41 292.97 822.52 328.97 167.78 196.24 226.04 174.14 2482.73 261.030 2743.756
66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.42 0.77 7.73 27.83 8.84 1.93 1.38 0.59 0.00 14.96 17.63 32.72 50.30 62.37 238.71 694.00 266.51 135.25 147.18 168.78 140.22 2018.21 261.030 2279.238
67 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.28 0.63 5.31 21.20 7.14 1.62 1.19 0.52 0.00 12.29 14.96 28.42 39.82 57.03 189.89 565.48 224.87 109.57 118.65 126.58 104.69 1630.19 261.030 1891.220
68 0.00 0.03 0.18 0.42 4.35 14.58 5.44 1.30 1.00 0.45 0.00 10.95 12.29 24.11 34.58 45.15 173.61 449.82 183.23 92.45 96.12 102.04 78.52 1330.61 261.030 1591.640
69 0.00 0.09 0.28 2.90 11.93 3.74 0.99 0.80 0.38 0.00 9.61 10.95 19.81 29.34 39.21 137.44 411.26 145.75 75.33 81.10 82.67 63.30 1126.88 261.030 1387.907
70 0.00 0.14 1.93 7.95 3.06 0.68 0.61 0.30 0.00 8.28 9.61 17.65 24.10 33.27 119.36 325.58 133.25 59.92 66.08 69.75 51.28 932.83 261.030 1193.856
71 0.00 0.97 5.30 2.04 0.56 0.42 0.23 0.00 6.94 8.28 15.50 21.48 27.33 101.27 282.74 105.49 54.79 52.56 56.83 43.27 786.01 261.030 1047.040
72 0.00 2.65 1.36 0.37 0.34 0.16 0.00 5.61 6.94 13.35 18.86 24.36 83.19 239.90 91.61 43.37 48.06 45.21 35.25 660.60 261.030 921.632
73 0.00 0.68 0.25 0.23 0.13 0.00 4.27 5.61 11.19 16.24 21.39 74.15 197.06 77.73 37.66 38.05 41.33 28.04 554.02 261.030 815.052
74 0.00 0.12 0.15 0.09 0.00 2.94 4.27 9.04 13.62 18.42 65.10 175.64 63.85 31.96 33.04 32.72 25.64 476.61 261.030 737.644
75 0.00 0.08 0.06 0.00 2.40 2.94 6.89 11.00 15.44 56.06 154.22 56.91 26.25 28.03 28.42 20.30 409.01 261.030 670.039
76 0.00 0.03 0.00 1.60 2.40 4.74 8.38 12.47 47.02 132.80 49.97 23.40 23.03 24.11 17.63 347.59 261.030 608.617
77 0.00 0.00 1.07 1.60 3.88 5.76 9.50 37.98 111.38 43.03 20.54 20.53 19.81 14.96 290.04 261.030 551.066
78 0.00 0.53 1.07 2.58 4.72 6.53 28.94 89.96 36.09 17.69 18.02 17.65 12.29 236.08 261.030 497.106
79 0.00 0.53 1.72 3.14 5.35 19.89 68.54 29.15 14.84 15.52 15.50 10.95 185.14 261.030 446.169
80 0.00 0.86 2.10 3.56 16.28 47.12 22.21 11.98 13.02 13.35 9.61 140.09 261.030 401.122
81 0.00 1.05 2.38 10.85 38.56 15.27 9.13 10.51 11.19 8.28 107.22 261.030 368.247
82 0.00 1.19 7.23 25.70 12.49 6.28 8.01 9.04 6.94 76.89 261.030 337.921
83 0.00 3.62 17.14 8.33 5.14 5.51 6.89 5.61 52.22 261.030 313.252
84 0.00 8.57 5.55 3.42 4.51 4.74 4.27 31.06 261.030 292.089
85 0.00 2.78 2.28 3.00 3.88 2.94 14.88 261.030 275.905
86 0.00 1.14 2.00 2.58 2.40 8.13 261.030 269.161
87 0.00 1.00 1.72 1.60 4.33 261.030 265.356
88 0.00 0.86 1.07 1.93 261.030 262.959
89 0.00 0.53 0.53 261.030 261.564
13588
ANNEXURE-VI-5

Mean
S.No. Rainfall
(mm) (mm) (Sq. Km)
(mm)
1 240 240 240 1415.6 339744
2 240 280 260 1843 479180
3 280 320 300 1589.8 476940
4 320 360 340 372.37 126605.8
Total 5220.77 1422469.8
272.46
(mm)
ANNEXURE-VI-5

1 19.2
12 58.8
Ist 12 hour Bell 160.21 15 64.8
IInd 12 hour Bell 54.49 18 69.8
IVth 12 hour Bell 12.81 24 78.8
27 83.3
30 87.8
33 92.3
36 95.3
39 96.8
42 98.3
Time
on (%)
1 19.2 32.65 48 100
2 26.0 44.22
3 34.6 58.84
4 38.0 64.63
5 41.3 70.24
6 44.3 75.34
7 47.0 79.93
8 49.7 84.52
9 52.8 89.80
10 54.8 93.20
11 56.8 96.60
12 58.8 100.00
ANNEXURE-VI-5
27.25 cm
1st 12-hr 16.02 cm

2nd 12-hr 5.45 cm
3rd 12-hr 4.50 cm
4th 12-hr 1.28 cm
Ist Bell, 2nd Bell,

cm cm
1 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 5.231 1.78 1.47 0.42
2 44.22 44.22 44.22 44.22 11.56 11.56 11.56 11.56 1.853 0.63 0.52 0.15
3 58.84 58.84 58.84 58.84 14.63 14.63 14.63 14.63 2.343 0.80 0.66 0.19
4 64.63 64.63 64.63 64.63 5.78 5.78 5.78 5.78 0.926 0.32 0.26 0.07
5 70.24 70.24 70.24 70.24 5.61 5.61 5.61 5.61 0.899 0.31 0.25 0.07
6 75.34 75.34 75.34 75.34 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 0.817 0.28 0.23 0.07
7 79.93 79.93 79.93 79.93 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 0.736 0.25 0.21 0.06
8 84.52 84.52 84.52 84.52 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 0.736 0.25 0.21 0.06
9 89.80 89.80 89.80 89.80 5.27 5.27 5.27 5.27 0.845 0.29 0.24 0.07
10 93.20 93.20 93.20 93.20 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.545 0.19 0.15 0.04
11 96.60 96.60 96.60 96.60 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.545 0.19 0.15 0.04
12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.545 0.19 0.15 0.04
100 100 100 100 16.02 5.45 4.50 1.28

1 550.0 0.04 0.15 0.19 0.54 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.345 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.345
2 652.0 0.06 0.21 0.25 0.74 0.000 0.006 0.050 0.536 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.345
3 978.0 0.07 0.23 0.28 0.82 0.000 0.029 0.078 0.617 0.000 0.006 0.050 0.536
4 1120.0 0.07 0.25 0.31 0.90 0.000 0.052 0.106 0.699 0.000 0.037 0.087 0.645
5 1250.0 0.15 0.52 0.63 1.85 0.000 0.320 0.430 1.653 0.000 0.060 0.115 0.726
6 1304.0 0.42 1.47 1.78 5.23 0.218 1.268 1.579 5.031 0.000 0.458 0.597 2.143
7 1250.0 0.19 0.66 0.80 2.34 0.000 0.458 0.597 2.143 0.218 1.268 1.579 5.031
8 1120.0 0.07 0.26 0.32 0.93 0.000 0.060 0.115 0.726 0.000 0.320 0.430 1.653
9 978.0 0.07 0.24 0.29 0.84 0.000 0.037 0.087 0.645 0.000 0.052 0.106 0.699
10 820.0 0.06 0.21 0.25 0.74 0.000 0.006 0.050 0.536 0.000 0.029 0.078 0.617
11 652.0 0.04 0.15 0.19 0.54 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.345 0.000 0.006 0.050 0.536
12 525.0 0.04 0.15 0.19 0.54 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.345 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.345
1.28 4.50 5.45 16.02 0.22 2.24 3.09 13.62 0.22 2.24 3.09 13.62
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Total Flow
UH DSRO Base Flow
(hr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.21815 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00643 0.03702 0.05995 0.45753 1.26797 0.31991 0.05231 0.02937 0.00643 0 0 0 0.05022 0.08729 0.11509 0.597 1.57935 0.43019 0.10583 0.07802 0.05022 0 0.34493 0.34493 0.536 0.645 0.726 2.143 5.031 1.653 0.699 0.617 0.536 0.345 Cumecs
ordinate
(Cumecs)
0 0.0 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
1 25.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
2 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
3 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
4 150.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
5 210.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
6 300.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
7 400.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.45 0.00 5.45 261.030 266.484
8 550.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.09 0.00 0.00 13.09 261.030 274.119
9 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.81 261.030 282.845
10 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.72 261.030 293.752
11 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.81 261.030 306.841
12 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.44 261.030 326.474
13 1304.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.26 261.030 348.289
14 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 119.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 119.98 261.030 381.012
15 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 142.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 142.39 261.030 403.423
16 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 213.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.16 0.00 213.90 261.030 474.926
17 820.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 244.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.39 1.50 0.00 246.85 261.030 507.884
18 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 272.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.64 3.60 11.44 0.00 289.33 261.030 550.359
19 525.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 284.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.96 6.00 27.45 31.70 0.00 351.93 261.030 612.957
20 392.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 272.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.93 1.35 8.99 45.75 76.08 8.00 0.00 414.79 261.030 675.817
21 294.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 244.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.57 1.93 12.59 68.63 126.80 19.19 1.31 0.00 477.35 261.030 738.377
22 237.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 213.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.54 2.57 17.99 96.08 190.20 31.99 3.14 0.73 0.00 559.58 261.030 820.615
23 192.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 178.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.19 3.54 23.98 137.26 266.27 47.99 5.23 1.76 0.16 0.00 669.27 261.030 930.296
24 162.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 142.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.29 4.19 32.97 183.01 380.39 67.18 7.85 2.94 0.39 0.00 0.00 827.44 261.030 1088.472
25 132.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 114.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.20 6.29 39.09 251.64 507.19 95.97 10.98 4.41 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 1037.94 261.030 1298.974
26 105.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.04 7.20 58.63 298.31 697.38 127.96 15.69 6.17 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1305.87 261.030 1566.900
27 96.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 64.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.39 8.04 67.15 447.46 826.71 175.95 20.92 8.81 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.26 0.00 1630.18 261.030 1891.206
28 76.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 51.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.04 8.39 74.94 512.43 1240.07 208.58 28.77 11.75 1.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 2.18 0.00 2151.79 261.030 2412.824
29 66.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.20 8.04 78.18 571.91 1420.12 312.87 34.10 16.15 2.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.02 5.24 2.88 0.00 2506.18 261.030 2767.205
30 56.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.29 7.20 74.94 596.62 1584.96 358.29 51.16 19.15 3.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.53 8.73 6.91 14.93 0.00 2775.58 261.030 3036.611
31 46.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.27 6.29 67.15 571.91 1653.43 399.88 58.58 28.72 4.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.55 13.09 11.51 35.82 39.48 0.00 2934.68 261.030 3195.713
32 41.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.19 5.27 58.63 512.43 1584.96 417.16 65.38 32.89 6.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.07 18.33 17.26 59.70 94.76 10.75 0.00 2926.00 261.030 3187.031
33 36.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.38 4.19 49.16 447.46 1420.12 399.88 68.21 36.71 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.09 26.19 24.17 89.55 157.94 25.81 2.65 0.00 2803.65 261.030 3064.685
34 31.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.52 3.38 39.09 375.17 1240.07 358.29 65.38 38.30 8.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.62 34.92 34.53 125.37 236.90 43.02 6.35 1.95 0.00 2657.49 261.030 2918.517
35 26.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.89 2.52 31.48 298.31 1039.73 312.87 58.58 36.71 8.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.74 48.01 46.04 179.10 331.66 64.53 10.58 4.68 1.26 0.00 2523.48 261.030 2784.513
36 21.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.52 1.89 23.50 240.20 826.71 262.32 51.16 32.89 8.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 49.12 56.91 63.30 238.80 473.81 90.34 15.87 7.80 3.01 0.00 0.00 2459.43 261.030 2720.462
37 16.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.24 1.52 17.63 179.35 665.68 208.58 42.89 28.72 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.25 85.37 75.04 328.35 631.74 129.06 22.22 11.70 5.02 0.00 8.62 0.00 2516.23 261.030 2777.265
38 11.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04 1.24 14.21 134.51 497.04 167.95 34.10 24.08 6.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.78 97.77 112.56 389.25 868.64 172.08 31.75 16.39 7.53 0.00 20.70 8.62 0.00 2677.47 261.030 2938.501
39 9.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.85 1.04 11.51 108.43 372.78 125.40 27.46 19.15 5.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.49 109.11 128.91 583.87 1029.74 236.60 42.33 23.41 10.55 0.00 34.49 20.70 13.39 0.00 2978.34 261.030 3239.373
40 6.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.85 9.71 87.85 300.51 94.05 20.50 15.42 4.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.78 113.83 143.87 668.64 1544.61 280.48 58.20 31.21 15.07 0.00 51.74 34.49 32.14 16.12 0.00 3593.70 261.030 3854.726
41 4.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.68 7.91 74.12 243.45 75.82 15.38 11.51 3.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.25 109.11 150.08 746.25 1768.88 420.72 69.00 42.91 20.09 0.00 72.43 51.74 53.57 38.68 18.16 0.00 4056.41 261.030 4317.440
42 2.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.62 6.30 60.39 205.41 61.42 12.40 8.63 2.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 49.12 97.77 143.87 778.49 1974.19 481.81 103.50 50.87 27.62 0.00 103.48 72.43 80.35 64.46 43.58 53.58 0.00 4487.89 261.030 4748.915
43 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.49 5.76 48.04 167.37 51.82 10.04 6.96 1.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.18 85.37 128.91 746.25 2059.48 537.73 118.53 76.31 32.74 0.00 137.97 103.48 112.49 96.70 72.64 128.59 125.78 0.00 4900.44 261.030 5161.465
44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.42 4.56 43.92 133.14 42.23 8.47 5.64 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.74 71.58 112.56 668.64 1974.19 560.97 132.28 87.39 49.12 0.00 189.71 137.97 160.70 135.37 108.96 214.32 301.88 41.32 0.00 5222.36 261.030 5483.390
45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.36 3.96 34.77 121.72 33.59 6.90 4.76 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.37 56.91 94.38 583.87 1768.88 537.73 138.00 97.53 56.25 0.00 224.89 189.71 214.26 193.39 152.54 321.48 503.13 99.17 17.48 0.00 5485.52 261.030 5746.549
46 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.30 3.36 30.20 96.37 30.71 5.49 3.88 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.69 45.83 75.04 489.54 1544.61 481.81 132.28 101.74 62.78 0.00 337.34 224.89 294.61 257.85 217.91 450.07 754.70 165.28 41.95 15.43 0.00 5886.26 261.030 6147.291
47 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.26 2.76 25.62 83.69 24.31 5.02 3.08 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.77 34.22 60.42 389.25 1295.07 420.72 118.53 97.53 65.49 0.00 386.32 337.34 349.24 354.55 290.55 642.96 1056.57 247.91 69.91 37.04 13.39 0.00 6428.49 261.030 6689.516
48 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.23 2.46 21.05 71.01 21.11 3.98 2.82 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.90 25.66 45.12 313.43 1029.74 352.75 103.50 87.39 62.78 0.00 431.16 386.32 523.87 420.30 399.51 857.27 1509.39 347.08 104.87 61.74 32.14 8.62 7238.50 261.030 7499.526
49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.20 2.16 18.76 58.33 17.91 3.45 2.23 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.64 20.69 33.84 234.02 829.16 280.48 86.78 76.31 56.25 0.00 449.79 431.16 599.93 630.46 473.60 1178.75 2012.52 495.83 146.82 92.61 53.57 20.70 8316.71 261.030 8577.739
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.17 1.86 16.47 51.99 14.72 2.93 1.94 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.14 16.76 27.28 175.52 619.11 225.85 69.00 63.98 49.12 0.00 431.16 449.79 669.56 721.99 710.40 1397.36 2767.22 661.10 209.74 129.65 80.35 34.49 9608.24 261.030 9869.268
51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.14 1.56 14.18 45.65 13.12 2.41 1.64 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.63 14.14 22.10 141.49 464.33 168.63 55.56 50.87 41.18 0.00 386.32 431.16 698.49 805.80 813.54 2096.04 3280.41 909.01 279.65 185.22 112.49 51.74 11094.01 261.030 11355.042
52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.10 1.26 11.90 39.31 11.52 2.14 1.35 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.27 11.52 18.65 114.62 374.31 126.48 41.48 40.96 32.74 0.00 337.34 386.32 669.56 840.61 907.97 2400.37 4920.61 1077.59 384.52 246.96 160.70 72.43 13239.03 261.030 13500.060
53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.96 9.61 32.97 9.92 1.88 1.20 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.82 9.17 15.19 96.71 303.24 101.95 31.11 30.59 26.37 0.00 282.84 337.34 599.93 805.80 947.19 2678.98 5635.06 1616.39 455.83 339.56 214.26 103.48 14692.78 261.030 14953.812
54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.66 7.32 26.63 8.32 1.62 1.06 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.82 8.38 12.08 78.80 255.86 82.60 25.08 22.94 19.69 0.00 224.89 282.84 523.87 721.99 907.97 2794.72 6289.13 1851.08 683.75 402.54 294.61 137.97 15670.56 261.030 15931.595
55 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.54 5.03 20.29 6.72 1.36 0.91 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.31 6.63 11.05 62.69 208.47 69.69 20.32 18.49 14.77 0.00 181.09 224.89 439.23 630.46 813.54 2678.98 6560.82 2065.94 783.03 603.81 349.24 189.71 15971.31 261.030 16232.338
56 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.36 4.12 13.95 5.12 1.10 0.76 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.81 5.76 8.75 57.31 165.83 56.78 17.14 14.98 11.90 0.00 135.21 181.09 349.24 528.60 710.40 2400.37 6289.13 2155.19 873.91 691.48 523.87 224.89 15430.30 261.030 15691.33
57 0.00 0.01 0.24 2.75 11.41 3.52 0.84 0.62 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.31 4.89 7.60 45.37 151.62 45.17 13.97 12.64 9.64 0.00 101.41 135.21 281.22 420.30 595.63 2096.04 5635.06 2065.94 911.67 771.74 599.93 337.34 14264.23 261.030 14525.262
58 0.00 0.12 1.83 7.61 2.88 0.58 0.47 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.06 4.02 6.45 39.40 120.03 41.30 11.11 10.30 8.14 0.00 81.75 101.41 209.98 338.43 473.60 1757.41 4920.61 1851.08 873.91 805.08 669.56 386.32 12725.56 261.030 12986.590
59 0.00 0.92 5.07 1.92 0.47 0.32 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.81 3.58 5.29 33.43 104.24 32.69 10.16 8.19 6.63 0.00 66.23 81.75 157.48 252.70 381.35 1397.36 4125.67 1616.39 783.03 771.74 698.49 431.16 10978.16 261.030 11239.190
60 0.00 2.54 1.28 0.31 0.26 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.56 3.14 4.72 27.46 88.44 28.39 8.04 7.49 5.27 0.00 55.88 66.23 126.95 189.52 284.74 1125.17 3280.41 1355.26 683.75 691.48 669.56 449.79 9157.72 261.030 9418.749
61 0.00 0.64 0.21 0.18 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.31 2.71 4.14 24.48 72.65 24.09 6.98 5.93 4.82 0.00 45.53 55.88 102.85 152.78 213.55 840.13 2641.43 1077.59 573.29 603.81 599.93 431.16 7486.12 261.030 7747.150
62 0.00 0.10 0.12 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.05 2.27 3.57 21.49 64.75 19.79 5.93 5.15 3.82 0.00 36.22 45.53 86.78 123.77 172.15 630.10 1972.27 867.70 455.83 506.26 523.87 386.32 5934.87 261.030 6195.896
63 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 1.83 2.99 18.51 56.86 17.64 4.87 4.37 3.31 0.00 33.11 36.22 70.71 104.43 139.46 507.94 1479.20 647.88 367.04 402.54 439.23 337.34 4676.37 261.030 4937.401
64 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 1.40 2.42 15.52 48.96 15.49 4.34 3.59 2.81 0.00 26.21 33.11 56.24 85.09 117.67 411.49 1192.42 485.91 274.06 324.13 349.24 282.84 3733.52 261.030 3994.548
65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.96 1.84 12.54 41.06 13.34 3.81 3.20 2.31 0.00 22.77 26.21 51.42 67.69 95.88 347.20 966.01 391.70 205.54 242.02 281.22 224.89 3002.06 261.030 3263.089
66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.79 1.27 9.55 33.17 11.18 3.28 2.81 2.06 0.00 19.32 22.77 40.71 61.89 76.27 282.90 815.07 317.33 165.69 181.51 209.98 181.09 2438.92 261.030 2699.949
67 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.52 1.04 6.57 25.27 9.03 2.75 2.42 1.81 0.00 15.87 19.32 35.35 48.99 69.73 225.03 664.13 267.75 134.23 146.32 157.48 135.21 1969.03 261.030 2230.059
68 0.00 0.10 0.35 0.69 5.37 17.37 6.88 2.22 2.03 1.56 0.00 14.14 15.87 30.00 42.55 55.20 205.75 528.29 218.16 113.26 118.54 126.95 101.41 1606.68 261.030 1867.715
69 0.00 0.17 0.46 3.58 14.21 4.73 1.69 1.64 1.31 0.00 12.42 14.14 24.64 36.10 47.94 162.88 483.00 173.54 92.29 100.02 102.85 81.75 1359.36 261.030 1620.392
70 0.00 0.23 2.39 9.48 3.87 1.16 1.25 1.05 0.00 10.69 12.42 21.96 29.65 40.68 141.45 382.38 158.66 73.41 81.50 86.78 66.23 1125.23 261.030 1386.265
71 0.00 1.19 6.32 2.58 0.95 0.86 0.80 0.00 8.97 10.69 19.28 26.43 33.41 120.02 332.07 125.61 67.12 64.83 70.71 55.88 947.71 261.030 1208.745
72 0.00 3.16 1.72 0.63 0.70 0.55 0.00 7.24 8.97 16.61 23.21 29.78 98.59 281.75 109.08 53.13 59.27 56.24 45.53 796.17 261.030 1057.203
73 0.00 0.86 0.42 0.47 0.45 0.00 5.52 7.24 13.93 19.98 26.15 87.87 231.44 92.55 46.14 46.92 51.42 36.22 667.60 261.030 928.625
74 0.00 0.21 0.31 0.30 0.00 3.79 5.52 11.25 16.76 22.52 77.15 206.28 76.03 39.15 40.75 40.71 33.11 573.85 261.030 834.881
75 0.00 0.16 0.20 0.00 3.10 3.79 8.57 13.54 18.89 66.44 181.13 67.76 32.16 34.57 35.35 26.21 491.88 261.030 752.909
76 0.00 0.10 0.00 2.07 3.10 5.89 10.31 15.25 55.72 155.97 59.50 28.66 28.40 30.00 22.77 417.75 261.030 678.783
77 0.00 0.00 1.38 2.07 4.82 7.09 11.62 45.01 130.81 51.24 25.17 25.31 24.64 19.32 348.48 261.030 609.507
78 0.00 0.69 1.38 3.21 5.80 7.99 34.29 105.66 42.97 21.67 22.23 21.96 15.87 283.72 261.030 544.753
79 0.00 0.69 2.14 3.87 6.54 23.58 80.50 34.71 18.18 19.14 19.28 14.14 222.76 261.030 483.793
80 0.00 1.07 2.58 4.36 19.29 55.34 26.44 14.68 16.05 16.61 12.42 168.84 261.030 429.872
81 0.00 1.29 2.91 12.86 45.28 18.18 11.19 12.97 13.93 10.69 129.29 261.030 390.317
82 0.00 1.45 8.57 30.19 14.87 7.69 9.88 11.25 8.97 92.87 261.030 353.904
83 0.00 4.29 20.13 9.92 6.29 6.79 8.57 7.24 63.23 261.030 324.255
84 0.00 10.06 6.61 4.19 5.56 5.89 5.52 37.84 261.030 298.866
85 0.00 3.31 2.80 3.70 4.82 3.79 18.42 261.030 279.451
86 0.00 1.40 2.47 3.21 3.10 10.19 261.030 271.216
87 0.00 1.23 2.14 2.07 5.45 261.030 266.477
88 0.00 1.07 1.38 2.45 261.030 263.481
89 0.00 0.69 0.69 261.030 261.720
16232
ANNEXURE-VI-5

Mean
S.No. Rainfall
(mm) (mm) (Sq. Km)
(mm)
1 280 280 280 2379.2 666176
2 280 320 300 1418.7 425610
3 320 360 340 1412.8 480352
4 360 400 380 10.5 3990
Total 5221.2 1576128
301.87
(mm)
ANNEXURE-VI-5

1 19.2
12 58.8
Ist 12 hour Bell 177.50 15 64.8
IInd 12 hour Bell 60.37 18 69.8
IVth 12 hour Bell 14.19 24 78.8
27 83.3
30 87.8
33 92.3
36 95.3
39 96.8
42 98.3
Time
on (%)
1 19.2 32.65 48 100
2 26.0 44.22
3 34.6 58.84
4 38.0 64.63
5 41.3 70.24
6 44.3 75.34
7 47.0 79.93
8 49.7 84.52
9 52.8 89.80
10 54.8 93.20
11 56.8 96.60
12 58.8 100.00
ANNEXURE-VI-5
30.19 cm
1st 12-hr 17.75 cm

2nd 12-hr 6.04 cm
3rd 12-hr 4.98 cm
4th 12-hr 1.42 cm
Ist Bell, 2nd Bell,

cm cm
1 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 5.796 1.97 1.63 0.46
2 44.22 44.22 44.22 44.22 11.56 11.56 11.56 11.56 2.053 0.70 0.58 0.16
3 58.84 58.84 58.84 58.84 14.63 14.63 14.63 14.63 2.596 0.88 0.73 0.21
4 64.63 64.63 64.63 64.63 5.78 5.78 5.78 5.78 1.026 0.35 0.29 0.08
5 70.24 70.24 70.24 70.24 5.61 5.61 5.61 5.61 0.996 0.34 0.28 0.08
6 75.34 75.34 75.34 75.34 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 0.906 0.31 0.25 0.07
7 79.93 79.93 79.93 79.93 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 0.815 0.28 0.23 0.07
8 84.52 84.52 84.52 84.52 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 0.815 0.28 0.23 0.07
9 89.80 89.80 89.80 89.80 5.27 5.27 5.27 5.27 0.936 0.32 0.26 0.07
10 93.20 93.20 93.20 93.20 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.604 0.21 0.17 0.05
11 96.60 96.60 96.60 96.60 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.604 0.21 0.17 0.05
12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 0.604 0.21 0.17 0.05
100 100 100 100 17.75 6.04 4.98 1.42

1 550.0 0.05 0.17 0.21 0.60 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.404 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.404
2 652.0 0.07 0.23 0.28 0.82 0.000 0.029 0.077 0.615 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.404
3 978.0 0.07 0.25 0.31 0.91 0.000 0.054 0.108 0.706 0.000 0.029 0.077 0.615
4 1120.0 0.08 0.28 0.34 1.00 0.000 0.080 0.139 0.796 0.000 0.063 0.118 0.736
5 1250.0 0.16 0.58 0.70 2.05 0.000 0.376 0.498 1.853 0.000 0.088 0.149 0.826
6 1304.0 0.46 1.63 1.97 5.80 0.263 1.426 1.771 5.596 0.008 0.528 0.683 2.396
7 1250.0 0.21 0.73 0.88 2.60 0.008 0.528 0.683 2.396 0.263 1.426 1.771 5.596
8 1120.0 0.08 0.29 0.35 1.03 0.000 0.088 0.149 0.826 0.000 0.376 0.498 1.853
9 978.0 0.07 0.26 0.32 0.94 0.000 0.063 0.118 0.736 0.000 0.080 0.139 0.796
10 820.0 0.07 0.23 0.28 0.82 0.000 0.029 0.077 0.615 0.000 0.054 0.108 0.706
11 652.0 0.05 0.17 0.21 0.60 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.404 0.000 0.029 0.077 0.615
12 525.0 0.05 0.17 0.21 0.60 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.404 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.404
1.42 4.98 6.04 17.75 0.27 2.67 3.64 15.35 0.27 2.67 3.64 15.35
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Total Flow
UH DSRO Base Flow
(hr) 0 0 0 0 0 0.007511 0.26328 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.02871 0.0626 0.08801 0.52849 1.42641 0.37602 0.07954 0.05413 0.02871 0 0.00535 0.00535 0.07723 0.1183 0.1491 0.68302 1.7714 0.4982 0.13883 0.10803 0.07723 0.00535 0.40374 0.40374 0.615 0.736 0.826 2.396 5.596 1.853 0.796 0.706 0.615 0.404 Cumecs
ordinate
(Cumecs)
0 0.0 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
1 25.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
2 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
3 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
4 150.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
5 210.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
6 300.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.19 261.030 261.218
7 400.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 6.58 0.00 7.03 261.030 268.063
8 550.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 15.80 0.00 0.00 16.55 261.030 277.578
9 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.13 26.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.45 261.030 288.485
10 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.58 39.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.07 261.030 302.099
11 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.25 55.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.54 261.030 318.572
12 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 78.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 81.99 261.030 343.018
13 1304.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.13 105.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 109.44 261.030 370.473
14 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.90 144.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 149.70 261.030 410.730
15 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.35 171.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.00 179.72 261.030 440.751
16 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.41 257.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.72 0.72 0.00 268.34 261.030 529.370
17 820.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.39 294.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.87 1.72 2.20 0.00 311.06 261.030 572.085
18 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.79 329.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.31 2.87 5.28 13.21 0.00 364.56 261.030 625.594
19 525.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.39 343.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.03 4.31 8.80 31.71 35.66 0.00 439.21 261.030 700.242
20 392.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.41 329.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.61 6.03 13.20 52.85 85.58 9.40 0.00 513.19 261.030 774.220
21 294.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.35 294.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.49 8.61 18.48 79.27 142.64 22.56 1.99 0.00 587.26 261.030 848.294
22 237.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.16 257.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.79 11.49 26.40 110.98 213.96 37.60 4.77 1.35 0.00 686.00 261.030 947.028
23 192.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.90 215.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.72 15.79 35.20 158.55 299.55 56.40 7.95 3.25 0.72 0.00 816.92 261.030 1077.949
24 162.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.94 171.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.08 18.72 48.41 211.40 427.92 78.96 11.93 5.41 1.72 0.00 0.00 1008.16 261.030 1269.189
25 132.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.94 138.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.16 28.08 57.38 290.67 570.56 112.81 16.70 8.12 2.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 1260.66 261.030 1521.686
26 105.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.21 103.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.89 32.16 86.07 344.58 784.52 150.41 23.86 11.37 4.31 0.00 0.32 0.13 0.00 1579.04 261.030 1840.067
27 96.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.78 77.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.44 35.89 98.57 516.87 930.02 206.81 31.82 16.24 6.03 0.00 0.54 0.32 1.93 0.00 1961.65 261.030 2222.684
28 76.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.44 62.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.89 37.44 110.01 591.91 1395.03 245.16 43.75 21.65 8.61 0.00 0.80 0.54 4.63 2.96 0.00 2562.23 261.030 2823.258
29 66.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.22 50.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.16 35.89 114.76 660.62 1597.57 367.75 51.86 29.77 11.49 0.00 1.12 0.80 7.72 7.10 3.73 0.00 2974.11 261.030 3235.140
30 56.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 42.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.08 32.16 110.01 689.16 1783.01 421.14 77.79 35.29 15.79 0.00 1.61 1.12 11.58 11.83 8.95 17.08 0.00 3288.24 261.030 3549.268
31 46.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.79 34.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.54 28.08 98.57 660.62 1860.03 470.02 89.08 52.94 18.72 0.00 2.14 1.61 16.22 17.74 14.91 40.98 44.29 0.00 3475.04 261.030 3736.071
32 41.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.72 27.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.72 23.54 86.07 591.91 1783.01 490.33 99.42 60.62 28.08 0.00 2.94 2.14 23.17 24.84 22.37 68.30 106.28 12.46 0.00 3472.59 261.030 3733.615
33 36.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 25.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.07 18.72 72.17 516.87 1597.57 470.02 103.72 67.66 32.16 0.00 3.49 2.94 30.89 35.49 31.31 102.45 177.14 29.89 3.47 0.00 3336.89 261.030 3597.925
34 31.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 20.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.26 15.07 57.38 433.37 1395.03 421.14 99.42 70.58 35.89 0.00 5.24 3.49 42.48 47.32 44.73 143.43 265.71 49.82 8.33 2.70 0.00 3172.89 261.030 3433.924
35 26.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 17.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.44 11.26 46.20 344.58 1169.65 367.75 89.08 67.66 37.44 0.00 6.00 5.24 50.35 65.06 59.64 204.91 371.99 74.73 13.88 6.48 1.93 0.00 3020.08 261.030 3281.110
36 21.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 14.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.81 8.44 34.50 277.46 930.02 308.34 77.79 60.62 35.89 0.00 6.69 6.00 75.53 77.13 82.01 273.21 531.42 104.62 20.83 10.80 4.63 0.13 0.00 2947.95 261.030 3208.984
37 16.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 12.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.51 6.81 25.87 207.17 748.86 245.16 65.22 52.94 32.16 0.00 6.98 6.69 86.50 115.70 97.21 375.66 708.56 149.46 29.16 16.20 7.72 0.32 10.09 0.00 3012.39 261.030 3273.419
38 11.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 10.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.65 5.51 20.86 155.38 559.15 197.41 51.86 44.38 28.08 0.00 6.69 6.98 96.54 132.50 145.82 445.33 974.27 199.28 41.65 22.69 11.58 0.54 24.22 10.09 0.00 3196.54 261.030 3457.566
39 9.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 9.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.79 4.65 16.90 125.25 419.36 147.40 41.76 35.29 23.54 0.00 6.00 6.69 100.71 147.87 166.99 668.00 1154.95 274.01 55.53 32.41 16.22 0.80 40.37 24.22 15.38 0.00 3537.83 261.030 3798.856
40 6.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 8.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 3.79 14.26 101.47 338.06 110.55 31.18 28.42 18.72 0.00 5.24 6.00 96.54 154.26 186.38 764.99 1732.43 324.83 76.36 43.21 23.17 1.12 60.56 40.37 36.90 18.39 0.00 4228.57 261.030 4489.598
41 4.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 6.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.76 3.01 11.62 85.62 273.87 89.12 23.38 21.22 15.07 0.00 4.39 5.24 86.50 147.87 194.43 853.78 1983.97 487.24 90.52 59.42 30.89 1.61 84.79 60.56 61.51 44.15 20.66 0.00 4750.18 261.030 5011.214
42 2.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 5.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.18 2.76 9.24 69.76 231.08 72.20 18.85 15.91 11.26 0.00 3.49 4.39 75.53 132.50 186.38 890.66 2214.25 557.99 135.78 70.44 42.48 2.14 121.12 84.79 92.26 73.58 49.58 59.90 0.00 5236.13 261.030 5497.164
43 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 4.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.90 2.18 8.45 55.49 188.29 60.92 15.27 12.83 8.44 0.00 2.81 3.49 63.33 115.70 166.99 853.78 2309.91 622.76 155.49 105.65 50.35 2.94 161.50 121.12 129.16 110.37 82.64 143.77 139.90 0.00 5699.71 261.030 5960.744
44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 2.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61 1.90 6.69 50.74 149.77 49.63 12.89 10.39 6.81 0.00 2.10 2.81 50.35 97.01 145.82 764.99 2214.25 649.66 173.54 121.00 75.53 3.49 222.06 161.50 184.52 154.52 123.95 239.61 335.76 46.32 0.00 6062.15 261.030 6323.181
45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.32 1.61 5.81 40.17 136.93 39.48 10.50 8.77 5.51 0.00 1.57 2.10 40.54 77.13 122.26 668.00 1983.97 622.76 181.04 135.04 86.50 5.24 263.24 222.06 246.02 220.74 173.54 359.41 559.59 111.16 19.90 0.00 6354.33 261.030 6615.359
46 0.00 0.00 0.03 1.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.18 1.32 4.93 34.88 108.41 36.10 8.35 7.14 4.65 0.00 1.27 1.57 30.27 62.11 97.21 560.08 1732.43 557.99 173.54 140.87 96.54 6.00 394.86 263.24 338.28 294.32 247.91 503.18 839.39 185.27 47.77 17.64 0.00 6800.31 261.030 7061.340
47 0.00 0.02 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.03 1.18 4.05 29.60 94.14 28.58 7.64 5.68 3.79 0.00 1.03 1.27 22.71 46.37 78.28 445.33 1452.55 487.24 155.49 135.04 100.71 6.69 452.19 394.86 401.01 404.69 330.54 718.83 1175.14 277.91 79.62 42.34 15.38 0.00 7401.97 261.030 7663.000
48 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.89 1.03 3.61 24.31 79.88 24.82 6.04 5.20 3.01 0.00 0.87 1.03 18.30 34.78 58.45 358.59 1154.95 408.53 135.78 121.00 96.54 6.98 504.68 452.19 601.52 479.74 454.50 958.44 1678.78 389.07 119.43 70.56 36.90 10.09 8301.00 261.030 8562.035
49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.89 3.17 21.67 65.61 21.06 5.25 4.11 2.76 0.00 0.71 0.87 14.83 28.04 43.84 267.75 929.99 324.83 113.84 105.65 86.50 6.69 526.48 504.68 688.86 719.61 538.79 1317.85 2238.37 555.82 167.20 105.84 61.51 24.22 9498.00 261.030 9759.032
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.75 2.73 19.03 58.48 17.30 4.45 3.57 2.18 0.00 0.56 0.71 12.51 22.71 35.34 200.81 694.39 261.56 90.52 88.59 75.53 6.00 504.68 526.48 768.81 824.10 808.18 1562.25 3077.76 741.09 238.85 148.18 92.26 40.37 10931.31 261.030 11192.344
51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.60 2.29 16.38 51.35 15.42 3.66 3.03 1.90 0.00 0.51 0.56 10.19 19.16 28.63 161.88 520.79 195.30 72.89 70.44 63.33 5.24 452.19 504.68 802.03 919.75 925.52 2343.38 3648.54 1019.00 318.47 211.68 129.16 60.56 12578.96 261.030 12839.987
52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.46 1.85 13.74 44.22 13.54 3.26 2.49 1.61 0.00 0.41 0.51 8.11 15.62 24.15 131.14 419.82 146.47 54.42 56.72 50.35 4.39 394.86 452.19 768.81 959.48 1032.95 2683.62 5472.81 1207.97 437.90 282.25 184.52 84.79 14955.74 261.030 15216.770
53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.32 1.41 11.10 37.09 11.66 2.86 2.22 1.32 0.00 0.35 0.41 7.41 12.42 19.68 110.65 340.11 118.07 40.82 42.35 40.54 3.49 331.07 394.86 688.86 919.75 1077.57 2995.11 6267.43 1811.96 519.11 388.09 246.02 121.12 16565.49 261.030 16826.517
54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.26 0.97 8.46 29.95 9.78 2.47 1.95 1.18 0.00 0.30 0.35 5.87 11.36 15.66 90.16 286.97 95.66 32.90 31.76 30.27 2.81 263.24 331.07 601.52 824.10 1032.95 3124.50 6994.90 2075.05 778.66 460.06 338.28 161.50 17645.06 261.030 17906.088
55 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.17 0.79 5.81 22.82 7.90 2.07 1.68 1.03 0.00 0.25 0.30 5.10 8.99 14.31 71.72 233.82 80.71 26.66 25.60 22.71 2.10 211.96 263.24 504.34 719.61 925.52 2995.11 7297.08 2315.90 891.71 690.09 401.01 222.06 17972.30 261.030 18233.335
56 0.00 0.06 0.11 0.53 4.76 15.69 6.02 1.67 1.41 0.89 0.00 0.22 0.25 4.32 7.81 11.33 65.57 186.00 65.76 22.49 20.74 18.30 1.57 158.27 211.96 401.01 603.36 808.18 2683.62 6994.90 2415.95 995.22 790.29 601.52 263.24 17363.02 261.030 17624.05
57 0.00 0.06 0.35 3.17 12.84 4.14 1.27 1.14 0.75 0.00 0.19 0.22 3.55 6.62 9.84 51.91 170.05 52.31 18.33 17.50 14.83 1.27 118.70 158.27 322.90 479.74 677.62 2343.38 6267.43 2315.90 1038.21 882.02 688.86 394.86 16058.22 261.030 16319.247
58 0.00 0.18 2.11 8.56 3.38 0.87 0.87 0.60 0.00 0.17 0.19 3.17 5.44 8.35 45.08 134.63 47.83 14.58 14.26 12.51 1.03 95.69 118.70 241.10 386.29 538.79 1964.79 5472.81 2075.05 995.22 920.12 768.81 452.19 14333.36 261.030 14594.394
59 0.00 1.06 5.71 2.26 0.72 0.60 0.46 0.00 0.14 0.17 2.78 4.85 6.86 38.25 116.91 37.86 13.33 11.34 10.19 0.87 77.52 95.69 180.83 288.43 433.84 1562.25 4588.65 1811.96 891.71 882.02 802.03 504.68 12373.95 261.030 12634.976
60 0.00 2.85 1.50 0.48 0.49 0.32 0.00 0.11 0.14 2.39 4.26 6.11 31.42 99.20 32.88 10.55 10.37 8.11 0.71 65.41 77.52 145.77 216.33 323.93 1257.95 3648.54 1519.23 778.66 790.29 768.81 526.48 10330.80 261.030 10591.828
61 0.00 0.75 0.32 0.32 0.26 0.00 0.09 0.11 2.01 3.67 5.37 28.00 81.48 27.90 9.16 8.21 7.41 0.56 53.29 65.41 118.09 174.38 242.95 939.27 2937.86 1207.97 652.86 690.09 688.86 504.68 8451.34 261.030 8712.372
62 0.00 0.16 0.22 0.17 0.00 0.06 0.09 1.62 3.08 4.62 24.59 72.63 22.92 7.77 7.13 5.87 0.51 42.39 53.29 99.64 141.27 195.85 704.45 2193.60 972.68 519.11 578.60 601.52 452.19 6706.03 261.030 6967.058
63 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.05 0.06 1.24 2.48 3.88 21.17 63.77 20.43 6.39 6.05 5.10 0.41 38.76 42.39 81.19 119.20 158.66 567.87 1645.20 726.27 417.99 460.06 504.34 394.86 5288.03 261.030 5549.060
64 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.85 1.89 3.13 17.76 54.91 17.94 5.69 4.97 4.32 0.35 30.68 38.76 64.58 97.13 133.87 460.05 1326.23 544.70 312.10 370.45 401.01 331.07 4222.59 261.030 4483.619
65 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.70 1.30 2.39 14.34 46.06 15.44 5.00 4.43 3.55 0.30 26.65 30.68 59.04 77.26 109.08 388.17 1074.42 439.10 234.08 276.60 322.90 263.24 3394.77 261.030 3655.799
66 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.46 1.06 1.64 10.93 37.20 12.95 4.30 3.89 3.17 0.25 22.61 26.65 46.74 70.64 86.77 316.28 906.54 355.72 188.69 207.45 241.10 211.96 2757.05 261.030 3018.075
67 0.00 0.01 0.31 0.71 1.34 7.51 28.34 10.46 3.61 3.35 2.78 0.22 18.57 22.61 40.59 55.92 79.33 251.59 738.66 300.14 152.87 167.23 180.83 158.27 2225.25 261.030 2486.283
68 0.00 0.15 0.47 0.89 6.15 19.49 7.97 2.92 2.81 2.39 0.19 16.55 18.57 34.44 48.56 62.80 230.02 587.57 244.56 128.98 135.48 145.77 118.70 1815.45 261.030 2076.482
69 0.00 0.24 0.60 4.10 15.94 5.48 2.22 2.27 2.01 0.17 14.53 16.55 28.29 41.20 54.54 182.10 537.21 194.54 105.09 114.31 118.09 95.69 1535.17 261.030 1796.201
70 0.00 0.30 2.73 10.63 4.48 1.53 1.73 1.62 0.14 12.52 14.53 25.22 33.85 46.28 158.14 425.29 177.86 83.60 93.14 99.64 77.52 1270.74 261.030 1531.769
71 0.00 1.37 7.09 2.99 1.25 1.19 1.24 0.11 10.50 12.52 22.14 30.17 38.01 134.18 369.33 140.81 76.43 74.09 81.19 65.41 1070.00 261.030 1331.026
72 0.00 3.54 1.99 0.83 0.97 0.85 0.09 8.48 10.50 19.07 26.49 33.88 110.22 313.37 122.28 60.51 67.74 64.58 53.29 898.68 261.030 1159.712
73 0.00 1.00 0.56 0.65 0.70 0.06 6.46 8.48 15.99 22.81 29.75 98.24 257.41 103.75 52.55 53.63 59.04 42.39 753.46 261.030 1014.489
74 0.00 0.28 0.43 0.46 0.05 4.44 6.46 12.92 19.13 25.62 86.26 229.43 85.23 44.59 46.57 46.74 38.76 647.36 261.030 908.393
75 0.00 0.22 0.31 0.03 3.63 4.44 9.84 15.45 21.49 74.28 201.45 75.96 36.62 39.51 40.59 30.68 554.52 261.030 815.549
76 0.00 0.15 0.02 2.42 3.63 6.77 11.77 17.35 62.30 173.47 66.70 32.64 32.46 34.44 26.65 470.78 261.030 731.815
77 0.00 0.01 1.61 2.42 5.54 8.09 13.22 50.32 145.49 57.43 28.66 28.93 28.29 22.61 392.64 261.030 653.670
78 0.00 0.81 1.61 3.69 6.62 9.09 38.34 117.51 48.17 24.68 25.40 25.22 18.57 319.72 261.030 580.750
79 0.00 0.81 2.46 4.41 7.44 26.36 89.53 38.91 20.70 21.87 22.14 16.55 251.19 261.030 512.218
80 0.00 1.23 2.94 4.96 21.56 61.56 29.64 16.72 18.35 19.07 14.53 190.56 261.030 451.592
81 0.00 1.47 3.31 14.38 50.36 20.38 12.74 14.82 15.99 12.52 145.96 261.030 406.991
82 0.00 1.65 9.58 33.58 16.67 8.76 11.29 12.92 10.50 104.95 261.030 365.978
83 0.00 4.79 22.38 11.12 7.17 7.76 9.84 8.48 71.54 261.030 332.569
84 0.00 11.19 7.41 4.78 6.35 6.77 6.46 42.96 261.030 303.986
85 0.00 3.71 3.18 4.23 5.54 4.44 21.10 261.030 282.130
86 0.00 1.59 2.82 3.69 3.63 11.74 261.030 272.769
87 0.00 1.41 2.46 2.42 6.29 261.030 267.324
88 0.00 1.23 1.61 2.85 261.030 263.875
89 0.00 0.81 0.81 261.030 261.837
18233
ANNEXURE-VI-5
2 Day GRID VALUE SPS

Area SPS Values (mm)
(Sq. Km) LGD-4 MND318-01 INV-2 INV-3
5000 610 616 589 547
7500 568 567 548 502
5220.6 606.29 611.68 585.38 543.03 586.60
1 19.2
2 Day DAD CURVE SPS
Area SPS 3 34.6
(Sq. Km) Values 6 44.3
5000 518 9 52.8
7500 475 12 58.8
5220.6 514.21 15 64.8
Clock Hour Correction 1.15 18 69.8
24 78.8
Ist 12 hour Bell 396.6558 27 83.3
IInd 12 hour Bell 134.9169 30 87.8
IIIrd 12 hour Bell 111.3065 33 92.3
IVth 12 hour Bell 31.70548 36 95.3
39 96.8
42 98.3
45 99.5
48 100
Time
Duration(Hrs) Distributi
on (%)
1 19.2 32.65
2 26.0 44.22
3 34.6 58.84
4 38.0 64.63
5 41.3 70.24
6 44.3 75.34
7 47.0 79.93
8 49.7 84.52
9 52.8 89.80
10 54.8 93.20
11 56.8 96.60
12 58.8 100.00
ANNEXURE-VI-5
67.46 cm
1st 12-hr 39.67 cm

2nd 12-hr 13.49 cm
3rd 12-hr 11.13 cm
4th 12-hr 3.17 cm
Ist Bell, 2nd Bell,

cm cm
1 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 12.952 4.41 3.63 1.04
2 44.22 44.22 44.22 44.22 11.56 11.56 11.56 11.56 4.587 1.56 1.29 0.37
3 58.84 58.84 58.84 58.84 14.63 14.63 14.63 14.63 5.801 1.97 1.63 0.46
4 64.63 64.63 64.63 64.63 5.78 5.78 5.78 5.78 2.294 0.78 0.64 0.18
5 70.24 70.24 70.24 70.24 5.61 5.61 5.61 5.61 2.226 0.76 0.62 0.18
6 75.34 75.34 75.34 75.34 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 2.024 0.69 0.57 0.16
7 79.93 79.93 79.93 79.93 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 1.821 0.62 0.51 0.15
8 84.52 84.52 84.52 84.52 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 1.821 0.62 0.51 0.15
9 89.80 89.80 89.80 89.80 5.27 5.27 5.27 5.27 2.091 0.71 0.59 0.17
10 93.20 93.20 93.20 93.20 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1.349 0.46 0.38 0.11
11 96.60 96.60 96.60 96.60 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1.349 0.46 0.38 0.11
12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1.349 0.46 0.38 0.11
100 100 100 100 39.67 13.49 11.13 3.17

U.G.
Time Critical Arrangement of rainfall increments in bells Critical 1Hr excessive Rainfall arrangement Critical 1Hr excessive Rainfall after reversing
Ordinate
1 550.0 0.11 0.38 0.46 1.35 0.000 0.179 0.259 1.149 0.000 0.179 0.259 1.149
2 652.0 0.15 0.51 0.62 1.82 0.000 0.311 0.420 1.621 0.000 0.179 0.259 1.149
3 978.0 0.16 0.57 0.69 2.02 0.000 0.368 0.488 1.824 0.000 0.311 0.420 1.621
4 1120.0 0.18 0.62 0.76 2.23 0.000 0.425 0.557 2.026 0.000 0.387 0.511 1.891
5 1250.0 0.37 1.29 1.56 4.59 0.167 1.087 1.360 4.387 0.000 0.444 0.580 2.094
6 1304.0 1.04 3.63 4.41 12.95 0.835 3.434 4.205 12.752 0.264 1.428 1.773 5.601
7 1250.0 0.46 1.63 1.97 5.80 0.264 1.428 1.773 5.601 0.835 3.434 4.205 12.752
8 1120.0 0.18 0.64 0.78 2.29 0.000 0.444 0.580 2.094 0.167 1.087 1.360 4.387
9 978.0 0.17 0.59 0.71 2.09 0.000 0.387 0.511 1.891 0.000 0.425 0.557 2.026
10 820.0 0.15 0.51 0.62 1.82 0.000 0.311 0.420 1.621 0.000 0.368 0.488 1.824
11 652.0 0.11 0.38 0.46 1.35 0.000 0.179 0.259 1.149 0.000 0.311 0.420 1.621
12 525.0 0.11 0.38 0.46 1.35 0.000 0.179 0.259 1.149 0.000 0.179 0.259 1.149
3.17 11.13 13.49 39.67 1.27 8.73 11.09 37.27 1.27 8.73 11.09 37.27
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Computation of SPF
Total Flow
UH DSRO Base Flow
(hr) 0 0 0 0 0 0.26372 0.83528 0.166662 0 0 0 0 0.1786 0.17859 0.3111 0.38682 0.44361 1.42795 3.4345 1.08722 0.42468 0.36789 0.3111 0.17859 0.2589 0.2589 0.41952 0.5113 0.58013 1.77327 4.20545 1.36026 0.55719 0.48835 0.41952 0.2589 1.14917 1.14917 1.621 1.891 2.094 5.601 12.752 4.387 2.026 1.824 1.621 1.149 Cumecs
ordinate
(Cumecs)
0 0.0 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
1 25.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
2 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
3 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
4 150.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
5 210.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
6 300.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.59 0.00 6.59 261.030 267.623
7 400.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.82 20.88 0.00 36.71 261.030 297.735
8 550.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.37 50.12 4.17 0.00 80.66 261.030 341.685
9 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.56 83.53 10.00 0.00 0.00 133.09 261.030 394.116
10 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 55.38 125.29 16.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 197.34 261.030 458.369
11 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.12 175.41 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 279.52 261.030 540.554
12 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 105.49 250.58 35.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.07 261.030 652.101
13 1304.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 145.05 334.11 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.46 0.00 533.62 261.030 794.652
14 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 171.95 459.40 66.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.72 4.46 0.00 713.19 261.030 974.225
15 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 257.92 544.60 91.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.86 10.72 7.78 0.00 930.54 261.030 1191.568
16 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 295.37 816.90 108.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.79 17.86 18.67 7.78 0.00 1292.03 261.030 1553.056
17 820.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 329.65 935.51 163.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.50 26.79 31.11 18.67 11.09 0.00 1553.32 261.030 1814.350
18 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 343.89 1044.10 186.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.58 37.50 46.67 31.11 26.62 35.70 0.00 1805.83 261.030 2066.856
19 525.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 329.65 1089.21 208.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 71.44 53.58 65.33 46.67 44.36 85.68 85.86 0.00 2080.10 261.030 2341.126
20 392.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 295.37 1044.10 217.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 98.23 71.44 93.33 65.33 66.54 142.80 206.07 27.18 0.00 2327.71 261.030 2588.737
21 294.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 257.92 935.51 208.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 116.44 98.23 124.44 93.33 93.16 214.19 343.45 65.23 10.62 0.00 2560.85 261.030 2821.881
22 237.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 216.25 816.90 186.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 174.66 116.44 171.11 124.44 133.08 299.87 515.17 108.72 25.48 9.20 0.00 2898.00 261.030 3159.027
23 192.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 171.95 684.93 163.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.02 174.66 202.84 171.11 177.44 428.39 721.24 163.08 42.47 22.07 7.78 0.00 3330.98 261.030 3592.009
24 162.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 138.45 544.60 136.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.24 200.02 304.26 202.84 243.98 571.18 1030.35 228.32 63.70 36.79 18.67 4.46 0.00 3947.53 261.030 4208.562
25 132.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 103.38 438.52 108.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 232.89 223.24 348.43 304.26 289.23 785.37 1373.80 326.17 89.18 55.18 31.11 10.72 6.47 0.00 4726.62 261.030 4987.647
26 105.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 77.53 327.43 87.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.24 232.89 388.88 348.43 433.85 931.02 1888.97 434.89 127.40 77.26 46.67 17.86 15.53 6.47 0.00 5665.83 261.030 5926.855
27 96.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.50 245.57 65.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.02 223.24 405.68 388.88 496.84 1396.54 2239.29 597.97 169.87 110.37 65.33 26.79 25.89 15.53 10.49 0.00 6746.14 261.030 7007.166
28 76.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.63 197.96 49.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 174.66 200.02 388.88 405.68 554.51 1599.31 3358.94 708.87 233.57 147.16 93.33 37.50 38.84 25.89 25.17 12.78 0.00 8302.70 261.030 8563.730
29 66.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42.72 160.37 39.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 146.45 174.66 348.43 388.88 578.47 1784.94 3846.64 1063.30 276.89 202.34 124.44 53.58 54.37 38.84 41.95 30.68 14.50 0.00 9411.94 261.030 9672.974
30 56.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.81 135.32 32.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 116.44 146.45 304.26 348.43 554.51 1862.05 4293.12 1217.68 415.34 239.86 171.11 71.44 77.67 54.37 62.93 51.13 34.81 44.33 0.00 10268.05 261.030 10529.081
31 46.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.69 110.26 27.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 93.76 116.44 255.10 304.26 496.84 1784.94 4478.58 1359.02 475.64 359.80 202.84 98.23 103.56 77.67 88.10 76.69 58.01 106.40 105.14 0.00 10805.97 261.030 11067.001
32 41.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.32 87.70 22.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 70.01 93.76 202.84 255.10 433.85 1599.31 4293.12 1417.73 530.85 412.04 304.26 116.44 142.40 103.56 125.85 107.37 87.02 177.33 252.33 34.01 0.00 10894.19 261.030 11155.221
33 36.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.04 80.19 17.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.51 70.01 163.33 202.84 363.76 1396.54 3846.64 1359.02 553.78 459.86 348.43 174.66 168.80 142.40 167.81 153.39 121.83 265.99 420.55 81.62 13.93 0.00 10645.41 261.030 10906.442
34 31.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.41 63.48 16.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42.33 52.51 121.95 163.33 289.23 1170.92 3358.94 1217.68 530.85 479.73 388.88 200.02 253.21 168.80 230.73 204.52 174.04 372.39 630.82 136.03 33.43 12.21 0.00 10329.43 261.030 10590.457
35 26.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.77 55.13 12.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.29 42.33 91.46 121.95 232.89 931.02 2816.29 1063.30 475.64 459.86 405.68 223.24 289.97 253.21 273.52 281.21 232.05 531.98 883.14 204.04 55.72 29.30 10.49 0.00 10025.16 261.030 10286.192
36 21.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.13 46.78 11.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.93 34.29 73.73 91.46 173.89 749.67 2239.29 891.52 415.34 412.04 388.88 232.89 323.63 289.97 410.29 333.37 319.07 709.31 1261.64 285.66 83.58 48.84 25.17 6.47 0.00 9898.82 261.030 10159.847
37 16.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.81 38.42 9.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.57 28.93 59.73 73.73 130.42 559.76 1803.11 708.87 348.24 359.80 348.43 223.24 337.61 323.63 469.86 500.05 378.25 975.30 1682.18 408.08 117.01 73.25 41.95 15.53 28.73 0.00 10077.83 261.030 10338.855
38 11.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.49 34.25 7.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.75 23.57 50.40 59.73 105.14 419.82 1346.32 570.79 276.89 301.67 304.26 200.02 323.63 337.61 524.40 572.65 567.37 1156.18 2313.00 544.11 167.16 102.55 62.93 25.89 68.95 28.73 0.00 10523.91 261.030 10784.937
39 9.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.18 30.07 6.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.14 18.75 41.07 50.40 85.17 338.42 1009.74 426.19 222.96 239.86 255.10 174.66 289.97 323.63 547.05 639.12 649.75 1734.26 2741.95 748.15 222.87 146.51 88.10 38.84 114.92 68.95 40.53 0.00 11319.15 261.030 11580.179
40 6.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.86 25.89 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.57 17.14 32.67 41.07 71.86 274.17 813.98 319.64 166.47 193.14 202.84 146.45 253.21 289.97 524.40 666.73 725.16 1986.07 4112.93 886.89 306.45 195.34 125.85 54.37 172.38 114.92 97.28 47.28 0.00 12890.98 261.030 13152.010
41 4.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.54 21.72 5.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.79 13.57 29.87 32.67 58.56 231.33 659.42 257.67 124.86 144.21 163.33 116.44 212.30 253.21 469.86 639.12 756.49 2216.59 4710.11 1330.34 363.29 268.59 167.81 77.67 241.33 172.38 162.14 113.47 52.34 0.00 14083.15 261.030 14344.182
42 2.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.22 17.54 4.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 11.79 23.64 29.87 46.58 188.49 556.39 208.75 100.65 108.16 121.95 93.76 168.80 212.30 410.29 572.65 725.16 2312.35 5256.81 1523.50 544.93 318.41 230.73 103.56 344.75 241.33 243.21 189.12 125.62 140.04 0.00 15189.67 261.030 15450.697
43 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.90 13.36 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.22 10.00 20.53 23.64 42.59 149.93 453.35 176.13 81.54 87.19 91.46 70.01 135.92 168.80 344.00 500.05 649.75 2216.59 5483.91 1700.33 624.05 477.61 273.52 142.40 459.67 344.75 340.49 283.68 209.36 336.09 318.80 0.00 16244.13 261.030 16505.164
44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.37 9.19 2.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.32 8.22 17.42 20.53 33.71 137.08 360.62 143.51 68.80 70.63 73.73 52.51 101.49 135.92 273.52 419.26 567.37 1986.07 5256.81 1773.78 696.48 546.95 410.29 168.80 632.04 459.67 486.41 397.15 314.04 560.14 765.12 109.68 0.00 17069.35 261.030 17330.378
45 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.58 7.52 1.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.43 7.32 14.31 17.42 29.28 108.52 329.71 114.16 56.06 59.60 59.73 42.33 76.12 101.49 220.25 333.37 475.71 1734.26 4710.11 1700.33 726.57 610.44 469.86 253.21 749.26 632.04 648.55 567.36 439.65 840.21 1275.20 263.23 50.65 0.00 17733.67 261.030 17994.703
46 0.00 0.00 1.05 5.01 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.54 6.43 12.76 14.31 24.84 94.24 261.02 104.37 44.59 48.56 50.40 34.29 61.36 76.12 164.45 268.43 378.25 1454.09 4112.93 1523.50 696.48 636.81 524.40 289.97 1123.89 749.26 891.76 756.49 628.08 1176.30 1912.80 438.72 121.57 45.59 0.00 18740.14 261.030 19001.175
47 0.00 0.53 3.34 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.64 5.54 11.20 12.76 20.41 79.97 226.68 82.63 40.77 38.63 41.07 28.93 49.71 61.36 123.34 200.43 304.57 1156.18 3448.47 1330.34 624.05 610.44 547.05 323.63 1287.07 1123.89 1057.14 1040.17 837.44 1680.43 2677.93 658.08 202.61 109.43 40.53 0.00 20092.33 261.030 20353.359
48 0.00 1.67 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.75 4.64 9.64 11.20 18.19 65.69 192.33 71.76 32.28 35.32 32.67 23.57 41.94 49.71 99.43 150.32 227.41 930.97 2741.95 1115.42 544.93 546.95 524.40 337.61 1436.46 1287.07 1585.71 1233.07 1151.47 2240.57 3825.61 921.31 303.92 182.38 97.28 28.73 22107.98 261.030 22369.011
49 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.86 3.75 8.09 9.64 15.97 58.55 157.99 60.88 28.03 27.96 29.87 18.75 34.17 41.94 80.55 121.18 170.56 695.12 2207.86 886.89 456.89 477.61 469.86 323.63 1498.52 1436.46 1815.94 1849.61 1365.02 3080.79 5100.81 1316.15 425.49 273.56 162.14 68.95 24782.37 261.030 25043.397
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.96 2.86 6.53 8.09 13.75 51.41 140.81 50.01 23.78 24.28 23.64 17.14 27.18 34.17 67.96 98.17 137.49 521.34 1648.54 714.14 363.29 400.45 410.29 289.97 1436.46 1498.52 2026.72 2118.16 2047.53 3652.13 7013.61 1754.87 607.84 382.99 243.21 114.92 27974.23 261.030 28235.256
51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61 1.96 4.98 6.53 11.53 44.27 123.64 44.58 19.54 20.60 20.53 13.57 24.85 27.18 55.38 82.83 111.39 420.27 1236.40 533.22 292.52 318.41 344.00 253.21 1287.07 1436.46 2114.28 2364.02 2344.82 5478.20 8314.32 2412.95 810.45 547.13 340.49 172.38 31635.55 261.030 31896.585
52 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.07 1.61 3.42 4.98 9.32 37.13 106.47 39.14 17.41 16.92 17.42 11.79 19.68 24.85 44.05 67.49 93.98 340.47 996.69 399.92 218.42 256.38 273.52 212.30 1123.89 1287.07 2026.72 2466.14 2616.98 6273.60 12471.48 2860.44 1114.37 729.50 486.41 241.33 36912.37 261.030 37173.399
53 0.00 0.00 0.71 1.07 2.80 3.42 7.10 29.99 89.30 33.70 15.29 15.08 14.31 10.00 17.09 19.68 40.27 53.69 76.58 287.27 807.45 322.38 163.81 191.43 220.25 168.80 942.32 1123.89 1815.94 2364.02 2730.04 7001.79 14282.27 4290.66 1321.04 1003.06 648.55 344.75 40459.80 261.030 40720.825
54 0.00 0.36 0.71 1.87 2.80 4.88 22.85 72.12 28.27 13.17 13.24 12.76 8.22 14.50 17.09 31.88 49.08 60.91 234.07 681.28 261.17 132.05 143.58 164.45 135.92 749.26 942.32 1585.71 2118.16 2616.98 7304.26 15940.03 4913.64 1981.55 1189.09 891.76 459.67 42799.66 261.030 43060.691
55 0.00 0.36 1.24 1.87 3.99 15.71 54.95 22.83 11.04 11.40 11.20 7.32 11.91 14.50 27.69 38.86 55.69 186.19 555.12 220.36 106.98 115.74 123.34 101.49 603.31 749.26 1329.53 1849.61 2344.82 7001.79 16628.64 5483.97 2269.27 1783.63 1057.14 632.04 43432.79 261.030 43693.822
56 0.00 0.62 1.24 2.66 12.85 37.78 17.40 8.92 9.57 9.64 6.43 10.61 11.91 23.49 33.75 44.09 170.23 441.57 179.55 90.26 93.76 99.43 76.12 450.47 603.31 1057.14 1550.79 2047.53 6273.60 15940.03 5720.88 2532.66 2042.60 1585.71 749.26 41935.89 261.030 42196.92
57 0.00 0.62 1.77 8.57 30.91 11.96 6.79 7.73 8.09 5.54 9.32 10.61 19.30 28.63 38.29 134.77 403.72 142.83 73.55 79.11 80.55 61.36 337.86 450.47 851.22 1233.07 1716.74 5478.20 14282.27 5483.97 2642.07 2279.69 1815.94 1123.89 38859.42 261.030 39120.452
58 0.00 0.89 5.71 20.61 9.78 4.67 5.89 6.53 4.64 8.03 9.32 17.20 23.52 32.49 117.04 319.61 130.59 58.50 64.46 67.96 49.71 272.35 337.86 635.58 992.89 1365.02 4593.17 12471.48 4913.64 2532.66 2378.18 2026.72 1287.07 34763.77 261.030 35024.797
59 0.00 2.86 13.74 6.52 3.82 4.05 4.98 3.75 6.73 8.03 15.10 20.96 26.69 99.30 277.56 103.38 53.49 51.28 55.38 41.94 220.64 272.35 476.69 741.36 1099.13 3652.13 10456.66 4290.66 2269.27 2279.69 2114.28 1436.46 30108.87 261.030 30369.897
60 0.00 6.87 4.35 2.55 3.31 3.42 2.86 5.44 6.73 13.01 18.41 23.79 81.57 235.51 89.78 42.35 46.88 44.05 34.17 186.17 220.64 384.27 556.02 820.69 2940.75 8314.32 3597.48 1981.55 2042.60 2026.72 1498.52 25234.76 261.030 25495.788
61 0.00 2.17 1.70 2.21 2.80 1.96 4.14 5.44 10.91 15.85 20.88 72.70 193.45 76.17 36.77 37.11 40.27 27.18 151.69 186.17 311.30 448.22 615.51 2195.76 6694.81 2860.44 1661.43 1783.63 1815.94 1436.46 20713.11 261.030 20974.142
62 0.00 0.85 1.47 1.87 1.61 2.85 4.14 8.81 13.29 17.98 63.84 172.42 62.57 31.20 32.23 31.88 24.85 120.66 151.69 262.66 363.11 496.18 1646.82 4998.79 2303.27 1321.04 1495.48 1585.71 1287.07 16504.36 261.030 16765.392
63 0.00 0.74 1.24 1.07 2.33 2.85 6.71 10.74 15.08 54.97 151.40 55.77 25.63 27.35 27.69 19.68 110.32 120.66 214.02 306.38 401.97 1327.54 3749.10 1719.77 1063.72 1189.09 1329.53 1123.89 13059.23 261.030 13320.255
64 0.00 0.62 0.71 1.55 2.33 4.61 8.18 12.18 46.11 130.37 48.97 22.84 22.46 23.49 17.09 87.34 110.32 170.24 249.64 339.16 1075.47 3022.23 1289.83 794.24 957.47 1057.14 942.32 10436.94 261.030 10697.970
65 0.00 0.36 1.04 1.55 3.78 5.62 9.28 37.24 109.34 42.17 20.06 20.02 19.30 14.50 75.85 87.34 155.65 198.58 276.35 907.43 2448.39 1039.76 595.68 714.91 851.22 749.26 8384.68 261.030 8645.707
66 0.00 0.52 1.04 2.52 4.60 6.38 28.37 88.31 35.37 17.27 17.58 17.20 11.91 64.35 75.85 123.22 181.56 219.83 739.39 2065.83 842.34 480.19 536.18 635.58 603.31 6798.70 261.030 7059.732
67 0.00 0.52 1.68 3.07 5.22 19.51 67.29 28.57 14.49 15.14 15.10 10.61 52.86 64.35 107.01 143.73 200.98 588.15 1683.27 710.72 389.02 432.23 476.69 450.47 5480.68 261.030 5741.706
68 0.00 0.84 2.05 3.48 15.96 46.26 21.76 11.70 12.70 13.01 9.32 47.12 52.86 90.80 124.82 159.11 537.74 1338.96 579.11 328.23 350.16 384.27 337.86 4468.10 261.030 4729.133
69 0.00 1.02 2.32 10.64 37.85 14.96 8.91 10.26 10.91 8.03 41.37 47.12 74.58 105.91 138.18 425.71 1224.19 460.65 267.45 295.45 311.30 272.35 3769.16 261.030 4030.194
70 0.00 1.16 7.09 25.23 12.24 6.13 7.81 8.81 6.73 35.62 41.37 66.48 87.00 117.24 369.69 969.15 421.17 212.74 240.74 262.66 220.64 3119.72 261.030 3380.750
71 0.00 3.55 16.82 8.16 5.01 5.37 6.71 5.44 29.88 35.62 58.37 77.54 96.31 313.68 841.63 333.43 194.51 191.49 214.02 186.17 2623.71 261.030 2884.742
72 0.00 8.41 5.44 3.34 4.40 4.61 4.14 24.13 29.88 50.26 68.08 85.84 257.67 714.11 289.55 153.99 175.08 170.24 151.69 2200.88 261.030 2461.906
73 0.00 2.72 2.23 2.93 3.78 2.85 18.39 24.13 42.16 58.63 75.37 229.66 586.59 245.68 133.72 138.61 155.65 120.66 1843.75 261.030 2104.783
74 0.00 1.11 1.95 2.52 2.33 12.64 18.39 34.05 49.17 64.90 201.65 522.83 201.81 113.46 120.37 123.22 110.32 1580.73 261.030 1841.765
75 0.00 0.98 1.68 1.55 10.34 12.64 25.94 39.72 54.43 173.64 459.07 179.87 93.20 102.13 107.01 87.34 1349.55 261.030 1610.584
76 0.00 0.84 1.04 6.90 10.34 17.84 30.26 43.97 145.64 395.31 157.94 83.07 83.89 90.80 75.85 1143.67 261.030 1404.697
77 0.00 0.52 4.60 6.90 14.59 20.80 33.50 117.63 331.55 136.00 72.94 74.77 74.58 64.35 952.74 261.030 1213.769
78 0.00 2.30 4.60 9.73 17.02 23.03 89.62 267.79 114.07 62.81 65.66 66.48 52.86 775.96 261.030 1036.989
79 0.00 2.30 6.49 11.35 18.84 61.62 204.03 92.13 52.68 56.54 58.37 47.12 611.45 261.030 872.484
80 0.00 3.24 7.56 12.56 50.41 140.27 70.19 42.55 47.42 50.26 41.37 465.85 261.030 726.878
81 0.00 3.78 8.37 33.61 114.77 48.26 32.42 38.30 42.16 35.62 357.29 261.030 618.320
82 0.00 4.19 22.41 76.51 39.48 22.29 29.18 34.05 29.88 257.98 261.030 519.014
83 0.00 11.20 51.01 26.32 18.24 20.06 25.94 24.13 176.91 261.030 437.935
84 0.00 25.50 17.55 12.16 16.41 17.84 18.39 107.85 261.030 368.875
85 0.00 8.77 8.10 10.94 14.59 12.64 55.05 261.030 316.085
86 0.00 4.05 7.30 9.73 10.34 31.42 261.030 292.448
87 0.00 3.65 6.49 6.90 17.03 261.030 278.058
88 0.00 3.24 4.60 7.84 261.030 268.869
89 0.00 2.30 2.30 261.030 263.328
43694
ANNEXURE-VI-5
2 Day GRID VALUE PMP

Area SPS Values (mm)
(Sq. Km) LGD-4 MMF MND318-01 MMF INV-2 MMF INV-3 MMF
5000 610 1.17 616 1.23 589 1.17 547 1.23
7500 568 1.17 567 1.23 548 1.17 502 1.23
5220.6 606.29 1.17 611.68 1.23 585.38 1.17 543.03 1.23
PMS 709.36 752.36 684.90 667.93 703.64
2 Day DAD CURVE SPS 1 19.2

Area SPS 3 34.6
MMF PMS
(Sq. Km) Values 6 44.3
5000 518 1.23 637.14 9 52.8
7500 475 1.23 584.25 12 58.8
5220.6 514.21 1.23 610.70 15 64.8
Clock Hour Correction 1.15 18 69.8
24 78.8
Ist 12 hour Bell 475.7995 27 83.3
IInd 12 hour Bell 161.8366 30 87.8
IIIrd 12 hour Bell 133.5152 33 92.3
IVth 12 hour Bell 38.03159 36 95.3
39 96.8
42 98.3
45 99.5
48 100
Time
Duration(Hrs) Distributi
on (%)
1 19.2 32.65
2 26.0 44.22
3 34.6 58.84
4 38.0 64.63
5 41.3 70.24
6 44.3 75.34
7 47.0 79.93
8 49.7 84.52
9 52.8 89.80
10 54.8 93.20
11 56.8 96.60
12 58.8 100.00
ANNEXURE-VI-5
80.92 cm
1st 12-hr 47.58 cm

2nd 12-hr 16.18 cm
3rd 12-hr 13.35 cm
4th 12-hr 3.80 cm
Ist Bell, 2nd Bell,

cm cm
1 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 32.65 15.536 5.28 4.36 1.24
2 44.22 44.22 44.22 44.22 11.56 11.56 11.56 11.56 5.502 1.87 1.54 0.44
3 58.84 58.84 58.84 58.84 14.63 14.63 14.63 14.63 6.959 2.37 1.95 0.56
4 64.63 64.63 64.63 64.63 5.78 5.78 5.78 5.78 2.751 0.94 0.77 0.22
5 70.24 70.24 70.24 70.24 5.61 5.61 5.61 5.61 2.670 0.91 0.75 0.21
6 75.34 75.34 75.34 75.34 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 2.428 0.83 0.68 0.19
7 79.93 79.93 79.93 79.93 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 2.185 0.74 0.61 0.17
8 84.52 84.52 84.52 84.52 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 2.185 0.74 0.61 0.17
9 89.80 89.80 89.80 89.80 5.27 5.27 5.27 5.27 2.508 0.85 0.70 0.20
10 93.20 93.20 93.20 93.20 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1.618 0.55 0.45 0.13
11 96.60 96.60 96.60 96.60 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1.618 0.55 0.45 0.13
12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 1.618 0.55 0.45 0.13
100 100 100 100 47.58 16.18 13.35 3.80

U.G.
Time Critical Arrangement of rainfall increments in bells Critical 1Hr excessive Rainfall arrangement Critical 1Hr excessive Rainfall after reversing
Ordinate
1 550.0 0.13 0.45 0.55 1.62 0.000 0.254 0.350 1.418 0.000 0.254 0.350 1.418
2 652.0 0.17 0.61 0.74 2.18 0.000 0.413 0.543 1.985 0.000 0.254 0.350 1.418
3 978.0 0.19 0.68 0.83 2.43 0.000 0.481 0.626 2.228 0.000 0.413 0.543 1.985
4 1120.0 0.21 0.75 0.91 2.67 0.013 0.549 0.708 2.470 0.001 0.504 0.653 2.308
5 1250.0 0.44 1.54 1.87 5.50 0.240 1.344 1.672 5.302 0.020 0.572 0.736 2.551
6 1304.0 1.24 4.36 5.28 15.54 1.042 4.160 5.084 15.336 0.356 1.753 2.167 6.759
7 1250.0 0.56 1.95 2.37 6.96 0.356 1.753 2.167 6.759 1.042 4.160 5.084 15.336
8 1120.0 0.22 0.77 0.94 2.75 0.020 0.572 0.736 2.551 0.240 1.344 1.672 5.302
9 978.0 0.20 0.70 0.85 2.51 0.001 0.504 0.653 2.308 0.013 0.549 0.708 2.470
10 820.0 0.17 0.61 0.74 2.18 0.000 0.413 0.543 1.985 0.000 0.481 0.626 2.228
11 652.0 0.13 0.45 0.55 1.62 0.000 0.254 0.350 1.418 0.000 0.413 0.543 1.985
12 525.0 0.13 0.45 0.55 1.62 0.000 0.254 0.350 1.418 0.000 0.254 0.350 1.418
3.80 13.35 16.18 47.58 1.67 10.95 13.78 45.18 1.67 10.95 13.78 45.18
ANNEXURE-VI-5
Computation of PMF
Total Flow
UH DSRO Base Flow
(hr) 0 0 0 0.0005 0.01991 0.356244 1.04185 0.239821 0.01344 0 0 0 0.2541 0.25413 0.41308 0.50391 0.57203 1.75277 4.15968 1.34405 0.54932 0.4812 0.41308 0.25413 0.35046 0.35046 0.54313 0.65322 0.73579 2.167 5.08446 1.67158 0.70827 0.6257 0.54313 0.35046 1.41837 1.41837 1.985 2.308 2.551 6.759 15.336 5.302 2.470 2.228 1.985 1.418 Cumecs
ordinate
(Cumecs)
0 0.0 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
1 25.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
2 60.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
3 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 261.030 261.030
4 150.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 261.030 261.043
5 210.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.50 0.00 0.53 261.030 261.558
6 300.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 1.19 8.91 0.00 10.15 261.030 271.181
7 400.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 1.99 21.37 26.05 0.00 49.49 261.030 310.518
8 550.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 2.99 35.62 62.51 6.00 0.00 107.22 261.030 368.254
9 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 4.18 53.44 104.18 14.39 0.34 0.00 176.68 261.030 437.710
10 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 5.97 74.81 156.28 23.98 0.81 0.00 0.00 262.05 261.030 523.083
11 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 7.96 106.87 218.79 35.97 1.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 371.22 261.030 632.252
12 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 10.95 142.50 312.55 50.36 2.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 518.71 261.030 779.742
13 1304.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 12.98 195.93 416.74 71.95 2.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.35 0.00 707.27 261.030 968.303
14 1250.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 19.47 232.27 573.02 95.93 4.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.25 6.35 0.00 946.89 261.030 1207.920
15 1120.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 22.30 348.41 679.28 131.90 5.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.41 15.25 10.33 0.00 1238.89 261.030 1499.922
16 978.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66 24.89 398.99 1018.93 156.36 7.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.12 25.41 24.78 10.33 0.00 1705.87 261.030 1966.902
17 820.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 25.96 445.31 1166.87 234.55 8.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.37 38.12 41.31 24.78 14.30 0.00 2053.96 261.030 2314.993
18 652.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 24.89 464.54 1302.31 268.60 13.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.24 53.37 61.96 41.31 34.32 43.82 0.00 2385.07 261.030 2646.103
19 525.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 22.30 445.31 1358.57 299.78 15.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 101.65 76.24 86.75 61.96 57.20 105.17 103.99 0.00 2734.47 261.030 2995.495
20 392.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 19.47 398.99 1302.31 312.73 16.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 139.77 101.65 123.92 86.75 85.80 175.28 249.58 33.60 0.00 3047.08 261.030 3308.112
21 294.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 16.33 348.41 1166.87 299.78 17.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 165.69 139.77 165.23 123.92 120.13 262.92 415.97 80.64 13.73 0.00 3337.25 261.030 3598.278
22 237.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 12.98 292.12 1018.93 268.60 16.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 248.54 165.69 227.19 165.23 171.61 368.08 623.95 134.41 32.96 12.03 0.00 3759.40 261.030 4020.427
23 192.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 10.45 232.27 854.32 234.55 15.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 284.63 248.54 269.33 227.19 228.81 525.83 873.53 201.61 54.93 28.87 10.33 0.00 4300.45 261.030 4561.476
24 162.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 7.80 187.03 679.28 196.65 13.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 317.67 284.63 403.99 269.33 314.61 701.11 1247.90 282.25 82.40 48.12 24.78 6.35 0.00 5067.22 261.030 5328.247
25 132.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 5.85 139.65 546.97 156.36 11.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 331.39 317.67 462.65 403.99 372.96 964.02 1663.87 403.22 115.36 72.18 41.31 15.25 8.76 0.00 6032.60 261.030 6293.634
26 105.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 4.72 104.74 408.40 125.91 8.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 317.67 331.39 516.35 462.65 559.44 1142.81 2287.82 537.62 164.80 101.05 61.96 25.41 21.03 8.76 0.00 7191.39 261.030 7452.419
27 96.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 3.82 84.43 306.30 94.01 7.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 284.63 317.67 538.66 516.35 640.67 1714.21 2712.11 739.23 219.73 144.36 86.75 38.12 35.05 21.03 13.58 0.00 8517.83 261.030 8778.864
28 76.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 3.23 68.40 246.92 70.51 5.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 248.54 284.63 516.35 538.66 715.03 1963.11 4068.17 876.32 302.13 192.48 123.92 53.37 52.57 35.05 32.59 16.33 0.00 10413.62 261.030 10674.652
29 66.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.63 57.71 200.03 56.84 3.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 208.39 248.54 462.65 516.35 745.92 2190.97 4658.84 1314.48 358.16 264.66 165.23 76.24 73.60 52.57 54.31 39.19 18.39 0.00 11769.72 261.030 12030.746
30 56.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.09 47.02 168.78 46.05 3.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 165.69 208.39 403.99 462.65 715.03 2285.62 5199.60 1505.34 537.23 313.74 227.19 101.65 105.14 73.60 81.47 65.32 44.15 54.17 0.00 12817.16 261.030 13078.190
31 46.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 1.91 37.41 137.52 38.85 2.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 133.42 165.69 338.73 403.99 640.67 2190.97 5424.22 1680.07 615.24 470.61 269.33 139.77 140.19 105.14 114.06 97.98 73.58 130.02 127.11 0.00 13479.09 261.030 13740.124
32 41.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 1.51 34.20 109.39 31.66 2.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.62 133.42 269.33 338.73 559.44 1963.11 5199.60 1752.64 686.65 538.94 403.99 165.69 192.76 140.19 162.94 137.18 110.37 216.70 305.07 41.79 0.00 13597.12 261.030 13858.149
33 36.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 1.31 27.07 100.02 25.18 1.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 74.72 99.62 216.87 269.33 469.06 1714.21 4658.84 1680.07 716.31 601.50 462.65 248.54 228.50 192.76 217.25 195.97 154.52 325.05 508.45 100.29 17.71 0.00 13307.59 261.030 13568.622
34 31.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.11 23.51 79.18 23.02 1.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.23 74.72 161.93 216.87 372.96 1437.27 4068.17 1505.34 686.65 627.48 516.35 284.63 342.75 228.50 298.72 261.29 220.74 455.07 762.67 167.16 42.50 15.64 0.00 12935.89 261.030 13196.923
35 26.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.92 19.95 68.76 18.23 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.79 60.23 121.45 161.93 300.31 1142.81 3410.94 1314.48 615.24 601.50 538.66 317.67 392.52 342.75 354.12 359.27 294.32 650.10 1067.74 250.74 70.83 37.54 13.58 0.00 12576.66 261.030 12837.692
36 21.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.82 16.39 58.34 15.83 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.17 48.79 97.90 121.45 224.23 920.21 2712.11 1102.12 537.23 538.94 516.35 331.39 438.08 392.52 531.18 425.90 404.68 866.80 1525.34 351.03 106.24 62.57 32.59 8.76 0.00 12430.00 261.030 12691.035
37 16.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.72 14.61 47.92 13.43 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.55 41.17 79.31 97.90 168.18 687.09 2183.83 876.32 450.44 470.61 462.65 317.67 457.01 438.08 608.30 638.85 479.73 1191.85 2033.78 501.47 148.74 93.85 54.31 21.03 35.46 0.00 12648.76 261.030 12909.793
38 11.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.62 12.82 42.72 11.03 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.68 33.55 66.92 79.31 135.57 515.32 1630.59 705.63 358.16 394.58 403.99 284.63 438.08 457.01 678.91 731.61 719.60 1412.88 2796.45 668.63 212.48 131.40 81.47 35.05 85.10 35.46 0.00 13187.01 261.030 13448.036
39 9.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.52 11.04 37.51 9.83 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.40 26.68 54.53 66.92 109.83 415.41 1222.95 526.87 288.39 313.74 338.73 248.54 392.52 438.08 708.24 816.52 824.08 2119.32 3315.07 919.37 283.31 187.71 114.06 52.57 141.84 85.10 49.62 0.00 14143.92 261.030 14404.946
40 6.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.42 9.26 32.30 8.63 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.31 24.40 43.37 54.53 92.67 336.53 985.84 395.15 215.33 252.63 269.33 208.39 342.75 392.52 678.91 851.80 919.74 2427.04 4972.60 1089.87 389.55 250.28 162.94 73.60 212.75 141.84 119.09 57.71 0.00 16031.64 261.030 16292.665
41 4.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.32 7.48 27.09 7.43 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.77 19.31 39.66 43.37 75.51 283.95 798.66 318.54 161.50 188.63 216.87 165.69 287.38 342.75 608.30 816.52 959.47 2708.75 5694.59 1634.80 461.79 344.13 217.25 105.14 297.86 212.75 198.48 138.51 63.78 0.00 17463.54 261.030 17724.574
42 2.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 5.70 21.88 6.24 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.23 16.77 31.39 39.66 60.06 231.37 673.87 258.06 130.19 141.47 161.93 133.42 228.50 287.38 531.18 731.61 919.74 2825.76 6355.57 1872.17 692.68 407.95 298.72 140.19 425.51 297.86 297.72 230.85 153.07 168.97 0.00 18792.31 261.030 19053.338
43 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 3.92 16.67 5.04 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.69 14.23 27.26 31.39 54.91 184.04 549.08 217.74 105.47 114.04 121.45 99.62 183.99 228.50 445.36 638.85 824.08 2708.75 6630.13 2089.47 793.26 611.93 354.12 192.76 567.35 425.51 416.81 346.27 255.12 405.54 383.41 0.00 20058.30 261.030 20319.328
44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 3.21 11.46 3.84 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.42 11.69 23.13 27.26 43.47 168.27 436.77 177.41 88.99 92.39 97.90 74.72 137.38 183.99 354.12 535.64 719.60 2427.04 6355.57 2179.74 885.33 700.78 531.18 228.50 780.10 567.35 595.44 484.78 382.68 675.90 920.18 132.56 0.00 21049.19 261.030 21310.224
45 0.00 0.00 0.08 2.14 9.38 2.64 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.15 10.42 19.00 23.13 37.75 133.21 399.33 141.13 72.51 77.95 79.31 60.23 103.04 137.38 285.14 425.90 603.35 2119.32 5694.59 2089.47 923.58 782.12 608.30 342.75 924.77 780.10 793.92 692.54 535.76 1013.85 1533.63 318.15 61.76 0.00 21847.00 261.030 22108.030
46 0.00 0.04 1.42 6.25 2.16 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.88 9.15 16.94 19.00 32.03 115.68 316.14 129.03 57.68 63.52 66.92 48.79 83.06 103.04 212.91 342.94 479.73 1776.94 4972.60 1872.17 885.33 815.91 678.91 392.52 1387.16 924.77 1091.64 923.39 765.37 1419.38 2300.45 530.24 148.22 55.69 0.00 23055.14 261.030 23316.169
47 0.00 0.71 4.17 1.44 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.61 7.88 14.87 16.94 26.31 98.16 274.54 102.15 52.73 50.53 54.53 41.17 67.29 83.06 159.68 256.06 386.29 1412.88 4169.26 1634.80 793.26 782.12 708.24 438.08 1588.57 1387.16 1294.09 1269.66 1020.49 2027.69 3220.62 795.37 247.03 133.65 49.62 0.00 24677.81 261.030 24938.842
48 0.00 2.08 0.96 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.34 6.61 12.81 14.87 23.45 80.63 232.94 88.71 41.75 46.20 43.37 33.55 56.78 67.29 128.72 192.05 288.43 1137.67 3315.07 1370.69 692.68 700.78 678.91 457.01 1772.96 1588.57 1941.13 1505.12 1403.17 2703.59 4600.89 1113.51 370.55 222.75 119.09 35.46 27096.20 261.030 27357.231
49 0.00 0.48 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.07 5.34 10.74 12.81 20.59 71.86 191.35 75.27 36.26 36.57 39.66 26.68 46.26 56.78 104.28 154.81 216.32 849.46 2669.34 1089.87 580.78 611.93 608.30 438.08 1849.55 1772.96 2222.97 2257.68 1663.40 3717.43 6134.52 1590.73 518.76 334.13 198.48 85.10 30303.65 261.030 30564.683
50 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.80 4.07 8.67 10.74 17.73 63.10 170.55 61.83 30.76 31.76 31.39 24.40 36.80 46.26 87.99 125.42 174.38 637.10 1993.11 877.58 461.79 513.07 531.18 392.52 1772.96 1849.55 2480.99 2585.48 2495.09 4406.85 8434.97 2120.98 741.09 467.79 297.72 141.84 34130.31 261.030 34391.344
51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.29 2.80 6.61 8.67 14.87 54.34 149.75 55.11 25.27 26.95 27.26 19.31 33.64 36.80 71.69 105.82 141.27 513.58 1494.83 655.26 371.84 407.95 445.36 342.75 1588.57 1772.96 2588.17 2885.58 2857.37 6610.27 9999.27 2916.34 988.12 668.26 416.81 212.75 38518.52 261.030 38779.549
52 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.52 2.29 4.54 6.61 12.01 45.57 128.95 48.39 22.52 22.14 23.13 16.77 26.64 33.64 57.03 86.23 119.20 416.06 1205.02 491.44 277.64 328.49 354.12 287.38 1387.16 1588.57 2480.99 3010.24 3189.03 7570.05 14998.91 3457.19 1358.67 891.02 595.44 297.86 44842.46 261.030 45103.486
53 0.00 0.00 1.02 1.52 3.72 4.54 9.15 36.81 108.15 41.67 19.78 19.73 19.00 14.23 23.13 26.64 52.14 68.59 97.12 351.05 976.22 396.16 208.23 245.27 285.14 228.50 1163.06 1387.16 2222.97 2885.58 3326.79 8448.71 17176.67 5185.79 1610.64 1225.15 793.92 425.51 49089.47 261.030 49350.500
54 0.00 0.51 1.02 2.48 3.72 6.29 28.04 87.35 34.95 17.03 17.32 16.94 11.69 19.63 23.13 41.28 62.71 77.26 286.04 823.68 320.94 167.86 183.95 212.91 183.99 924.77 1163.06 1941.13 2585.48 3189.03 8813.70 19170.39 5938.74 2415.96 1452.36 1091.64 567.35 51884.31 261.030 52145.341
55 0.00 0.51 1.65 2.48 5.15 19.28 66.55 28.23 14.28 14.92 14.87 10.42 16.12 19.63 35.85 49.64 70.64 227.53 671.15 270.80 135.99 148.29 159.68 137.38 744.64 924.77 1627.53 2257.68 2857.37 8448.71 19998.55 6628.05 2766.74 2178.54 1294.09 780.10 52627.81 261.030 52888.837
56 0.00 0.83 1.65 3.43 15.77 45.76 21.50 11.54 12.51 12.81 9.15 14.37 16.12 30.42 43.11 55.92 208.03 533.87 220.65 114.74 120.13 128.72 103.04 556.00 744.64 1294.09 1892.94 2495.09 7570.05 19170.39 6914.39 3087.88 2494.85 1941.13 924.77 50810.28 261.030 51071.31
57 0.00 0.83 2.29 10.52 37.44 14.78 8.79 10.11 10.74 7.88 12.62 14.37 24.98 36.58 48.56 164.69 488.11 175.52 93.49 101.36 104.28 83.06 417.00 556.00 1042.02 1505.12 2092.00 6610.27 17176.67 6628.05 3221.28 2784.44 2222.97 1387.16 47093.96 261.030 47354.989
58 0.00 1.14 7.01 24.96 12.10 6.04 7.70 8.67 6.61 10.86 12.62 22.27 30.05 41.20 143.02 386.42 160.47 74.37 82.59 87.99 67.29 336.15 417.00 778.04 1211.94 1663.40 5542.36 14998.91 5938.74 3087.88 2904.72 2480.99 1588.57 42142.08 261.030 42403.111
59 0.00 3.51 16.64 8.06 4.94 5.29 6.61 5.34 9.11 10.86 19.55 26.78 33.85 121.35 335.57 127.04 67.99 65.70 71.69 56.78 272.33 336.15 583.53 904.92 1339.39 4406.85 12575.77 5185.79 2766.74 2784.44 2588.17 1772.96 36513.71 261.030 36774.737
60 0.00 8.32 5.38 3.30 4.33 4.54 4.07 7.36 9.11 16.84 23.52 30.17 99.68 284.73 110.32 53.83 60.07 57.03 46.26 229.78 272.33 470.40 678.69 1000.08 3548.46 9999.27 4348.00 2415.96 2494.85 2480.99 1849.55 30617.20 261.030 30878.228
61 0.00 2.69 2.20 2.89 3.72 2.80 5.61 7.36 14.12 20.25 26.49 88.85 233.89 93.61 46.75 47.55 52.14 36.80 187.22 229.78 381.08 547.11 750.06 2649.52 8051.56 3457.19 2025.65 2178.54 2222.97 1772.96 25141.32 261.030 25402.354
62 0.00 1.10 1.92 2.48 2.29 3.86 5.61 11.41 16.98 22.81 78.01 208.46 76.89 39.66 41.30 41.28 33.64 148.93 187.22 321.54 443.23 604.64 1987.14 6011.83 2783.78 1610.64 1826.59 1941.13 1588.57 20042.93 261.030 20303.961
63 0.00 0.96 1.65 1.52 3.15 3.86 8.69 13.72 19.13 67.18 183.04 68.53 32.58 35.04 35.85 26.64 136.16 148.93 261.99 373.97 489.83 1601.88 4508.87 2078.56 1296.91 1452.36 1627.53 1387.16 15865.70 261.030 16126.732
64 0.00 0.83 1.02 2.10 3.15 5.97 10.45 15.45 56.34 157.62 60.18 29.04 28.78 30.42 23.13 107.80 136.16 208.40 304.72 413.30 1297.72 3634.71 1558.92 968.36 1169.46 1294.09 1163.06 12681.17 261.030 12942.201
65 0.00 0.51 1.40 2.10 4.89 7.19 11.77 45.51 132.20 51.82 25.50 25.65 24.98 19.63 93.61 107.80 190.54 242.39 336.76 1094.95 2944.57 1256.68 726.27 873.20 1042.02 924.77 10186.70 261.030 10447.733
66 0.00 0.70 1.40 3.26 5.88 8.09 34.67 106.77 43.46 21.96 22.53 22.27 16.12 79.43 93.61 150.84 221.61 267.88 892.18 2484.48 1018.07 585.46 654.90 778.04 744.64 8258.26 261.030 8519.295
67 0.00 0.70 2.17 3.92 6.62 23.84 81.35 35.10 18.41 19.40 19.55 14.37 65.24 79.43 131.00 175.44 244.92 709.69 2024.39 859.00 474.30 527.93 583.53 556.00 6656.31 261.030 6917.336
68 0.00 1.09 2.61 4.41 19.50 55.93 26.75 14.87 16.27 16.84 12.62 58.15 65.24 111.15 152.36 193.89 648.86 1610.31 699.92 400.19 427.69 470.40 417.00 5426.05 261.030 5687.084
69 0.00 1.31 2.94 13.00 45.76 18.39 11.33 13.14 14.12 10.86 51.06 58.15 91.30 129.27 168.38 513.68 1472.29 556.76 326.08 360.86 381.08 336.15 4575.93 261.030 4836.956
70 0.00 1.47 8.67 30.51 15.04 7.79 10.01 11.41 9.11 43.97 51.06 81.38 106.19 142.87 446.09 1165.56 509.03 259.38 294.04 321.54 272.33 3787.44 261.030 4048.472
71 0.00 4.33 20.34 10.03 6.37 6.88 8.69 7.36 36.88 43.97 71.45 94.65 117.36 378.50 1012.20 402.99 237.15 233.89 261.99 229.78 3184.80 261.030 3445.835
72 0.00 10.17 6.69 4.25 5.63 5.97 5.61 29.79 36.88 61.53 83.10 104.60 310.91 858.83 349.96 187.74 213.84 208.40 187.22 2671.14 261.030 2932.167
73 0.00 3.34 2.83 3.75 4.89 3.86 22.69 29.79 51.60 71.56 91.84 277.12 705.47 296.94 163.04 169.29 190.54 148.93 2237.49 261.030 2498.521
74 0.00 1.42 2.50 3.26 3.15 15.60 22.69 41.68 60.02 79.09 243.32 628.79 243.91 138.34 147.02 150.84 136.16 1917.80 261.030 2178.833
75 0.00 1.25 2.17 2.10 12.77 15.60 31.76 48.48 66.33 209.53 552.11 217.40 113.63 124.74 131.00 107.80 1636.66 261.030 1897.694
76 0.00 1.09 1.40 8.51 12.77 21.83 36.94 53.58 175.73 475.43 190.89 101.28 102.47 111.15 93.61 1386.66 261.030 1647.694
77 0.00 0.70 5.67 8.51 17.86 25.39 40.82 141.94 398.74 164.38 88.93 91.33 91.30 79.43 1155.01 261.030 1416.038
78 0.00 2.84 5.67 11.91 20.78 28.06 108.14 322.06 137.86 76.58 80.19 81.38 65.24 940.72 261.030 1201.751
79 0.00 2.84 7.94 13.85 22.96 74.35 245.38 111.35 64.23 69.05 71.45 58.15 741.56 261.030 1002.586
80 0.00 3.97 9.23 15.31 60.83 168.70 84.84 51.88 57.92 61.53 51.06 565.26 261.030 826.292
81 0.00 4.62 10.20 40.55 138.03 58.33 39.52 46.78 51.60 43.97 433.61 261.030 694.637
82 0.00 5.10 27.04 92.02 47.72 27.17 35.64 41.68 36.88 313.25 261.030 574.280
83 0.00 13.52 61.35 31.81 22.23 24.50 31.76 29.79 214.96 261.030 475.986
84 0.00 30.67 21.21 14.82 20.05 21.83 22.69 131.28 261.030 392.309
85 0.00 10.60 9.88 13.37 17.86 15.60 67.32 261.030 328.347
86 0.00 4.94 8.91 11.91 12.77 38.52 261.030 299.555
87 0.00 4.46 7.94 8.51 20.90 261.030 281.934
88 0.00 3.97 5.67 9.64 261.030 270.673
89 0.00 2.84 2.84 261.030 263.867
52889
ANNEXURE-VI-6
Table -1
Sedimentation study for Guntawada Reservoir
Gross Capacity of Reservoir (C) upto FRL 739.92 MCM
Average Annual Inflow (I) 79.71 MCM

Average Sediment Inflow rate(R ) 0.378 ham/sqkm/yr
Sediment Contributing Catchment Area (A) 278.6 sq. km
FRL of the Reservoir 426.72 m
Reservoir Existing Bed Level 396.24 m

Capacity Inflow Ratio (C/I ) 9.283
Average Annual Sediment Inflow Volume 2.921 MCM
Annual Sediment Volume and Capacity Ratio 0.39%
Trap Efficiency 99.00%
Sediment Deposit in 25 yrs 72.30 MCM

Sediment New Zero

Years Deposited Elevation
(MCM) (m)
25 72.30 410.40
50 144.60 410.84
70 202.44 411.20
100 289.20 412.00
ANNEXURE-VI-6
1.9
Fig.1: Reservoir Type Classification
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
y = 0.7386x - 1.0005
1.3 R² = 0.9609
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
Log (Depth)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Log (Capacity)
Reservoir Level (m) 396.24 to 457.20
Reciprocal of Slope 1.35
Reservoir type Type-IV (Gorge)

ANNEXURE-VI-6
Table-2.1
Sediment Deposition ( Empeirical Area Reduction Method)
( for 100 years)
Stream Bed Elevation 396.2 m K= 1166.41
Maximum noraml water surface elevation 426.7 m
Total Sediment 289.20 MCM
Acc. Acc.
S. Original Realtive Sediment Sediment Revised
Elevation Original Area Depth Ap Type-II Sediment sediment Revised Area
No. Capacity depth Area Volume Capacity
Volume Volume
(m) (ha) (Mm3) (m) (ha) (ham) (ham) (MCM) (ha) (Mm3)
1 457.20 21789.59 4972.44 60.96 1.0000 0.0000 0.000 6.320 28920.000 289.20 21789.59 4683.24
2 455.68 20940.07 4658.12 59.44 0.9750 0.0107 12.441 32.512 28913.680 289.14 20927.63 4368.99
3 454.15 20090.55 4345.79 57.91 0.9500 0.0272 31.700 65.215 28881.168 288.81 20058.85 4056.98
4 452.63 19241.04 4046.19 56.39 0.9250 0.0471 54.943 103.193 28815.953 288.16 19186.09 3758.04
5 451.10 18391.52 3759.35 54.86 0.9000 0.0697 81.341 145.591 28712.760 287.13 18310.18 3472.22
6 449.58 17542.00 3485.52 53.34 0.8750 0.0947 110.465 191.921 28567.169 285.67 17431.54 3199.85
7 448.06 16692.49 3225.01 51.82 0.8500 0.1218 142.061 241.876 28375.247 283.75 16550.42 2941.25
8 446.53 15842.97 2976.95 50.29 0.8250 0.1509 175.965 295.254 28133.372 281.33 15667.00 2695.62
9 445.01 14993.45 2741.92 48.77 0.8000 0.1818 212.068 351.925 27838.118 278.38 14781.38 2463.54
10 443.48 14143.94 2519.92 47.24 0.7750 0.2146 250.304 411.810 27486.192 274.86 13893.63 2245.05
11 441.96 13294.42 2285.45 45.72 0.7500 0.2492 290.631 474.867 27074.382 270.74 13003.79 2014.71
12 440.44 12697.68 2115.55 44.20 0.7250 0.2855 333.035 541.086 26599.515 266.00 12364.65 1849.56
13 438.91 12100.69 1923.85 42.67 0.7000 0.3237 377.517 610.486 26058.429 260.58 11723.18 1663.26
14 437.39 11503.96 1743.75 41.15 0.6750 0.3636 424.098 683.111 25447.942 254.48 11079.86 1489.27
15 435.86 10906.97 1573.28 39.62 0.6500 0.4054 472.815 759.030 24764.831 247.65 10434.15 1325.64
16 434.34 10310.23 1411.88 38.10 0.6250 0.4490 523.721 838.337 24005.801 240.06 9786.51 1171.82
17 432.82 9713.24 1264.91 36.58 0.6000 0.4946 576.887 921.154 23167.464 231.67 9136.35 1033.24
18 431.29 9116.51 1115.68 35.05 0.5750 0.5422 632.401 1007.629 22246.310 222.46 8484.10 893.22
19 429.77 8519.51 981.46 33.53 0.5500 0.5919 690.371 1097.946 21238.680 212.39 7829.14 769.08
20 428.24 7922.78 856.02 32.00 0.5250 0.6438 750.927 1192.323 20140.734 201.41 7171.85 654.61
21 426.72 7325.79 739.92 30.48 0.5000 0.6981 814.227 1291.021 18948.412 189.48 6511.56 550.44
22 425.20 6736.05 632.60 28.96 0.4750 0.7548 880.458 1394.354 17657.391 176.57 5855.59 456.02
23 423.67 6146.31 506.02 27.43 0.4500 0.8143 949.842 1502.695 16263.037 162.63 5196.46 343.39
24 422.15 5556.56 445.14 25.91 0.4250 0.8768 1022.648 1616.496 14760.342 147.603 4533.92 297.54
25 420.62 4966.82 365.00 24.38 0.4000 0.9424 1099.198 1736.299 13143.846 131.438 3867.63 233.57
26 419.10 4377.08 293.65 22.86 0.3750 1.0116 1179.885 1862.768 11407.547 114.075 3197.20 179.57
27 417.58 3787.34 231.63 21.34 0.3500 1.0847 1265.188 1996.722 9544.779 95.448 2522.15 136.18
28 416.05 3197.60 178.40 19.81 0.3250 1.1623 1355.703 2139.183 7548.057 75.481 1841.90 102.92
29 414.53 2607.86 134.22 18.29 0.3000 1.2450 1452.176 2291.447 5408.874 54.089 1155.68 80.13
30 413.00 2018.12 98.83 16.76 0.2750 1.3336 1555.565 1601.734 3117.427 31.174 462.56 67.65
32 412.00 1628.21 81.44 15.76 0.2585 1.3959 1628.211 790.471 1515.693 15.157 0.000 66.281
31 411.48 1427.60 72.49 15.24 0.2500 1.4293 1427.602 725.222 725.222 7.252 0.00 65.24
33 409.96 0.00 50.97 13.72 0.2250 1.5333 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 50.97
34 408.43 0.00 35.40 12.19 0.2000 1.6478 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 35.40
35 406.91 0.00 28.03 10.67 0.1750 1.7754 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 28.03
36 402.34 0.00 15.57 6.10 0.1000 2.2946 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 15.57
37 396.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0000 #DIV/0! 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00
ANNEXURE-VI-6
Original & Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve for 100 Years

(Guntawada Reservoir)
Area (ha)
30000.0 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 5000.0 0.0
500 500
RevisedArea
Revised Capacity
450 450
400 400
Original Capacity
Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)
Original Area
350 350
300 300
250 250
200 200
Capacity (MCM)
ANNEXURE-VI-6
Table-2.1
( for 70 years)
Acc. Acc.
Volume Volume
1 457.20 21789.59 4972.44 60.96 1.0000 0.0000 0.000 4.347 20244.000 202.44 21789.59 4770.00
2 455.68 20940.07 4658.12 59.44 0.9750 0.0107 8.557 22.362 20239.653 202.40 20931.51 4455.73
3 454.15 20090.55 4345.79 57.91 0.9500 0.0272 21.804 44.856 20217.291 202.17 20068.75 4143.61
4 452.63 19241.04 4046.19 56.39 0.9250 0.0471 37.791 70.978 20172.435 201.72 19203.24 3844.47
5 451.10 18391.52 3759.35 54.86 0.9000 0.0697 55.947 100.140 20101.457 201.01 18335.57 3558.33
6 449.58 17542.00 3485.52 53.34 0.8750 0.0947 75.980 132.007 20001.317 200.01 17466.02 3285.51
7 448.06 16692.49 3225.01 51.82 0.8500 0.1218 97.712 166.366 19869.310 198.69 16594.77 3026.31
8 446.53 15842.97 2976.95 50.29 0.8250 0.1509 121.031 203.080 19702.944 197.03 15721.94 2779.92
9 445.01 14993.45 2741.92 48.77 0.8000 0.1818 145.864 242.060 19499.864 195.00 14847.59 2546.92
10 443.48 14143.94 2519.92 47.24 0.7750 0.2146 172.163 283.250 19257.804 192.58 13971.77 2327.34
11 441.96 13294.42 2285.45 45.72 0.7500 0.2492 199.901 326.621 18974.554 189.75 13094.52 2095.71
12 440.44 12697.68 2115.55 44.20 0.7250 0.2855 229.067 372.168 18647.933 186.48 12468.62 1929.07
13 438.91 12100.69 1923.85 42.67 0.7000 0.3237 259.662 419.902 18275.765 182.76 11841.03 1741.09
14 437.39 11503.96 1743.75 41.15 0.6750 0.3636 291.701 469.855 17855.863 178.56 11212.26 1565.19
15 435.86 10906.97 1573.28 39.62 0.6500 0.4054 325.210 522.073 17386.008 173.86 10581.76 1399.42
16 434.34 10310.23 1411.88 38.10 0.6250 0.4490 360.224 576.622 16863.935 168.64 9950.01 1243.24
17 432.82 9713.24 1264.91 36.58 0.6000 0.4946 396.792 633.584 16287.313 162.87 9316.45 1102.04
18 431.29 9116.51 1115.68 35.05 0.5750 0.5422 434.976 693.064 15653.728 156.54 8681.53 959.15
19 429.77 8519.51 981.46 33.53 0.5500 0.5919 474.848 755.185 14960.665 149.61 8044.66 831.86
20 428.24 7922.78 856.02 32.00 0.5250 0.6438 516.500 820.099 14205.480 142.05 7406.28 713.96
21 426.72 7325.79 739.92 30.48 0.5000 0.6981 560.039 887.985 13385.381 133.85 6765.75 606.07
22 425.20 6736.05 632.60 28.96 0.4750 0.7548 605.593 959.059 12497.396 124.97 6130.45 507.62
23 423.67 6146.31 506.02 27.43 0.4500 0.8143 653.316 1033.578 11538.337 115.38 5492.99 390.64
24 422.15 5556.56 445.14 25.91 0.4250 0.8768 703.394 1111.852 10504.759 105.048 4853.17 340.09
25 420.62 4966.82 365.00 24.38 0.4000 0.9424 756.046 1194.254 9392.907 93.929 4210.78 271.08
26 419.10 4377.08 293.65 22.86 0.3750 1.0116 811.544 1281.242 8198.653 81.987 3565.54 211.66
27 417.58 3787.34 231.63 21.34 0.3500 1.0847 870.217 1373.378 6917.411 69.174 2917.13 162.46
28 416.05 3197.60 178.40 19.81 0.3250 1.1623 932.474 1471.365 5544.033 55.440 2265.13 122.96
29 414.53 2607.86 134.22 18.29 0.3000 1.2450 998.830 1576.094 4072.669 40.727 1609.03 93.50
30 413.00 2018.12 98.83 16.76 0.2750 1.3336 1069.942 1688.720 2496.574 24.966 948.18 73.86
31 411.48 1427.60 72.49 15.24 0.2500 1.4293 1146.668 327.657 807.854 8.079 280.93 64.41
32 411.20 1161.67 68.48 14.96 0.2453 1.4480 1161.667 480.198 480.198 4.802 0.000 63.680
33 409.96 0.00 50.97 13.72 0.2250 1.5333 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 50.97
34 408.43 0.00 35.40 12.19 0.2000 1.6478 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 35.40
35 406.91 0.00 28.03 10.67 0.1750 1.7754 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 28.03
36 402.34 0.00 15.57 6.10 0.1000 2.2946 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 15.57
37 396.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0000 #DIV/0! 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00
ANNEXURE-VI-6

Area (ha)
30000.0 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 5000.0 0.0
500 500
RevisedArea
Revised Capacity
450 450
400 400
Original Capacity
Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)
Original Area
350 350
300 300
250 250
200 200
Capacity (MCM)
ANNEXURE-VI-6
Table-2.1
( for 50 years)
Acc. Acc.
Volume Volume
1 457.20 21789.59 4972.44 60.96 1.0000 0.0000 0.000 3.062 14460.000 144.60 21789.59 4827.84
2 455.68 20940.07 4658.12 59.44 0.9750 0.0107 6.028 15.754 14456.938 144.57 20934.04 4513.55
3 454.15 20090.55 4345.79 57.91 0.9500 0.0272 15.360 31.600 14441.184 144.41 20075.19 4201.38
4 452.63 19241.04 4046.19 56.39 0.9250 0.0471 26.623 50.002 14409.583 144.10 19214.41 3902.10
5 451.10 18391.52 3759.35 54.86 0.9000 0.0697 39.414 70.547 14359.581 143.60 18352.11 3615.75
6 449.58 17542.00 3485.52 53.34 0.8750 0.0947 53.526 92.996 14289.034 142.89 17488.48 3342.63
7 448.06 16692.49 3225.01 51.82 0.8500 0.1218 68.836 117.202 14196.038 141.96 16623.65 3083.05
8 446.53 15842.97 2976.95 50.29 0.8250 0.1509 85.264 143.066 14078.837 140.79 15757.70 2836.16
9 445.01 14993.45 2741.92 48.77 0.8000 0.1818 102.758 170.527 13935.770 139.36 14890.69 2602.56
10 443.48 14143.94 2519.92 47.24 0.7750 0.2146 121.286 199.544 13765.244 137.65 14022.65 2382.26
11 441.96 13294.42 2285.45 45.72 0.7500 0.2492 140.826 230.098 13565.700 135.66 13153.59 2149.80
12 440.44 12697.68 2115.55 44.20 0.7250 0.2855 161.373 262.185 13335.601 133.36 12536.31 1982.20
13 438.91 12100.69 1923.85 42.67 0.7000 0.3237 182.927 295.813 13073.416 130.73 11917.77 1793.11
14 437.39 11503.96 1743.75 41.15 0.6750 0.3636 205.498 331.004 12777.603 127.78 11298.46 1615.98
15 435.86 10906.97 1573.28 39.62 0.6500 0.4054 229.104 367.791 12446.599 124.47 10677.86 1448.82
16 434.34 10310.23 1411.88 38.10 0.6250 0.4490 253.771 406.219 12078.808 120.79 10056.46 1291.09
17 432.82 9713.24 1264.91 36.58 0.6000 0.4946 279.533 446.348 11672.589 116.73 9433.71 1148.19
18 431.29 9116.51 1115.68 35.05 0.5750 0.5422 306.432 488.250 11226.241 112.26 8810.07 1003.42
19 429.77 8519.51 981.46 33.53 0.5500 0.5919 334.522 532.013 10737.991 107.38 8184.99 874.08
20 428.24 7922.78 856.02 32.00 0.5250 0.6438 363.864 577.744 10205.977 102.06 7558.91 753.96
21 426.72 7325.79 739.92 30.48 0.5000 0.6981 394.537 625.569 9628.233 96.28 6931.25 643.64
22 425.20 6736.05 632.60 28.96 0.4750 0.7548 426.629 675.639 9002.665 90.03 6309.42 542.57
23 423.67 6146.31 506.02 27.43 0.4500 0.8143 460.249 728.136 8327.026 83.27 5686.06 422.75
24 422.15 5556.56 445.14 25.91 0.4250 0.8768 495.527 783.278 7598.890 75.989 5061.04 369.15
25 420.62 4966.82 365.00 24.38 0.4000 0.9424 532.620 841.329 6815.611 68.156 4434.20 296.85
26 419.10 4377.08 293.65 22.86 0.3750 1.0116 571.717 902.611 5974.282 59.743 3805.37 233.90
27 417.58 3787.34 231.63 21.34 0.3500 1.0847 613.051 967.519 5071.671 50.717 3174.29 180.92
28 416.05 3197.60 178.40 19.81 0.3250 1.1623 656.910 1036.548 4104.153 41.042 2540.69 137.35
29 414.53 2607.86 134.22 18.29 0.3000 1.2450 703.657 1110.329 3067.604 30.676 1904.20 103.55
30 413.00 2018.12 98.83 16.76 0.2750 1.3336 753.754 1189.671 1957.276 19.573 1264.37 79.25
31 411.48 1427.60 72.49 15.24 0.2500 1.4293 807.806 521.448 767.604 7.676 619.80 64.82
32 410.84 831.72 63.51 14.60 0.2396 1.4716 831.720 246.156 246.156 2.462 0.000 61.047
33 409.96 0.00 50.97 13.72 0.2250 1.5333 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 50.97
34 408.43 0.00 35.40 12.19 0.2000 1.6478 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 35.40
35 406.91 0.00 28.03 10.67 0.1750 1.7754 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 28.03
36 402.34 0.00 15.57 6.10 0.1000 2.2946 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 15.57
37 396.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0000 #DIV/0! 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00
ANNEXURE-VI-6

Area (ha)
30000.0 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 5000.0 0.0
500 500
RevisedArea
Revised Capacity
450 450
400 400
Original Capacity
Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)
Original Area
350 350
300 300
250 250
200 200
Capacity (MCM)
ANNEXURE-VI-6
Table-2.1
( for 25 years)
Acc. Acc.
Volume Volume
1 457.20 21789.59 4972.44 60.96 1.0000 0.0000 0.000 1.505 7230.000 72.30 21789.59 4900.14
2 455.68 20940.07 4658.12 59.44 0.9750 0.0107 2.963 7.742 7228.495 72.28 20937.11 4585.84
3 454.15 20090.55 4345.79 57.91 0.9500 0.0272 7.549 15.530 7220.753 72.21 20083.00 4273.58
4 452.63 19241.04 4046.19 56.39 0.9250 0.0471 13.084 24.573 7205.223 72.05 19227.95 3974.14
5 451.10 18391.52 3759.35 54.86 0.9000 0.0697 19.370 34.670 7180.650 71.81 18372.15 3687.54
6 449.58 17542.00 3485.52 53.34 0.8750 0.0947 26.305 45.702 7145.980 71.46 17515.70 3414.06
7 448.06 16692.49 3225.01 51.82 0.8500 0.1218 33.829 57.598 7100.278 71.00 16658.66 3154.00
8 446.53 15842.97 2976.95 50.29 0.8250 0.1509 41.902 70.309 7042.680 70.43 15801.07 2906.52
9 445.01 14993.45 2741.92 48.77 0.8000 0.1818 50.500 83.804 6972.372 69.72 14942.95 2672.20
10 443.48 14143.94 2519.92 47.24 0.7750 0.2146 59.605 98.064 6888.568 68.89 14084.33 2451.03
11 441.96 13294.42 2285.45 45.72 0.7500 0.2492 69.208 113.080 6790.504 67.91 13225.21 2217.55
12 440.44 12697.68 2115.55 44.20 0.7250 0.2855 79.305 128.849 6677.424 66.77 12618.38 2048.78
13 438.91 12100.69 1923.85 42.67 0.7000 0.3237 89.898 145.375 6548.575 65.49 12010.79 1858.36
14 437.39 11503.96 1743.75 41.15 0.6750 0.3636 100.990 162.669 6403.200 64.03 11402.97 1679.72
15 435.86 10906.97 1573.28 39.62 0.6500 0.4054 112.591 180.748 6240.531 62.41 10794.37 1510.88
16 434.34 10310.23 1411.88 38.10 0.6250 0.4490 124.714 199.633 6059.783 60.60 10185.52 1351.28
17 432.82 9713.24 1264.91 36.58 0.6000 0.4946 137.374 219.354 5860.150 58.60 9575.87 1206.31
18 431.29 9116.51 1115.68 35.05 0.5750 0.5422 150.593 239.947 5640.796 56.41 8965.91 1059.28
19 429.77 8519.51 981.46 33.53 0.5500 0.5919 164.398 261.454 5400.849 54.01 8355.12 927.45
20 428.24 7922.78 856.02 32.00 0.5250 0.6438 178.818 283.927 5139.396 51.39 7743.96 804.62
21 426.72 7325.79 739.92 30.48 0.5000 0.6981 193.892 307.430 4855.468 48.55 7131.89 691.36
22 425.20 6736.05 632.60 28.96 0.4750 0.7548 209.663 332.037 4548.038 45.48 6526.38 587.12
23 423.67 6146.31 506.02 27.43 0.4500 0.8143 226.186 357.836 4216.001 42.16 5920.12 463.86
24 422.15 5556.56 445.14 25.91 0.4250 0.8768 243.523 384.936 3858.164 38.582 5313.04 406.56
25 420.62 4966.82 365.00 24.38 0.4000 0.9424 261.752 413.464 3473.229 34.732 4705.07 330.27
26 419.10 4377.08 293.65 22.86 0.3750 1.0116 280.966 443.580 3059.764 30.598 4096.12 263.05
27 417.58 3787.34 231.63 21.34 0.3500 1.0847 301.279 475.479 2616.184 26.162 3486.06 205.47
28 416.05 3197.60 178.40 19.81 0.3250 1.1623 322.833 509.403 2140.705 21.407 2874.77 156.99
29 414.53 2607.86 134.22 18.29 0.3000 1.2450 345.806 545.662 1631.302 16.313 2262.05 117.91
30 413.00 2018.12 98.83 16.76 0.2750 1.3336 370.426 584.654 1085.640 10.856 1647.69 87.97
31 411.48 1427.60 72.49 15.24 0.2500 1.4293 396.990 439.057 500.986 5.010 1030.61 67.48
32 410.40 417.18 57.26 14.16 0.2323 1.5020 417.176 61.929 61.929 0.619 0.000 56.640
33 409.96 0.00 50.97 13.72 0.2250 1.5333 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 50.97
34 408.43 0.00 35.40 12.19 0.2000 1.6478 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 35.40
35 406.91 0.00 28.03 10.67 0.1750 1.7754 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 28.03
36 402.34 0.00 15.57 6.10 0.1000 2.2946 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 15.57
37 396.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0000 #DIV/0! 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00
ANNEXURE-VI-6

Area (ha)
30000.0 25000.0 20000.0 15000.0 10000.0 5000.0 0.0
500 500
RevisedArea
Revised Capacity
450 450
400 400
Original Capacity
Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)
Original Area
350 350
300 300
250 250
200 200
Capacity (MCM)
CATCHMENT AREA-PROPOSED STRUCTURE AT GUNTAWADA RESERVOIR
Jalaput Dam
Balimela Dam
Proposed Structure at Guntawada Reservoir

CHAPTER-VII
RESERVOIR
Chap-7: Reservoir 7-i PFR

CHAPTER-VII
RESERVOIR
The Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project is proposed and designed as a Pumped
Storage Project for power generation. A rubber dam was proposed at 7.2 km upstream
within the existing Donkarayi reservoir with a FRL of EL +316.0 m, thus, this dam will
act as a storage structure in the existing reservoir without creating a new reservoir.
Thus, no reservoir studies are carried out under this project.
Chap-7: Reservoir 7-1 PFR

CHAPTER-VIII
POWER POTENTIAL & INSTALLED CAPACITY
Chapter.8: Power Potential Studies 8-i PFR

CHAPTER-VIII
POWER POTENTIAL & INSTALLED CAPACITY
TABLE OF CONTENTS

8.2 Sileru River 8-1
8.3 Discharge Series 8-2
8.4 Donkarayi Reservoir 8-3
8.5 Area-Capacity Curve of Rubber Dam 8-5
8.6 Operation of Pumped Storage Project 8-6
8.7 Selection of Turbines 8-7
8.7.1 Rated Head 8-7
8.7.2 Specific Speed 8-8
8.7.3 Types of Turbine 8-8
8.7.4 Speed and Size of Turbine 8-8
8.7.5 Turbine Setting 8-8
Chapter.8: Power Potential Studies 8-i PFR

CHAPTER – VIII
POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Determination of Power Potential at a location in a particular river is the primary

step in planning a Hydro Power Plant. The power potential of the project shall be
dependent on the project layout, operating water levels, data on long term flow
availability, selected turbo generating equipment type and its parameters etc.
The project is on the existing Guntawada reservoir on river Sileru. Independent

penstock tunnels from reservoir Intake convey the water upto the powerhouse. The water
from power house out fall is conveyed through a tail race tunnel and is let back to the
Donkarayi reservoir. The project key features of existing dam and powerhouse are given in
Table 8.1.
Table 8.1: Key features of Guntawada HE Project
Sl.No Parameter Value

1 FRL (m) (at Guntawada reservoir) +1360 ft
2 MDDL (m) (at Guntawada reservoir) +1334.5 m
3 Length of Penstock (m) 216.42 m
4 Maximum Discharge of Plant 1034.36 Cumecs
8.2 SILERU RIVER
Sileru River is a tributary of Sabari River. It originates in Andhra Pradesh and also flows
through Odisha before merging with Sabari. Sabari River crosses the border into Andhra
Pradesh to merge with Godavari River. Sileru (known as Machkund in its upper reaches)
river joins Sabari River at tri-junction boundary point of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and
Odisha. The river drains the Western face of Eastern Ghats and starts at an altitude of
+1645.90 m (5400 ft). It flows in a north-westernly direction upto Chikinput, where it takes
a short right angle bend and flows due South-West to its confluence with Sabari, an
Chapter.8: Power Potential Studies 8-1 PFR

important tributary of river Godavari.
Sileru river has a vast potential of hydro electricity generation which has been substantially
harnessed by constructing Machkund (120 MW), Balimela (510 MW), Upper Sileru (240
MW), Donkarayi (25 MW) and Lower Sileru hydro (460 MW) power projects. Chitrakonda
(60 MW) hydro project located at the toe of Balimela earth dam is planned to utilise the
head available across the earth dam.
The total catchment area of the Sileru River up to the proposed Upper Sileru Pumped
Storage Project Site is 5164.44 sq km (1994 sq miles). The intercepted catchment above
Machkund Diversion Dam is 2222.21 sq km (858 sq miles). The free catchment of
Guntwada reservoir is 2942.22 sq km (1136 sq miles). Based on the inflow data and the
flows used for power generation at the existing power house, review of hydrological data
was carried out for assessment of storage capacity of D/S reservoir. Operational pattern of
Pumped Storage Plant has been kept in such a way that 47.6 MCM (1.7 TMC) of water
will be utilised for the proposed pumped storage project without affecting the existing
commitments at Donkarayi Reservoir. The project is a pumped storage scheme and hence,
no consumptive utilisation of water is required for its operation. The design flood at the
Gutntawada diversion weir is 6937.63 cum/sec (2,45,000 cusec).
Table 8.2 - Hydrology

1 Intercepted Catchment 2222.21 sq km (858 sq miles)
Free Catchment 2942.22 sq km (1136 sq miles)
Total Catchment 5164.44 sq km (1994 sq miles)
Mean annual rainfall 1388 mm
Design flood at Guntawada reservoir 6937.63 cum/sec (2,45,000 cusec)
8.3 DISCHARGE SERIES
Actual discharge from the reservoir utilised for power genberation was collected from the
project authorities from 2001-02 to 2011-12. The average annual runoff was computed as
1987.16 Mcum. The details of flows utilised for power generation for 1999-2000 to 2017-
18 are appended in the Chapter-6-Annexer VI-1.

The Upper Sileru PSP is envisaged to utilise 47.6 MCM (1.7 TMC) of water to be pumped
to the upper reservoir in 9 hours. The project is a pumped storage scheme and hence, no
consumptive utilisation of water is required for its operation.
8.4 DONKARAYI RESERVOIR
The existing Donkarayi reservoir is the existing reservoir, D/s of Guntwada reservoir. The
MDDL of Donkarayi reservoir is 955 ft (291.08m). The length of tail race tunnel would be
approximately 20 km if the upper sileru PSP is to be operated upto the MDDL of Donkarayi
reservoir. In order to economise the cost of construction and decrease the length of the
tunnels, a new overflow dam at 7.20 kms upstream of Donkarayi Reservoir is proposed
with an FRL of 316.00 m (1036.75 ft). Live storage of the proposed new diversion weir at
7.20 km is 1.7 TMC with an MDDL 309.00 m (1014 ft). The river shall be channelised for
a length of approx. 1Km from the exit of TRT to facilitate operation of Upper Sileru PSP
upto the proposed MDDL of 309.00 m (1014 ft) there by decreasing the length of tail race
tunnel by 15 Km. The water from Guntawada reservoir, after generation, passes through a
6 km water conductor system.
The area-capacity curve of existing Donkarayi reservoir is given below as Table 8.3.
Table 8.3: Area-Capacity Curve (As Per Hydrographic Survey of 2004-05)

ELEVATION Area Capacity Cum.capacity
(m) M. Sq.m (MCM) (MCM)
256.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
259 0.0000 0.0800 0.0800
260 0.1703 0.1878 0.2678
261 0.3745 0.3817 0.6495
262 0.4927 0.4929 1.1424
263 0.5269 0.5271 1.6695
264 0.5611 0.5613 2.2308
265 0.6145 0.6152 2.8461
266 0.7042 0.7056 3.5516
267 0.8069 0.8079 4.3595
268 0.9041 0.9050 5.2645


269 1.0202 1.0218 6.2863
270 1.2129 1.2174 7.5037
271 1.4536 1.4564 8.9601
272 1.6732 1.6756 10.6357
273 1.8449 1.8455 12.4812
274 1.9640 1.9646 14.4458
275 2.1086 2.1097 16.5555
276 2.2358 2.2361 18.7916
277 2.3171 2.3173 21.1089
278 2.3991 2.3993 23.5082
279 2.4809 2.4811 25.9894
280 2.5551 2.5553 28.5446
281 2.6273 2.6275 31.1721
282 2.7565 2.7575 33.9297
283 2.9012 2.9015 36.8312
284 3.0136 3.0140 39.8452
285 3.1981 3.1998 43.0449
286 3.4119 3.4126 46.4576
287 3.5943 3.5951 50.0527
288 3.7870 3.7878 53.8405
289 4.0476 4.0499 57.8904
290 4.4024 4.4051 62.2955
291 4.7859 4.7885 67.0840
292 5.2119 5.2153 72.2994
293 5.7531 5.7588 78.0581
294 6.1908 6.1916 84.2497
295 6.5472 6.5502 90.7999
296 7.1206 7.1259 97.9258
297 7.7873 7.7920 105.7178
298 8.4541 8.4585 114.1763
299 9.1284 9.1325 123.3088
300 9.8374 9.8421 133.1509


301 11.0719 11.0958 144.2467
302 12.4275 12.4326 156.6793
303 13.3016 13.3064 169.9857
304 14.1208 14.1242 184.1100
305 14.9247 14.9287 199.0387
306 15.7001 15.7027 214.7414
307 16.5807 16.5865 231.3278
308 17.7478 17.7553 249.0831
309 19.5931 19.6193 268.7024
310 21.6267 21.6358 290.3381
311 23.0964 23.1035 313.4416
312 23.9753 23.9757 337.4173
313 24.8437 24.8504 362.2678
314 25.8425 25.8435 388.1112
315 26.3852 26.3861 414.4973
316.08 26.8875 29.0392 443.5366
8.5 AREA – CAPACITY CURVE OF RUBBER DAM (WEIR)
In order to determine the area-capacity at the proposed Rubber dam, hydrographic survey
was carried out and the data is given in Table 8.4 below.
Table 8.4: Area-Capacity Curve (As Per Hydrographic Survey of 2018-19)

Elevation (m) Area (Sq. Km) Capacity (MCM) Capacity (TMC)
288 0.0000 0.00 0.00

289 0.00766 0.00 0.00
290 0.1587 0.07 0.00
291 0.4662 0.36 0.01
292 0.689 0.95 0.03
293 0.894 1.74 0.06
294 1.095 2.73 0.10
295 1.333 3.94 0.14
296 1.597 5.41 0.19

Elevation (m) Area (Sq. Km) Capacity (MCM) Capacity (TMC)

297 1.919 7.16 0.25
298 2.241 9.24 0.33
299 2.573 11.65 0.41
300 2.879 14.38 0.51
301 3.179 17.41 0.61
302 3.417 20.71 0.73
303 3.625 24.23 0.86
304 3.965 28.05 0.99
305 4.189 32.12 1.13
306 4.473 36.46 1.29
307 4.818 41.09 1.45
308 5.155 46.08 1.63
309 5.498 51.41 1.82
310 5.887 57.07 2.02
311 6.262 63.15 2.23
312 6.721 69.67 2.46
313 7.169 76.60 2.71
314 7.745 84.05 2.97
315 8.405 92.11 3.25
316 9.111 100.88 3.56
317 9.755 110.31 3.90
318 12.177 122.00 4.31
319 15.095 136.55 4.82
320 16.23 152.21 5.38
8.6 OPERATION OF PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT

The Upper Sileru PSP is proposed with an installed capacity 1350 MW comprising of 9
units of 150 MW each. The Project will generate 1350 MW by utilizing a design discharge
of 1652 m3 /s and rated head of 92.58 m. The PSP will utilize 1500 MW to pump 1.7 TMC
of water to the upper reservoir in 9.0 hours.
The parameters for the pumped storage operation is as follows:

Sl.No Parameter Unit Value

1 Installed capacity MW 1350
2 Number of units No 9
3 Max head - Turbine Mode m 108.50
4 Min head - Turbine Mode m 90.75
5 Max head - Pump Mode m 118.00
6 Min head - Pump Mode m 94.20
7 Pump duration hrs 9 hrs/350 days
8 Generation duration hrs 8 hrs/350 days
The volume of water required for turbine mode of operation is equated to the pumped
mode.
Annual energy generation by Upper Sileru PSP in Turbine mode is 3780.00 MU.
Annual energy consumption by Upper Sileru PSP in Pump mode is 4820.00 MU.
Cycle efficiency – 78.43%
Load factor in turbine mode – 27.39 %
Load factor in Pump mode – 30.82 %
During wet years PSP can be operated in turbine mode to maximize the energy production.
8.7 SELECTION OF TURBINES
8.7.1 Rated Head
Rated Head is defined as that head where rated power is obtained with wicket gates fully
opened. Thus, it is the minimum head at which rated output can be obtained. A generator
is selected with a rated capacity to match the rated power output of the turbine at a specific
power factor (Usually 0.9 for large synchronous generators) Above rated head, the
generator capacity limits power output, so the unit's full rated capacity can be obtained at
all heads above rated head. Below rated head, the maximum achievable power output with
turbine gates fully open is less than rated capacity. Rated head is the minimum head at
which the turbine manufacturer guarantees rated output.
8.7.2 Specific Speed

The Specific Speed of a turbine is the speed in revolutions per minute at which the turbine
would rotate, if reduced homo-logically, so that it would develop 1 Hp (1metric horse
power) under 1 meter of head at full gate. Low specific speeds are associated with high
heads and high specific speeds are associated with low heads. Moreover there is a wide
range of specific speeds, which may be suitable for a given head.
8.7.3 Types of turbines

A variety of turbine types is available, each of which is designed to operate in a particular
head and flow range. In addition, a specific turbine is capable of operating within a limited
head and discharge range. Pelton turbines single jet or multiple jets, Turbo impulse turbines
are examples of Impulse type turbines. Francis turbines, Propeller turbines and Kaplan
Turbines, Bulb turbines and Tube turbines are examples of reaction turbines. The turbine
generating units can be arranged either horizontally or vertically. Sometimes (in low head
projects), a speed increasing gear box may be used to take advantage of low cost high-
speed generators.
8.7.4 Speed and size of turbine

The actual prototype runner size is determined by the manufacturer in accordance with
model tests and design criteria. Turbines by different manufacturer vary slightly in size for
a given power even when the speed is fixed. For estimating and for preliminary layout
purposes the diameter fixed on the basis of IS Codes and from the experience curves prove
to be satisfactory which is adopted.
8.7.5 Turbine Setting

This is based on the cavitation requirements of the turbine and is based on the
manufacturers recommendations. For layout purpose the turbine setting levels are arrived
as per IS:12800.

CHAPTER-IX
DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES
Chapter.9: Design of Civil Structures 9-i PFR

CHAPTER-IX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
9 DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES ..................................................................... 1

9.1 General ..................................................................................................... 1
9.2 Power Intake (Guntawada Upper Reservoir) ..................................... 2
9.3 Trash-Rack Structure At Power Intake .............................................. 3
9.4 Pump Intake (Donkarayi Lower Reservoir) ....................................... 4
9.5 Trash-Rack Structure At Pump Intake ............................................... 6
9.6 Head Race Tunnel .................................................................................. 7
9.6.1 Construction Adit to Head Race Tunnel .................................................. 8
9.7 Primary Or Upstream Surge Shaft ...................................................... 8
9.8 Pressure Shaft And Steel Liner............................................................. 9
9.9 Power House Complex ......................................................................... 10
9.10 Draft Tube Tunnels .............................................................................. 12
9.11 Tailrace Tunnels ................................................................................... 13
9.12 Hydro Mechanical Components ......................................................... 13
9.12.1 General .................................................................................................... 13
9.13 Weir at Lower Reservoir ..................................................................... 23
9.13.1 General .................................................................................................... 23
9.13.2 G-D Curve and Retrogression ................................................................ 24
9.13.3 Design Flood ............................................................................................ 24
9.13.4 Waterway ................................................................................................ 25
9.13.5 Afflux ....................................................................................................... 26
9.13.6 Cut Offs ................................................................................................... 26
9.13.7 Energy Dissipation .................................................................................. 27
9.13.8 Ogee Spillway .......................................................................................... 27
Chapter.9: Design of Civil Structures 9-i PFR

CHAPTER-IX
9 DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES
9.1 GENERAL
The proposed 1350 MW (9 x 150 MW each unit) Upper Sileru pumped storage scheme
envisages utilization of water from the existing Guntawada reservoir as the upper
reservoir during generation mode and Donkarayi reservoir as the lower reservoir located
adjacent to the existing 240 MW (4 X 60 MW) Upper Sileru hydroelectric project
during the pumping mode.
The proposed Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project (USPSP) envisages construction of
power intake to draw water for power generation mode from Guntawada reservoir. The
power intake feeds three headrace tunnels having a length of about 2746 m each
terminating at primary/ upper surge pool. The surge pool is provided to absorb hydraulic
transients during generation and pumping mode and is open to sky. Nine individual
pressure shafts having a length of about 385 m each take off from upper surge pool to
feed nine reversible pump turbines housed in a semi-underground powerhouse. From
the powerhouse, nine individual draft tube tunnels having a length of about 65 m each
carry water to the downstream or secondary surge pool. Three tailrace tunnels having a
length of about 2478 m each carry water from downstream surge pool to Lower
Donkarayi reservoir. A pump intake is provided in Donkarayi reservoir to draw water
during pumping mode. A weir is also proposed in Donkarayi reservoir to facilitate
creation of a balancing reservoir for USPSP with a storage capacity of 1.5 TMC. The
transfer of water from the existing Guntawada reservoir to the existing Donkarayi
reservoir during power generation mode and vice versa during pumping mode is
proposed corresponding to the storage capacity at downstream weir of around 1.5 TMC
or 42.5 MCM.
A brief description of each component is given below:
Chapter.9: Design of Civil Structures 9-1 PFR

9.2 POWER INTAKE (GUNTAWADA UPPER RESERVOIR)
One number straight type power intake structure having symmetrical approach via an
approach channel has been envisaged on the existing upper Guntawada reservoir to
draw a design discharge of 1652 cumec for generation of power.
The power intake structure comprises of an independent intake located on the left side
of the existing intake for Upper Sileru Hydro Electric Project (USHEP). A common
intake structure is provided with three bell mouth inlet structure for three Head Race
Tunnels. The intake has been provided with a trash-rack structure at the upstream edge.
An approach channel for smooth diversion of flows from Guntawada reservoir to the
power intake has been proposed. The head race tunnel entry is provided with a smooth
bell mouth transition for entry of the required discharges. Each bell mouth for the power
Intake for each of the three HRTs has been designed for a discharge of 550.67 cumec
(total design discharge of 1652 cumec).
A Gate shaft has been proposed downstream of bell mouth entry at power intake for
housing the hydro mechanical Gates and their operating mechanism. Each bell mouth
entry is equipped with an independent gate shaft which is joined at the hoisting platform
level. Accordingly, there are two numbers of emergency and two numbers of service
gates for each opening with an intermediate pier. The two numbers of Gates for each
power intake shall be operated (lifting or lowering) in tandem for regulation of
discharges through each Head Race Tunnel.
Main features of the Power Intake are as follows:
 FRL EL.414.50 m
 MDDL EL.406.75 m
 Centre line of each bell mouth EL.381.00 m

 Centre line of HRT EL.381.00 m
 Number of bell mouth for one HRT Two numbers

merging into one HRT
 Head race tunnel finished diameter and shape 12.00 M, Horse-shoe

 Size of Service & Emergency Gates in each
bell mouth opening 6.00 m(W) X 12.00(H)

 Number of service & emergency gates

for one HRT intake 2 Service+2 Emergency Gate
 Sill level of service / emergency gates EL. 375.00 m
 Top level of Gates hoisting platform EL.417.00 m
 Overall Size of trash rack structure 184.0 m (W) X 34.0 m (H)
 Total number of bays in trash rack structure 50 Nos.

 Clear size of each TR opening (width X height) 3.7 m(W) X 34.0 m (H)
 Top level of deck slab for trash rack EL.417.00 M

structure
 Sill Level of Trash Rack Structure EL.371.00 M

 Lowest level of breast wall / Top of TR opening EL.405.00 M
9.3 TRASH-RACK STRUCTURE AT POWER INTAKE
A trash-rack structure is proposed in front of the three bellmouth intake conduits to

prevent the entrance of any trash bigger than the smallest opening in the turbine runner.
No part of the trash-rack structure shall fall within 80% of the intake height from the
center point of the intake.
The basic considerations for finalization of the trash-rack structures are as under:
 Minimum head loss.

 Vibration within allowable limits.
 Arrangement for removal of floating debris.
 The piers and beams of the trash-rack supporting structure.
Based on the above requirements and the intake location based on site topography, an
inclined trash-rack has been proposed for the project and the design has been done as
per IS 11388: 2012 “Recommendations for Design of Trash racks for Intakes”.
Trashracks are proposed with an inclination of 800 with horizontal apron.
The inclined height of the trash-rack has been divided into 10 equal parts of size 3400
mm each while the horizontal width has been divided into fifty equal parts of 3700 mm
clear width. As such, a total of 500 nos. of metallic Trash Rack Panels of size 3.7m (W)
X 3.40 m (H) has been provided. The steel flats/bars of size 75 x 16 mm thick with

rounded edge @76mm c/c has been provided as trash bars. The clear spacing between
the trash bars shall however be verified by the supplier of the turbine machines based on
the minimum spacing's of the runner blades. Each panel of the Trash rack has been
divided into four numbers of horizontal sub panels using ISMC-400 so that the
unsupported length of the trash bars should not be more than the value permitted in IS
code & the vibration in the panel are within allowable limit.
Provision of lifting lugs in each panel has been made. All the units /panels of the trash
rack are interchangeable. The TR panels are proposed to be lifted by means of TRCM
having an auxiliary hoist equipped with an automatic lifting beam. The maintenance of
trash rack panels shall be carried out at EL.417.00 (Top of deck slab). An automatic
hydraulic trash cleaning machine for mechanical cleaning and removal of trash shall be
installed at EL. 417.00. A breast wall supported on the columns and intermediate beams
have been proposed above EL 405.00 m after justifying the net flow area requirements.
The trash panels will be supported on main piers, intermediate piers & rib beams of
reinforced concrete. For structural requirement, the width of end pier and intermediate
piers has been kept as 2.0m & 1.5m respectively.
9.4 PUMP INTAKE (DONKARAYI LOWER RESERVOIR)
The Pump Intake is located at the end of the tailrace tunnel located near the existing
lower Donkarayi reservoir. One number straight type pump Intake structure having
symmetrical approach has been envisaged on the Donkarayi reservoir to pump back the
design pump discharges of 1242 cumec back into the upper Guntawada reservoir.
The size and shape of the pump intake located at the end of the tail race tunnel opening
in the lower reservoir is almost similar to the power intake. The tail race tunnel inlet
entry is provided with a smooth bell mouth transition for entry of the required
discharges. Each bell mouth for the pump intake for each of the three TRTs is designed
for a discharge of 414 cumec (total 1242 cumec). The submergence depth and shape has
been worked out as explained above based on the various codal provisions and
requirements.
The following basic parameters have been considered for the hydraulic design of Pump
Intake structure:

 Full Reservoir Level (FRL) EL316.00 m
 Minimum Draw down Level (MDDL) EL 306.00 m

 Generation Discharge 1652 m3/s
 Pumping Discharge 1242 m3/s
 No. of Tunnels 3 Nos.
 Total No. of bell mouth Intakes Two nos. converging into one
 Size of the Gate 6.0 m (W) X 12.0 m (H)
 Diameter of TRT 12 m
Based on the above data and keeping the Froude number as less than 0.5, the
submergence of the C/L of the intake from MDDL works out to be as under:- As per IS
code; Submergence($) = 8.47 m, and As per Gordon's formula, Submergence(S) =
7.576 m. Accordingly the maximum of the above two values, i.e. 8.47 m has been
provided as minimum submergence. The centre line of the Bell mouth intake has
accordingly been fixed at EL 283.0 m & the sill level works out to EL.277 m. The
Centre line of the TRT at its starting has been fixed as EL. 283 m in order to keep the
soffit of the tail race tunnel at the same level as that of the Intake gates.
The trash rack supporting structure is of the similar type, shape and dimensions as that
proposed at the power intake. Accordingly, the deck slab of the trash rack supporting
structure is proposed at EL.319.00 m to match with natural ground level which is 3m
above the FRL (EL.316.00 m) at the lower reservoir. The flow in the intake will have its
entry only through the trash rack panels. A breast wall has been proposed above the
required net flow area. Access to the deck slab has been planned from the hoisting slab.
A Gate shaft has been proposed downstream of bell mouth entry at pump intake for
housing the hydro mechanical Gates and their operating mechanism. Each bell mouth
entry is equipped with an independent gate shaft which is joined at the hoisting platform
level. Accordingly, there are two numbers of emergency and two numbers of service
gates for each opening with an intermediate pier. The two numbers of Gates for each
pump intake shall be operated (lifting or lowering) in tandem for regulation of
discharges through each Tail Race Tunnel. The details of gates & their operating
mechanism are indicated in the relevant drawings.

Main features of the Pump Intake:
 FRL EL.316.00 m
 MDDL EL.306.00 m
 Centre line of EACH bell mouth EL.283.00 m
 Centre line of TRT (Tail Race Tunnel) EL. 283.00 m
 Number of bell mouth for one TRT Two numbers merging

into one TRT Tail Race Tunnel
diameter 12.00M
 Size of Service & emergency Gates 6.0m(W) X 12.0m(H)

d/s of each bell mouth opening
 Number of service & emergency gates 2 Service Gates + 2 Emergency
Gates for one TRT
 Sill level of service & emergency gates EL. 277.0 m
 Top level of Gates hoisting platform EL. 319.00 m

 Overall Size of trash rack structure 184.0 m (W) X 31.0 m (H)
 Total number of bays in trashrack structure 50 Nos.
 Size of each panel 3.7 m (W) X 3.5 m (H)
 Top level of deck slab for trash rack EL.319.0 m structure

 Sill Level of Trash Rack Structure EL. 273.00 m
9.5 TRASH-RACK STRUCTURE AT PUMP INTAKE
A trash-rack structure is proposed in front of the three bellmouth intake conduits for
TRT to prevent the entrance of any trash bigger than the smallest opening in the turbine
runner. No part of the trash-rack structure shall fall within 80% of the intake height
from the center point of the intake.
The basic considerations for finalization of the trash-rack structures are similar to those
for power intake. Based on these requirements and pump intake location based on site
topography, an inclined trash-rack has been proposed with an inclination of 800 with
horizontal apron. The inclined height of the trash-rack has been divided into 09 equal
parts of size 3700 mm each while the horizontal width has been divided into fifty equal
parts of 3700 mm clear width. As such, a total of 450 nos. of metallic Trash Rack Panels

of size 3.7m (W) X 3500 m (H) has been provided. The steel flats/bars of size 75 x 16
mm thick with rounded edge @76mm c/c has been provided as trash bars. The clear
spacing between the trash bars shall however be verified by the supplier of the turbine
machines based on the minimum spacing's of the runner blades. Each panel of the Trash
rack has been divided into four numbers of horizontal sub panels using ISMC-400 so
that the unsupported length of the trash bars should not be more than the value
permitted in IS code & the vibration in the panel are within allowable limit.
Provision of lifting lugs in each panel has been made. All the units /panels of the trash
rack are interchangeable. The TR panels are proposed to be lifted by means of TRCM
having aux. hoist equipped with an automatic lifting beam. The maintenance of trash
rack panels shall be carried out at EL.319.00 (Top of deck slab). An automatic trash
cleaning machine for mechanical cleaning and removal of trash shall be installed at EL.
319.00. A breast wall supported on the columns and intermediate beams have been
proposed above EL 304.00 m after justifying the net flow area requirements.
The trash panels will be supported on main piers, intermediate piers & rib beams of
reinforced concrete. For structural requirement, the width of end pier and intermediate
piers has been kept as 2.0m & 1.5m respectively.
9.6 HEAD RACE TUNNEL
The existing Guntawada reservoir with a live storage capacity of 88 mm3 created for the
USHEP is proposed to be utilized and act as the upper reservoir with downstream
Donkarayi reservoir as lower reservoir for re-utilization of waters at proposed USPSP
along with water released from present USHEP scheme. Three numbers 12 m finished
diameter horse shoe shaped and around 2746 m long Head race tunnel takes off from
the power intake at Guntawada reservoir. The proposed head race tunnel is aligned on
the Left side of the adjoining area of the existing Upper Sileru hydro electric project.
The HRT is proposed to be excavated from HRT Inlet portal, intermediate adit and adit
to upstream surge gallery near power house. HRT shall be excavated using heading and
benching approach. Rock support for HRT as per rock class encountered during actual
excavation shall be provided as per details shown in relevant drawings.

Each HRT is designed to carry a discharge of 550.67 cumec of water. Maximum flow
velocity in the concrete line HRT will be about 4.61 m/s. Minimum ground cover over
the HRT is about 46.0 m and maximum ground cover is about 140 m. The centre line of
HRT at inlet is proposed at EL. 381 m and centre line at its junction with primary surge
pool is at EL.360 m. HRT will be provided with a concrete lining of 500 mm thickness.
9.6.1 Construction Adit to Head Race Tunnel
The construction of the underground head race tunnel is proposed to be taken up from
the power intake side after the construction of a coffer dam. However, for facilitating
the construction of primary surge pool as well as downstream reach of HRT, a
construction Adit 2 having dimensions of 8m (W) X 8m (H) D-shaped and having a
length of about 375 m is proposed at the primary or upstream surge shaft and will also
provide Access to Valve house located downstream of primary surge pool. HRT is
excavated with heading and benching method. As the HRT passes through relatively
low ground cover, possibility of occasional adverse geological condition with water
seepage is expected. Also, excavation from intake is prone to water ingress. For timely
project completion and to ensure ease of construction, an additional intermediate adit
(Adit-1) is proposed having a length of 675 m. This adit shall assist in the excavation of
HRT independently from the two sides of surge shaft end as well as the intake side.
Sound rock is expected at the portal location. The construction adits shall be supported
with rock bolts and shotcrete as per details shown in the relevant drawings. The
construction adits shall be plugged after construction.
Based on above considerations a PCC concrete lining (grade M25 A20) of 500mm
thickness is proposed to be adopted for HRT.
9.7 PRIMARY OR UPSTREAM SURGE SHAFT
A surge shaft is provided to reduce the pressure surges created due to water hammer and
to limit its further transmission to HRT. It assists in improving the regulation and
provide water supply to turbines in case of sudden start-up of a machine. A surge tank is
usually necessary if the ratio of length of water conductor system from reservoir up to
centre-line of the generating unit to the net head for the project is more than 5.

In the present case, length of water conductor system (L) from intake to center-line of
the surge shaft is 2746 m and the rated net head (H) of the project is 92.58 m. Therefore,
the L/H ratio works out to about 29 and is much more than 5. Accordingly, for the
stability of the present hydraulic system, a surge shaft is required. Hence, it is proposed
to have an open to sky surge shaft from topographical consideration.
For the present case a simple vertical surge shaft connected directly to the HRT &
Pressure shafts has been proposed because of following advantages:
 This vertical surge shaft is cost effective and suitable for the present case. The
surge shaft is open to sky with its top deck slab at EL.430 m.
 An Underground Surge shaft cavity has not been proposed as it does not suit the
topography at its location.
The primary surge shaft has dimension of 42.5 m (w) x 275 m (L) with bottom at EL.
350 m and top at EL. 430 m. Concrete lining will be provided in full height of primary
surge pool.
Service gate will be provided in each of the three HRTs at their entry in to primary
surge pool to facilitate maintenance of surge pool and pressure shafts. The gate
dimensions will be similar to the service gate provided at power intake structure. The
gates operating mechanism shall be provided at the top of surge pool at El 430 m.
9.8 PRESSURE SHAFT AND STEEL LINER
Nine numbers 6.0 m diameter steel lined pressure shafts have been provided taking off
from the primary surge shaft to convey the design discharges to the generating units.
The underground pressure shafts are steel lined up to the proposed semi underground
powerhouse. The total length of each pressure shaft works to around 385 meters. The
pressure shaft shall have a horizontal length of about 110 m downstream of primary
surge pool followed by an inclined shaft between El 360 m and El 281.50 m. A
horizontal pressure length of about 166.25 is proposed upstream of power house. The
excavated dimensions of horizontal reach of pressure shaft shall have dimensions of 8 m
D shape and in inclined reach, excavated dimension shall be 8 m diameter circular in
shape.

The total design discharge for generation of 1350 MW (9 units x 150 MW each) power
has been computed as 1652 cumec. Accordingly, design discharge for individual
pressure shaft having 6.0 m diameter is 183.55 cumec generating a velocity of 6.5 m/s
The alignment of the pressure shaft has been fixed in such a way that the individual
tunnels have adequate rock ledge between the two adjoining pressure shafts.
9.9 POWER HOUSE COMPLEX
The Layout of the power house complex for the proposed Pumped Storage Scheme lies
in the lower hill slopes of the Upper Sileru Hydro Electric Project. A semi underground
powerhouse of size 25.5m (W) x 65.0m (H) x 313m (L) has been proposed on the left
bank of the Tail race channel of Upper Sileru hydroelectric power project. The
powerhouse complex is located downstream slope of surge shaft in the same hill range
at the location. The powerhouse shall house nine (9) nos. generating units of 150 MW
each for the generation of 1350 MW of power under rated head of around 92.58 m.
The transformer will be located immediately downstream of the power house at ground
level at EL 330 m. The transformer hall shall have a GIS system on floor at EL. 337.50
m above the transformers. Nine numbers of Bus Duct connect the Generating units to
the Transformers.
The discharge from the power house after generation as well as for pumping is
conveyed through nine numbers of unit draft tube tunnels each of size 7.8 m (w) X 10 m
(H). The draft tube gates shall be provided below the secondary surge pool with sill
level EL.270.0 m. Individual hoisting mechanism shall be provided for the draft tube
gate of each unit for quick closing under the unbalanced condition of water pressure.
The discharges from nine units are conveyed into the lower reservoir through three
tailrace tunnels.
Machine Hall
There are four main floors in the machine hall. The lowest floor is at El.274.00 m and
houses the main inlet valve (MIV) for the units. Cooling water pumps, dewatering &
drainage pumps, flood water pumps shall be located on the MIV floor. The nine
Generating units are spaced at 26.0 m c/c. The 48 m long Service / erection bay is
located at the end of the machine hall. The centerline of turbines machines is set at EL

281.50 m around 24.5 m below the minimum TWL of EL 306.0 m in order to avoid any
negative pressures in the system.
The Pump Turbine floor is provided at EL. 285.00 m and houses the various pump
turbine auxiliaries and oil pressure units for governors including MIV for each unit.
The generator floor is provided at EL 290.30 m and houses various Unit Auxiliary
boards (UAB's) neutral grounding cubicles, HP lubrication system, marshaling panels,
etc. Necessary hatches for erection and removal of MIV shall be provided at various
floors in the machine hall cavern.
The machine hall floor is at EL. 295.70 m. This is the main operating floor and houses
the unit control boards, control panels and excitation panels etc.
The provision and arrangement of various electro-mechanicals /electrical equipment,

control equipment and other auxiliaries are discussed in detail in Electro-mechanical
Works of this Volume. The entrance for the machine hall shall be through the 8mX8m
D-Shape Main Access tunnel (MAT).
Service/Erection Bay
A service/ erection bay of size 48 m (L) x 25.5m (W) has been provided to facilitate the
erection & maintenance of the various electrical/ electro-mechanical & hydro-
mechanical components. The approach to the service bay is through the 750 m long
main access tunnel (MAT) joining it at EL 295.70m. The approach to the transformer
hall is located at natural ground level of EL. 330.0 m between the B-line of PH & A line
of the transformer hall.
EOT Crane
Two EOT cranes of 225T/40T/10T capacity each shall be installed in the powerhouse
cavern for handling the various plant and equipment in the service bay and machine
hall. Sufficient clearance has been provided between the machine hall floor and the
EOT crane which is supported on crane beams at EL 308.50m.
Structural Framework
The structural framework inside the machine hall and service bay is proposed as a
reinforced concrete frame. The layout and size of the beams & columns for supporting

the floors at various elevations and the EOT crane is indicated in the relevant floor plan
drawings. The EOT crane supporting RCC columns are proposed to be approx. size 1.8
m (W) x 2.0m (D).
Transformer Building
The transformer building of size 248.0m (L) x 19.375m (W) x 23.5 m (H) is located
downstream of the powerhouse at EL 330.0 m. The building will be founded on rock.
GIS floor has been kept at EL 337.50 m. An EOT crane of capacity 10T with crane
beam at EL. 345.50m has been provided in the transformer building for handling
various equipments. The structural framework of the building shall be of RCC.
Main Access Tunnel (MAT)
Main Access Tunnel for approach to the power house is proposed to be through an
underground tunnel of size 8m (W) x 8m (H) D-shaped, with its inlet portal at around
EL.345.0 m located near the existing road. The MAT has been proposed to reach the
service bay at EL. 295.70 m of the powerhouse cavern. The D-shaped MAT has a length
of around 750 m in a slope of 1 in 15.
Adits for Ferrule Erection and Primary Surge Pool Construction
One Adit 2 (8 m x 8 m D-shaped) from the access road and near the powerhouse has
been proposed for erection of the ferrules, excavation of primary surge pool with invert
-EL. 350.0 m and for providing access to Valve House.
The valve house of size12.5m (W) X 25m (H) X 229 m (L) located at the top horizontal
reach of the pressure shaft near its inclined bend is envisaged to be used for erection of
ferrules.
9.10 DRAFT TUBE TUNNELS
Each generating unit is connected to a Draft Tube Tunnel from the draft tube liner
between the B-line of PH and the A line. The draft tube liner at the outlet is connected
to the Draft Tube tunnel (DTT) which is 7.8m (W) X 10m (H). A vertical slide gate type
with a hydraulic hoist has been proposed for each of the DTT in downstream surge pool
with its invert level EL.270.00. These gates shall be operated during the maintenance of
the generating units, from a platform at the top of downstream surge pool at EL. 341.50
m.

Individual hoisting mechanism shall be provided for the draft gates of each unit for
quick closing under the unbalanced head condition of water pressure. The details of the
gate and its hoisting arrangement have been indicated in the relevant drawings.
The Draft tube tunnel (length around 65m) is proposed to be RCC Lined (min. 500mm
thk) in the entire reach. Necessary transitions shall be provided at the relevant locations.
The details of the excavation and rock support measures are based on the Empirical
criteria used for estimation of the rock support system given by Barton & USACE. The
rock support system for different rock mass classification for the draft tube tunnel is
indicated in the relevant power house drawings for support measures.
9.11 TAILRACE TUNNELS
Three numbers tail race tunnels each of 12.0m diameter have been envisaged to convey
550.67 cumec each of design discharge from the generating units back to the lower
reservoir. The length of tailrace tunnels is approximately 2478 m. The invert level of the
tailrace tunnel at the start is EL. 270.0 m and at the outfall is 277 m. The minimum Tail
Water Level is EL. 306.0m in the lower reservoir.
The end of the tail race tunnel joins with a pump intake structure located in the lower
reservoir. The pump intake structure is equipped with a service and an emergency gate.
A trash rack supporting structure for installation of trash rack units is also proposed at
the intake to be used in the event of pumping mode. The Gates with its operating
platform above the maximum TWL has been proposed at EL.316.0m and the gate trash
rack deck slab is proposed at EL. 319.0 m to match with natural ground level.
9.12 HYDRO MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
9.12.1 General
One number Straight type Power Intake structure having symmetrical approach via an
Approach channel has been envisaged on the existing Guntawada Upper Reservoir, to
divert a design discharge of 1652 cumec, for generation of power. The discharges shall
be lead through a water conductor system (HRT + surge shaft +Pressure Shafts) for
generation of power at a semi underground powerhouse, equipped with 9 nos. reversible
pump turbines before releasing the discharge into the existing Donkarayi Lower
Reservoir through tail race tunnels.

The water after power generation will flow through the tail race tunnel and would be
stored in Lower Reservoir. During lean power demand hours, the surplus power
available from the Grid will flow back to the Pumped Storage plant through the same
transmission line which was used to evacuate the power during peak demand hours. The
generators will then run as motors and the turbines will operate as pumps to lift the
water from lower to upper reservoir. The entire power and hydraulic system would run
in the reversed mode. During next peak hour cycle the turbines and generators will
operate in the normal mode to produce power.
Description of the proposed hydro-mechanical equipment, design criteria and operating

conditions, as per planning and layout of civil structures is as under:
9.12.1.1 Power Intake Gates
Three head race tunnels (HRT) of diameter 12.0m is proposed for water conductor
system. Each HRT Intake is divided in two openings by provision of an intermediate
pier. A gate shaft is proposed to accommodate the service and emergency gates for HRT
Intake.
Service Gates
Two (2) vertical lift fixed wheel type service gates for two openings of size 6.00m x
12.00 m each are proposed to cut off water flow from the upper reservoir into each
HRT. Sill of Power Intake Gates is proposed at EL 375.00m. The gates shall be
designed for a water head corresponding to FRL 414.50m, as per the provisions
contained in IS: 4622. The service gate will have down-stream skin plate and sealing.
These gates shall be either fully open or closed condition and not be used for regulation
of discharge. The gate will normally be stored on dogging beams on top of gate shaft at
EL. 417.00m.
The gates shall be operated by rope drum hoist of adequate capacity mounted on hoist-
bridge and steel trestles fixed at top of gate shaft EL. 417.00m. Overall arrangement of
rope drum hoist shall be as per the provision contained in lS: 6938.
The gate shall be designed for closure by its own weight and dimensioned such that the
self-weight is sufficient to effect positive closure. If necessary, ballast can also be added
to gate for this purpose. The intake service gate shall be operated under balanced head

conditions created by closure of MIV in power house and/ or butterfly valves located in
valve house. Balanced condition during raising cycle shall be created by crack opening
the gate. Provision of air vent on downstream side of gate and removable guide in
trestles shall be made.
Power Intake Emergency Gate
Two (2) vertical lift fixed wheel type emergency gates for the openings of size 6.00m x
12.00m, are proposed on the upstream (upper reservoir) side of each power intake, to
facilitate repair and maintenance of service gates. Sill of power intake gates is proposed
at EL. 375.00m. The gates shall be designed as per the provisions contained in IS: 4622
for water head corresponding to FRL 414.50m. The emergency gate will have upstream
skin plate and sealing.
The gate shall be operated by rope drum hoist of adequate capacity, mounted on hoist-
bridge and steel trestles fixed at top of gate shaft EL 417.00m. The Rope drum hoist
shall be designed as per the provision contained in IS: 6938 (latest edition). The gate
shall be designed for closure by its own weight and dimensioned such that the self-
weight is sufficient to effect positive closure. If necessary, ballast can also be added to
gate for this purpose. Provision of removable guide in trestles will be made. The gate
will normally be stored on dogging beams on top of gate shaft EL 417.00m. Ordinarily
emergency gate shall be lowered under balanced head condition when service gate is
closed. While lifting also, it will be lifted under balanced head created by filling valve
provided in gate leaf. However, emergency gate shall be capable of closing under
flowing water conditions when intake service gate is under distress.
9.12.1.2 Primary Surge Shaft Gates & BFV
One common Primary surge shaft is proposed at the end of three Head Race Tunnels.
Two gates at the end of each HRT are proposed with two equal downstream openings in
each Tunnel with gate size 6m (W) x 12 m (H) thus total 6 gates are provided in the
upstream of Primary Surge Shaft.
Nine Butter Fly Valves are proposed in each pressure shaft in its horizontal portion near
inclined bend to isolate particular pressure shaft from primary surge shaft for inspection
and maintenance purpose.

9.12.1.3 Draft Tube Gates
Draft tube gates are provided for the purpose of isolating the pump-turbines for
inspection and maintenance, as and when required. The closing and opening of gate will
be done only in the condition when pump-turbine is brought to standstill.
Nine (9) vertical lift fixed wheel type gate (one for each opening) for a clear vent
opening of 7.80 m x 10.00 m are proposed to prevent entry of back water from tail race
tunnel side, entering the unit side during maintenance of the generating units. Invert
level of gate is proposed at EL. 270.00m. The overall arrangement and design of gate
shall be as per the provisions of IS: 4622.
The gate shall be designed to withstand hydrostatic head corresponding to upsurge at

EL. 335.00m in secondary surge shaft. Suitable bottom shape (lip angle) of the gate
shall be provided. These gates shall be fabricated from structural steel while gate bottom
lip shall be manufactured from corrosion and abrasion resistant steel.
Each draft tube gate shall be operated by an individual electric rope drum hoist of
adequate capacity mounted on steel trestles and hoist bridge structure, which is fixed at
top of the gate shaft at EL. 341.50 m. The gate shall normally be kept in full open
position when turbine is in operation. The gate will be closed for the maintenance,
inspection and repair work to prevent the flow into the draft tubes. The gate will be
lifted under balanced head conditions, to be achieved by the opening of filling valves
installed on the gate leaf for filling water in the draft tube. Gate maintenance is
proposed at deck level EL. 341.50 m.
9.12.1.4 Pump (TRT) intake gates
Three (3) Tail Race Tunnels (TRT) of diameter 12.0m are proposed for discharging
water into lower reservoir after generation of power during peak hours and to draw
water from lower reservoir while pumping of water back to upper reservoir during off-
peak hours. Each pump intake is divided in two openings by provision of an
intermediate pier. Two service gates and two emergency gates for opening of size
6.00m x 12.00m, are proposed in each TRT to stop the water flow from Lower
Reservoir.

Pump (TRT) Intake Service Gates
Two (2) vertical lift fixed wheel type service gates are proposed to cut off water flow
from lower reservoir into each TRT. Sill of pump intake gates is proposed at EL.
277.00m. The gates shall be designed for a water head corresponding to FRL 316.0m.
The service gate will have skin plate and sealing on the power house side. The gates
shall be designed as per provisions contained in IS: 4622.
The gate shall be operated by rope drum hoist of adequate capacity, mounted over hoist
bridge and steel trestles fixed at deck level 319.00m. The Rope drum hoist shall be
designed as per the provision contained in IS: 6938 (latest edition). The gate shall be
designed for closure by its own weight and dimensioned such that the self-weight is
sufficient to effect positive closure. If necessary, ballast can also be added to gate for
this purpose. Each pump intake service gate shall be operated under balanced head
conditions with the help of rope drum hoist of adequate capacity. Balanced condition
during raising cycle shall be created by crack opening the gate. These gates shall be
either fully open or closed. The gate will not be used for regulation of discharge.
Provision of air vent and removable guide in trestles will be made. The gate will
normally be stored on dogging beams on deck at EL 319.00m
Pump (TRT) Intake Emergency Gate
Two (2) vertical lift fixed wheel type emergency gates are proposed on the down-
stream (lower reservoir) side for closure of each TRT, to facilitate repair and
maintenance of service gate. Sill of pump intake emergency gates is proposed at EL.
277.00m. The gates shall be designed for a water head corresponding to FRL 316.00m,
as per the provisions contained in IS: 4622. The emergency gate will have skin plate and
sealing on the lower reservoir side.
The gate shall be operated by rope drum hoist of adequate capacity, mounted over hoist
bridge and steel trestles fixed at deck level 319.0m. The Rope drum hoist shall be
designed as per the provision contained in IS: 6938 (latest edition). The gate shall be
designed for closure by its own weight and dimensioned such that the self-weight is
sufficient to effect positive closure. If necessary, ballast can also be added to gate for
this purpose. Provision of removable guide in trestles will be made. The gate will
normally be stored on dogging beams on deck at EL 319.00m. Ordinarily it shall be

lowered under balanced head condition when service gate is closed. While lifting also, it
will be lifted under balanced head created by filling valve provided in gate leaf.
Emergency gate shall be operated with the help of rope drum hoists of adequate
capacity under conditions as stated above. However, emergency gate shall be capable of
closing under flowing water conditions when Pump (TRT) intake service gate is under
distress.
Trash Rack arrangement for HRT Intake and Pump (TRT) Intake:
Trashracks are proposed, at the entry of the both HRT and TRT. The trash rack shall be
designed as per IS: 11388. The trash racks shall be constructed from structural steel
conforming to IS: 2062 and bolted with the embedded parts. The embedded parts have
to be embedded and suitably anchored into 1st stage concrete. The openings of the trash
rack shall be decided as per the requirement of the machinery for both turbine and pump
operation. An automatic hydraulic trash rack cleaning machine (TRCM) shall be
provided at both HRT Intake and Pump Intake locations for cleaning of trash racks. The
TRCM shall run on the rails provided at the top of the pier and shall be able to serve
each trash rack bay. The TRCM shall also have suitable mechanism for taking the trash-
rack panels to the deck level for periodical inspection /maintenance.
9.12.1.5 Miscellaneous
Instruments, Remote Control and power:
One complete set of remote control system for the remote control operation of all
service gates along-with programmable computerized automatic reservoir monitoring
control system is provided in the main control room, in addition to individual operation
system provided at top of pier. The programmable reservoir monitoring and control
system shall include all necessary instrumentation required for monitoring and control
of reservoir including water level measuring systems, gate position indication
transducers, discharge measuring devices etc. The communication system shall be
through fibre optic cable. Diesel Generating Set Two numbers, three-phase synchronous
type diesel generating set of 500 KVA, 450 Volts, 50 Hz, one each for Left as well as
right side, are envisaged for the emergency operations of the HM equipments. The
diesel generating set shall be located in the control rooms to provide back-up supply to

gate operating equipments and for the computerized control system in case of power
failure.
Estimated Weights for Gates and Operating Equipment:
The tentative weight estimates based on preliminary calculations in respect of gates as

envisaged have been worked out and presented in the Annexure-I.
9.12.1.6 Materials
All the materials shall be of tested quality, new, unused, and free from defects and of
the grade/classification envisaged in the designs. The contractor shall furnish the test
certificate for each lot of material, if so required by the owner. Plates with laminations
discovered during welding or during inspection shall be rejected. Materials not supplied
according to the approved design/drawings shall be rejected, removed and replaced.
Approval of owner shall not relieve the contractor from the responsibility of supply of
suitable materials. Recommended materials for some of the components are appended
below:-
SI.No. Components / Articles Recommended B.I.S

Material Specification
A. Gates
1. Skin plate, stiffeners, horizontal/ Structural steel I.S: 2062
End vertical girders, Seal bases,
track bases, seal seat bases,
clamps, guides & guide shoes,
diaphragms, anchor plates and
anchorages. lifting lugs etc.
2. Seal seats Stainless steel lS: 1570 (Pt.V)
04 Cr 18Ni. l0
3. Track plates Corrosion resistant --do--
steel 20 Cr.l3
4. Wheels Cast steel/ Forged I.S: 1030/

steel I.S: 2004
5. Wheel pins/axles Corrosion resisting LS: 1570(Pt V)
steel

SI.No. Components / Articles Recommended B.I.S

Material Specification
6. Bearings Self aligning Reputed makes
Roller bearings I Self
lubricating bearings
7. Side & Top Seals Music note type IS:l1855

Rubber/ fluorocarbon IS:I5466
clad seals
8. Bottom seals Wedge type rubber IS:l1855
seal IS:I5466
9. Screws I bolts & nuts for fixing Stainless steel IS: 1570(Pt. V)
seals
10 Slide Block Aluminium IS:305
Bronze
B. Rope Drum Hoists
1 Wire ropes 6x37 construction I.s: 2266-1977
galvanized improved
plough steel
2 Sockets for wire ropes Forged steel I.S: 2485-1979
3 Rope drums Cast steel I.S: 1030-1989
4 Gears Cast steel Carbon I.S: 1030-1989

steel Forged steel I.S:1875-1992
I.S: 2004-1991
5 Pinions --------do---------- --------do-------
6 Sheaves /pulleys & couplings Cast steel I.S: 1030-1989

7 Shafts Forged steel I.S:2004-1991
9.12.1.7 Standard Codes
SI.No. Code No. Description
1 IS: 4622 Fixed Wheel Gates Structural Design Recommendations
Recommendations for Structural Design Criteria for medium

2 IS: 9349
and high Head Slide Gates

Design of rope drum and chain hoists for hydraulic gates code
3 IS: 6938
of practice
Guidelines for d esign a nd use of differen t types of rubber seals
4 IS: 11855
for hydraulic gates
Recommendations for inspection, testing and maintenance of
5 IS: 7718
fixed wheel and slide gate
6 IS: 14177 Guidelines for painting system for hydraulic gates and hoists
7 IS: 10210 Criteria for design of hydraulic hoists for gates
8 IS: 800 General construction in steel -Code of practice
Design Erection and Testing (Structural Portion) of cranes and
9 IS:807
hoists.
10 IS: 1893 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures.
11 IS: 456 Plain and Reinforced concrete -code of practice.
12 IS: 11388 Recommendations for Design of Trash Racks for Intakes

9.12.1.8 Summary of Hydro-Mechanical Equipments Annexure-1
Particulars Power Intake Power Intake Power Intake Primary Draft Tube Pump Intake Pump Intake Pump Intake
Trash Rack Emergency Service Gate Surge Shaft Gates Trash Rack Emergency Service Gate
Gate Gates Gate
Type of Gate Inclined & Fixed Wheel Fixed Wheel Fixed Wheel Fixed Wheel Inclined & Fixed Wheel Fixed Wheel
removable equipped with removable equipped with
filler valves filler valves
Number of 50 Sets (10 2 Nos. for each 2 Nos. for each 2 Nos. at each 9 Nos. 50 Sets (9 2 Nos. for each 2 Nos. for each
Gates panels in each Intake (Total 6 Intake (Total 6 HRT Outlet panels in each Intake (Total 6 Intake (Total 6
set) Nos.) Nos.) (Total 6 Nos.) set) Nos.) Nos.)
Size of
Opening (w x 3.70 x 34.0 6.0 x 12.0 6.0 x 12.0 6.0 x 12.0 7.80 x 10.0 3.70 x 31.0 6.0 x 12.0 6.0 x 12.0
h) in (m)
Skin Plate --- Upstream Downstream Upstream Power House --- Upstream Downstream
Location side
Seal Location --- Upstream Downstream Upstream Power House --- Upstream Downstream
side
Design Head 6.0 (Trash 39.50 39.50 60.50 60.0 6.0 (Trash 39.0 39.0
(m) Bars) Bars)
7.0 (Supports) 7.0 (Supports)
Sill Level (m) 371.0 375.0 375.0 354.0 270 273.0 277.0 277.0
Operating --- Balanced Unbalanced Balanced Balanced --- Balanced Unbalanced
Condition
Type of Hoist TRCM Electric RDH Electric RDH Electric RDH Electric RDH TRCM Electric RDH Electric RDH
Hoist Capacity 5.0 100 135 150 145 5.0 100 135
(t)

9.13 WEIR AT LOWER RESERVOIR
9.13.1 General
The Sileru Weir has been proposed at 7.2 km upstream of existing Donkarayi Dam on
Sileru River, a tributary of Sabari River for fulfilling the requirement of storage for
hydro power generation. Therefore, a need of reservoir with pond level of +316.0 m has
been proposed. Weir is located at 81° 51’ 10.96” E longitude and 17° 57’ 42.84” N
latitude on main Sileru River, Gudem Kotha Veedi mandal, Visakhapatnam District.
The Weir and its appurtenant structures are designed on the basis of standard design
criteria established for other weir / barrages and allied structures, already constructed on
the other River and its tributaries. The design criteria, including formulae, coefficients
and constants used in all hydraulic designs in the present study are based on prevailing
BIS and other relevant codes. Weir or low head dam is basically a barrier structure built
across a river that alters the river flow characteristics and can be stored water for
various purposes of irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, domestic water supply,
industrial water supply, etc.
In the present project, purpose of proposed weir is to store sufficient water for pumping
back to upper reservoir through water conductor system for hydro power generation.
Thus, an ogee spillway weir is proposed with a 5.5 m high rubber dam at the crest of
weir. The raised crest is connected to the horizontal floors on the upstream and
downstream sides by means of slopping glacis. The structure is protected against scours
during high flood by means of cutoffs at the ends of the floor extending to rock below
the floor.
In case rocky foundation is available at the bed level of the river or at very shallow
depths below the bed, the ogee weir can be founded on the same. In such cases, the
requirement of a downstream impervious floor is considerably reduced with, the energy
dissipation being achieved by throwing the discharge directly on the sound rocky
formations in the bed.

9.13.2 G-D Curve and Retrogression
Gauge-discharge curve plays a very important part in the hydraulic design of a diversion
/ storage structure. Normally, a statistically analyzed gauge-discharge curve is prepared
based on the observed values made available. If no such data is easily available, the
same may be worked out by Manning’s formula. This curve is the un-retrogressed G-D
curve to be used for waterway and freeboard calculations.
However, as a result of ponding up of river flow, relatively silt free water escaping over
the structure and progressive degradation or retrogression of levels takes place. This
lowering of bed levels in the early stages after commissioning of the structure, if not
duly taken care of, in the designs, it may result in failure of the structure, as the value of
exit gradient may be increased and the energy dissipation through hydraulic jump
impaired. Retrogression is low at high flood stages say 0.3m to 0.5m and high at low
stages of flow, say even 1.0m. Hence a retrogressed G-D curve is also drawn allowing
the retrogressions at higher and lower stages as above. The following points may be
borne in mind in this connection, while fixing the value of retrogressions:-
i) Retrogression is more in rivers carrying more silt

ii) The finer the bed material, the more is the retrogression
iii) The steeper the river slope, the greater is the retrogression
A retrogressed rating curve to be used in the designs for energy dissipation, protection
works, etc., may be obtained from the normal rating curve, by subtracting the
retrogression for various flood discharges, which can be taken to vary in a logarithmic
fashion between the design flood and low flood stages.
9.13.3 Design Flood
The design flood discharge may be estimated by any one or more of the following
methods:-
 Unit hydrograph
 Frequency analysis
 Slope area method
 Use of empirical formulae
 Use of flood curves

The design flood for any given return period is usually estimated by the frequency
analysis method. Appropriate type of frequency distribution will be selected from
among the following:
 Pearson & Log Pearson Type III distributions

 Gumbel’s Extreme Value distributions
 Normal & Log Normal distributions
A return period of 100 years is generally adopted in the design of important and costly
structures where possible consequences of failure are very serious. Accordingly, the
estimation of design flood will be carried out for various return periods of 100 years,
200 and 500 years subject to Client’s concurrence. However, the actual recorded peak
flood discharge will be reviewed for design if it exceeds the discharge calculated for the
concerned return period.
9.13.4 Waterway
The overall waterway between the abutments would normally be adjusted to the actual
width of the river at design flood level, in case of deep and confined rivers with stable
banks. For shallow and meandering alluvial rivers, generally the minimum stable width
‘P’ metres obtained from Lacey’s formula,
P = 4.75 Q1/2
Where Q is the design flood discharge in cumecs, is adopted for 1 in 100 yr flood. Ratio
of waterway available between the abutments to the Lacey’s stable width is known as
the ‘looseness factor’. Generally this varies between 1.10 and 1.50, though in a few
cases, this factor may be even less than 1.00, on account of site constraints.
While a low looseness factor, may result in higher afflux and greater intensity of
discharge, a high looseness factor may cause siltation of pond to occur with attendant
problems. Fixation of waterway of a barrage is therefore closely linked with various
parameters such as the discharge, cross section of the river at the location of the
structure, nature of bed materials, sediment content carried by the river, crest level
proposed to meet the pond requirements, permissible afflux etc.

9.13.5 Afflux
The rise in maximum flood level of the river upstream of the weir as a result of its
construction is defined as Afflux. Afflux, though confined in the beginning to a short
length of the river above the weir, extends gradually very far up till the final slope of the
river upstream of the structure is established. This rise in water level travels as a
backwater curve on the upstream. Afflux is required to be limited, due to the proximity
of the structure to populated or industrial towns or plantations situated on the banks or
cultivated fields and homesteads thereon. Further, the afflux created would determine
the top levels of the various components of the structure like, abutments, piers, wing
walls, afflux and marginal bunds etc. The afflux would also govern the energy
dissipation arrangements and its interrelated waterway provisions. Where the river is
well defined and the natural banks on either side are sufficiently high, to contain the
river during flood flows, the afflux created by the structure of low height may not pose a
problem. In case the diversion structure is high and the river has low banks, it is then
essential to fix a limit for such ‘afflux’ and accordingly design the crest and the length
of the structure.
In the design of barrages/weirs founded on alluvial sands, the afflux is limited to

between 3 and 4 feet - more commonly 3 feet. The amount of afflux will determine the
top levels of guide banks and their lengths, and the top levels and sections of flood
protection bunds. It will govern the dynamic action, as greater the afflux or fall of levels
from upstream to downstream the greater will be the action. It will also control the
depth and location of the standing wave. By providing a high afflux the width of the
barrage can be narrowed but the cost of training works will go up and the risk of failure
by out flanking will increase. Selection and adoption of a realistic medium value is
imperative.
9.13.6 Cut Offs
Cut offs are barriers provided below the floor of the structure both at the upstream and
downstream ends. These can be in the form of a concrete lug, sheet pile or concrete
diaphragm wall. Their main purpose is to lengthen the seepage path below the structure
and also to prevent piping action below the floor. The cutoffs on the upstream and
downstream end shall be continuous lines without break. Cutoffs in the transverse

direction known as cross cut offs are provided and these are properly joined to the
upstream and downstream cut offs so as to provide a boxing effect adding stability to
the different units. The depth of the cut off is as per hydraulic considerations as per BIS
Code 6966: 1989 (Part-I).
9.13.7 Energy Dissipation
In this case, good rock is available below the foundation of ogee weir, so exit gradient
consideration is not important.
9.13.8 Ogee Spillway
A spillway is a structure constructed in conjunction with weir, for effectively disposing

of the surplus water form upstream to downstream. Spillway is essentially a safety valve
and it must be properly designed structurally and hydraulically and must have adequate
capacity to dispose of the entire surplus water at the time of arrival of the worst design
flood. The water passing over the spillway and falling on the downstream side must not
be allowed to erode the downstream soil and hence arrangements must be made for
effectively dissipating the energy of the falling water. Ogee Weir spillway is designed
with a flood discharge of 16500 cumecs and detailed design is appened as Annexure-2.

Spillway Design Annexure-2
Design of Ogee Spillway
Data:
Span of a bay 100 m
Number of bays 6 no.
Clear Water Way 100 x 6 600 m
Length of the Barrage 620 m
3
Design Flood Discharge 16500 m /sec
Full Reservoir Level 316 m
Afflux 1.5 m
Maximum Water Level 317.5 m
Crest Level Assumed 311 m
Head Over Crest 6.5 m
Average Bed Level 288 m
Tail Water Level at Design Discharge 316 m
No. of Piers Assuming Width of Each Pier as 4.00 m 5
Thickness of Piers 4m
i) Effect of Approach Depth
Height of Crest From Bed, ' P ' = 23 m
Face of Ogee Crest Vertical
Head Over Crest Hd = 6.5 m
P/Hd = 3.54
As per BIS 6934-1998

Cd = 2/3* √2g*C
Where C is non dimensional discharge coefficient
For P/Hd 3.54
From Graph C = 0.74 MKS
Now Cd = 2/3* √2g*C= 2.19
ii) Effect of Head Due to Velocity of Approach Head
Velocity of Approach Va = 0.95 m/sec

Head Due to Velocity of Approach, ha = 0.05 m
The velocity head is adopted as it is greater than 0.01
(neglecting velocity of approach head)
Effective Head, He = 6.50 m
Total energy line Elevation 317.50
Crest Level Adopted = 311.00 m
iii) Effect of Submergence of Crest due to Tail water
Effective Head, He = 6.50 m

Difference of TEL - Tail water level = 1.50 m
Degree of submergence = h/H 0.23
Ratio of coefficients Cs/Cd = 0.9

Therefore, Cs = 1.97
iv) Effect of Apron Elevation on Discharge Coefficient
Stilling Basin floor level = 308.50 m

Pre-jump depth, D1 = 2.39 m
h = TEL - (Elevation of floor +D1) = 6.61 m
H= 6.50 m
Therefore, (h+D1)/H = 1.38
From Graph, Ca/Cd = 0.94

Therefore, Corrected Cd = Cd*Cs*Ca = 1.86
v) Effect of Heads Other Than Design Head
The crest is designed for full design discharge to avoid sub pressure along spillway surface. At discharge higher
than design head , some negative pressure may be expected, but they will be with in allowable limits.
At discharge less than the design discharge, the coefficient of discharge will be reduced proportionaly according to
(H/Hd) ratio.
vi) Effective Length of Spillway
Due to Piers and abutments , discharging length will be reduced

For Rounded Piers valu of Kp , = 0.01
For Rounded abutment with headwall at 900 to direction of flow, 0.1
Effective Length, Le = L - 2 (N*Kp+Ka)*He = 598.05 m
Intensity of Discharge = SPF / Le 27.59 cumec/m
3/2
Hence, Q = Cs *He *Le 18396.07 > Routed flood Discharge
Hence, Safe
Design of Stilling Basin for 100% Routed Flow
Effective Length of Spillway 598.05 m
Total Routed Flow at MWL (221.0 m) = 16500 cumecs

3
Discharge per meter width of spillway (q) = 27.59 m /sec/m
Reservoir Pool Elevation, MWL = 316 m
Tail Water Elevation = 316 m
Spillway Crest Elevation = 311 m
Reservoir Pool Elevation -Spillway Crest Elevation (H1) = 5m
Reservoir Pool Elevation - Tail Water Elevation,(HL) = 1.5 m

Velocity Head = 0.00 m
Total Head (H) = 1.50 m
Critical Depth, Dc = 4.27 m
HL/Dc = 0.35
From CBIP Publication No. 7, D1/Dc = 0.560
Therefore, D1 = 2.39 m
From CBIP Publication No. 7, D2/Dc = 1.63
Therefore, D2 = 6.95 m
Worked out floor level = 309.05 m
Provide Floor elevation 308.50 m
Provide horizontal basin with floor 308.50
Length of Jump Lj, 5*(D2-D1) = 22.82
say 50.00 m
Provide Solid End sill of 3 m height at the end.
Down Stream Profile

Hd = 1.50 m
1.85 -0.85
Y= =1/2*X *Hd
1/2*Hd0.85= 0.35424
1.85
Y= 0.35424 *X
Tangent Point Cordiinates

The slope of the downstream glacis 0.85 1
Horizontal Vertical
dy/dx = 1.18
X = 1.99 m
Y= 1.27 m
Up Stream Profile
The upstream profile is given by the equation as per IS: 6934-1998

Value of A1= 0.3825 (From graph)
Value of B1= 0.219 (From graph)
Equation of the Profile
X2/A12+Y2/B12 =1
Crest Level= 316.00 m
Upstream Batter Slope = 0.1
Foundation bed level = 288 m
UPSTREAM PROFILE
For A1= 0.3825 B1= 0.219
X Y R.L.
0.000 0.219 316.00
0.050 0.217 316.00
0.100 0.211 315.99
0.150 0.201 315.98
0.200 0.187 315.97
0.250 0.166 315.95
0.300 0.136 315.92
0.350 0.088 315.87
0.375 0.043 315.82
0.380 0.025 315.81
DOWNSTREAM PROFILE
0.00 0.000 316.000
0.10 0.005 315.995
0.20 0.018 315.982
0.30 0.038 315.962
0.40 0.065 315.935
0.50 0.098 315.902
0.60 0.138 315.862
0.70 0.183 315.817
0.80 0.234 315.766

0.90 0.292 315.708
1.00 0.354 315.646
1.10 0.423 315.577
1.20 0.496 315.504
1.30 0.576 315.424
1.40 0.660 315.340
1.50 0.750 315.250
1.60 0.845 315.155
1.70 0.945 315.055
1.80 1.051 314.949
1.90 1.161 314.839
2.00 1.277 314.723
Annexure-3
Head loss calculation for the Project
Unit
Design discharge Q cumec 1651.54
Acceleration due to gravity g m/s2 9.81
Manning's 'n' value for concrete n - 0.0140
Manning's 'n' value for Steel n - 0.0100
Discharge in HRT/ TRT Q m3/s 550.51
3
Discharge in penstock m /s 183.50
1) Head loss in Trash rack

(Ref: IS 11388 Clause:7.1)
Net area/Gross area R - 70%
Head loss- ht =kt (v02/2g) k = 1.45 - 0.45R - R2
Assumed Velocity through trash rack v0 m/s 1.50
Trash rack loss coefficient K - 0.645
Head loss in Trash rack ht m 0.074
2) Head loss in Bell mouth KxV2/(2xg)

Velocity at Bell mouth section V m/s 4.61
Loss Coef. for square bellmouth entrance Ken - 0.16
Head loss in Bell mouth entrance HL m 0.173
3) Gate slot loss KxV2/(2xg)

Gate Loss Coefficient Kg - 0.10
Velocity at gate section V m/s 4.61
No. Of Gates (Service + Maintenance) N 2.00
Head loss in Gate slot HL m 0.217
2 2 4/3
4) Friction loss in HRT n xv xl/R
(Ref: IS 4880 Clause:4.1.1)
Diameter of HRT d m 12.00
Cross sectional Area of HRT A sq.m 119.42 119.4226
Wetted Perimeter of HRT P m 37.70
Length of concrete lined HRT l m 2763
Hydraulic radius R m 3.1678
Discharge in HRT Q cumec 550.51
Velocity in HRT v m/s 4.610
Friction loss in concrete lined HRT HL m 2.474
5) Bend loss in HRT KxV2/(2xg)

Radius of Bend R m 900
Diameter of the tunnel D m 12.00
Angle of bend α °deg 70
R/D - 75.00
Coefficient of Bend loss K - 0.080
Velocity in HRT v m/s 4.610
Head loss in Bend HL m 0.087
Annexure-3
6) Transition loss upstream of Surge shaft Kx(V12-V22)/(2xg)

Diameter of HRT before transition d1 m 12.000
Velocity before transition v1 m/s 4.610
Width of section aftet transition w2 m 12.00
Depth of section after transition d2 m 12.00
Area of section after transition A2 m2 144.00
Velocity after transition v2 m/s 3.823
Length of transition L m 12.000
Cone Angle radians 0.204
Loss coefficient Kt - 0.51
Head loss in Transition HL m 0.016
7) Exit loss from HRT to Surge shaft KxV2/(2xg)

Exit loss Coefficient K - 1.000
Velocity in HRT after transition v m/s 3.823
Head loss HL m 0.745
8) Entry loss from Surge shaft to pressure shaft KxV2/(2xg)

Loss Coefficient for bell mouth entry K - 0.160
Velocity in pressure shaft v m/s 6.490
2 2 4/3
9) Friction loss in Pressure shaft n xv xl/R
Diameter of pressure shaft d m 6.00
Length of pressure shaft l m 391
Manning's 'n' value for steel n - 0.0100
Cross sectional area of pressure shaft A m2 28.27
Wetted Perimeter of pressure shaft P m 18.85
Friction loss in Pressure shaft HL m 0.959
10) Bend loss in pressure shaft KxV2/(2xg)

Bend 1
Radius of Bend 1 R m 18
Diameter of the pressure shaft D m 6.00
Angle of bend α °deg 52.00
R/D - 3.00
Bend 2
Diameter of the pressure shaft D m 6.00
R/D - 3.00
Annexure-3
Total Head loss in Bends HL m 0.043
11) Butterfly Valve (PPV) loss KxV2/(2xg)

Valve Loss Coefficient K - 0.25
Velocity at valve section v m/s 6.49
Head loss in valve HL m 0.537
12) Transition loss - Reducer Kx(V1-V2)2/(2xg)

(Ref: IS 2951)
Diameter before reducer section d1 m 6.00
Cross sectional Area before reducer section A1 m2 28.27
Velocity before reducer section v1 m/s 6.49
Diameter after reducer section d2 m 5.20
Cross sectional Area after reducer section A2 m2 21.24
Velocity after reducer section v2 m/s 8.64
Length of reducer L m 6.00
Head Loss coefficient K - 0.10
Head loss in Transition HL m 0.024
13) Spherical Valve (MIV) Loss KxV2/(2xg)

Valve Loss Coefficient K - 0.05
Diameter of MIV D m 5.20
Cross sectional Area at MIV A m2 21.24
Velocity at valve section v m/s 8.64
Head loss in Valve HL m 0.190
2 2 4/3
14) Friction loss in Draft tube tunnel n xv xl/R
Cross sectional Area of Draft tube A sq.m 96.00
Equivalent Diameter of Draft tube d m 11.06
Wetted Perimeter of Draft tube P m 34.73
Length of concrete lined Draft tube l m 77
Discharge in draft tube Q cumec 183.50
Velocity in draft tube v m/s 1.912
Friction loss in concrete lined Draft tube HL m 0.014
15) Gate slot loss (Draft tube gate) KxV2/(2xg)

No. Of Gates N 1.00
16) Exit loss from Draft tube tunnel to Surge shaft KxV2/(2xg)
17) Entry loss from Surge shaft to TRT KxV2/(2xg)

Loss Coefficient for bell mouth entry K - 0.160
Annexure-3

2 2 4/3
18) Friction loss in TRT n xv xl/R
Diameter of TRT d m 12.00
Cross sectional Area of TRT A sq.m 119.42
Wetted Perimeter of TRT P m 37.70
Length of concrete lined TRT l m 2485
Discharge in TRT Q cumec 550.51
Velocity in TRT v m/s 4.610
Friction loss in concrete lined TRT HL m 2.225
19) Bend loss in TRT KxV2/(2xg)

Bend 1
Diameter of the TRT D m 12.00
R/D - 31.25
Bend 2
Diameter of the TRT D m 12.00
R/D - 31.25
Total Head loss in Bends HL m 0.087
20) Gate slot loss (Pump intake) KxV2/(2xg)

No. Of Gates (Service + Maintenance) N 2.00
21) Exit loss from TRT to lower reservoir KxV2/(2xg)

22) Head loss in Trash rack

Net area/Gross area R - 70%
Head loss- ht =kt (v02/2g) k = 1.45 - 0.45R - R2
Velocity through trash rack v0 m/s 1.50
Trash rack loss coefficient K - 0.645
Annexure-3
Head loss in Trash rack ht m 0.074
Total Head Loss m 9.959
Say 10.000 m
CHAPTER-X
ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL DESIGNS
Chapter.10: E&M Designs 10-i PFR

CHAPTER-X
TABLE OF CONTENTS

10.2 Electro-Mechanical Equipment 10-3
10.2.1 Pump – Turbine 10-3
10.3 Main Inlet Valve / Butter Fly Valve 10-15
10.4 Cooling Water System Arrangement (For Generator, Turbine & 10-17
Transformers
10.5 Motor – Generator 10-18
10.6 Static Excitation System 10-23
10.7 Starting of Units as Pump 10-23
10.8 Power Transformers 10-26
10.9 400 KV GIS Switchyard 10-28
10.10 Control & Protection System 10-29
10.11 Auxiliary Mechanical Services 10-32
10.12 Auxiliary Electrical Services 10-36
Chapter.10: E&M Designs 10-i PFR

CHAPTER-X
10.1 INTRODUCTION
The Upper Sileru Pumped storage hydroelectric project will have an installation of 1350
MW consisting of 9 units of 150 MW each reversible Pump- turbine units driven motor-
Generators to maximize benefits by making available of Peaking power based on the
regenerating the water between the two reservoirs based on the available water and
operating heads in the two reservoirs. The design head is 92.69 m and the design
discharge is 183.5 cumecs per unit. For the above parameters and the reasons indicated
in Chapter-VIII of CEA Guide lines, Power Potential & Installed Capacity; Vertical
Francis reversible Pump- Turbines are selected.
The power House proposed is of surface type. All the Auxiliary equipment such as
generator and turbine auxiliaries, MV and LV switchgear equipment, Transformers,
Gas Insulated switchgear, firefighting system equipment etc. were placed in the
Annexure floors as detailed below.
The approach into the Power House for men and material is from EL 295.70m through
Main Access Tunnel (MAT).
Power house approach level & Erection bay- EL + 295.70m

Erection bay and machine hall floor has been kept at EL.295.70m and shall be accessed
through MAT.
Machine hall- EL + 295.70 m

Excitation system, Unit control panels, Starting Isolator panel, VCB, are proposed to
be placed on the machine hall floor.
Generator floor- EL + 290.30 m

Generator auxiliaries equipment, LAVT cubicle, Ex transformer, Dynamic Braking
cubicle along with tap off busduct, Unit auxiliary boards shall be installed in this floor.
Turbine floor- EL + 286.00 m
Chapter.10: E&M Designs 10-1 PFR

All the turbine auxiliaries such as compressors and tanks, Pressure receivers and
controllers of Governor and MIV shall be placed in this floor. Drainage and Dewatering
pumps along with emergency submersible pumps are also be placed in this floor. The
access to turbine pit is from turbine floor.
Cooling Water system- EL+278.50 m

Cooling water booster pumps along with its valves and strainers will be place in this
floor.
MIV floor- EL + 274.00 m

Pressure pumping sets for Governor and MIV shall be placed in this floor. MIV along
with its servomotor foundations are proposed in this floor.
Control Room Floor- EL + 325.00 m

Main control room, DG sets, 11 KV Out door switchgear room and transformer bay in
the Annexure are located in this floor.
SFC equipment along with its breaker panels, Reserve Boards, Dry type 11KV/415V
auxiliary supply transformers will be placed in the annexure area of the machine hall
floor.
Transformer Bay- + EL 330.00 m

Single phase units of 65 MVA, 400/13.8KV each- 3Nos. per unit, 125 MVA Bus
reactors - 2 nos., 20/25 MVA, 400/11KV Station transformers shall be placed on this
floor which is annexure to Machine hall. The transformers can be moved on tracks for
erection, Assembly and also for carrying out the maintenance of transformers. The rail
track will be provided upto the full length of transformer hall.
400 KV Gas insulated switchgear floor- +EL 337.50 m

400 KV GIs for units, lines, reactor& station transformer feeders shall be placed in this
floor. It contains Double bus and starting Bus with incoming GIS duct from
Transformer HV through Oil to SF6 Bushings and Line feeders with SF6 to Air
Bushings connecting at POTHEAD Yard.
POTHEAD YARD- EL +348.50 m

Necessary Boundary metering equipment and line protection CVT and CT’s along with
Line isolator with earth switch are placed and the line termination with Gantry structure
for 4 Nos. feeders to enable to interconnect with APTRANSCO lines for Power
evacuation.
Suitable Ventilation along with ducts as required will be provided to all the locations
with a ventilation system designed for complete power house and located at EL 330.00
m.
Necessary Fire hydrant protection system with all required items covering the entire
area inside and outside of the power house is considered.
2 nos. DG sets of 1000KVA shall be provided to meet the Emergencies.
EOT Crane for Unloading bay – 1 no. and for erection 2 nos. and for GIS equipment
floor- 1 no. are being provided.
Necessary hatches with protecting covers will be provided as required for MIV,
material handling for different floors.
10.2 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
10.2.1 Pump - Turbine
Pump-Turbine Description
Francis type of reversible pump turbine motor generator units are proposed to be
installed in this power station.
Described are single stage pump- Turbines with guide vanes with vertical shaft and
spiral casing embedded in concrete. All removable parts as runner, main shaft, guide
bearing and head cover can be removed from above. The pump is designed with one
guide bearing located close and above the impeller. The units are suitable for
continuous operation as pump as well as Turbine. The pump- Turbines shall include all
associated auxiliary equipment, including Governor controller, OPU system for
Governor controller, Main inlet valve, lubrication system, cooling water system, water
and air piping with necessary instrumentation, auxiliary pump-motor sets, control and
safety devices etc. and common equipment like compressed air system complete with
all accessories, drainage and dewatering system pumps with necessary piping, valves
etc. mandatory spares, as well as special tools and plant as per standard specifications
and requirements, whether they are specifically mentioned in this or not.

The chosen hydraulic design is based on an existing / proven model and model test
conducted.
i. Type:
The Pump-turbines will be of vertical shaft Francis type, directly coupled to the
generator, with adjustable guide vanes by means of oil pressure supplied from the
governing system. The main parameters of the turbine are as under:
ii. Operating Heads and Outputs:

The Pump Turbine operating Parameters are:
Upper reservoir levels:

a. Full Reservoir level-(FRL) 414.50 m
b. Minimum draw down level (MDDL) 406.75 m
Lower reservoir levels:

a. Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 316.00 m
b. Minimum Draw down Level(MDDL) 306.00 m
Head Loss with 1 unit running 2 units running 3 units running

In each tunnel
a. Turbine mode - - 10.00 m
b. Pump mode 3.47 m 5.67 m 9.32 m
Operating head Range

As turbine
a. Maximum head 108.50 m
b. Rated head 92.58 m
c. Minimum head 90.75 m
As Pump
a. Maximum head (net) 118.00 m
b. Rated head 112.00 m
c. Minimum head 94.20 m
Turbine basic data

a. Rated output at rated head of 92.69 m 150 MW

b. Specific speed 190 rpm
c. Rated speed 166.67 rpm
d. Setting of turbine EL. 281.5 m
e. Turbine discharge 183.5 cumecs
Pump basic data

a. Rated Input at rated head of 112.0 m 169 MW
b. Specific speed 61 rpm
c. Rated speed 166.67 rpm
d. Rated Pump discharge 137 cumecs
Pump Mode
Head in Discharge Power in Efficiency in %
mtrs in cumecs MW
Rated 112.00 137 169 Average greater
Maximum 118.00 132 170 than 91%
Minimum 94.2 164 173
Turbine Mode
Head in Discharge Power in Efficiency in %
mtrs in cumecs MW
Rated 92.58 183.5 150 Average greater
Maximum 108.50 - - than 90%
Minimum 90.75 - -
iii. Specific speed and Synchronous speed:

a. Specific speed: 190/61 rpm
b. Synchronous speed: 166.67 rpm
iv. Runner:
a. Runner diameter: 5.60 m
b. Distributor axis Level: EL +281.5 m
v. Speed and Pressure rise:

a. Max Speed Rise: 50%

b. Max Pressure Rise: 35 %
vi. Turbine Setting:

Keeping in view the minimum possible tail water level of +306 m, the centre line of
turbine is proposed to be set at +281.5 m. This gives a submergence of 24.5 metres
which will be adequate under all conditions and modes of operation.
vii. Model Tests:

Model test shall be performed by the manufacturer as per IEC 60193 or any other
equivalent standards to demonstrate the efficiency and other guarantees as per
requirement. Hydraulic performance tests shall be made to determine machine
characteristics with number of wicket gate openings. Values of unit torque and unit
discharge shall be plotted against unit speed. These tests shall include determinations
of capacity, efficiency, cavitation limits, hydraulic thrust, runaway speed etc., and shall
be in accordance with relevant IEC or other equivalent test codes. Cavitation limits of
critical sigma shall be determined from the model test.
The manufacture of prototype pump- turbines shall be commenced on attaining the

guaranteed results.
The pump-turbines are to be designed to make available of the units and the units can
be changed from one mode of operation to other in minimum possible time. The
proposed response time shall be as given below.
Response
S. No. Mode of operation time in Remarks
seconds
1 Standstill to Turbine full 150 Loading of the unit from no load to full
load load will be in 20 seconds after
synchronisation
2 Turbine full load to 200 Deloading of the unit from Full load to
Standstill no load will be in 20 seconds

3 Standstill to pump full 330 The unit can be kept in Pump condenser
load mode in between at no load and load as
pump in less than 120 seconds
4 Pump full load to 180 The unit can be kept in Pump condenser
standstill mode in between at no load in less than
120 seconds and can be kept back as
pump as and when required
5 Turbine full load to 600
Pump full load
6 Pump full load to 240
Turbine full load
viii. Major assemblies of Turbine:
Foundation parts Consisting of the following:
Stay ring
It shall be fabricated from welded steel plates and have set of streamlined stay vanes.
Two properly shaped strong guide rings shall guide the water to the guide apparatus.
The top ring shall be designed to carry the top cover and the pit liner and the lower ring
to carry the pivot ring. Strong streamlined stay vanes shall rigidly tie the two rings
together. Weld preparation shall be made at works for field welding to spiral casing at
site. Tapped grout holes shall be provided in the lower plate of stay ring to facilitate
placing of concrete under the ring. These holes shall be plugged after the concreting.
Two/one stay vanes shall have holes to drain the top cover leakage water by gravity.
The drain pipe shall be connected to embedded drain pipe.
Spiral casing
The spiral casing shall be fabricated from steel plates in minimum number of section
with a view to keep welding at site to the minimum feasible within the limitation of
transport and handling. It shall be designed to withstand maximum operating pressure
including water hammer. The spiral casing shall be pressure tested at site. Necessary
piezometer tapping for flow measurement shall be provided. Weld length of stay ring
spiral casing joints, Tee joints, circumferential joints and longitudinal joints shall be
ultrasonically tested.

Spiral Inlet Pipe

The inlet pipe/ make up piece shall be fabricated from steel plate for welding to spiral
casing on one end and other end shall be provided with suitable flange for fixing to
Dismantling Joint to the Butter fly valve. The inlet pipe shall be of constant diameter.
The inlet pipe shall be provided with a manhole and cover. The manhole shall be
outward opening type. A small test cock shall be provided in the manhole. A take-off
flanged connection for draining the spiral case and inlet pipe in the draft tube with
valves and piping are to be provided. A grill shall be welded on the drain opening in
the inlet pipe. Suitable piezometer tapings equally spaced around the pipe for
measurement of net head shall be provided.
Pit Liner (upper)

It shall be fabricated from steel plates in sections for welding together and to stay ring
at site. It shall be sufficiently ribbed to prevent deformation. Necessary brackets,
anchors, pockets for pipes and fittings etc. shall be supplied. The pit liner shall extend
upto bottom of Generator-motor barrel. It shall be welded on to stay ring/spiral casing.
An opening for the entrance to pit shall be provided. Platforms, floor plates, walkways,
ladders, handrails (as required) etc. are to be envisaged.
It shall also be provided with strong and rigid pockets for guide vane servomotors.
These being also anchored in concrete and capable to transmit the servomotor thrust
load in to the concrete.
Draft tube cone

It shall be of structural steel plate heavily reinforced by ribs and bolted to the pivot ring.
The lower end shall be suitably designed to be bolted to the draft tube bend liner.
The cone shall be provided with a hinged rectangular manhole door for access to a
platform for inspection and repair purposes. A test cock shall be provided below the
manhole to determine whether the water level in the draft tube is below the sill of the
door.
Suitable off take for connection of pressure / vacuum piping to top cover and gauges
shall be provided. Suitable piping connections shall also be provided around for
admission of air during water depression uniformly. A vertical water box with suitable
valves and flanges and water level gauge and 4 Nos. of level electrodes are to be

provided for automatic water depression of runner during starting of machine as pump
in quick and full auto start-up.
Draft tube bend liner

The draft tube bend liner shall be fabricated from structural steel plates, in suitable
number of sections to facilitate transportation and handling. The bend shall be provided
with adequate stiffening ribs, erection brackets, holding down bolts, anchor rods,
turnbuckles etc. for anchoring the liner securely into the concrete and for levelling in
place.
Adequate number of holes for free passage of air and grout, whilst the liner is being
concreted, shall be provided. The extent of the liner shall be up to a point as mentioned
in the water path drawings i.e. upto the water velocity is 5 m/sec. The liner shall be
assembled and match marked in the shop before shipment for convenience of proper
assembly and alignment at site. A drain box for dewatering the draft tube with two nos.
suitable long stem valves and common dewatering pipe shall be supplied.
Impeller
The impeller shall be of stainless steel integral cast/ cast welded construction. (13%
chromium and 4% nickel) or Material: A743 CA6NM acc. ASTM).
The impeller vanes shall be accurately ground using suitable templates so as to make
the contours homologous with the corresponding model test impeller. The impeller
shall be designed and constructed to safely withstand, without damage, the stresses
resulting from running at the maximum runaway speed under conditions of maximum
operating head. The impeller shall be statically balanced. Replaceable labyrinth rings,
at upper rim and lower rim shall be provided Removable split rings made of stainless
steel are mounted between the outer diameter of the impeller and the stay ring.
Pump Turbine shaft

Pump-Turbine shaft shall be of forged carbon steel and machined all over. Shaft shall
have integral flanges at both ends, one for bolting to the impeller and other to the
Generator-motor shaft. An integrally forged collar shall be provided forming the guide
bearing journal. The collar shall be polished to a fine finish. The material of the shaft
is of carbon steel, forged, welded and tubular hollow design. The flange of the turbine
shaft will be designed to match with the flange of the generator shaft. It will also be

designed to withstand vibration and distortion at the maximum operating/ runaway

speed.
A polished corrosion resistance removable and renewable sleeve shall be fitted to the
shaft where it passes through shaft seal and gland. The impeller and shaft shall be
designed to withstand the maximum runaway speed attained at the maximum net head
in both the directions.
Shaft stuffing Box and Shaft Seal

To prevent leakage of water through the gap between the shaft and Top cover, sealing
shall be provided below the guide bearing. This sealings shall also prevent air leakages
when water depression system in service during starting of the units as pump and also
during Condenser mode of operation (Both Pump condenser and Generator condenser
mode). The sealing elements shall be used against the Shaft Sleeve/wearing ring. The
whole assembly shall be supported on a fabricated steel support in halves, bolted to the
top cover. Two sets /layers of segmented carbon seals with suitably loaded by spring
and one set of Resin seal shall be provided to have effective sealing in all modes of
operations including Water depression condition with Air. Filtered water shall be
supplied at a suitable pressure between the rings to check the entry of dirty water from
below. This also helps in cooling and lubrication of the seal. Suitable fine mesh filters
shall be provided to filter the water as per cooling water system.
The maintenance seal of Pneumatic rubber U type profile is to be provided to seal off
the shaft during maintenance work when the Machine is in shut down. In order to
activate the maintenance seal, the profile is inflated by air pressure and presses onto the
sealing surface of the cover.
Guide bearing
Shall be of submerged, self-oil lubricating, pivoted pad type, with external / internal
Plug in type cooler arrangement. The bearing shall be situated above the shaft gland as
close to the impeller as possible. The guide bearing is located above the impeller and
bears the radial thrust of the Pump-Turbine.
The bearing shall permit sufficient vertical movement of the impeller and shaft to allow
for adjustment of the Generator-motor thrust bearing. Bearing pads shall be individually

adjustable, bolted to the support ring, lined with white metal and easily dismountable.
Pads shall be provided with thermometer pockets.
Oil sump of the whole bearing shall be arranged for continuous oil circulation while the
pump-Turbine is in operation. The guide bearing shall be designed such that the normal
working temperature of metal does not exceed 600c.
The bearing shall be capable of being operated safely for at least 15 (fifteen) minutes
at runaway speed with cooling water supply intact.
Top cover
As the Diameter is envisaged of higher size the Top cover is in suitable parts.
Outer top cover

It will accommodate the Guide vane stem bearings/ Bushes and support the operation
of Guide vanes. Top cover shall be of welded structure. The Outer top cover shall be
machined for bolting to the stay ring and bored for the upper guide vane stem bearing
housings. Machined flanges to support the inner top cover and regulating ring shall be
provided.
Inner Top Cover

The Inner top cover shall have access for assembly and dismantling of the shaft gland.
The Inner top cover shall be machined for bolting to the outer top cover inner edge. It
shall have the machined flange to fix the Guide Bearing housing. Any leakage of water
through shaft on to the top cover shall be collected in a drain box / two drain boxes
provided diametrically opposite on the stay ring for gravity draining through the stay
vanes.
An air inlet piping fixing flanges at suitable locations around the top cover to enable
uniform air admission for water depression to well below the runner chamber shall be
provided.
Piping provision in the top cover shall be provided for runner top and bottom pressure
balancing by certain operating conditions which to be connected to Draft tube chamber
with suitable valves.
Hydraulic operated Air admission, Air makeup and air release valves and Piping system
shall be provided on the Top cover for Air admission to depress the water of the runner

chamber for smooth start as PUMP and to keep the machine in condenser mode prior
to loading as required.
Pivot/ bottom ring

The pivot ring shall be fabricated in suitable transportable sections from steel plates.
The ring shall be bolted to stay ring/DT cone. Self-lubricated bearing bushes shall be
housed in it for the lower stem of guide vanes.
Set of guide vanes

One set of guide vanes to regulate the flow of water to change the speed/ load shall be
provided.
Guide vanes shall be of cast stainless steel with integral stem. Guide vanes shall easily
turn in self-lubricated bushes in top guide vane housing and in pivot ring. Each guide
vane shall be provided with a thrust collar to carry the weight of the vane and to resist
any upward thrust.
Necessary arrangements shall be made for easy adjustment and maintaining the vertical
clearance of the guide vane.
Guide vane stem seals

Each guide vane shall be provided with upper seal of moulded synthetic rubber/ PTFE
cup Seal located in recesses machined on guide vane housing. A rubber/ PTFE Cup seal
shall also be provided for the lower bearing of the guide vane.
Guide vane regulating gear assemblies

The guide vanes shall be coupled to the regulating ring by means of levers and linkages
capable of withstanding normal operating forces without distortion. Shear pins shall be
provided and designed to fail in the event of a foreign body becoming wedged between
the vanes.
All moving parts of the turning mechanism shall have self-lubricated bushes. Stops
shall be provided to prevent the movement of the guide vanes beyond the fully open
and closed position. The simultaneous movement of all the guide vanes is achieved
with the regulating ring mounted on inner top cover moved by guide vane servomotors.

Guide vane servomotors

Two double acting oil operated servomotors shall operate the guide vanes. The
servomotors shall be fabricated from steel plates. The cylinder shall be accurately bored
and machined for mounting on the corresponding machined surface of the pit liner/
spiral casing. The servomotors shall be complete with piston, piston rings, stuffing
boxes, connecting rods, pins etc.
These servomotors will be operated by Oil pressure lines controlled by Microprocessor

based Servo valve Governor.
Governor
The Governor will be of PLC based digital electro hydraulic type using microprocessor
technology with a sensitivity of 0.01%. The speed governing will be performed by
combination of the proportional, integral and derivative actions and by non-linear
characteristics. Necessary transient analysis will be conducted on the hydraulic system
to obtain the operating timings of the Governor for programming the same for safe
operation of the machine in all modes of operation.
ELECTRICAL GOVERNOR CABINET

Microprocessor based Digital Governors having Free Governor mode and Restricted
Governor Mode Operating facilities with selection including Electrical and Mechanical
control cabinets, toothed wheel generator, servomotor opening & closing feedback
system shall be considered.
The Governor shall be designed to control the wicket gates in both PUMP and Turbine
mode of operation.
The governor will control the flow of water to the turbine to match the load by adjusting
the positions of the guide vanes.
The governor shall be adaptable for use in an unattended station with automatic start-
up/shutdown, automatic synchronizing, automatic load frequency control of the
turbines in operation.
Safety devices capable of shutting down the turbine when the oil pressure falls or the
actuator drive fails, at the same time operating the alarm signals and providing signals
to SCADA.

The output of Generator Voltage transformer shall be used as one of the signal source
for speed sensing.
The electronic cabinet shall comprise redundant regulating equipment governor.
HYDRO MECHANICAL CABINET

Hydro Mechanical Cabinet shall comprise of the following mechanisms:-
1. Servo / Proportional valves for Guide Vane operational control

2. Distributing valves
3. Feedback mechanism such as LVDT’s for GV
5. Built in Emergency closing valve (both Electrical and Mechanical operated)
6. Control oil piping
Oil Pressure System (OPU):
OIL PRESSURE VESSEL
The capacity and the pressure rating of the oil pressure vessel shall be sufficient to meet
all the pressure oil requirements of the governor, guide vane servomotors and even
below its machine shut down oil level. It shall have an oil volume capable of performing
3 full operations that is close-open-close, with the governor oil pumps being out of
operation without reaching the very low trip oil level. The oil pressure vessel shall be
equipped with Pressure switches for automatic starting/ stop of oil pumping, a gauge
for indicating oil level in the tank and Pressure relief valve.
Oil Sump-Tank and Pumps for Governor

Two nos. screw type oil pumps shall be provided and located on the tank top itself, one
serving as main and other as standby, A set of smoothly operating unloader valve, non-
return valve and safety valve shall be provided to regulate the oil level.
Governor OPU system control panel

Control panel for local, automatic and remote operation of Valve and OPU system shall
be provided with necessary controls, interlocks, feedbacks and instrumentation required
to control from station SCADA.

10.3 MAIN INLET VALVE / BUTTER FLY VALVE
Each Pump-Turbine is provided with a Butterfly valve to act as a main inlet valve in
order to achieve quick closing to cut off the water supply for the Turbine in the event
of any machine tripping on a lock out fault. The oil pressure operated butter fly valve
or through flow type valve shall have maximum capacity to allow maximum flow of
pump-Turbine discharges. The valve will be designed to withstand the maximum of 2
times the design head or pump shut off head, whichever is higher. The Butter fly valve
will be of plain door type with rubber seals designed to open under unbalanced
conditions and close against full flow in emergency. The Butter fly valve shall be
normally opened and closed by hydraulic system and also have backup closing system
with dead weight for closing during emergency. The opening and closing time of the
valve shall not be more than 60-150 seconds, including the operating time of bypass
valve with normal operating pressure.
Hydraulic operated Bypass valve along with isolating valve is provided across the
Butterfly valve for smooth operation of the valve with pressure balance condition using
a differential pressure switch and auto operation scheme.
a) Size and Body:

The Size of the Butter fly valve proposed is 5200mm in line to the delivery diameter of
spiral outlet. Valve body shall be fabricated of rolled steel plate, welded structure or
made of steel casting. Both ends of the valve body shall be provided with self-lubricated
bushes and cup seals for trunnions and stainless steel sealing ring for the main seal. The
valve shaft shall be horizontal type and the bearings shall support the full weight of the
valve disc and shaft, and assure smooth opening and closing operations. The bearings
shall be lubricated with PTFE.
b) Valve Disc:
The valve disc shall be made of carbon steel casting or fabricated of rolled steel plates.
The disc shall be supported by forged steel trunnions through the disc. On the peripheral
surface of the disc a rubber ring shall be provided to seal off leakage together with a
stainless steel seat provided on the valve body inner surface.

c) Dismantling Joint:
The Joint shall be of Telescopic type and located on downstream of valve (between
Main inlet valve and Spiral case inlet) facilitating dismantling of valve during
maintenance. The joint between the valve and the delivery line shall be accomplished
with movable slip-type flanges and bolted.
d) Butterfly Valve Operating Mechanism:

Butterfly valve operating mechanism shall consist of servomotor rod, link and lever.
Servo Motor of double acting type comprising of fabricated steel cylinder with covers,
piston and pressure oil system will be provided in a complete shape. The cylinder and
head of servomotor shall be made of carbon steel casting or rolled steel for welded
structure. The servomotor piston shall be made of carbon steel casting. The operating
mechanism including that for the bypass valve shall be provided with manual locking
devices which can lock both the inlet and bypass valve when they are closed.
e) Oil Pressure Vessel for Butterfly Valve:

The capacity and Pressure rating of the oil pressure vessel shall be sufficient to meet all
the pressure oil requirements of the valve, even below its close/ open position’s oil
level. It shall have an oil volume capable of performing 3 full operations that is close-
open-close, with the oil pumps being out of operation.
f) Oil Sump-Tank and Pumps for Butterfly Valve:

Two nos. screw type oil pumps shall be provided and located on the tank top itself, one
serving as main and other as standby. The standby pump shall automatically start on
failure of the pump in service.
The pumps shall be with pressure switch control and with a set of smoothly operating
unloader valve. Non-return valve and safety valve shall be provided to regulate the oil
level.
g) Valve and OPU system control panel:

Control panel for local, automatic and remote operation of Valve and OPU system shall
be provided with necessary controls, interlocks, feedbacks and instrumentation required
to control from station SCADA.

Required pressure switches, level switches, position switches, gauges, meters and
Transducers as per the requirement for total auto and remote operation shall be
provided.
h) High Pressure Compressed Air System for Governing and Valve OPU system:
Two sets of compressed air systems with inter connection isolated valves required for
the governor oil OPU system and Main inlet valve OPU system will be provided.
Compresssors and pressure air receivers are suitably sized. Necessary controls and
protection shall be envisaged for auto start stop of the compressors as per the pressure
switch settings.
i) Medium Pressure Compressed air system for water Depression system:

Three sets of compressed air systems with inter connection isolated valves required for
the Air supply required for the water depression of units will be provided. Each set of
Medium pressure compressed air system will be capable to supply Air pressure
requirement of three units for one depression. Each Compresssors and pressure air
receivers are suitably sized that each set can build back the pressure required in less
than one hour. Necessary controls and protection shall be envisaged for auto start stop
of the compressors as per the pressure switch settings.
j) Low Pressure Compressed Air System for Brakes, Isolating seal, Maintenance
Purpose:
Two sets of compressed air systems with inter connection isolated valves required for
the Brakes, Isolating seal and maintenance purpose will be provided. Necessary
controls and protection shall be envisaged for auto start stop of the compressors as per
the pressure switch settings.
10.4 COOLING WATER SYSTEM ARRANGEMENT (FOR GENERATOR,

TURBINE & TRANSFORMERS)
For each unit the cooling water required for Bearings cooling, shaft seal, Stator, OPU
and transformers etc. shall be tapped from the Penstock with suitable valves and
Strainers and Dissipators shall be envisaged to supply water at required pressure along
with all instrumentation.

Cooling water required for the unit have to be tapped from intake through valves, and
strainers and shall be returned to the Draft tube after the coolers. Fine strainers required
for shaft seal cooling water shall be provided. The cooling system shall be so designed
that back flushing shall be possible by reversing the direction of flow of cooling water
to avoid clogging of cooler pipes.
Special considerations –
All embedded pipes shall be seamless pipes of thickness of next higher rating than
specified as per the IS standards for that requirement and application but not less
than 10 mm. All Valves used in water system in the power house area must be of
cast steel valves with raising stem only.
10.5 MOTOR - GENERATOR
i. Type of Generator:
The Motor - generator will be of Synchronous vertical shaft salient pole type, 3 Phase,
50 Hz conforming to the latest edition of IS 4722 or IEC 34 or any other equivalent
international standards directly coupled to the turbine shaft.
TYPE AND RATING:

1. Type : Vertical shaft, alternating
current synchronous machine
2. Rated output as Generator : 150 MW
3. Rated input power of motor at rated : 169 MW
voltage and frequency, at rated head
and discharge
4. Power factor : 0.9 Lagging/leading.
5. Speed : 166.67 RPM
6. Rated frequency : 0 Hz. +/-3 %
7. No. of phases : Three (3)
8. Rated terminal voltage between phases : 13.8 KV +/- 10%
9. Range of voltage variation : +/- 10%
10. Range of frequency variation : 48.5 Hz to 51.5 Hz.

11. Combined variation shall be limited : +/- 10%

12. Short circuit ratio : Shall be greater than 1.00
13. Saturated direct axes transient : Shall not exceed 30%
reactance
14. Direct axis sub transient reactance : Shall not be less than 15 %
15. Inertia constant : Shall be greater than 3
16. Bearing arrangement : Suspended type
Motor-Generator shall be star connected and the main and neutral leads shall be brought
out of the stator frame for connection to isolated Phase bus duct. The motor- generator
shall be grounded though a suitable rating distribution transformer grounding device,
to limit the ground fault current to less than 10 (Ten) Amps while delivering rated
output.
The motor- generator shall be rated for higher output corresponding to the pump
maximum discharge at the minimum net head but shall not be more than 110% of the
rated input at rated voltage, frequency and power factor. The hydro generator shall
deliver continuously the rated MVA at rated power factor when operating under rated
conditions with temperature rise / temperatures not exceeding Class - B values,
stipulated in the latest issue of the IEC 60034-1.
ii. Insulation And Guaranteed Temperature Rises:
Insulation of the motor shall be provided as follows:

a) Stator winding : Thermo setting Epoxy resin of Class-F insulation.
b) Rotor winding : Thermo setting Epoxy resin of Class-F insulation.
With a maximum cooling water temperature of 30° C. the motor- generator shall be
capable of delivering rated output to pump continuously at any voltage and frequency
in operating range and rated power factor without exceeding the following temperature
rise over a maximum ambient Temp of 45° C .
a) Stator winding : 85° C above ambient
b) Field winding : 95° C above ambient
c) Bearings by embedded : 70° – 80° C above ambient

iii. Type of Cooling:
The Motor-generator will be provided with a closed re circulating cooling system

complete with air ducts, water cooled surface air coolers, water header, metal housing,
alarm devices, flow indicators, manually operated isolating valves and all other
accessories. The coolers will be placed symmetrically around the stator.
iv. Noise level:
The noise level of the generator will be limited to 90 db when measured at a distance
of 1m from any component of the generator.
v. Major assemblies of Motor-Generator:
a. Stator:
i. Construction:
The stator frame will be of welded steel structure. The core will be built up with low
loss high silicon, grain oriented steel laminations. The windings will be of class-F
insulation with temperature rise limited to class-B insulation. Provision will be made
on the main (Phase) side & neutral side of the Motor-generator for mounting of required
no of CTs for AVR, protection & metering.
b. Rotor:
Rotor shall be of salient pole type construction. The rim of the rotor will be constructed
out of laminated sheet steel having radial ventilating ducts located along the lengths &
bolted together to make a compact structure. The hub of the rotor will be securely
attached to the main shaft taking care of requirements both at normal operating speed
and at maximum runaway speed conditions. The rotor spider will be of fabricated
construction with arms radiating from the central hub. The pole insulation will be built
up of thin laminations secured by insulated bolts passing though supporting end plates.
Fans will be provided at the bottom and top of the rotor poles. The field windings will
be of class-F insulation with temperature rise limited to class-B insulation. A low
resistance damper winding of copper shall be provided on all the poles near the upper
surface of the pole shoes to dampen rotor oscillations when a sudden load change
occurs. The damper windings shall be strong enough to withstand all the electrical and
mechanical stresses occurring during operation.

c. Collector Rings and Brushes:

The collector rings will be insulated from the shaft system by epoxy glass laminates
and spaced sufficiently apart.
d. Brakes and Lifting Jacks:

The Motor-generator will be designed for frequent start / stop operation. The generator
will be provided with suitable air operated brakes to bring the rotating parts of the
turbine and generator to a stop within few minutes after the brakes are applied.
e. Generator Housing:
RCC Generator barrel will be provided for housing the generator.
f. Shaft:
The generator shaft will be made of high quality manganese steel, properly heat treated
and will be accurately machined all over and polished at the bearing surfaces and at
accessible points for alignment checks. An integrally forged flange will be provided at
the bottom of the shaft for connecting to the turbine shaft flange. The shaft coupling
will comply with the requirements of IEEE-810 specifications. The shaft will be earthed
through a brush gear assembly to avoid eddy currents flowing through the shaft.
g. Brackets:
Top and bottom brackets will be provided to house thrust and guide bearings. The
brackets will be of fabricated steel construction. The thrust bearing bracket will be
designed to support the hydraulic thrust from the turbine in addition to the combined
weights of the rotating parts of the generator and turbine. The bracket arms will be
designed to rest on mild steel sole plates grouted into the concrete foundations.
h. Thrust and Guide Bearings:

Generator bearings shall be designed for combined thrust and axial loads. The thrust
bearing will be of pivoted pad configuration.
The Guide Bearings will be of self-lubricated pivoted pad type consisting of a row of
white metal pads arranged on a support ring to bear on a journal surface.
The Babbitt metal lining for all bearing pads (thrust & guide bearings) will be of
sufficient thickness and of suitable grade to ensure long life of operation. Arrangement

shall be provided to measure the insulation of the generator bearing with the machine
in operation.
i. H.P. Lubrication system

The thrust bearing will be provided with a high pressure lubricating system with
redundant pumps to force sufficient supply of cool oil between the Thrust runner and
the thrust pad during starting to enable smooth starting of the unit by creating a positive
thin film of oil over the pads and similarly during stopping of the unit.
The high-pressure oil system shall be arranged to come into operation automatically
during starting and stopping of the generator.
j. Over Speed Device:

An over speed device (hydro mechanical) with both electrical & hydraulic action
independent of governor will be provided.
k. Heaters:
Space heaters will be provided for maintaining stator surrounding air temperature above
the ambient during prolonged shutdown period.
l. isolated phase busduct:

Each Motor- generator will be provided with 13.8 KV, 10000 Amps continuously rated
isolated phase and tap off Bus Ducts, along with associated equipments like neutral
grounding transformer, neutral grounding resistor, PT & SP cubicles.
The continuous type isolated phase bus duct system will connect the Motor-generator
to generator transformer, with tap off connection to Dynamic breaking Cubicle,
Excitation transformer, PT and SP cubicles and an extension of tap off connection to
Starting Equipment (SFC) isolator panel. Formation of Delta Configuration at single
phase Generator transformer terminals will be done with suitable arrangement of Bus
duct enclosures.
4 sets of suitable CT’s for protection, metering and AVR requirements will be provided
in the Bus duct connected in the phase and Neutral side of Motor- generator.
PT and SP cubicle shall consist of suitable Draw out type Voltage transformers for
protection, metering and AVR requirements along with Fuses and Circuit Breakers.

Surge capacitors and lightning arrestors are mounted in this cubicle to safe guard the
motor- generators.
10.6 STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM
Microprocessor based excitation system with thyristor control will be provided to suit
the Motor-generator characteristics for each unit. The AC power required for the
excitation will be tapped from the Motor-generator terminal, stepped down by means
of rectifier transformers and rectified by fully controlled thyristor bridges and then fed
to the Motor-generator field thereby controlling the generator voltage output. Any
change in the generator terminal voltage will be sensed by an error detector and cause
the voltage regulator to advance or retard the firing angle of the thyristors thereby
controlling the field excitation of the generator. Redundant DVR with auto and manual
channels in each and redundant thyristor bridges of 100% rating will be provided.
The excitation system for each unit will consist of the following:
a. Dry type Excitation transformer
b. A set of Thyristor converters of suitable numbers such that even in case of ONE
bridge failure, the remaining bridges shall cater to the maximum continuous and
ceiling current requirements.
c. Field flashing (both AC & DC) for excitation start up.
d. Field breaker and field discharge and suppression equipments.
e. Digital Automatic voltage regulator with auto and manual channels with all
standard limiter functions.
f. Aux Excitation system with Transformer, Connecting Breakers taking input
from station Aux supply source for initial excitation during SFC starting in
motor mode of operation.
10.7 STARTING OF UNITS AS PUMP
Starting of the units in motoring mode:

Static frequency convertor type of starting is proposed to be adopted for starting of the
units in motoring mode. Keeping in view, the large number of units and to enable staring
of all units in a short time, two sets of S.F.C. equipment will be provided.

Provision is also proposed for back to back starting of the units (at 400KV voltage). A
common starting bus with Phase reversing isolators etc are provided.
The schematic layout enclosed illustrates the arrangement.
Starting of the Pump – turbine units as pump will be done in two methods
1. Back to Back starting

2. SFC Starting
Back to Back starting

In back to back starting it is proposed to start the units as pumps with Unit 1, Unit 5 and
unit 9 as generators to limit the complexity in automation.
The Runner of the Unit being started as pump will be Dewatered and this unit will be
interconnected through Starting Bus at 400 KV by selecting the respective isolators as
per drawing. The selected unit as Generator (any one of Unit-1/5/9) will be connected
to starting Bus by closing its Circuit Breaker. After switching the excitation to the Rotor
of both the units connected to Starting Bus the guide vanes of the Starting Generator
will be opened to get the rated speed and Voltage. On synchronization of the unit
selected as pump the Generator will be isolated by opening of Circuit breaker. After
release of air from runner the Pump will be loaded by opening of its guide vanes to the
required. This enables smooth starting of Pumps.
Due to the large sizing of the machines and the fault level is on high side on 13.8 KV
level it is preferred to have starting system at 400 KV side. The size and cost of 13.8
KV Phase reversal isolators and GCB is high due to the high fault level capacity. Hence
in order to economizing the power house size and cost, it is proposed to have the starting
scheme in 400KV due to compactness.
SFC Starting
Mainly to the extent possible the units will be started in back to back starting mode.
The last unit has to be started individually through SFC equipment. SFC equipment
works as a Variable frequency and variable voltage principle having converter and
inverter equipment and starts the unit as motor from the additional Station supply source
transformers (20/25 MVA). All the equipment will be provided to start any unit as pump

from any of the SFC provided as redundant. SFC supply will be extended to the unit
proposed for stating through Breaker and Isolator at 11/13.8 KV level by providing a
starting Bus at 13.8 KV side also.
Details of Equipment
Two (2) sets of Static Frequency Converter (SFC) systems are considered to have
redundancy of starting equipment as this starting equipment is common for all 9 Units
in the Power station. Starting equipment shall be suitable to start the units as pump-
motors smoothly with impeller in dewatered condition and without inrush current. The
Pump-motor shall be soft started and reach its rated speed within 5 minutes. It shall
include the necessary transformers, H.T switchgear and all the control equipment
required.
The isolator cubicles shall be provided with 2 Nos. Circuit breakers for incoming
feeders and 9 Nos. outgoing feeders one for each unit. The system shall be suitable to
start one pump at a time.
The power circuits of panels (13.8 KV system) starting system shall be designed so that
it can with stand system fault currents during starting of pumps.
SFC System Configuration

SFC shall be combination of Thyristor bridges with an intermediate D.C link reactor. It
shall include first bridge named Network Bridge (NB) connected with a source
transformer, and the Second Bridge named Machine Bridge (MB) that connects to the
motor stator terminals through necessary switchgear and step up transformers.
The converter can be high-high type or 12/12- pulse type, two converters are connected
by a DC reactor which is necessary for the current source type SFC.
Breakers/Switches
The SFC system is equipped with input breakers and output breakers. A bypass switch/
breaker shall be installed as output transformer is configured.
Transformers
SFC system shall consist of Transformers at the input (11 KV) and output (13.8 KV) of
the frequency converter to match the network voltage and motor voltage to the

permitted converter voltages. They reduce the harmonics injected into the network,
limit the fault current inside the frequency converter and provide the required phase
shifting in case of 12-pulse configurations.
10.8 POWER TRANSFORMERS
a. Main Motor-generator-Step-up transformer:

Each unit will be provided with three numbers of 65 MVA, 13.8/400 kV, 1 Ph OFWF
type with on load tap changers. The 13.8 kV terminal of the transformer will be directly
connected to the generator unit by metal enclosed isolated Phase bus Ducts on formation
in DELTA connection. The terminals of HV side of the transformer will be connected
to the 400 KV GIS through Oil / 400 KV SF6 Gas Bushings. The transformers will be
equipped with necessary protective equipment and relays. OFWF cooling piping and
valves are provided for full auto operation.
b. Station supply Transformers:

Two nos. 20/25 MVA, 400 / 11 kV, 3 Ph OFWF type with on load tap changers will be
provided for station supply application and Starting application of units as pumps. The
terminals of HV side of the transformer will be connected to the 400 KV GIS through
Oil/ 400KV SF6 Gas Bushings. The LV side terminal of the transformer will be directly
connected to 11 KV Metal clad switch gear through 11 KV XLPE HT Cables or Busduct
of required size. The transformer will be equipped with necessary protective equipment
and relays.
c. 400 KV BUS REACTORS

2 Nos. of 400 kV, 125 MVAR Shunt Reactor (Bus) with all accessories, fittings
including Gas-in-oil incipient fault monitor are to be provided.
All the 400 kV transformers/ reactors will be provided with

a. Online condition monitoring equipment like TRANSFIX to monitor the moisture,
dissolved/ evolved gases in the transformer.
b. Fire protection of transformer through Mulsifier system.
c. Fire protection of transformer through Nitrogen injection system.

d. Additional Station supply Transformer -2:

One 7.5 MVA, 33 / 11 kV, 3 Ph ONAN type will be provided as an additional source
tapped from nearest 33 KV substation of APGENCO. The LV side terminal of the
transformer will be directly connected to 11 KV Outdoor substation switch gear
cubicles through 11 KV XLPE HT Cable Necessary AB switches, Earth switches,
Surge arrestors along with necessary structures and PT and CT’s shall be provided.
e. Aux supply Transformers for Powerhouse:

Four nos. of 2500 KVA, 11KV/ 415 V, 3 Ph ONAN type, Dry type cast resin
transformers with off load tap changers with copper winding and with Enclosures for
indoor application will be provided for meeting the auxiliary supplies of the power
house. The power supply to this transformer is tapped from 11 KV Indoor switchgear
cubicles. The LV side terminal of the transformer will be directly connected with 3000
amps LV Bus duct to LT switch gear Reserve Boards panels.
f. 11 KV OUTDOOR SUB STATION/11KV panels

The 11 KV sub-station at outdoor shall consists of incoming sources with breakers from
7.5 MVA transformer of APGENCO supply and 2 nos. 1000 KVA DG sets and
outgoing supplies with breakers to indoor 11KV panels and other local feedings such
as colony supplies and with one bus coupler in the configuration. All the controls and
protections are provided for isolation on fault and communicate to SCADA system.
g. 11 KV INDOOR PANELS
The 11 KV Indoor panels shall consists of incoming sources with breakers from 20/25
MVA transformers and from 11KV outdoor substation and outgoing supplies with
Breakers to 2.5 MVA auxiliary supply transformers and with one bus coupler in the
configuration. All the protections are provided for isolation on fault and communicate
to SCADA system.
10.9 400 KV GIS SWITCHYARD
In order to reduce the huge land acquisition in the forest area 400 KV Gas insulated
switchgear is proposed instead of conventional 400 KV switchyard, GIS is of Indoor
type and placed in the Power house Area above the transformer floor.

Gas insulated EHV. Switchgear will be installed with suitable isolation arrangements.
The Motor- generator transformer circuit breakers, Isolating and earth switches, CTs,
Surge arrestors and PTs etc., will be located in this area.
This GIS shall receive 400 KV supply from 9 Nos. Motor-Generator Transformers and
shall feed to (4) four feeders. Two 400/11KV station transformers and two Bus reactors
with one in each bus section is considered. Bus sectionalisation with bus couplers are
provided.
Additionally one starting Bus with sectionalizer is provided along with isolators earth
switches etc. used for starting of the Units as Motors.
All the GIS and its equipment shall be designed and suitable for 63 KA fault current for
3 seconds.
400kV Gas Insulated Substation having two nos. of main bus and one no. Starting Bus
with Bus sectionalizers are envisaged.
The proposed single line diagram for 400 KV / 13.8 and 11 KV / 415 V Switchgear is
as indicated in drawing.
The 400 KV GIS is proposed above the Transformer floor.
The GIS shall consist of

1. Motor-Generator bays - 9 Nos.
2. Bus coupler bays - 2 Nos.
3. Bus sectionalisers - 2 Nos.
4. Line /Feeder bays - 4 Nos
5. 400/11KV station supply transformer Bays 2 Nos
6. CVT bays - 4 Nos
7. Bus Reactor bays - 2 Nos.
In addition to the above, POTHEAD YARD 400 KV outdoor equipment for power
evacuation are also being provided with the following details.
1. 400 KV Lighting Arrestors - 12Nos.
2. 400 KV CTs 2000-1000/1A for boundary metering - 12 Nos.
3. 400 KV CVT’s for boundary metering and protection - 12 Nos.
4. 400KV Isolator with earth switch motor operated - 4 Nos.

5. Gantry structures for Power evacuation arrangements
10.10 CONTROL & PROTECTION SYSTEM

A. Protection:
Protection scheme will be designed to ensure that no area is left unprotected
Each set of Motor-Generator, Generator Transformer and associated equipments and
auxiliary transformers will be provided with the following protection functions and in
the following configuration.
i. Motor- Generator:
Two nos. numerical integrated multi-functional Motor- Generator Protection Relays as
Main-I & Main-II of two different makes providing all the Protection Functions shall
be provided.
Necessary logical functions of polarity reversal of current measurements in pump/

generator mode of operations will be considered. All necessary time delay functions
required for any of the above protections will also be derived as part of the numerical
relay scheme.
ii. Motor- Generator Transformer:

Two Nos Numerical integrated multi-functional Generator Transformer Protection
Relays as Main-I & Main-II of two different makes covering all the protections in
redundant shall be provided.
iii. Station Transformer (ST):

Two Nos Numerical integrated multi-functional relay provides the following
protections for each Transformer covering all the protections in redundant shall be
provided. Auxiliary functions are also considered.
iv. Auxiliary supply Transformers:

a. Back up over current and earth fault relays with High set instantaneous element
: 51U/50U, A-B-C
b. Unearthed delta Bus ( 11KV) system will have Neutral Displacement relays in
every area to protect and isolate on earth faults
v. Bus bar protection:

Main-1: Numerical Low Impedance Distributed/ Centralised Architecture BUSBAR

Scheme (87BB1)
Main-2: Numerical Low Impedance Distributed/ Centralised Architecture BUSBAR
Scheme (87BB2)
Main-I & Main-II shall be of Different Manufacturer/ Different make either star
topology or Redundant Ring Topology.
vi. Line protection:

Each line is provided with:
Main-I and Main-II Numerical distance Scheme (with Backup IDMT Earth Fault
Protection) (21+67N) Protection suitable for use with permissive under-reach and over
reach transfer tripping. Relay shall have continuous self-monitoring & diagnostic
feature. Main-II Numerical distance protection of different make and measuring
technique to that of Main-I. Directional earth fault feature shall be available in both
Main I and Main II distance protection relays.
Capable of single & Three Phase Tripping and shall have carrier inter tripping facility.
vii. 400 KV Bus Reactor Protection:

Bus reactor Directional over Current & Earth Fault Protection with high set feature
HV side 400 KV Side (67 P+N).
B. Controls & Instrumentation:

The computerized control and monitoring system shall be of distributed type built up
on the following components:
1. HMI - Workstations/ Engineering stations/ Servers/ plant computers for
programming and central control and supervision of the power plant.
2. Unit level controllers for units U1 to U9 - 9 sets.
3. One bay control unit suitable for 9 nos. Penstock intake gates of units.
4. One station Auxiliary controller.
5. One 400 KV (GIS) switchyard controlling system.
6. GPS clock with Antenna for time synchronization (Time Synchronization Unit with
Time Display Unit and ability to extend time synchronizing signals to all the
protection relays, LCUs, and equipment in the power house and GIS switchyard).

7. Gateway control PC and Modem for data transfer to LDC/SRLDC through PLCC
(For gateway, it shall communicate with State load Dispatch Center (ALDC/SLDC)
on IEC 60870-5-101 protocol. And Provision for expandable to IEC 104 protocol.
2 Ports for ALDC/SLDC.
8. A common Large Video Screen Display system (with 8 Nos. 67 inch displays to be
mounted as a Two tier (2 X 4)) operable from OWS/EWS for display of mimics and
data as desirable.
9. A large video display screen with CCTV circuit for monitoring different locations
of power house areas. (Large Video screen: 67” SXGA+ Display Technology: DLP,
single chip 0.95” DMP 12”).
Provision for Remote control of the station i.e., units and feeders control from other
station / load dispatch center through standard communication networks and protocol.
High speed Dual Communication network allowing the data interchange between the
controllers and the central control room system.
HMI station shall have

a. four operator/ work stations with 25’’ TFT screen for man-machine interface
b. one stationary and one portable Engineering stations for diagnosis, programming,
debugging etc.,
c. 5 Nos. of printers including Hard copy unit
d. Control desk/consoles and furniture required for printers, OWS, EWS, Servers and
chairs
The centralised computer system shall have facilities for:

a) Alarm, Group, Bar chart, Trend curve, Profile, Plant schematic & Mimicic display
Functions
b) Alarm log, Post Trip log, Trend log, Plant status logs Recording Functions
c) Maintenance log, Hourly /Daily log, Shift log, Calculation Supervisory Functions
d) System Customization Start up and maintenance
e) Storage of Data
Local control unit (LCU) shall consist

I/O cards, output and other relays, Temperature and other parameter recorders,
indicating instruments redundant CPU, redundant power supply, redundant
communication etc.
The controllers of the control system shall have OPC compatibility and shall be able to
readily integratable to the OPC compliant devices.
Control for start/stop, emergency shutdown of the machine /equipment locally with a
provision of MIMIC and illuminated push buttons on the front panel with necessary
interlocks or through 19” Tough screen HMI provided on the front panel of the LCU
and from operator/work stations in control room in generating mode with provision to
choose Local / Remote control selection through Locable L/R Switch.
Each auxiliary shall have a local control board near the device with necessary controls,
indication, interlocks and protection i.e., overload relays, voltage and current meters,
control switch for start/stop, MCCB/HRC fuses for incoming supply, indications,
interlocks required for the process, single phase preventer etc., with feedbacks and
control input signal provisions from SCADA.
Sequential starting, stopping, interlock logics, mechanical protection logic will be by

micro-processor based unit sequencer control panel. Auto sequenced operation from
stand still to synchronizing and loading and manual starting by operation of individual
drives will be done from sequencer.
10.11 AUXILIARY MECHANICAL SERVICES
1. EOT Cranes:
a. The Unloading & erection bay at elevation EL 295.70 shall be provided with 2 Nos.
of EOT cranes of 225/40 T capacity as the maximum weight to be handled is the
assembled rotor expected to be of 400 Tonnes. These cranes are used for erection
of all the equipment.
Two cranes for lifting of the Heaviest Assembly in Tandom operation with lifting
beam will be provided. The type of cranes shall be of M5 duty class Indoor type
Main and Auxiliary Hoists, Long and Cross Travel motions shall be provided with
VVVF drives to enable even micro operations in all the main motions.
b. One EOT crane of 10 T capacity be installed in GIS hall.

The crane shall be confirmed to high standards of engineering, design,

workmanship and shall also conform to IS 807 and 3177 with latest amendments.
2. Work shop Equipment:

It is proposed to provide one work shop in the Power House with one number general
purpose lathe, one number radial drilling machine, cutting machines and with other
general purpose tools & tackles. It is proposed to provide a service air compressor for
general purpose cleaning.
3. Test Laboratory:
A testing laboratory is proposed for meter, relay and testing of transformer and bearing
oil, HV test kits and insulation testers.
4. Drainage & Dewatering:

a) Dewatering System:
Two nos. Suitable capacity and sealed type dewatering sumps are provided on either
end of the Power house. Dewatering sumps shall be of sealed type sumps. During any
maintenance of units the water in the Draft tube and spiral has to be dewatered after
isolation on both sides by closing the inlet valve and DT gates of that unit. The delivery
of DT drain valves are connected to these dewatering sumps. In order to avoid any
flooding of Power house during unit dewatering sealed type sumps are to be envisaged.
Adequate quantity and capacity of dewatering pumps will be provided for each sump
suitable to dewater of one unit in less than 8 hours. Interconnection of sumps with
isolating valve shall also be provided to meet the emergency requirement. Delivery of
pumps shall be to the tail race.
b) Drainage system:
Two nos. Suitable capacity open type drainage sumps are provided on either end of the
Power house. All the seepage from walls and floors, Flushing pipe discharges, fire
extinguishing discharges will be routed to Drainage sumps through drains. To meet any
emergency these sumps are inter connected to Dewatering sumps through isolating
valves for early dewatering of the Power house area. Adequate quantity and capacity of
drainage pumps will be provided for each sump suitable to dewater the seepage water
collected in less period. Delivery of pumps shall be to the tail race.

The equipment for each of the dewatering and drainage system shall comprise motor
driven vertical turbine pumps/ submersible pumps, associated piping, valves, float
switches, suitable controls, accessories etc. The motors shall be suitable for 415 V, 3
Phase 50 Hz, AC supply and rated for continuous duty. They shall be suitable for
continuous starting and stopping duty. The motors shall be in complete form with their
star/ delta or Soft starters, over load protection and single phase preventing devices,
level switches, control gear for starting and stopping automatically through the contacts
of adjustable level sensing devices to be installed in the sumps.
The location of dewatering motors shall be generally above Turbine floor elevation. All
the control/starter panels of the Dewatering and drainage pumps shall be located above
the Generator- Motor floor to meet in all contingencies.
In addition to above dewatering and drainage pumps 4 Nos. submersible pumps along
with suitable starter panels shall be provided to meet the Emergency requirements i.e.
to use in case of requirement of flooding of power house.
5. Air Conditioning & Ventilation:

Machine hall, All floors, Transformer and GIS area of the power house will be provided
with cooled air ventilation by circulating chilled water from chiller plant to maintain
temperature in the power house complex and other areas at less than 300 C with 65%
RH and the control room areas shall be provided with air conditioning to maintain less
than 250 C with 55% RH. Adequate exhaust fans shall be installed to maintain air
changes as per standards.
6. Oil Handling System:

Oil handling systems for lubricating oil pertaining to Turbine – generator units will be
provided with centrifugal type purifiers along with valves, pipes and tank.
Oil handling system for insulating oil of transformers will be provided with vacuum
filters/ purifiers along with valves, pipes and tank.
7. Fire Protection System:

a. Generator Transformers, station supply transformer and Bus reactors shall be

protected with NIFPS (Nitrogen Injection Fire Protection System) for prevention
against the transformer explosion which shall use nitrogen as quenching medium
type of Fire protection system. In addition, mulsyfire system also be provided.
b. Mulsyfire system is proposed for generators to protect against accidental fire.
c. Fire Hydrant system with fire hydrants to be located at the specified locations all
over the Power House. The system shall be complete with piping, fire hose cabinets,
fire hose and all other accessories. Fire hydrant pumps, lines, deluge valves and
service over head tanks will be provided to take care of accidental fire inside Power
House and around.
d. Portable Fire Extinguishers both wall mounting type and tyre mounted type of CO2,
Foam and DCP type are provided.
e. Smoke / Heat detectors to be placed in the specified area to generate automatic
alarm in case of fire to indicate the zone under fire.
f. Linear Heat Sensing Cable shall be laid in the control cable-duct to sense the zone
under fire.
8. Lifts:
2 (Two) Nos. ‘13’ passenger traction type lifts with lifting capacity 884 Kgs each
excluding the weight of car shall be with variable voltage (V3F) drive controller and
operating speed shall be 1 m/sec.
The Traveling distance is from the Turbine floor of Powerhouse to GIS floor are
envisaged.
9. Draft tube gates:

Individual hoisting mechanism shall be provided for draft tube gate of each unit for
quick closing under unbalanced condition of water pressure.
10.12 AUXILIARY ELECTRICAL SERVICES
a. A.C. auxiliary services

It is proposed to provide four numbers, resin cast dry type, three phase transformer of
rating 2500 KVA, 11/0.415 KV, with off load tap changers. The HV side of the
Transformer will be connected to 11 KV metal clad switch gear through a required size
11 KV XLPE Cables. The LV side of the transformer will be connected to 415 volts LT
Switch (Reserve) boards through LV Busduct or with suitable size 3½ core, 1100 volts
grade cable.
The LT System shall be as per the LT Layout Drawing enclosed.
The Incoming feeders from the supply source are connected to reserve boards and these
shall be provided with electrically operated draw out type air circuit breaker of 4 pole,
3 phase, 415 volts, specified capacity, 50 KA/sec. short circuit capacity and shall have
shunt trip facility with built in static type adjustable thermal over load and short circuit
protection with suitable high interrupting capacity etc. These Air circuit breakers can
be able to be operated from local /remote with necessary interlocks in full auto
operation through station auxiliary controller.
Reserve Boards (RB) will feed Station auxiliary Boards (SAB) and unit auxiliary
boards (UAB). Station auxiliary Boards (SAB) will feed all the common station
Auxiliary Loads. Each unit auxiliary board will feed unit auxiliaries of two units with
redundant source inputs.
Each load shall be fed through MCCBs of suitable capacity as required.
Each Auxiliary Control Panel supply shall be fed from UAB/SAB and shall be fed to
pumps such as OPU pumps of oil Servomotors of Governing system, Main inlet valve,
cooling water pumps, etc. The panel shall contain soft starters or Star/ Delta starters
with minimum protection ‘3’ phase over current relays, Earth fault relays, temperature
relays, oil pressure relays etc.
Some Important loads are fed from AC emergency board to meet the emergency
requirements.
b. D.C. auxiliary services

It is proposed to provide 2 sets of float and float cum boost battery chargers to take care
of station loads and emergency lighting. Two sets of 800 AH capacity Lead Acid type
PLANTE station batteries rated at C10 discharge will be provided.

One DC distribution board along with Sub-Distribution boards required for unit wise
and area wise will be provided.
2 sets of 24 V DC Lead Acid type PLANTE Batteries of minimum of 800-Ampere Hour

or suitable higher capacity shall be provided if necessary, for other application such as
SCADA and controls etc. The battery shall be able to support the complete load for a
period of 20 hrs without AC supply.
Lead Acid type PLANTE battery and Float and Float Cum Boost charger for each
battery set with static control circuits and Thyristor bridge rectifiers with complete
automatic voltage, current regulation shall be provided.
c. Station Ups System and ACDBs

It is proposed to provide 2 sets of 20 KVA or higher capacity suitable for the following
requirements.
100% redundant UPS system with SCVS bypass with static switches which shall be
able to meet the loads of main control (SCADA) and HMIs and any instrumentation
and other loads. The UPS battery shall meet the UPS load for One hour back-up in case
of AC supply failure at rated load of UPS.
Power House emergency lighting load shall be considered on the UPS system. ACDB
with required no of feeders for SCADA, controllers, Emergency lighting with suitable
MCBs, fuses and indicating lamps shall be provided.
d. Power & Control Cables, Cable Trays, Laying and Termination

i. 11KV UE XLPE copper/ Aluminum cables for 400 / 11 KV Station
Transformer to incomer VCB of 11 KV Indoor panels, from 11 KV Outdoor
Sub-station to 11 KV Indoor panels and from indoor 11 KV panels to Auxiliary
transformers and Isolation transformers with FRLS PVC outer sheath.
ii. 650/1100 V Grade, unarmored & armoured FRLS (Fire Retardant low smoke)
PVC insulated copper control cables of 0.5 to 6 sqmm.
iii. 650/1100V Grade, AYY unarmored type Heavy duty extruded FRLS (Fire
Retardant low smoke) PVC sheathed Power Cables 3.5/4 core 300 sqmm. To
25 sqmm.
iv. 300/ 500 V unarmoured FRLS PVC insulated tinned electrolytic grade
annealed copper stranded conductor of 0.5 sqmm.

All the cables will be laid in Perforated GI cable trays with supporting structures in
horizontal laying and with Ladder type GI trays in Vertical placement. Copper tinned
lugs will be provided for all the terminations along with identification ferrules and Tags.
Necessary cable glands with fire protection sealing barriers shall be provided.
e. Illumination:
a. Normal 220 V AC system:
The lighting circuit will be normal 220 V AC lighting system fed from 415 V AC
distribution system.
b. Direct current emergency lighting system:

Direct current emergency lights will be provided at strategic points in the power station.
This will be fed from 220 V station DC and will resume when the normal AC power
supply fails.
Complete lighting system shall be provided for the following places in the Power
House. The illumination levels as requires in various locations of Power House are as
given below.
Place/Location Type of lighting Fixture Lighting
level
1 Main control room and Decorative LED fixtures 300 lux
conference rooms
2 Other areas inside the power Single or Twin LED lamps 100 lux
house
3 Machine hall (high bay) High bay fixtures LED lamps 260 lux
4 Transformer bay High bay fixtures LED lamps 100 lux
5 Draft tube gates Medium bay fixtures LED lamps 70 lux
6 400 KV GIS Flood light fixtures LED lamps 150 lux
7 Switch yard and other approach Street light fixtures LED lamps 70 lux
Roads
f. Earthing System:
Power House Earthing shall be provided with suitable size of Mild steel (MS) flat as
per the standards from the bottom most raft point of powerhouse. The earthing system
shall be suitable to meet the earthing of all the electrical equipment in the powerhouse.
Raisers connecting to the equipment above the mat shall be 75 x 16 mm and the raisers

exposed out for connection to the equipment shall be of Galvanised flats of sizes 50 X
8 mm or higher. Flexible copper cable connections shall be adopted for the local
equipment earthing from the main raisers according to the requirement.
All the electrical equipment shall be grounded at two points. Earthing shall be provided
by means of an earth mat laid right into the tail race to keep the earth resistance to
minimum of the order of 0.4 ohm. The earth mat shall be designed duly taking into
consideration of the local soil particulars.
g. DG SET 1000 KVA

2 (Two) No. 1000 KVA (Ecoustic Enclosure type), 3 phase, 11 KV 50Hz capacity
Diesel Generator with control & protection panels are considered.
The starting of DG set engine shall be by electrical self-starting unit with source of
energy from batteries. The engine shall be capable of running on load within 15 to 20
seconds of its starting.
The cooling of the engine shall be by water filled radiator. Noise level shall be less than
75 db.
h. COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

a. One (1) EPABX equipped with 64 extension and 8 P&T lines including one
operator console and Main Distribution Frame (MDF) and Power supply unit
rated 240 V, 50Hz communication system at Power House and offices.
b. A public address system for remote calling of operating personnel,
fire/emergency warning in the Power House.
c. A suitable surveillance system shall be installed in the power house complex
to facilitate the security by access control system and CCTV system covering
all the areas.
i. PLCC Equipment
On 400 KV EHT line sections it shall be installed with SDH type optical line terminal
equipment (OLTE) with a capacity of STM4 upgradable to STM16 with 1+1 path
protection at optical level in each direction for signal transmission on 1310 nm & 1550

nm with Primary Multiplexer, DACS, Tele-protection equipment and combined NMS

for voice, data and protection signaling etc. It shall be highly reliable and provide secure
communications for real time signals such as VOICE, SCADA, TELEPROTECTION,
DATA including IP/ETHERNET and status/control signals.
j. Transport limitations
(i) Maximum limiting dimensions (L x W x H) of packages for transport
6M x 5.5M x 5M
(ii) Maximum limiting weight of the package which can be transported

70 Tonnes

CHAPTER-XI
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME AND PLANT
PLANNING
Chapter.11: Construction Prog.&Plant Planning 11-i PFR

CHAPTER-XI
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME AND PLANT PLANNING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
11.1 General 11-1
11.2 Construction planning of main components of the project 11-3
11.3 Bar-Chart Showing Quantity-wise Programme 11-10
11.4 Key Materials Planning 11-11
11.4.1 Requirements of Coarse and Fine Aggregates 11-11
11.5 Various alternatives for construction Programme 11-11
11.6 Construction Programme for Tunnel/Channel 11-11
11.6.1 Excavation Cycle Time for Tunnel/Channel 11-11
11.6.2 Cycle Time for Tunnel Lining 11-12
11.7 Scheduled Working Hours 11-12
Chapter.11: Construction Prog.&Plant Planning 11-i PFR

CHAPTER-XI
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME AND PLANT PLANNING
11.1 GENERAL
The proposed project site is located at Upper Sileru on river Sileru, a tributary of Sabari.
The installed capacity of the proposed pumped storage project shall be 1350 MW (9 x
150 MW).
The project being close to glacial region the working season for over ground works is
considered as 8 months starting from October in a year to May depending upon the
onset and withdrawal of monsoons. However the underground works can be proceed
during the entire year subjected to supplies to site. The project is proposed to be
completed within a time span of 4 years excluding one year of pre-construction and
infrastructure activities. The testing and commissioning of units will be done by 4 years
of the construction activities.
Project headquarter is proposed to be located at site office near the project site itself.
The project is connected with two railway head, one is Visakhapatnam railway station
and another is Rajahmundry railway station. Both the railway heads are connected by
roads with Sileru which is a nearby village to the project site. The road distance from
Visakhapatnam railway station to Sileru is 187 km whereas from Rajahmundry to Sileru
is 200 km.
For the construction of various components of the project, it is proposed to mobilize

the latest equipment in order to get consistent quality and faster progress rate. Special
attention has been paid for the equipment planning for the underground works so as to
optimize the equipment cost and extract faster progress rate as construction of
underground works will be critical considering the restricted working space and
geological uncertainties to be encountered. It is essential to optimize the construction
cost and construction period taking into consideration price escalation and interest
Chapter.11: Construction Prog.&Plant Planning 11-1 PFR

during construction as well as cost benefit due to delay in completion. Hence, it is

important to strictly follow the construction schedule to restrict the cost of the project.
Provision of machinery like trucks, motor-grader, dozer, road rollers and other Q
special T & P required for carrying out the infrastructure works has been made in the
project estimate. Provision for inspection vehicles, personnel carriers, ambulances and
field workshop equipment have also been made in the project estimate for infrastructure
facilities.
The construction methodology and equipment planning for various works is based on
the site conditions prevailing in the project area. Construction activities are planned in
such a way that the project will be completed in the shortest possible time period. The
following assumptions have been made for construction methodology and equipment
planning of the project.
 All the pre-construction activities like land acquisition, infrastructure works and
government approvals are completed before the start of construction works on
main components of the project.
 All civil, hydro-mechanical and electro-mechanical works are executed in
following main packages of contract.
The major works for execution of the project include weir on lower Donkarayi
Reservoir, Power Intake & Pump Intake, Head Race Tunnel, Surge Shafts, Power House
Complex, Hydro-Mechanical Works and Electro-Mechanical Works. These will be
logically divided into following contract Packages, which are independent in nature
and having manageable interface problems:
 CIVIL WORKS
Package –I: Civil Works which includes Diversion Works, Weir, Intakes.
Package –II: Power Plant Civil Works which includes Surge Shaft, Pressure
Shaft, Power House, Transformer cavern, Access and Auxiliary Tunnels in Power
House area, Head Race Tunnel, Tail Race Tunnel, Switch Yard, etc.

 HYDRO-MECHANICAL WORKS
Package – III: Hydro mechanical works comprising of gates, hoists, steel liner in
Intake structures, Auxiliary Spillway, Surge shaft, Draft Tube Gate & TRT etc.
 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
Package – IV: Generating Units (Turbine and Generator), MIVs, Cooling Water
System, Drainage/Dewatering System, Unit Control Protection and Automation,
Bus duct.
Package – V: Butterfly Valves
Package - VI: EOT Cranes
Package - VII: Gas Insulated Switchgear
Package - VIII: Gas Insulated Bus
Package - IX: Air Conditioning, Ventilation etc.
Package - X: Fire detection & fighting system
Package –XI: Transformers (Generator Transformer) & Shunt Reactors
Package - XII: 415 V Switchgear & 11 kV Switchgear
Package - XIII: Illumination
Package - XIV: DG sets (construction power)
Package - XV: Cable & Cable Trays
Package – XVI: Pot Head Yard Equipments, Protection metering & PLCC
Package - XVII: Transformer (Dry Type UAT SST)
Package - XVIII: DC System (Battery & Battery Charger), UPS
Package - XIX: Miscellaneous and finishing works
The above packages can be executed through private agencies / contractors

independently.
11.2 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING OF MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT
The Project has been planned to have the following main component structures and the
construction schedule has been prepared accordingly.
1.) CIVIL WORKS

a) Diversion Works-U/S Coffer dam

b) Weir at Lower Reservoir (Donkarayi Reservoir)

c) Power Intake & Pump Intake
d) Head Race Tunnels
e) Primary and Secondary Surge Shafts
f) Pressure Shaft
g) Surface Power House including outdoor switchyard etc.
h) Tail Race Tunnel
a) Diversion Works
River diversion works has been planned for construction of weir. The construction
of weir has to be taken up after flood period. The upstream & downstream coffer
dam will be constructed across the river in two stages. In the first stage, the upstream
and downstream coffer dams will be constructed across the river on the left bank of
river to divert the flow of river through right bank for creating dry working area in
the left bank to carry out the construction of half of the weir. Similarly, in the second
stage, the same construction procedure will be followed in the right bank of the river
for construction of second half of the weir.
b) Weir
It is a concrete gravity ogee weir of 620 m long and 31.5 m high above deepest
foundation level. The top elevation of the weir is 319.50 m. Four non over flow
blocks on right and left side of weir is a length of 126m are to be constructed.
The excavation for the dam at the abutments will be taken up after the completion of
the Diversion works and major part of completion of the upstream and downstream
Coffer Dam. All the excavation including river bed portion will be completed within
9 months since its beginning i.e. October 2020.
The work of foundation treatment will start as the excavation of foundation progressed
and all the consolidation work will be carried on simultaneously with the concreting of
the weir. The curtain grouting and drainage holes work will be done through the
foundation grouting provided in the weir after the weir blocks have reached about 8-10
m above the gallery and completed before reservoir filling.

The construction sequence for the weir and related works will be as under:-
(1) Abutment Stripping

The stripping of the weir abutments will be started immediately after mobilization and
work on both the right and left abutments will be carried out simultaneously. The
stripping will be carried out up to the de-stressed rock zone. The overburden will be
removed with dozers and then rock stripping will start. The stripping will be done in
stages with a bench height of about 3 meters in each stage so that rock bolting and
shotcreting can be done as excavation proceeds downwards. Due to the steepness of the
slopes, most of the excavated material will roll down and accumulate at riverbed level
from where it will be picked up and hauled to the disposal areas deploying
loader/backhoes and dumpers.
The excavated material from the abutment will be used for the construction of the
cofferdams.
(2) River Bed Excavation

The excavation of river bed will be taken up both the upstream and downstream
cofferdams are constructed. The riverbed material will be excavated with the help of
hydraulic excavators, dozers and adequate number of 18 ton capacity dumpers. Clean
up of the exposed bed rock in the riverbed will be done with a backhoe. A progress of
about 1200m3 is expected in a day and work can be competed in a period of 6 months.
After excavation has been completed, a blanket of concrete of about 1-1.5 m thickness
will be provided and consolidation grouting started. Adequate dewatering arrangements
will be made.
(3) Consolidation Grouting

The consolidation grouting holes will be drilled in a 3 m grid pattern to a depth 10 m
into rock. Grouting would proceed from river bed towards abutments. Secondary grout
holes will be drilled, and grouted as necessary. Grouting equipment with adequate
stand-by units will be deployed for grouting. Grouting would be taken up intermittently
and would continue simultaneously with the entire period of concreting of the Dam.
(4) Placement of Concrete

Most of the concreting would be completed in two working seasons with only
concreting in some abutment blocks and ogee weir portion will be taken up in the third
season.
Concreting upto river bed level would be taken up after blanket concreting and
consolidation grouting in river bed is completed. The construction of plunge pool will
be carried out during this period.
It is proposed to complete the ogee weir blocks upto the sluice spillway crest level
(EL.310.50 m) in the third working season. The placement of anti-abrasion
arrangements cladding Rails and supporting frames with rich concrete on the ogee weir
profile will be carried out during 2ndyear. Concreting in the ogee weir portion upto top
would be completed in the 2 years. The work will be completed as programmed in the
implementation schedule.
c) Intake Primary and Secondary
Intake is located on the left bank of the river Sileru on downstream of Guntawada
Reservoir weir. Invert level of the Intake will be at EL. 317.00 m. Intake will convey
water through Head race tunnel to Power House and Secondary intake for pumping
mode. Complete intake structure will be resting on the concrete platform supported on
strong foundation.
Construction of intake will be carried out along with the coffer dam. During the first
season, when river flow is diverted with coffer dam on upstream side creating the dry
area, concrete will be laid for the raft area of intake.
The excavation of intake structure and approach channel will be carried out in the
second season. This will include foundation grouting and shaving off the unwanted
projections on the finished level. Portion where the disintegrated rocks is found, it
needed to be concreted and compacted in order to provide the smooth level.
Excavation and foundation treatment will be carried out simultaneously and

subsequently the concrete casting is carried. It is proposed to mobilize the Mobile wheel
mounted crane, through which shutters and reinforcement at the higher elevations will
be lifted. Concrete will be poured through this mobile crane in higher reaches.

d) Head Race Tunnels
3 no. Head Race Tunnels are proposed with 12.0 m dia each. Each tunnel is of Circular
shaped and the average length is 3.094 km. HRT starts from the Power Intake transition
and ends at Primary Surge Shaft. There will be two nos. of access adits i.e. one adit just
at the upstream of surge shaft and other at the middle of HRT. Adits will be D-shaped
with adit portal development.
Construction of HRT will be taken up simultaneously from all faces and it is proposed
to complete the excavation of HRT in 32 months duration.
Excavation will be carried out in Full-Face by Drilling and Blasting Method. Drilling
will be done by mobilizing Single Boom Drill Jumbo whereas loading and mucking
will be done by excavator and Dumpers of required capacity. Support arrangement like
shotcrete and Rock bolting for the excavation profile of the tunnel will be carried out
as per the requirement and type of strata encountered. However, steel supports are also
proposed as rock support in incompetent geological formations. In case of Hot Water
Ingress during tunnel excavation, required arrangement will be carried out to provide
suitable and safe working environment at tunnel face. It is estimated an average
progress of 75 m per month per face for tunnel excavation.
Once excavation from all the faces of HRT will be completed, concrete lining will be
carried out by 12 m long Gantry from one end with the average monthly progress of
225 m. The work will be completed as programmed in the Implementation Schedule.
e) Primary Surge Shaft & Secondary Surge Shaft
It is proposed to provide Primary Surge Shaft of size 42.5m (L)*275m (W)*80m (H)
and Secondary Surge Shaft of size 35m (L)*275m (W)*76.5m (H). Full length of the
Surge Shafts are located in the rocky strata. Berm of suitable width will be provided at
required vertical interval and this berm will be provided with the drain to remove excess
water. Shotcrete with wire mesh and rock anchors will be provided at slope as
protection works to the overburden materials all around the surge shaft opening.

Surge shaft are as mentioned above, thickness of concrete lining will be 2.5m upto EL
425m & EL 336.5m and above these levels lining thickness will be at 2.0 m interval
upto top of the surge shafts.
f) Valve House
A suitable Valve House chamber of size 12.5m length, 229.0m wide, 24 m height has
been proposed. A suitable crane has also been proposed for operation maintenance.
g) Pressure Shaft
It is proposed to provide Pressure Shaft of 6.0 m dia. circular shape to convey water
from Primary Surge Shaft to the Power House. From Surge Shaft, water will be
conveyed under pressure through the pressure shafts of 9 no. of 6m dia each feeding
each unit of surface Power House.
Excavation of 6.0 m dia. circular shaped pressure shaft will be carried from two ends
i.e. one from surge shaft end and another from Power House side. Inclined portion of
Pressure Shaft will be excavated from the surge shaft end with hoisting arrangement
with trolley attached. Men and material will be lowered through this arrangement,
whereas the horizontal part of Pressure shaft will be excavated from the Power house
side. Excavation will be done by Drilling and Blasting method by using Jack hammer
and excavator of suitable size and dimension will be mobilized.
After completion of excavation for the pressure shaft, steel liner will be laid with proper
alignment. Steel liner will be laid from bottom most part for the inclined portion by
hoisting arrangement placed at the surge shaft end. After aligning every ferrule,
concrete back filling will be carried out to maintain the fixed alignment. Similar process
will be carried out for the horizontal portion of the pressure shaft from the powerhouse
end.
h) Surface Power House
Surface power house is proposed for this project which is central part of the project.
The location of PH is on the left bank of the Sileru River. The geological strata at this

location comprises of mostly granite substances as well as northerly dips due to broad
antiforms and synforms. This geological strata is considered suitable for Surface power
house. The roof and sides of the power house and the transformer cavities will be
provided with suitable supporting system like shotcrete, rock bolts etc. as necessary.
The surface power house complex of size 25.5m long, 280m wide and 65m height
which will house generating equipments. The generator floor and service bay will be at
EL 290.30m and 295.70 m respectively and the control block portion will be at higher
elevation with a workshop facility underneath. Besides the turbine & generators etc,
this power house will house 9 no. main inlet valves, one for each unit. The centre line
of turbines will be at EL 281.50 m. An EOT crane of suitable capacity will be provided
at EL 308.5 m which will run from the beginning of service bay to the end of machine
hall.
The excavation for the power house can be started from October 2020 and all the works
including sub-structure and super structure can be completed along with the installation
of electro-mechanical equipment of the units.
i) Tail Race Tunnel
3 no. of 12.0m finish dia circular shape, 3025 long Tail Race Tunnel has been proposed
from secondary surge shaft to pump intake to discharge the water back to Sileru River
which again pumped to main Upper reservoir. TRT will be concrete lined. The
construction of Tail Race Tunnel will be done from outlet face of TRT and from
junction of the main access tunnel with TRT. The tunnel will be excavated by drill and
blast method using mechanized equipment. 2-boom drill jumbo will be used for drill
holes and robotic shotcrete machine will be used for temporary lining.
Concrete lining of TRT will commence immediately after the completion of excavation
work at respective faces. The lining of the tunnel is proposed to be done in two stages
i.e. overt concrete will be done firstly followed by invert concrete lining.
j) Hydro-mechanical works

The gates and hoists comprises of Primary and secondary Intake Structure, primary and
secondary Surge Shaft, Draft Tube Gate etc. The fabrication of the gates shall be done
partly in manufacturer’s workshop and partly at site. The civil contractors will co-
ordinate with the agencies supplying such equipment and provide them all necessary
support at site. Block outs and first stage anchor plates shall be provided in various
structures during first stage concreting. The second stage embedded parts comprising
of sill beams, tracks, seal seats & guides etc. shall be erected in these block outs before
undertaking second stage concreting.
The supply and installation of all hydro mechanical equipment required at different
locations shall be ensured to be completed in time so that the works related to
components can be completed in scheduled time.
11.3 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE COMPONENT-WISE
Construction schedule of Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project has been prepared
keeping in view optimum use of the equipment, completion of inter related activities in
the least feasible time and balanced flow of funds. It is planned to complete all the
construction activities so as to commission the project in a period of 60 months from
the date of start of the work. The ogee weir which is 31m high, Power Intake, 3 no.
HRT which are 3.034 km, 2 no of surge shafts, pressure shaft, valve house, power
house, tail race tunnel, Pump Intake and other major components of the project which
would takes sufficiently long time for execution.
11.4 KEY MATERIALS PLANNING
Study of availability and quality of construction materials has to be carried at different

locations of the project area to determine the quantity and quality of materials. Further,
construction materials used in surrounding projects will be used for the construction of
various components.
11.4.1 Requirements of Coarse and Fine Aggregates
The quantity of concrete required for various structures of the project have been
worked out based on designs and drawings carried out for preparation of PFR

Report.
11.5 VARIOUS ALTERNATIVES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
Plant/Equipment Planning
The concrete required for project components works has a volume of 3,30,000 cum.
Assuming an average aggregate weight of fine and coarse aggregate in concrete equal
to 2.10 T/m3, the total weight of aggregate to be processed will be about 6,93,000 MT.
The peak requirement of concrete has been estimated to be about 60 m3/hr which occurs
in 2nd working season. The requirement of coarse aggregate has been estimated to be
about 60 m3/hr as peak and about 45 m3/hr as average. The major requirement of
concrete and aggregate is for the weir construction. Keeping the project components in
consideration, it is proposed to provide 2 No. of Concrete Batching Plant of 30 m3/hr
capacity for each batching plan which is more or less equi-distance from the both intake
and surge shaft / surface power house site.
It is proposed to provide 2 nos Aggregate Crushing Plant of 100 MT capacity for each
batching plan, one at u/s of primary surge shaft and one at d/s secondary surge shaft of
the proposed location of the upper sileru project.
11.6 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME FOR TUNNEL/CHANNEL
11.6.1 Excavation Cycle Time for Tunnel/Channel
This project envisages construction of Head Race Tunnel of approximately 3.094 km

of length with circular shaped and 12.0 m finish diameter. Construction of HRT will be
carried with 2 nos. of access adits i.e. one adit just at the upstream of surge shaft and
another adit at the upstream of the primary surge shaft. Similarly for the 12.0m dia
circular shaped with a length of 3.025km Tail Race Tunnel, two nos. of adits are
proposed, one at the downstream of Secondary surge shaft and another is at the middle
of TRT. With each of access adits, two no. of working faces will be available. Length
of adit 1, adit 2, adit 3, adit 4 are 410m, 375m, 600m and 525m respectively and totally
adit length will be of 1901m (1.91km).

11.6.2 Cycle Time for Tunnel Lining
On completion of excavation of tunnel, concrete lining for the tunnels will be carried
out. Concrete lining will be carried out by Telescopic type Gantry Shutters 12 m length
for overt portion of the tunnel. Once overt concrete is complete, invert lining will be
carried through invert shuttering arrangement moving on rails on kerbs. Concrete lining
for the tunnels will be done in sequence as below:-
 Kerb
 Overt
 Invert
11.7 SCHEDULED WORKING HOURS
As could be seen from the discharge data, there are very low discharges in river from
October to May i.e. for about 8 months, which would form the working season in the
area. All the surface works are proposed to be executed in two shifts except the weir,
which is proposed to be executed in three-shift operations. All the works are proposed
to be executed in three-shift operation throughout the year. The scheduled working
hours considering 25 working days per month accordingly works out as under:
Actual Schedule Schedule

No. of Total Availability Days/ Utilization
Available Machine Production
Shift Time factor Year factor
Time Hour Hour
(No.) (Hr.) (Hr.) (No.) (Hr.) (Hr.)
1 8 0.9 7.2 200 1440 0.85 1224
2 16 0.8 12.8 200 2560 0.8 2048
3 24 0.7 16.8 200 3360 0.75 2520
On the basis of the above computation, in accordance with “Guidelines for Detailed
Calculations for the Requirement of Each Category and Size of the Production
Equipment, August 2000 published by the Central Water Commission” following
scheduled working hours have been considered in surface works.
 Single shift work/day - 1200 hrs.
 Two shift work/day - 2000 hrs.
 Three shift work/day - 2500 hrs.

Works are generally not affected by the vagaries of weather and work has, thus, been
planned to continue throughout the year. However, since the production capability
would be affected during monsoon months especially for the supplies/services and
muck disposal, etc., suitable reduction in the progress has been taken into account for
the year as a whole. Two shifts working of equipments is normally considered most
economical in view of the high cost of three shift working on account of low availability
of equipment and higher stand-by equipment requirement.
Thus, planning for allover ground works has been carried out based on two shifts per
day working. Underground works in any case, are planned for three shifts working as
these involve cyclic operations, which do not follow normal shift operation. The work
in the weir especially below the crest level will have to be completed within the non-
monsoon period only and as such planned for the 3 shift working.
Provision of stand by equipment has been considered as follows:

 Single shift working - 10%
 Two shift working - 20%
 Three shift working - 30%

CHAPTER-XII
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Chapter 12: Environ.&Ecological Aspects 12-i PFR

CHAPTER-XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
12.1 General 12-1

12.2 Study Area 12-1
12.3 Environmental Baseline Status 12-2
12.3.1 Climate 12-2
12.3.2 River System 12-2
12.4 Prediction of Impact 12-3
12.4.1 Impacts on Land Environment 12-4
12.4.2 Impacts on Water Environment 12-6
12.4.3 Impacts on Air Environment 12-7
12.4.4 Impacts on Noise Pollution 12-8
12.4.5 Impacts on Land Environment 12-11
12.4.6 Impacts on Biological Environment 12-13
12.4.6.1 Impacts on Terrestrial Flora 12-13
12.4.6.2 Impacts on Terrestrial Fauna 12-13
12.4.6.3 Aquatic Fauna 12-14
12.4.6.4 Operation Phase 12-14
12.4.7 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment 12-15
12.4.8 Increased Incidence of Water-Related Diseases 12-16
12.4.9 Impacts on Mineral Resources 12-17
12.5 Environmental Management Plan 12-18
12.5.1 Environmental Measures for Labour Camps 12-18
12.5.1.1 Facilities in Labour Camps 12-18
12.5.1.2 Sanitation Facilities 12-18
12.5.1.3 Solid Waste Management from Labour Camps 12-19
12.5.1.4 Provision of Free Fuel 12-19
12.5.2 Muck Disposal 12-19
12.5.3 Restoration Plan for Quarry Sites 12-20
12.5.4 Restoration and Landscaping of Project Sites 12-21
Chapter 12: Environ.&Ecological Aspects 12-i PFR

12.5.5 Compensation for Acquisition of Forest Land 12-21

12.5.6 Anti-Poaching Measures 12-21
12.5.7 Bio-Diversity Conservation Plan 12-22
12.5.8 Greenbelt Development 12-22
12.5.9 Sustenance of Riverine Fisheries 12-22
12.5.10 Public Health Delivery System 12-22
12.5.11 Maintenance of Water Quality 12-23
12.5.12 Control of Noise 12-23
12.5.13 Control of Air Pollution 12-24
12.5.14 Dust Control 12-24
12.6 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan 12-25
12.7 Catchment Area Treatment 12-25
12.8 Infrastructure Development under Local Area 12-26
Development Plan (LADP)
12.9 Environmental Monitoring Programme 12-26
12.10 Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan 12-28
12.11 Conclusions 12-29
Chapter 12: Environ.&Ecological Aspects 12-ii PFR

CHAPTER-XII
12.1 GENERAL
The commissioning of any hydro power project leads to significant impacts on

environmental resources of the project area and its surroundings. However, by proper
planning at the inception stage and incorporating appropriate migratory measures in the
planning, design, construction and operation phases, adverse impact can be minimized
to a large extent, whereas beneficial impacts can be maximized. The Chapter covers the
impacts likely to accrue as a result during construction and operation phases of the
proposed Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project located in Visakhapatnam district,
Andhra Pradesh. A broad framework of Environmental Management Plan for
amelioration of adverse impacts on account of various phases of implementation of
Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project along with the outline of the Environmental
Monitoring Programme too has also been covered as a part of the present Chapter.
12.2 STUDY AREA
The study area considered for the Environmental Assessment study shall comprise of
the following:
 Area under the existing Guntawada reservoir and Donkarayi reservoirs.

 Land acquired for the construction of power house complex and its apparent works
Viz., Approach Channel, Intake structure, penstocks, powerhouse, surge shaft TRT
etc.
 Area under Forest Category and Private Lands.
 Area to be acquired for various project appurtenances
 Submergence area for upper and lower reservoirs
 Area within 10 kms periphery of Upper and Lower Reservoir sites on either sides
of river Sileru.
12.3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS
The assessment of pre-project environmental status is essential to determine the

environmental parameters which could be significantly affected due to the proposed
Chapter 12: Environ.&Ecological Aspects 12-1 PFR

Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project. The baseline status has been assessed mainly
based on review of secondary data and site visits. The existing project related
documents too have been reviewed to assess the baseline environmental status.
12.3.1 Climate
The climate of project area varies considerably, depending on the geographical region.
Monsoons play a major role in determining the climate of the state. Summers last from
March to June. In the coastal plain, the summer temperatures are generally higher than
the rest of the state, with temperature ranging between 20° C and 41° C.
July to September is the season for tropical rains in Andhra Pradesh. The state receives
heavy rainfall from the Southwest Monsoon during these months. About one third of
the total rainfall in the Andhra Pradesh is brought by the Northeast Monsoon. October
and November see low pressure systems and tropical cyclones form in the Bay of
Bengal which, along with the Northeast Monsoon, brings rain to the southern and
coastal regions of the state. November, December, January and February are the winter
months in the Andhra Pradesh. Since the state has a long coastal belt the winters are not
very cold. The range of winter temperature is generally 12° C to 30° C.
12.3.2 River System
Sileru River is a tributary of Sabari River. It originates in Andhra Pradesh and also
flows through Odisha before merging with Sabari. Sabari River crosses the border into
the Andhra Pradesh to merge with Godavari River. Sileru (known as Machkund in its
upper reaches) river joins Sabari River at tri-junction boundary point of Andhra
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The river drains the Western face of Eastern Ghats
and starts at an altitude of +1645.90 M (5400 ft). It flows in a north-westerly direction
up toChikinput, where it takes a short right-angle bend and flows due South-West to its
confluence with Sabari, an important tributary of river Godavari.
Sileru river has vast potential of hydro electricity generation which has been
substantially harnessed by constructing Machkund (120 MW), Balimela (510 MW),
Upper Sileru (240 MW), Donkarayi (25 MW) and Lower Sileru hydro (460 MW) power

projects. Chitrakonda (60MW) hydro project located at the toe of Balimela earth dam
is planned to utilise the head available across the earth dam.
12.4 PREDICTION OF IMPACT
Prediction is essentially a process to forecast the future environmental conditions of the

project area that might be expected to occur because of the implementation of the
project. Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential
impacts as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project have been
identified.
The impacts on various aspects of environment are briefly described in the following
sections.
12.4.1 Impacts on Land Environment
a) Construction Phase
The number of maximum personnel requirements for the employer and contractor has
been estimated to be of the order of 200 and 500 respectively. Thus, the peak
aggregation of labour and technical staff including their families will be 1500. The
immigration of labour population during construction phase will also induce secondary
migration in the area to cater to the various requirements of the project construction
staff. These will include persons to manage shops of various types, transportation,
workshops, etc.
Separate accommodation and related facilities for workers, service providers and
technical staff are to be provided as a part of the project. The congregation of labour
force is likely to create problem of sewage disposal, solid waste management and felling
of trees for meeting fuel requirements, etc.
Operation of construction equipment
During construction phase, various types of equipment will be brought to the site. These
include crushers, batching plant, drilling jumbos, earthmovers, etc. The sitting of this
construction equipment would require significant amount of space. In addition, land
will be required for storage of various construction materials as well. However, land for

this purpose will be temporarily acquired, i.e. for the duration of project construction
phase.
Soil erosion
The runoff from various construction sites will have a natural tendency to flow along
with the natural drainage. Thus, the disposal of drainage effluent with such high
turbidity levels is bound to affect the water quality, especially in the lean season. The
drains/nallahs close to various construction sites are seasonal in nature. Normally in
such streams, biological productivity is not high. Hence, the increase in turbidity levels
is not expected to be significant in nature.
b) Operation Phase
Acquisition of Land
The total land to be acquired for various project appurtenances is 410 ha. The details
are given in Table- 12.1.
Table-12.1: Land requirement
S. No. Particulars Area (ha)
1 Project Components 140
2 Link Roads 10
Construction Facilities including muck

3 260
disposal area & colony, etc.
Total 410
The tentative ownership status of land to be acquired for Upper Sileru Pumped Storage
Project is given in Table-12.2.
Table-12.2: Ownership status of land to be acquired
S. No. Category Area (ha)
1 Forest Land 380

2 Private Land -
3 Government Land 30
Total 410
As a part of CEIA study, detailed studies to assess the ownership status of the land to
be acquired for various project appurtenances shall be conducted. Suitable
compensatory measures as per the ownership status of the land to be acquired for the
project shall be formulated with the help of concerned state departments.
12.4.2 Impacts on Water Environment

i) Sewage from labour camps
The project construction is likely to last for a period of 4 years. The peak labour strength
likely to be employed during project construction phase is about 500 workers and 100
technical staff. Based on experience of similar project the increase in population as a
result of migration of labour population during construction phase is expected to be of
the order of 1500.
The construction phase, also leads to mushrooming of various allied activities to meet
the demands of the immigrant labour population in the project area. The domestic
water requirement has been estimated as70 lpcd. Thus, total water requirements work
out to 0.11 mld. It is assumed that about 80% of the water supplied will be generated
as sewage. Thus, total quantum of sewage generated is expected to be of the order of
0.08 mld. The BOD load contributed by domestic sources will be about 68kg/day. It is
recommended to commission units for treatment of sewage generated from labour
camps prior to disposal.
ii) Effluent from crushers
During construction phase, at least one crusher will be commissioned at site by the
contractor involved in construction activities. It is proposed only crushed material would
be brought at construction site. Water is required to wash the boulders and to lower the
temperature of the crushing edge. About 0.1m3 of water is required per ton of material

crushed. The effluent from the crusher would contain high suspended solids. It is
proposed to treat the effluent from crushers in settling tank prior to disposal, so as
ameliorate even the marginal impacts likely to accrue on this account.
b) Operation Phase
During project operation phase, due to absence of any large-scale construction activity,
the cause and source of water pollution will be much different. Since, only a small
number of O&M staff will reside in the area in a well-designed colony with sewage
treatment plant and other infrastructure facilities, problems of water pollution due to
disposal of sewage are not anticipated.
In the operation phase, about 100 families & 100 bachelors (total population of 400)
will be residing in the project colony. About 0.04 mld of sewage will be generated. The
total BOD loading will be order of 8kg/day. It shall been assured that sewage from the
project colony be treated in a sewage treatment plant so as to meet the disposal standards
for effluent. Thus, no impacts are anticipated as a result of disposal of effluents from the
project colony.
12.4.3 Impacts on Air Environment
In a water resources project, air pollution occurs mainly during project construction
phase. The major sources of air pollution during construction phase are:
A. Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
B. Emission from various crushers
C. Dust emission from muck disposal
A. Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
The operation of various construction equipments requires combustion of fuel.

Normally, diesel is used in such equipment. The major pollutant which gets emitted as
a result of combustion of diesel is S02. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash
content in diesel. The short-term increase inS02, even assuming that all the equipment
is operating at a common point is quite low, i.e. of the order of less than 1µg/m3. Hence,
no major impact is anticipated on this account on ambient air quality.

B. Emissions from crushers
The operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to generate fugitive
emissions, which can move even upto 1km in predominant wind direction. During
construction phase, one crusher each is likely to be commissioned near proposed Power
Intake and proposed power house sites. During crushing operations, fugitive emissions
comprising mainly the suspended particulate will be generated. Since, there are no major
settlements close to proposed project site; hence, no major adverse impacts on this
account are anticipated. However, during layout design, care should be taken to ensure
that the labour camps, colonies, etc. are located on the leeward side and outside the
impact zone (say about 2km on the wind direction) of the crushers.
C. Dust emissions from muck disposal
The loading and unloading of muck are one of the sources of dust generation. Since,
muck will be mainly in form of small rock pieces, stone, etc., with very little dust
particles, significant amount of dust is not expected to be generated on this account.
Thus, adverse impacts due to dust generation during muck disposal are not expected.
12.4.4 Impacts on Noise Pollution
In a water resource projects, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected only
during the project construction phase, due to earth moving machinery, etc. Likewise,
noise due to quarrying, blasting, vehicular movement will have some adverse impacts
on the ambient noise levels in the area.
i) Impacts due to operation of construction equipment

The noise level due to operation of various construction equipment is given in Table-
12.3.
Table-12.3: Noise level due to operation of various construction equipment

Equipment Noise level dB(A)
Earth moving
Compactors 70-72

Loaders and Excavator 72-82

Dumper 72-92
Tractors 76-92
Scrappers, graders 82-92
Pavers 86-88
Truck 84-94
Material Handling
Concrete mixers 75-85
Movable cranes 82-84
Stationary
Pumps 68-70
Generators 72-82
Compressors 75-85
Under the worst-case scenario, considered for prediction of noise levels during
construction phase, it has been assumed that all this equipment generate noise from a
common point. The increase in noise levels due to operation of various construction
equipment is given in Table 12.4.
Table- 12.4 Increase in noise levels due to operation of various construction
equipment
Distance Ambient Increase in Increased Noise Increase in
(m) noise levels noise level due level due to ambient noise
dB(A) to construction level due to
construction activities dB(A) construction
activities activities dB(A)
dB(A)
100 36 45 45 34
200 3 39 39 29
500 3 31 31 25
1000 3 25 25 25
1500 3 21 21 24

2000 3 19 19 24
2500 3 17 17 24
3000 3 15 15 24
It would be worthwhile to mention here that in absence of the data on actual location of
various construction equipment, all the equipment has been assumed to operate at a
common point. This assumption leads to over estimation of the increase in noise levels.
Also, it is a known fact that there is a reduction in noise level as the sound wave passes
through a barrier. The transmission loss values for common construction materials are
given in Table- 12.5.
Table- 12.5: Transmission loss for common construction materials
Thickness of
Decrease in Noise level dB
Material Construction material
(A)
(inches)
4 38
Light concrete
6 39
Dense concrete 4 40
4 32
Concrete block
6 36
Brick 4 33
Granite 4 40
Thus, the walls of various houses will attenuate atleast 30dB (A) of noise. In addition,
there are attenuation clue to the following factors:
• Air absorption
• Rain
• Atmospheric in homogeneities
• Vegetal cover
Thus, no increase in noise levels is anticipated as a result of various activities, during
the project construction phase.

ii) Impacts on labour
The effect of high noise levels on the operating personnel has to be considered as this
may be particularly harmful. It is known that continuous exposures to high noise levels
above 90dB (A) affects the hearing acuity of the workers/operators and hence, should
be avoided. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) that the exposure period of affected persons be
limited as per the maximum exposure period specified inTable-12.6.
Table-12.6: Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA
Maximum equivalent continuous Unprotected exposure period per day
Noise level dB(A) from 8hrs/day and 5 days/week
90 8
95 4
100 2
105 1
110 1/2
115 1/4
120 No exposure permitted at or above this
level
12.4.5 Impacts on Land Environment
The major impacts anticipated on land environment during construction are as follows:
i) Operation and construction equipment
ii) Quarrying operations
iii) Muck disposal
iv) Acquisition of land
i) Operation of Construction equipment

During construction phase, various types of equipment will be brought to the site.
These include crushers, batching plant, drilling jumbos, earthmovers, rockbolters, etc.
The sitting of this construction equipment would require significant amount of space.
Similarly, space will be required for storing of various other construction equipments.

In addition, land will also be temporarily acquired, i.e. for the duration of project
construction for storage of quarried material before crushing, crushed material,
cement, rubble, etc.
Various criteria for selection of these sites would be:

 Proximity to the site of use
 Sensitivity of the forest of the nearby areas
 Proximity from habitations
 Proximity to drinking water source
Efforts must be made to site the Contractor's working space in such a way that the
adverse impacts on environment are minimal, i.e., to locate the construction
equipment, so that impacts on human and faunal population is minimal.
ii) Quarrying operations
The quantum of construction material required for Upper Sileru Pumped Storage
Project is given in Table-12.7. Apart of the muck generated from the project shall be
used as construction material.
Table-12.7: Construction material requirement
S.No. Material Quantity (m3)
3 Impervious Material > 200000
4 Cement Concrete > 900000
5 Grouting > 100000
A permanent scaris likely to be left, once quarrying activities are over. With the
passage of time, rock from the exposed face of the quarry under the action of wind and
other erosion forces, get slowly weathered and after some time, they become a
potential source of landslide. Thus, it is necessary to implement appropriate slope
stabilization measures to prevent the possibility of soil erosion and landslides in the
quarry sites.
iii) Muck disposal

Muck generation and disposal could lead to various adverse impacts. The muck needs
to be disposed at designated sites. This could lead to following impacts:
 Loss of land
 Problems regarding stability of spoil dumps
 Access to spoil dumps areas
Apart of the muck can be used for the following purposes:
 Use of suitable rock from the excavation as aggregate in the mixing of concrete.
 Use of muck for maintenance of roads.
 Use as backfill material in quarry and borrow pits.
As a part the CEIA study a detailed muck management plan shall be formulated.
iv) Acquisition of land

The total land to be acquired for various project appurtenances is 410 ha. The details
are given in Table- 12.1.
12.4.6 Impacts on Biological Environment

12.4.6.1 Impacts on Terrestrial Flora
Dust is expected to be generated during blasting, vehicle movement for transportation
of construction material or construction waste. The dust particles shall settle on the
foliage of trees and plants, thereby reduction in amount of sunlight falling on tree
foliage. This will reduce the photosynthetic activity. Based on experience in similar
settings, the impact is expected to be localized up to a maximum of 50 to 100 m from
the source. Thus, minimal deposition of dust is expected on flora. Thus, no significant
impact is expected on this account.
Acquisition of forest land:

During project construction phase, land will be required for location of muck disposal
quarrying centralization facilities widening of existing roads and construction of new
project roads. The total land requirement for the project is approx. 410 ha of which
380 ha is forest land.

12.4.6.2 Impacts on Terrestrial fauna

During the construction period, machinery and construction workers are mobilized,
which can disturb the wildlife population in the vicinity of project area. During
construction phase, accessibility to area will lead to influx of workers and the people
associated with the allied activities from outside will also increase. The other major
impact could be the blasting to be carried out during construction phase. This impact
needs to be mitigated by adopting controlled blasting and strict surveillance regime
and the same is proposed to be used in the project. This will reduce the noise level and
vibrations due to blasting to a great extent.
Siting of construction equipment, godowns, stores, labour camps, etc. may generally
disturb the fauna in the area. To minimize any adverse inputs due to poaching activities
from immigrant labour population, strict anti-poaching surveillance measures need to
be implemented, especially during project construction phase. The same shall be
covered in detail as a part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
12.4.6.3 Aquatic Fauna

i) Impacts due to sewage disposal
During peak construction phase, waste water, mostly from domestic sources will be
generated from various camps of workers engaged in the project area. Due to perennial
nature of river Sileru and the volume of water it carries all, no significant impact on
Dissolved Oxygen level of the receiving water body are anticipated. Thus, no
significant impacts on riverine ecology. However, it is recommended that sewage
generated from labour camps and project office be treated prior to disposal.
ii) Increased turbidity level

Extraction of gravel and sand during construction phase would have deleterious effect
on fish stocks. Such activities cause destabilising of river sub-strata, increasing the
turbidity of water, silting up the channel bottom and modifying the flow which in turn
may result in erosion of the river banks. The turbidity could increase up to 100 ppm
due to suspended solids which may choke the gills of young fish. However, with
appropriate measures such as settling tanks etc, the increase in turbidity is not expected
to reach high levels so as to adversely affect the fish fauna.

12.4.6.4 Operation phase

A Pumped Structure project does not result in significant changes in the riverine
ecology. The water from upper Reservoir is conveyed through water conductor system
to power house. The proposed project would abstract 1.5 TMC of water from Upper
Reservoir for power generation, which will be returned back to Upper Reservoir through
an underground water conductor system. Thus, no adverse impacts on existing riverine
ecology are expected due to the proposed pumped storage project.
12.4.7 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment

This proposed project is likely to entail both positive as well as negative impacts on the
socio-cultural aspects of the area. During construction and operation phases, significant
allied activities will mushroom in the project area.
i) Impacts due to influx of labour force

During the construction phase a large labour force, including skilled, semi-skilled and
un-skilled labour force of the order of about 1500 persons, is expected to immigrate into
the project area. It is felt that most of the labour force would come from other parts of
the country. However, some of the locals would also be employed to work in the project.
The labour force would stay near to the project construction sites.
The project will also lead to certain negative impacts. The most important negative
impact would be during the construction phase. The labour force that would work in the
construction site would settle around the site. They would temporarily reside there. This
may lead to solid waste generation, sewage generation, etc. which can lead to harmful
impacts if proper mitigatory measures are not undertaken.
The employment opportunities in the area are limited. Thus, during project construction
phase, some of the locals may get employment. It has been observed during construction
phase of many of the projects; the major works are contracted out who bring their own
skilled labour. However, it is only in the unskilled category, that locals get employment.
ii) Economic Impact of the project
Apart from direct employment, the opportunities for indirect employment will also be
generated which would provide great impetus to the economy of the local area. Various

types of business-like shops, food-stall, tea stalls, etc. besides a variety of suppliers,
traders, transporters will concentrate here and benefit immensely as demand will
increase significantly for almost all types of goods and services. The business
community as a whole will be benefited. The locals will avail these opportunities arising
from the project and increase their income levels. With the increase in income levels,
there will be an improvement in the infrastructure facilities in the area.
iii) Impacts due to land acquisition
The key impact during construction phase will be that, pertaining to land acquisition.
About 410 ha of land is proposed to be acquired for the proposed Upper Sileru Pumped
Storage Project. No private land is to be acquired.
As a part of CEIA study, the exact quantum of private and forest land to be acquired
needs to be identified. Based on the ownership status, appropriate, compensatory
measures, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan will be formulated.
12.4.8 Increased incidence of water-related diseases

About 600 labourers and technical staff with a total increase in population by1500 will
aggregate in the project area during construction phase. The labourers would live in
dormitories provided by the Contractor where proper sanitary facilities are to be
provided as per contract agreement. However, some of the labourers coming from
outside the project area could be carrier of certain diseases, therefore, proper screening
of labour population will be done by the contractor.
i) Excavations
The excavation of earth from borrow pits etc. could accumulate water during rainy
season which could increase breeding ground for various vectors and mosquitoes.
However, in the present case, the borrow areas are within the river bed, which in any
case remain underwater. Thus, no additional habitat for mosquito breeding is created
due to excavation. However, fumigation and other measures are suggested in the EMP.
ii) Inadequate facilities in labour camps
Labourer camps without adequate facilities for portable water supply and sewage

treatment could lead to outbreak of epidemics of water borne diseases. Adequate

measures for supply of portable water and sewage treatment have been recommended
as a part of Environmental Management Plan.
iii) Water pollution and water-borne diseases
Lack of potable water supply could lead to increased incidence of water borne diseases
particularly in camp sites and in adjoining areas. There could incidence of spread of
water-borne diseases in labour camps/colonies. Communities located in direct impact
zone as well as indirect impact zone could also be severely affected from such
epidemics.
iv) Occupational Injuries

During constructional phase a substantial number of occupational hazardous will take
place. Worker may endure injuries from machinery and equipment, chemicals,
explosions, bums, electrocutions, falls, falling objects, and vibration. Silicosis, asthma
and bronchitis will create occupational problems among labour/technical staff involve
in project activities. Workers exposed with noise level higher than 90dB (A) increased
the risk of noised induced hearing impairment. The construction activities such as
blasting, quarrying, heavy vehicular movements are associated with high risk of
accidents and injuries workers as well as surrounding communities.
b) Operation phase
The construction of a reservoir replaces the river in ecosystem by a lacustrine ecosystem.
The vectors of various diseases breed in shallow areas not very far from the reservoir
margins. The magnitude of breeding sites for mosquitoes and other vectors in the
impounded water is in direct proportion to the length of the shoreline. Thus, there could
be increased incidence malaria and other vector-borne diseases during project
construction phase.
12.4.9 Impacts on mineral resources

Andhra Pradesh is one of the storehouses of mineral resources in India. Andhra Pradesh
with varied geological formations contains rich and variety of industrial minerals and

building stone.
Andhra Pradesh is listed top in the deposit and production of mica in India. Minerals
found the state include limestone, reserves of Oil and natural gas, manganese, asbestos,
Iron Ore Ball Clay, Fire Clay, Gold Diamonds, graphite, Dolomite, quartz, Tungsten,
Steatitic, Feldspar, Silica Sand. It has about one third of India's limestone reserves and
is known for large exclusive deposits of Barytes and Galaxy granite in the international
market.
As per the design and location of the project there is no impact on the mineral resources.
12.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Based on the environmental baseline conditions and project inputs, the adverse impacts
will be identified and a set of measures will be suggested as a part of Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) for their amelioration. An outline of various measures
suggested as a part of Environmental Management Plan is briefly described in the
following sections.
12.5.1 Environmental measures for labour camps

12.5.1.1 Facilities in labour camps
It is recommended that project authorities can compulsorily ask the contractors to make
semi-permanent structures for their workers. These structures could be tin sheds. These
sheds can have internal compartments allotted to each worker family. The sheds will
have electricity and ventilation system, water supply and community latrines. The water
for meeting domestic requirements may be collected from the rivers or streams flowing
upstream of the labour camps.
12.5.1.2 Sanitation facilities

One community toilet can be provided per 20 persons. The sewage from the community
latrines can be treated in a sewage treatment plant before disposal.
12.5.1.3 Solid waste management from labour camps

For solid waste collection, suitable number of masonry storage vats, each of 2 m3
capacity should be constructed at appropriate locations in various labour camps. These

vats should be emptied at regular intervals and shall be disposed at identified landfill
sites. Suitable solid waste collection and disposal arrangement shall be provided. A
suitable landfill site should be identified and designed to contain municipal waste from
various Project Township, labour colonies, etc. The landfill site shall be finalized.
12.5.1.4 Provision of free fuel

During the construction period of the project, there would be around 600 labour and
technical staff would be involved in the project construction work. Many families may
prefer cooking on their own instead of using community kitchen. In the absence of fuel
for cooking, they would resort to tree cutting and using wood as fuel. To avoid such a
situation, the project authority shall make LPG and or kerosene available to the labour
population involved in construction activities. The supply of LPG and kerosene can be
ensured on regular basis. A local depot can be established through LPG/ kerosene
suppliers for supply of the same.
12.5.2 Muck Disposal
A part of the muck generated, is proposed to be utilized for construction works after
crushing it into the coarse and fine aggregates. The balance quantum of muck would
have to be disposed. The muck shall be disposed in designated muck disposal yards.
The site shall then be stabilized by implementing bioengineering treatment measures.
Muck disposal is done after creating terraces thus usable terraces are developed. The
overall idea is to enhance/maintain aesthetic view in the surrounding area of the project
in post-construction period and avoid contamination of any land or water resource due
to muck disposal.
Suitable retaining walls shall be constructed to develop terraces so as to support the

muck on vertical slope and for optimum space utilization. Loose muck would be
compacted layer wise. The muck disposal area will be developed in a series of terraces
of boulder crate wall and masonry wall to protect the area/muck from Hood water during
monsoons. In-between the terraces, catch water drain will be provided.
The terraces of the muck disposal area will be ultimately covered with fertile soil and
suitable plants will be planted adopting suitable bio-technological measures.
Various activities proposed as a part of the management plan are given as below:

• Land acquisition for muck dumping sites

• Civil works (construction of retaining walls, boulder crate walls etc.)
• Dumping of muck
• Levelling of the area, terracing and implementation of various engineering
control measures e.g., boulder crate wall, masonry wall, catch water drain.
• Spreading or soil
• Application of fertilizers to facilitate vegetation growth over disposal sites.
For stabilization of muck dumping areas following engineering and biological measures
have been proposed:
Engineering Measures
• Wire crate wall
• Boulder crate wall
• Retaining wall
• Catch water drain
Biological Measures
• Plantation of suitable tree species and soil binding species
• Plantation of ornamental plants
• Barbed wire fencing
12.5.3 Restoration Plan for Quarry Sites

The following biological and engineering measures are suggested for the restoration of
quarry site:
• Garland drains around quarry site to capture the runoff and divert the same to
the nearest natural drain.
• Construction of concrete guards
• Check the soil erosion of the area.
• The pit formed after excavation to be filled with small rocks, sand and farm yard
manure.
• Grass slabs will be placed to stabilize and to check the surface runoff of water
and loose soil.

• Bench terracing of quarry sites once extraction of construction material is

completed.
12.5.4 Restoration and Landscaping of Project Sites

The working area of power house complex colony area have been selected for
beautification of the project area after construction is over. The upper and lower
reservoirs can become tourist attractions. Thus, there is a need to develop parks,
restaurants, benches for sitting, development of resting sheds, walking trails, etc. The
beautification would be carried out by developing plantations ornamental plants and
flower gardens.
There would be sufficient open space in power house complex and colony area. Forested
area in the power house complex would provide aesthetic view and add to natural scenic
beauty. The beautification in the colony area would be carried out by development of
flowering beds for plantation of ornamental plants, creepers, flower garden and a small
park, construction of benches for sitting, resting sheds, walk way and fountain.
12.5.5 Compensation for Acquisition of Forest Land

Based on the ownership status of land to be acquired, it is proposed to afforest twice the
forest area being acquired for the project. The species for afforestation shall be selected
in consultation with local forest department. In addition to compensatory afforestation,
cost of trees and NPV will also be paid by the project proponent.
12.5.6 Anti-poaching measures

It is recommended to commission check posts at various sites, i.e. labour camps,
construction material storage site, alignment of water conductor system, etc. during
project construction phase. Each check post will have 4 guards. One Range Officer
would be employed to supervise the operation of these check-posts and ensure that
poaching does not become a common phenomenon in the area. These check posts also
will also be provided with appropriate communication facilities and other infrastructure
as well.
12.5.7 Bio-diversity Conservation Plan

As a part of the EIA study a detailed Bio diversity plan shall be formulated. The plan
shall cover measures for conservation of floral and faunal species including awareness
programme infrastructure development etc.
12.5.8 Greenbelt Development

Although the forest loss due to various project appurtenant structures compensated as a
part of compensatory afforestation, it is proposed to develop greenbelt around the
periphery of various project appurtenances, selected stretches along periphery of Upper
and Lower Reservoirs.
12.5.9 Sustenance of Riverine Fisheries

As a part of the CEIA study, it is proposed to study the presence of various fish species
in river Sileru. Based on the type of fish species available in the Study Area, appropriate
management measures will be implemented.
Based on present level of information, it is proposed to implement supplementary

stocking programmes for sustenance of endemic fisheries. It is proposed to stock upper
and lower Reservoir, river Sileru upstream of Upper Reservoir and downstream of
Lower Reservoir. The stocking can be done annually by the Fisheries Department, State
Government of Andhra Pradesh.
12.5.10 Public Health Delivery System

The suggested measures are given in following paragraphs:
• The site selected for habitation of workers shall not be in the path of natural
drainage.
• Adequate drainage system to dispose storm water drainage from the labour
colonies shall be provided.
• Adequate vaccination and immunization facilities shall be provided for workers
at the construction sites.
• The labour camps and resettlement sites shall be at least 2 km away from a main
water body or quarry areas.
As a part of Health Delivery System, following measures shall be implemented:

• Clearing of shoreline, mats and floating debris, etc. to reduce the proliferation
of mosquitoes.
• Development of medical facilities in the project area and near labour camps
• Implementation of mosquito control activities in the area.
Infrastructure
Dispensary:
Considering the number of rooms, staff quarters and open space etc., it is estimated that
10,000 sq.feet of plot will be required for dispensary, out of which about 8000 sq. feet
will be the built-up land which includes staff quarters, etc.
First Aid Posts:

Temporary first aid posts shall be provided at major construction sites. These will be
constructed with CGl sheets, bamboos, ballies, etc.
12.5.11 Maintenance of Water Quality
The sewage generated from the labour camps, as mentioned earlier, is proposed to be
treated in sewage treatment plant prior to disposal. In addition, it is proposed to treat the
effluent generated from batching plant, concrete mixer, workshop, etc. prior to disposal.
In the project operation phase, a plant colony with about 100 quarters & 100 rooms in
field hostels is likely to be set up. The sewage so generated would be treated through a
sewage treatment plant, equipped with secondary treatment units.
12.5.12 Control of Noise
The suggested measures are given in following paragraphs:
• Contractors will be required to maintain properly functioning equipment and
comply with occupational safety and health standards.
• Construction equipment will be required to use available noise suppression
devices and properly maintained mufflers.
• Vehicles to be equipped with mufflers recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer.
• Staging of construction equipment and unnecessary idling of equipment within
noise sensitive areas to be avoided whenever possible.
• Use of temporary sound fences or barriers to be evaluated.

• Monitoring of noise levels will be conducted during the construction phase of

the project. In case of exceeding of pre-determined acceptable noise levels by
the machinery will require the contractor(s) to stop work and remedy the
situation prior to continuing construction.
12.5.13 Control of Air Pollution
Minor air quality impacts will be caused by emissions from construction vehicles,
equipment and DG sets, and emissions from transportation traffic. Frequent truck trips
will be required during the construction period for removal of excavated material and
delivery of select concrete and other equipment and materials. The following measures
are recommended to control air pollution:
• Contractor will be responsible for maintaining properly functioning
construction equipment to minimize exhaust.
• Construction equipment and vehicles will be turned off when not used for
extended periods of time.
• Unnecessary idling of construction vehicles to be prohibited.
• Effective traffic management to be undertaken to avoid significant delays in and
around the project area.
• Road damage caused by sub-project activities will be promptly attended to with
proper road repair and maintenance work.
12.5.14 Dust Control

To minimize issues related to the generation of dust during the construction phase of the
project, the following measures have been identified:
• Identification of construction limits (minimal area required for construction
activities).
• When practical, excavated spoils will be removed as the contractor proceeds
along the length of the activity.
• When necessary, stockpiling of excavated material will be covered or staged
offsite location with muck being delivered as needed during the course of
construction.

• Excessive soil on paved areas will be sprayed (wet) and/or swept and unpaved
areas will be sprayed and/or mulched. The use of petroleum products or similar
products for such activities will be strictly prohibited.
• Contractors will be required to cover stockpiled soils and trucks hauling soil,
sand, and other loose materials (or require trucks to maintain at least two feet of
freeboard).
• Contractor shall ensure that there is effective traffic management at site. The
number of trucks/vehicles to move at various construction sites to be fixed.
• Dust sweeping - The construction area and vicinity (access roads, and working
areas) shall be swept with water sweepers on a daily basis or as necessary to
ensure there is no visible dust.
12.6 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN

Based on the present level of investigations, no private land is to be acquired. The
information of families losing land, houses and other private properties shall also be
ascertained as a part of CEIA study. A detailed socio-economic survey for the Project
Affected Families (PAFs) will be conducted as a part of the site. Based on the findings
of the survey an appropriate Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan will be formulated
as per the norms and guidelines of Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in
Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.
12.7 CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT

The following aspects are proposed as a part of the Catchment Area Treatment Plan to
be prepared as a part of the CEIA study:
• Delineation of micro-watersheds in the river catchment and mapping of
critically degraded areas requiring various biological and engineering treatment
measures.
• Identification of area for treatment based upon Remote Sensing & GIS
methodology and Silt Yield Index (SYI) method of AISLUS coupled with
ground survey.
• Prioritization of watershed for treatment based upon SYI.
• Spatial Information in each micro watershed to be earmarked on maps

• CAT plan would be prepared with year-wise Physical and financial details.
12.8 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT UNDER LOCAL AREA

DEVELOPMENT PLAN (LADP)
A lump-sum budget @ 0.25% of the Project Cost has been earmarked for development
of Infrastructure as a pan of Local Area Development Plan. The activities envisaged
are given as below:
• Upgradation of Education Facilities
• Strengthening of existing PHSCs/ Health Care Facilities
• Construction of community toilets
• Approach Roads and Widening of Existing Roads
• Upgradation of Drinking Water Supply
• Miscellaneous activities
12.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

The Environmental Impact Assessment is basically an evaluation of future events. It is
necessary to continue monitoring certain parameters identified as critical by relevant
authorities under an Environmental Monitoring Programme. This would anticipate any
environmental problem so as to take effective mitigation measures. An Environmental
Monitoring Programme will be formulated for implementation during project
construction and operation phases. The cost estimates and equipment necessary for the
implementation of this programme shall also be covered as a part of the Comprehensive
EIA study.
The Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation during construction

and operation phases is given in Tables-12.8 and 12.9 respectively.
Table-12.8: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project
Construction Phase
S. No. Item Parameters Frequescy Location

Before and after
Effluent from pH, BOD,COD, Once Every treatment from
1
STP TSS, TDS Month Sewage
Treatment plant

Identification of
water related
diseases,
Water related Three times a Labour Camps
2 adequacy of local
Diseases year and colonies
vector control
and curative
measures, etc.
Equivalent noise Once in three At major
3 Noise
level (Leg) months construction sites
Ambient air Once every At major
4 PM10, SO2, NO2
quality season construction sites
Table-12.9: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project

Operation Phase
S. No. Item Parameters Frequescy Location

pH, Temperature, • Upper and
EC, Turbidity, Lower
Total Sissolved Reservoir
Solids, Calcium, • 1 and 5 km
Magnesium, upstream of
Three times a
1 Water Total Hardness, upper reservoir
year
Chlorides, dam site
Sulphates, • 1,5 and 10 km
Nitrates, DO, downstream of
COD, BOD, Iron, Lower
Zinc, Manganese Reservoir
Effluent from Before and after
Sewage pH, BOD,COD, Once Every treatment from
2
Treatment TSS, TDS Month Sewage Treatment
Plant (STP) plant
Soil erosion
Erosion & rates, stability of
3 Twice a Year -
Siltation bank
embankment, etc.
Status of
afforestation
Afforestation Once in two
4 programmes of -
program years
green belt
development
Identification of
water related
Water-Related Three times a Village adjacent
5 diseases,
Diseases year to the project sites
adequacy of local
vector control

and curative
measures, etc.
• Upper and
Lower
Reservoir
• 1 and 5 km
Phytoplankton,
upstream of
Aquatic zooplankton,
6 Once in a year upper reservoir
Ecology benthic life, fish
dam site
composition
• 1,5 and 10 km
downstream of
Lower
Reservoir
Land use pattern Catchment area of
7 Land use using satellite Once in a year Upper and Lower
data Reservoirs
Catchment area of
pH, EC, texture,
8 Soils Once in a year Upper and Lower
Organic matter
Reservoirs
12.10 COST FOR IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The total amount to be spent for implementation of Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) is Rs. 5867.50 Lakhs. The details are given in Table-12.10.
Table-12.10: Cost for Implementing Environmental Management Plan
S. No. Item Cost ( Rs. Lakhs)
1 Compensatory Afforestation
a Cost of land( including afforestation ) 5750.00
b Afforestation charges 7.50

Public Health Measures to control water
2 30.00
and soil borne diseases
3 Provision of fuel to the labor 20.00
Control of aquatic weeds in submergence
4 20.00
area
Restoration of land in constructional area
5 20.00
by filling and grading etc.
6 Protection of rare or endangered species 20.00
Total 5867.50

12.11 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the preliminary assessment of environmental issues considered in the present
Chapter, it is proposed to conduct, a detailed Comprehensive EIA study with an
objective to assess various impacts likely to accrue as a result of construction and
operation of the proposed project on various aspects of Environment. Appropriate
management measures too shall be delineated as a part of Environmental Management
Plan (EMP), which will be covered as a part of the Comprehensive EIA study.

CHAPTER-XIII
COST ESTIMATE
Chapter.13: Cost Estimate 13-i PFR

CHAPTER-XIII
COST ESTIMATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
13.1 General 13-1
13.2 Basis of the Cost Estimate 13-1
13.3 Broad Sub-head-wise Provision for Civil Works 13-2
13.4 Unit-I – Head Works, Power House Works 13-3
13.4.1 Direct Charges 13-3
13.4.1.1 I-Works 13-4
13.4.1.2 II - Establishment 13-6
13.4.1.3 III – Tools & Plants 13-6
13.4.1.4 IV-Receipts and Recoveries on Capital Account 13-7
13.4.2 Indirect Charges 13-7
13.5 Unit-III - Cost of Electro-mechanical works 13-7
13.6 Estimated cost of the project 13-7
Chapter.13: Cost Estimate 13-i PFR

CHAPTER-XIII
COST ESTIMATE
13.1 GENERAL
The present Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project is proposed to be constructed on river
Sileru- a tributary of the major river in its own right of the Godavari River System. The
Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project (USPSP) is located on Sileru River near Sileru
village about 200 km from Visakhapatnam / Rajahmundry. The project envisages re-
utilisation of water of the Guntawada reservoir which is presently being used for power
generation at existing Hydro Electric Power Station and surplus spilled from the
reservoir. This water shall be stored at proposed weir in Donkarayi reservoir located in
the downstream side for reutilisation during pumping mode.
The cost estimate has been prepared in detail to arrive at the total capital cost of “Upper
Sileru Pumped Storage project”. The estimate is based on the market rates for the year
2018-19 for material, labour, equipment etc.
The estimate has been prepared separately for civil, hydro-mechanical and electro-
mechanical works.
13.2 BASIS OF THE COST ESTIMATE
The total estimated cost of the project including direct and indirect charges is Rs.
8467.50 crores and including IDC with escalation is Rs.11054.10 Crores. The
detailed estimate of cost of civil works is based on planning and preliminary designs of
various components of works after review of site conditions, carrying out detailed field
investigations and analysis and studies etc.
General arrangement and layout details of various structures as well as their salient
features are shown in drawings Volume of this report.
Analysis of rates for major items of civil works has been carried out. Rate for minor
items of works and lump sum provisions for some works have been made on the basis
of experience on similar projects which have been completed recently or are under
Chapter.13: Cost Estimate 13-1 PFR

construction.
The total costs of these schemes have been worked out on the basis of Andhra Pradesh
SOR 2018-19 and the same is given in the general abstracts of the cost. The quantities
have been worked out by calculating the quantities of different items of work involved
from the design drawings of different structures and then multiplying the respective
quantities with the applicable unit rates as per SOR 2018-19. The applicable unit rates,
in turn are based upon cost of material, labour input, cost of transportation etc. as
prevailing in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
13.3 BROAD SUB-HEAD-WISE PROVISION FOR CIVIL WORKS
The provisions under various sub-heads are based on “Guidelines for Preparation of
Detailed Project Reports of Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects” issued by the
Ministry of Water Resources and ‘Guidelines for Formulation of Detailed Project
Reports for Hydroelectric schemes, their acceptance and Examination for Concurrence”
issued by Central Electricity Authority.
The project cost is classified in two groups as per CWC guidelines. These groups are
following:
UNIT-I : Head works, Power House Works
This head includes the cost of following components:
 Rubber Dam
 Intakes, Power House, Head Race Tunnels, Tail Race Tunnels, Penstocks etc.
 Approach road
The total cost of civil works is Rs. 5021.00 crores
UNIT-III : E & M Works
This unit includes the cost of electromechanical works. Total cost of the Unit-III items
is Rs 3446.50 crores.

The abstract of Cost of the project is given hereunder:
ABSTRACT OF COST
Unit-I Unit-III Grand Total
Sl.No Description Amount Amount Amount
(Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. In Lakhs) (Rs. In Lakhs)
A) DIRECT CHARGES
I Works 447785.91 312987.77 760773.68
II Establishment 17809.94 12519.51 30329.45
III Tools And Plants 5597.32 5597.32
IV Suspense 0.00 0.00
V Receipts And Recoveries -315.93 -315.93
VI Goods & Service Tax @ 6% 26714.90 18328.95 45043.85
Total Direct Charges 497592.14 343836.23 841428.37
B) INDIRECT CHARGES 4507.86 813.77 5321.63
Grand Total (Rs. in Lakhs) 502100.00 344650.00 846750.00

Grand Total (Rs. in Crore) 5021.00 3446.50 8467.50
13.4 UNIT-I – HEAD WORKS, POWER HOUSE WORKS

13.4.1 DIRECT CHARGES
Direct charges are the expenses incurred on various civil/electro-mechanical works,

establishment, tool and plants, suspense account and receipts and recoveries. Direct
Charges have been further classified into five categories:
I Works
II Establishment
III Tools and Plants
IV Suspense
V Receipt and Recoveries.
The details of above sub-heads under Direct Charges are given in the following

paragraphs.
13.4.1.1 I-Works
A-Preliminary
Under this sub-head provision has been made for topographical surveys, geological and
geophysical investigations including drilling, drifting, field and laboratory tests on
rocks, construction material investigations and testing, collection of hydrological and
meteorological data, hydraulic model studies and environmental and ecological studies.
Provision has also been made for consultant’s fees for preparation of the project report
and other reports. The total provision under this sub-head is Rs. 19.75 crores which is
less than 2% I-Works.
B-Land
This sub-head covers the provision for acquisition/purchase of land for permanent
works, approach roads, camp sites, workshops, stores, offices, residential and non-
residential areas for construction and maintenance staff etc. Provision for compensation
for houses and trees coming in the project area is also included in this sub-head. The
total provision under this sub-head is Rs.25.375 crores.
C-Civil Works and J-Power Plant Civil Works
These cover the cost of civil engineering structures comprising of Rubber Dam, coffer
dam for construction of Rubber dam & Power Intake, intake, desilting chamber,
headrace tunnel, surge shafts, penstocks, power house complex, main access tunnel,
adits, tail race tunnel and pump intake etc.
A provision of Rs. 686.26 crores have been under the head of C- Civil Works while for
J-Power Plant civil Works a provision of Rs. 3574.79 crores has been considered.
K-Buildings
Provision has been made under this sub-head for permanent and temporary buildings
for various categories of staff, non-residential buildings for offices, work-shops, stores,

rest houses and field hostels and other service buildings such as hospital, school and
utility services etc. Provisions for land development, lawns and gardens fencing,
internal water supply, sanitation and electrical fittings have been made as per norms for
various types of buildings. The total provision under this sub-head is Rs. 35.48 crores.
M-Plantation
A provision of Rs. 1.20 crores has been kept under this sub-head.
O-Miscellaneous
Provision under this head has been made to cover the cost of the following
miscellaneous works:
a) Capital cost of electrification, water supply, sewage disposal, firefighting

equipment etc.
b) Repair and maintenance of electrification, water supply, sewage disposal, medical
assistance, recreation, post office, telephone & telegraph office, security
arrangements, firefighting, inspection vehicles, schools, transport of labour etc.
c) Other services such as laboratory testing, R&M of Guest House and transit camps,
community centre, retrenchment compensation, photographic instruments as well
as R & M charges etc.
A provision for Rs. 10.25 crores has been made for meeting cost of various items under
this head.
P-Maintenance
The provision has been made under this sub-head for maintenance of buildings, roads
and main civil works during the construction period of the project. The total provision
under this sub-head is 1% of I-Works less A-Preliminary, B-Land, Q-Special T&P, O-
Maintenance, M-Plantation and X-Environment and Ecology.
Q-Special Tool and Plants
The provision under this head has been made to cover the residual value of the
equipment to be used for infrastructure works only re-capital cost of equipment less the

credit due to resale or transfer of equipments and life of machinery used in works. For
this purpose, the provision for the machinery likely to be used in infrastructure works
(like buildings, roads etc.) excluding inspection vehicles, has been taken as 25% of their
value and for inspection vehicles, 100% of the cost has been booked under this head.
The total provision under this head is Rs. 1.54 crores.
R-Communications
Provision has been made under this sub-head for construction of approach roads/road
tunnel, widening of existing roads to make them suitable for the project. The total
provision under this sub-head is Rs. 10.69 crores.
X-Environment and Ecology
Provision under this sub-head has been made for compensatory afforestation measures
for maintaining environment and ecological balance of the area, public health measures
etc. Provision has also been made for treatment of catchment area for prevention of soil
erosion etc. The total provision under this sub-head is Rs. 58.67 crores.
Y-Losses on Stock
Provision under this sub-head has been made as 0.25% of I-Works less A-Preliminary,
B-Land and Q- Special T&P which comes out to be Rs. 10.77 crores.
13.4.1.2 II-Establishment
Provision of @ 4% of I-Works less B-Land. This provision also includes establishment

for carrying out detailed design and cost control cell.
13.4.1.3 III-Tools & Plants
Provision of @ 1% of I-works has been included under this heading and provision of
Rs. 55.97 crores has been considered.
13.4.1.4 IV-Receipt and Recoveries on Capital Account

Under this sub-head estimated recoveries by way of transfer of temporary buildings @

15% resale of Special T&P (20%) and other miscellaneous recoveries have been
provided. The total provision under this sup-head is Rs. 3.16 crores.
13.4.2 INDIRECT CHARGES
These charges cover the cost towards fees for audit and accounts which has been taken
as 1% of I-works and 1% of S - E&M works as per norms. Provision has also been
made for capitalization of land abatement revenue. A provision of Rs. 45.08 crores in
total has been kept for the indirect charges.
13.5 UNIT-III - COST OF ELECTROMECHANICAL WORKS
Cost of generating plant and equipment is based on current budgetary prices of plant
for 9 x 150 MW generating units for Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project.
A provision for initial spares has been made along with the cost of the equipment in
each case. Prices of major auxiliary equipment and services are based on current
budgetary prices while that of some minor items are based on prices for similar
equipment procured in the past for similar projects.
Provision for GST, insurance, and transport to site are based on prevalent rates. Erection
& commissioning charges have been provided based on practice for similar installations
in the country.
Provision of Rs. 3446.50 crores has been made for electromechanical works.
13.6 ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROJECT
The total estimated cost of the project including direct and indirect charges is Rs.
8467.50 crores and including IDC with escalation is Rs.11054.10 Crores. The
detailed cost estimate of the project is appended at the end of this chapter.

ABSTRACT OF COST
Unit-I Unit-III
Grand Total (Rs.
Sl.No Description Amount Amount
in Lakhs)
(Rs. in Lakhs) (Rs. In Lakhs)
A) DIRECT CHARGES
I WORKS 447785.91 312987.77 760773.68
II ESTABLISHMENT 17809.94 12519.51 30329.45
III TOOLS AND PLANTS 5597.32 5597.32
IV SUSPENSE 0.00 0.00
V RECEIPTS AND RECOVERIES -315.93 -315.93
VI GOODS & SERVICE TAX @ 6% 26714.90 18328.95 45043.85
TOTAL DIRECT CHARGES 497592.14 343836.23 841428.37
B) INDIRECT CHARGES 4507.86 813.77 5321.63
Grand Total (Rs. in Lakhs ) : 502100.00 344650.00 846750.00

Grand Total (Rs. in Crore): 5021.00 3446.50 8467.50
UNIT-I CIVIL WORKS - ABSTRACT OF COST

Unit-I
Sl.No Description Amount
in Lakhs
Name of Subheads
A) DIRECT CHARGES
I WORKS
1 A - Preliminary 1975.00
2 B - Land 2537.50
3 C. Works 68625.86
4 D- Regulators
5 E-Fall
6 F Cross Drainage Works
7 G Bridges
8 H Escape
9 J Power Plant 357478.99
10 K Buildings 3548.31
11 L Earthwork
12 L2 Lining
13 L3 Service Road
12 M Plantation 120.00
13 N Tanks & Reservoir
14 O Miscellaneous 1025.00
15 P Maintenance 4307.23
16 Q - Special T & P 154.00
17 R - Communication 1069.72
18 U-Distributaries, Minors and sub minors
19 V-Water courses / field channels
20 X Environment and Ecology 5867.50
21 Y - Losses on stock 1076.81
Total I-Works 447785.91
II ESTABLISHMENT
Establishment charges at 4% of I works excluding B Land 17809.94
III TOOLS AND PLANTS
1 Tools & Plants @ 1% of cost of I-Works 4477.86
2 Consultancy 3rd party quality control and E procurement @ 0.25% 1119.46
IV SUSPENSE 0.00
V RECEIPTS AND RECOVERIES -315.93
VI Good and Service Tax @ 6% 26714.90
Total Direct Charges 497592.14
B) INDIRECT CHARGES
Capitalisation of abatement of land revenue at 5% of cost of cultivated
30.00
land
Audit and Accounts charges at 1% of I-works 4477.86
Total Indirect Charges 4507.86
Grand Total (Rs. in Lakhs ) : 502100.00
Grand Total (Rs. in Crore): 5021.00
UPPER SILERU PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT ( 9 X 150 MW)
Abstract of Cost Estimates of Electro-mechanical works
Price Level: 2018-19

S.No. Item Amount
(Rs. Lakhs)
1 Preliminary - (Annex I) 400.00
2 Generating Plant and Equipment
a) Generator, turbine and accessories-(Annex II) 222970.35
b) Auxiliary electrical equipment for power station - (Annex III) 23676.44
c) Auxiliary mechanical equipment and services for power station - (Annex IV) 2064.30
d) Transportation,handling and Insurance charges @ 6 % of 2(a), (b), (c) 14922.67
e) Erection and commissioning charges @ 8 % of 2 (a), (b) & ( c ) excluding spares 19896.89
Total Generating Plant and Equipment
Sub-Total (Generating Plant and Equipment) 283530.64
3 Pothead yard equipment
a) Pohead yard equipment and auxiliary equipment and service for Pothead yard -
(Annex V) 824.00
b) Transportation,handling and insurance charges @ 6 % of 3(a) 49.44
c) Erection and commissioning charges @ 6% of 3(a) excluding spares 65.92
Sub-Total ( Pothead yard equipment ) 939.36
4 400 kV Equipment
a) 400 KV GIS , XLPE CABLE, & Step down Transformer - (Annex VI) 20612.50
b) Freight & Insurance @ 5%(Inland) of item-4(a) 1236.75
c) Erection and commissioning charges @ 5% of item 4 (a) excluding spares 1649.00
Sub-Total ( 400 kV Equipment ) 23498.25
5 Cost of E&M Eqpt. (Sub-Total of items 2, 3 & 4) 307968.25
Contingencies @1% of items on item 7 3079.68
Tools and Plants@0.5%of item 7 1539.84
Total cost of E&M Eqpt. (Sub-Total of items 1 to 5) 312987.77
OVERHEADS
6 Establishment @ 4% 12519.51
7 Sub-Total ( item 5 to 6) 325507.28
8 Audit and Account charges @ 0.25% of 7 813.77
9 GST
A) GST on E & M Equipments @ 6% 16232.86
B) GST on Transportation, Handling, Erection and Commission Charges etc. @

6% (items 2 (d), 2 (e) , 3 (b), 3 (c) 2096.09
GRAND TOTAL 344650.00

CHAPTER-XIV
ECONOMIC EVALUTION
Chapter.14: Economic Evaluation 14-i PFR

CHAPTER – XIV
ECONOMIC EVALUATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
14.2 Policy Guidelines of the Government of India 14-1
14.3 Annual Charges 14-2
14.4 Energy Charges 14-2
14.5 Generation 14-2
14.6 Financial Analysis 14-2
14.6.1 General 14-2
14.6.2 Repayment Period 14-3
14.6.3 Annual Escalation 14-3
14.6.4 Front-End and Management Fees 14-3
14.6.5 Project Cost and Phasing of Expenditure 14-3
14.6.6 Units available for sale 14-4
14.6.7 Energy Cost 14-4
Chapter.14: Economic Evaluation 14-i PFR

CHAPTER – XIV
ECONOMIC EVALUATION
14.1 INTRODUCTION
Economic evaluation of a hydropower project requires evaluation of tariff which will

be able to give at least required return on equity as well as loan component of
investment. Lower the tariff rate higher the economic viability of the project. Further,
the tariff rate should be competitive enough to match with other source of energy such
as coal, solar, wind etc. In the present chapter efforts have been made to evaluate tariff
for the proposed Sileru Pump storage scheme.
14.2 POLICY GUIDELINES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
The Government of India has made a number of policy changes in the power sector for
providing an enabling framework for increased participation of various sectors in the
electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Restructuring and regulation of the
procedure for fixation of power tariff is part of this initiative and Central Electricity
Regulatory Commission (CERC) was constituted in July, 1988 under the Electricity
Regulatory Commissions Act, 1988 with the omission of Section 43A (2) of the
Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, which enabled the Central Government to determine the
terms and conditions of tariff, the jurisdiction to regulate tariff came to be vested in the
Commission. Section 61 of the Electricity Act, 2003 the Commission specifies the
terms and conditions for the determinations of tariff while Section 62 of the Act
envisages that based on the terms and conditions specified by the Commission, the
Commission shall determine the actual tariff. The Energy cost for hydro power
generating stations shall comprise the recovery for annual capacity charges and energy
charges. Annual capacity charges will consist of interest on loan capital and
depreciation. Energy charges will consist of operation and maintenance expenses,
return on equity and interest on working capital.
Economic evaluation of Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project has been made in
accordance with the CERC regulations No. L-1/144/2013/CERC dated February 21,
Chapter.14: Economic Evaluation 14-1 PFR

2014, which is also referred to as CERC (Terms and conditions of Tariff) Regulations
2014. This regulation has validity for a period of five years from April1 2014 to March
31, 2019.
14.3 ANNUAL CHARGES

a) Interest @ 9.95% on loan capital is computed on outstanding loans. Repayment
period is taken as 20 years.
b) Rate of depreciation per annum is taken as 5.28% of the total completed cost of the
project. The Salvage value of the asset shall be considered as 10% and the depreciation
shall be allowed up to 90% of the total cost of the project.
14.4 ENERGY CHARGES

a) Operation and maintenance expenses, inclusive of insurance expenses for the first
full year after commissioning of the plant has been calculated at 2% of the total
completed cost of the project and in the subsequent years this has been increased
by 5.72% over the previous year expense.
b) Return on equity @ 16.5% has been considered.
c) Interest @ 12% on working capital covers:
i) The operation and maintenance expenses for one month.
ii) Receivables equivalent to two months of average billing for sale of
electricity.
14.5 GENERATION
In a year, the planned peak power generation will be 2800 hours considering the rate of
8 hours per day for 350 days operation the estimated maximum annual energy
generation will be 3780 MU. The Pumping will have to be carried out for 2700 hours
(i.e. 300 days and 9 hours each day) per year. The energy required for pumping works
out to 4131 MU. The ratio of generation to pumping energy works out to 78.43 %. Load
factor in turbine mode will be 27.39% and in pumping mode will be 30.82%.
14.6 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
14.6.1 General
The project is proposed to be financed through term loans from financial institution and
balance through equity participation or as in practice of corporation. The basic

methodology for carrying out the financial analysis is to find out energy cost taking into
account the total project cost with an assured return of 16.5% as dividend on equity.
Debt: Equity ratio of 2.33: 1 i.e., loan and equity components of 70% and 30%
respectively of the total completed cost of the project has been considered. The rate of
interest during construction and repayment of loan has been taken as 9.95%.
14.6.2 Repayment Period
Normally, the leading Financial Institutions in India prescribe a maximum repayment

period of 20 years after the commencement of commercial production. A period of
repayment of 20 years has, therefore, been taken into account, in fixation of tariff.
14.6.3 Annual Escalation

The project implementation period has been taken as 4 years from the date of financial
closure. The rate of escalation has been taken as 5%, compounded annually, based on
the price indices for the previous years for Civil and HM Works only and no escalation
for E&M works.
14.6.4 Front-End and Management Fees
All the Financial Institutions (both Indian and Foreign) charge what is known as Front-
end or Management fees on loan capital. These are made to cover the financial
commitment/servicing charges. Since this is an established practice, the same has been
taken into account in calculation of the capital cost. However, these charges have not
been considered.
14.6.5 Project Cost and Phasing of Expenditure
Sr. No. Works Cost (in Rs. Crores)

1 Civil and Hydro Mechanical Works 5021.00
2 Electrical and Electro-Mechanical Works 3446.50
Total 8467.50
Total Including IDC and Front end Fee without Escalation 9214.60
Total Including IDC and Front end Fee with Escalation 11054.10

14.6.6 Units available for sale

Design energy corresponding to 8 hrs generation per day is 3780 Million Units.
As per CERC guidelines, 1.0% of the units generated are accounted for auxiliary
consumption, 0.5% of the units generated have been taken as the loss in the
transformation up to bus bars. Royalty charges (Free power to home state) of 0 % are
also considered is also considered in the analysis wherever applicable. Thus the net
units available considering the royalty charges will be 3720 Million Units.
14.6.7 Energy Cost
The tariff has been worked out on the basis of the latest CERC guidelines. Details of
financial analysis including calculations of tariff during 35 years of operation are
presented at Table 14.1 through 14.4 for different cases as mentioned below.
Tariff rates for various cases
S. Sale rate of power, Levelized Escalation Annexure
No. Rs. Per Unit, during tariff
1st year of operation Rs. Per
Unit
1. 5.93 4.95 Without Refer Table

escalation 14.4(A)
2. 6.16 5.49 With Refer Table

escalation 14.4(B)
Considering total cost including IDC and excluding escalation, the sale rate of power
will be Rs. 5.93 per Unit during first year of operation and levelized tariff for 35 years
works out to Rs. 4.95 per Unit. As per Draft Notification issued by CERC stated
that:“(iii) in case of pump storage hydro generating stations, the quantum of electricity
required for pumping water from down-stream reservoir to upstream reservoir shall be
arranged by the beneficiaries duly taking into account the transmission and distribution
losses etc. up to the bus bar of the generating station. In return beneficiaries will be
entitled to equivalent energy of 75% of the energy utilized in pumping the water from
the lower elevation reservoir to the higher elevation reservoir from the generating
station during peak hours and the generating station shall be under obligation to supply
such quantum of electricity during peak hours.

Table 14.1
Sileru Pump Storage Project
Narmative Parameters
S.No. Indicators Values

1 Equity 20.00%
2 Loan 80.00%
3 Domestic Commercial Borrowing(DCB) 100.00%
4 External Commercial Borrowing(ECB) 0.00%
5 Financing Charges as percentage of Loan 0.00%
6 Development Surcharge on every bill for fixed charge 0.00%
7 Bank Interset rate on DCB Loan 9.95%
8 Bank Interset rate on ECB Loan 0.00%
9 Interset rate on Working Capital 12.00%
10 Rate of Depreciation(ES act) 5.28%
11 Rate of Depreciation(IT act) 25.00%
12 Auxiliary Consumption losses 1.00%
13 Transformation Loss upto Bus Bars 0.50%
14 Losses in Transmission lines upto nearest Substation 0.00%
15 Corporate Tax 0%
16 Return on Equity 16.5%
17 O&M Charges including insurance 2.00%
18 Esclation Rate for O&M 5.72%
19 Esclation Rate for Civil Works 5%
20 Esclation Rate for Equipments 0%
21 Maintenace Spare 1%
22 Maintenance Spare Inflation Rate 6%
23 Number of Installment per year 1
24 Free Power To Home State (Royalty) 0.00%
25 Free for Other Purposes ( e.g. LADA) 0.00%
26 Discount Rate 12.00%
27 Repayment Period for DCB 20.0 Yeras
28 Repayment Period for ECB 20.0 Yeras
29 Moratorium from COD for DCB 1.0 Yeras
30 Moratorium from COD for ECB 0.0 Yeras
31 Pre-Construction/Infrastructure. Development Period 0.0 Yeras
32 Construction period 5.0 Yeras
33 Period of Concession 35.0 Yeras
34 Water Cess 0.0 Paise/ Unit
35 Water charges 0.0 Paise/ Unit
36 Water Charges esclation 0.0 Paise/ Unit/Year
37 Income Tax exemption Period 0.0 Yeras
38 Percentage of Income to be Tax 70%
39 Income Tax Rate 1.0 Paise/ Unit
40 Income tax Surcharge 10%
41 Tax Holiday U/S 80 IA IT act for First 5 Year 7.69%
42 Tax Holiday U/S 80 IA IT act for Next 5 Year 35.88%
43 Lease Rentals 0.0 Rs Lakhs
Table 14. 2
Estimated Project Cost in Real Prices and Nominal Prices

5021 3446.5 5.93 4.950 Unit: Rs. Crores
Price Esclation in Project Cost Estimated Project Cost in

Estimated Project Cost in Real Prices During Construction Nominal Prices
Years Civil
Transmis
Total Civil
Civil Work Transmissio Total E&M sion E&M Transmission Total Project
E&M Cost Work Project Work
Cost n Lines Cost Project Cost Cost Lines Cost Lines Cost Cost
Cost Cost Cost
Cost
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 1004.2 689.3 0.0 1693.5 50.2 0.0 0.0 50.2 1054.4 689.3 0.0 1743.7
2 1255.3 861.6 0.0 2116.9 128.7 0.0 0.0 128.7 1383.9 861.6 0.0 2245.5
3 1255.3 861.6 0.0 2116.9 197.9 0.0 0.0 197.9 1453.1 861.6 0.0 2314.7
4 753.2 517.0 0.0 1270.1 162.3 0.0 0.0 162.3 915.5 517.0 0.0 1432.4
5 753.2 517.0 0.0 1270.1 208.1 0.0 0.0 208.1 961.2 517.0 0.0 1478.2
6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 5021.0 3446.5 0.0 8467.5 747.1 0.0 0.0 747.1 5768.1 3446.5 0.0 9214.6
Table 14. 3(A)
Estimation of Interest During Construction(IDC) at Real Prices

Unit: Rs. Crores
Cumulative Equity Loan Project
Project Cost Equity Loan Cumulative Equity Loan for Total
Years IDC Loan for IDC Component component Cost With
Without IDC Component Component Loan for IDC IDC IDC
IDC With IDC with IDC IDC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 1693.5 0.0 1693.5 1693.5 84.3 16.9 67.4 67.4 3.4 87.6 429.7 1351.4 1781.1
2 2116.9 0.0 2116.9 3810.4 273.8 54.8 219.1 286.5 17.6 291.4 429.7 1978.6 2408.3
3 2116.9 0.0 2116.9 5927.3 484.4 96.9 387.6 674.0 47.8 532.2 0.0 2649.1 2649.1
4 1270.1 0.0 1270.1 7197.4 653.0 130.6 522.4 1196.4 93.1 746.0 0.0 2016.1 2016.1
5 1270.1 0.0 1270.1 8467.5 779.3 155.9 623.5 1819.8 150.1 929.4 0.0 2199.5 2199.5
6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 8467.5 1693.5 6774.0 2274.8 455.0 1819.8 311.8 2586.6 2210.8 10194.7 11054.1
Table 14. 3(B)
Estimation of Interest During Construction(IDC) at Nominal Prices

Unit: Rs. Crores
Cumulative Equity Loan Project
Project Cost Equity Loan Cumulative Equity Loan for
Years IDC Loan for IDC TOTAL IDC
Component component Cost With
Without IDC Component Component Loan for IDC IDC
IDC With IDC with IDC IDC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 1743.7 99.2 1644.5 1644.5 81.8 16.4 65.5 65.5 3.3 85.1 546.8 1282.0 1828.8
2 2245.5 99.2 2146.3 3790.8 270.4 54.1 216.3 281.8 17.3 287.7 546.8 1986.4 2533.2
3 2314.7 0.0 2314.7 6105.6 492.3 98.5 393.9 675.7 47.6 540.0 0.0 2854.7 2854.7
4 1432.4 0.0 1432.4 7538.0 678.8 135.8 543.0 1218.7 94.2 773.0 0.0 2205.4 2205.4
5 1478.2 0.0 1478.2 9016.2 823.6 164.7 658.9 1877.5 154.0 977.6 0.0 2455.8 2455.8
6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 9214.6 1842.9 7371.7 2346.9 469.4 1877.5 316.4 2663.3 2375.6 10784.3 11878.0
Table 14.4 (A)
Calulation of Energy rate at March 2005 Price Level

Unit : Rs Crores
Capacity Charges Energy Charges Interset on Working Capital Depreciation( IT ACT) Tax Liability
Inteest Total
Outstanding O&M for 2 Months Depreciation Total Discount Discounted
Year Intesrest on Depreciation Return on O&M Working on Sum of Yearly Cumulative Energy Tariff
Loan Total 1st Average Spares Depreciation limited to 90% Tax Liabilty Charges Charges Rate Tariff
Loan (ES Act) Equity Charges capital Woring Charges Profit/Loss Profit /Loss
Month Billing of capital cost
Capital
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 10194.70 989.01 583.66 1572.67 364.79 221.08 18.42 367.94 22.66 409.02 49.08 11054.14 2763.54 2763.54 -1815.09 -1815.09 0.00 634.95 2207.62 5.93 1.00 5.93
2 9684.96 938.29 583.66 1521.95 364.79 221.08 18.42 359.31 22.66 400.40 48.05 8290.61 2072.65 2072.65 -1124.21 -2939.30 0.00 633.92 2155.87 5.79 0.89 5.17
3 9175.23 887.58 583.66 1471.23 364.79 221.08 18.42 350.69 22.66 391.77 47.01 6217.96 1554.49 1554.49 -606.04 -3545.34 0.00 632.88 2104.12 5.65 0.80 4.50
4 8665.49 836.86 583.66 1420.52 364.79 221.08 18.42 342.06 22.66 383.15 45.98 4663.47 1165.87 1165.87 -217.42 -3762.76 0.00 631.85 2052.36 5.51 0.71 3.92
5 8155.76 786.14 583.66 1369.80 364.79 221.08 18.42 333.43 22.66 374.52 44.94 3497.60 874.40 874.40 74.05 -3688.72 0.00 630.81 2000.61 5.37 0.64 3.41
6 7646.02 735.42 583.66 1319.08 364.79 221.08 18.42 324.81 22.66 365.89 43.91 2623.20 655.80 655.80 292.65 -3396.07 0.00 629.78 1948.86 5.23 0.57 2.97
7 7136.29 684.70 583.66 1268.36 364.79 221.08 18.42 316.18 22.66 357.27 42.87 1967.40 491.85 491.85 456.60 -2939.47 0.00 628.74 1897.10 5.09 0.51 2.58
8 6626.55 633.98 583.66 1217.64 364.79 221.08 18.42 307.56 22.66 348.64 41.84 1475.55 368.89 368.89 579.56 -2359.92 0.00 627.71 1845.35 4.96 0.45 2.24
9 6116.82 583.26 583.66 1166.92 364.79 221.08 18.42 298.93 22.66 340.02 40.80 1106.66 276.67 1.25 947.20 -1412.72 0.00 626.67 1793.59 4.82 0.40 1.95
10 5607.08 532.55 583.66 1116.20 364.79 221.08 18.42 290.31 22.66 331.39 39.77 830.00 207.50 0.00 948.45 -464.27 0.00 625.64 1741.84 4.68 0.36 1.69
11 5097.35 481.83 583.66 1065.49 364.79 221.08 18.42 318.74 22.66 359.82 43.18 622.50 155.62 0.00 948.45 484.17 217.88 846.93 1912.41 5.14 0.32 1.65
12 4587.61 431.11 583.66 1014.77 364.79 221.08 18.42 345.64 22.66 386.73 46.41 466.87 116.72 0.00 948.45 1432.62 426.80 1059.08 2073.84 5.57 0.29 1.60
13 4077.88 380.39 583.66 964.05 364.79 221.08 18.42 337.02 22.66 378.10 45.37 350.15 87.54 0.00 948.45 2381.06 426.80 1058.04 2022.09 5.43 0.26 1.39
14 3568.14 329.67 583.66 913.33 364.79 221.08 18.42 328.39 22.66 369.47 44.34 262.62 65.65 0.00 948.45 3329.51 426.80 1057.01 1970.34 5.29 0.23 1.21
15 3058.41 278.95 583.66 862.61 364.79 221.08 18.42 319.76 22.66 360.85 43.30 196.96 49.24 0.00 948.45 4277.95 426.80 1055.97 1918.58 5.15 0.20 1.05
16 2548.67 228.23 583.66 811.89 364.79 221.08 18.42 311.14 22.66 352.22 42.27 147.72 36.93 0.00 948.45 5226.40 426.80 1054.94 1866.83 5.01 0.18 0.92
17 2038.94 177.52 583.66 761.17 364.79 221.08 18.42 302.51 22.66 343.60 41.23 110.79 27.70 0.00 948.45 6174.84 426.80 1053.90 1815.08 4.87 0.16 0.80
18 1529.20 126.80 26.53 153.33 364.79 221.08 18.42 156.50 22.66 197.58 23.71 83.09 20.77 0.00 391.32 6566.16 176.09 785.67 939.00 2.52 0.15 0.37
19 1019.47 76.08 0.00 76.08 364.79 221.08 18.42 141.33 22.66 182.42 21.89 62.32 15.58 0.00 364.79 6930.95 164.15 771.91 847.99 2.28 0.13 0.30
20 509.73 25.36 0.00 25.36 364.79 221.08 18.42 132.71 22.66 173.79 20.85 46.74 11.69 0.00 364.79 7295.73 164.15 770.88 796.24 2.14 0.12 0.25
21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 35.06 8.76 0.00 364.79 7660.52 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.10 0.21
22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 26.29 6.57 0.00 364.79 8025.31 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.09 0.19
23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 19.72 4.93 0.00 364.79 8390.09 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.08 0.17
24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 14.79 3.70 0.00 364.79 8754.88 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.07 0.15
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 11.09 2.77 0.00 364.79 9119.67 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.07 0.14
26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 8.32 2.08 0.00 364.79 9484.45 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.06 0.12
27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 6.24 1.56 0.00 364.79 9849.24 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.05 0.11
28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 4.68 1.17 0.00 364.79 10214.03 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.05 0.10
29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 3.51 0.88 0.00 364.79 10578.81 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.04 0.09
30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 2.63 0.66 0.00 364.79 10943.60 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.04 0.08
31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 1.97 0.49 0.00 364.79 11308.39 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.03 0.07
32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 1.48 0.37 0.00 364.79 11673.17 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.03 0.06
33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 1.11 0.28 0.00 364.79 12037.96 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.03 0.06
34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 0.83 0.21 0.00 364.79 12402.75 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.02 0.05
35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 0.62 0.16 0.00 364.79 12767.53 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.02 0.04
36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 0.47 0.12 0.00 364.79 13132.32 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.02 0.04
37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 0.35 0.09 0.00 364.79 13497.11 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.02 0.03
38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 0.26 0.07 0.00 364.79 13861.90 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.02 0.03
39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 0.20 0.05 0.00 364.79 14226.68 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.01 0.03
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.79 221.08 18.42 128.39 22.66 169.48 20.34 0.15 0.04 0.00 364.79 14591.47 164.15 770.36 770.36 2.07 0.01 0.02
LEVELISED TARIFF = 4.95

Table 14.4 (B)
382.3500049
Calulation of Energy rate at March 2005 Price Level
Unit : Rs Crores
Capacity Charges Energy Charges Interset on Working Capital Depreciation( IT ACT) Tax Liability
Total
Outstanding 2 Months Inteest on Depreciation Total Discount Discounted
Year Intesrest on Depreciation Return on O&M O&M for Working Sum of Yearly Cumulative Energy Tariff
Loan Total Average Spares Woring Depreciation limited to 90% Tax Liabilty Charges Charges Rate Tariff
Loan (ES Act) Equity Charges 1st Month capital Charges Profit/Loss Profit /Loss
Billing Capital of capital cost
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 10784.34 1046.22 627.16 1673.37 391.97 178.17 14.85 382.35 24.35 421.55 50.59 11877.96 2969.49 2969.49 -1950.36 -1950.36 0.00 620.73 2294.10 6.16 1.00 6.16
2 10245.12 992.56 627.16 1619.72 391.97 188.36 15.70 374.98 24.35 415.02 49.80 8908.47 2227.12 2227.12 -1207.99 -3158.35 0.00 630.14 2249.86 6.04 0.89 5.39
3 9705.90 938.91 627.16 1566.07 391.97 199.13 16.59 367.70 24.35 408.65 49.04 6681.35 1670.34 1670.34 -651.21 -3809.56 0.00 640.15 2206.21 5.93 0.80 4.72
4 9166.69 885.26 627.16 1512.42 391.97 210.53 17.54 360.53 24.35 402.43 48.29 5011.02 1252.75 1252.75 -233.62 -4043.18 0.00 650.79 2163.21 5.81 0.71 4.14
5 8627.47 831.61 627.16 1458.76 391.97 222.57 18.55 353.48 24.35 396.38 47.57 3758.26 939.57 939.57 79.56 -3963.62 0.00 662.11 2120.87 5.70 0.64 3.62
6 8088.25 777.96 627.16 1405.11 391.97 235.30 19.61 346.54 24.35 390.50 46.86 2818.70 704.67 704.67 314.46 -3649.17 0.00 674.13 2079.24 5.58 0.57 3.17
7 7549.04 724.30 627.16 1351.46 391.97 248.76 20.73 339.73 24.35 384.81 46.18 2114.02 528.51 528.51 490.62 -3158.54 0.00 686.91 2038.37 5.47 0.51 2.77
8 7009.82 670.65 627.16 1297.81 391.97 262.99 21.92 333.05 24.35 379.31 45.52 1585.52 396.38 396.38 622.75 -2535.79 0.00 700.48 1998.28 5.37 0.45 2.43
9 6470.60 617.00 627.16 1244.16 391.97 278.03 23.17 326.51 24.35 374.03 44.88 1189.14 297.28 1.34 1017.79 -1518.00 0.00 714.89 1959.04 5.26 0.40 2.12
10 5931.39 563.35 627.16 1190.50 391.97 293.93 24.49 320.11 24.35 368.96 44.27 891.85 222.96 0.00 1019.13 -498.87 0.00 730.18 1920.68 5.16 0.36 1.86
11 5392.17 509.69 627.16 1136.85 391.97 310.75 25.90 353.69 24.35 403.94 48.47 668.89 167.22 0.00 1019.13 520.25 234.11 985.31 2122.16 5.70 0.32 1.84
12 4852.95 456.04 627.16 1083.20 391.97 328.52 27.38 385.80 24.35 437.53 52.50 501.67 125.42 0.00 1019.13 1539.38 458.61 1231.60 2314.80 6.22 0.29 1.79
13 4313.74 402.39 627.16 1029.55 391.97 347.31 28.94 379.90 24.35 433.20 51.98 376.25 94.06 0.00 1019.13 2558.51 458.61 1249.88 2279.42 6.12 0.26 1.57
14 3774.52 348.74 627.16 975.90 391.97 367.18 30.60 374.19 24.35 429.14 51.50 282.19 70.55 0.00 1019.13 3577.64 458.61 1269.26 2245.15 6.03 0.23 1.38
15 3235.30 295.09 627.16 922.24 391.97 388.18 32.35 368.67 24.35 425.37 51.04 211.64 52.91 0.00 1019.13 4596.77 458.61 1289.81 2212.05 5.94 0.20 1.22
16 2696.08 241.43 627.16 868.59 391.97 410.38 34.20 363.36 24.35 421.91 50.63 158.73 39.68 0.00 1019.13 5615.90 458.61 1311.59 2180.19 5.86 0.18 1.07
17 2156.87 187.78 627.16 814.94 391.97 433.86 36.15 358.27 24.35 418.78 50.25 119.05 29.76 0.00 1019.13 6635.03 458.61 1334.69 2149.63 5.77 0.16 0.94
18 1617.65 134.13 28.51 162.64 391.97 458.67 38.22 205.78 24.35 268.36 32.20 89.29 22.32 0.00 420.48 7055.51 189.22 1072.07 1234.70 3.32 0.15 0.48
19 1078.43 80.48 0.00 80.48 391.97 484.91 40.41 194.14 24.35 258.90 31.07 66.96 16.74 0.00 391.97 7447.48 176.39 1084.34 1164.82 3.13 0.13 0.41
20 539.22 26.83 0.00 26.83 391.97 512.65 42.72 189.78 24.35 256.85 30.82 50.22 12.56 0.00 391.97 7839.46 176.39 1111.83 1138.66 3.06 0.12 0.36
21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 541.97 45.16 190.25 24.35 259.76 31.17 37.67 9.42 0.00 391.97 8231.43 176.39 1141.50 1141.50 3.07 0.10 0.32
22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 572.97 47.75 195.58 24.35 267.67 32.12 28.25 7.06 0.00 391.97 8623.40 176.39 1173.45 1173.45 3.15 0.09 0.29
23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 605.75 50.48 201.21 24.35 276.03 33.12 21.19 5.30 0.00 391.97 9015.37 176.39 1207.23 1207.23 3.24 0.08 0.27
24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 640.39 53.37 207.16 24.35 284.87 34.18 15.89 3.97 0.00 391.97 9407.35 176.39 1242.94 1242.94 3.34 0.07 0.25
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 677.03 56.42 213.45 24.35 294.22 35.31 11.92 2.98 0.00 391.97 9799.32 176.39 1280.69 1280.69 3.44 0.07 0.23
26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 715.75 59.65 220.10 24.35 304.10 36.49 8.94 2.23 0.00 391.97 10191.29 176.39 1320.60 1320.60 3.55 0.06 0.21
27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 756.69 63.06 227.13 24.35 314.54 37.74 6.70 1.68 0.00 391.97 10583.27 176.39 1362.80 1362.80 3.66 0.05 0.19
28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 799.98 66.66 234.57 24.35 325.58 39.07 5.03 1.26 0.00 391.97 10975.24 176.39 1407.41 1407.41 3.78 0.05 0.18
29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 845.73 70.48 242.43 24.35 337.26 40.47 3.77 0.94 0.00 391.97 11367.21 176.39 1454.56 1454.56 3.91 0.04 0.16
30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 894.11 74.51 250.74 24.35 349.60 41.95 2.83 0.71 0.00 391.97 11759.18 176.39 1504.42 1504.42 4.04 0.04 0.15
31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 945.25 78.77 259.52 24.35 362.64 43.52 2.12 0.53 0.00 391.97 12151.16 176.39 1557.13 1557.13 4.18 0.03 0.14
32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 999.32 83.28 268.81 24.35 376.44 45.17 1.59 0.40 0.00 391.97 12543.13 176.39 1612.85 1612.85 4.33 0.03 0.13
33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 1056.48 88.04 278.63 24.35 391.02 46.92 1.19 0.30 0.00 391.97 12935.10 176.39 1671.76 1671.76 4.49 0.03 0.12
34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 1116.91 93.08 289.01 24.35 406.43 48.77 0.89 0.22 0.00 391.97 13327.08 176.39 1734.05 1734.05 4.66 0.02 0.11
35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 1180.80 98.40 299.98 24.35 422.73 50.73 0.67 0.17 0.00 391.97 13719.05 176.39 1799.89 1799.89 4.83 0.02 0.10
36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 1248.34 104.03 311.58 24.35 439.96 52.80 0.50 0.13 0.00 391.97 14111.02 176.39 1869.50 1869.50 5.02 0.02 0.10
37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 1319.75 109.98 323.85 24.35 458.18 54.98 0.38 0.09 0.00 391.97 14502.99 176.39 1943.09 1943.09 5.22 0.02 0.09
38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 1395.24 116.27 336.81 24.35 477.43 57.29 0.28 0.07 0.00 391.97 14894.97 176.39 2020.89 2020.89 5.43 0.02 0.08
39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 1475.04 122.92 350.52 24.35 497.79 59.74 0.21 0.05 0.00 391.97 15286.94 176.39 2103.14 2103.14 5.65 0.01 0.08
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 391.97 1559.42 129.95 365.02 24.35 519.32 62.32 0.16 0.04 0.00 391.97 15678.91 176.39 2190.10 2190.10 5.88 0.01 0.07
CHAPTER-XV
RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter.15: Recommendations 15-i PFR

CHAPTER-XV
RECOMMENDATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
15.1 General 15-1
15.2 Preliminary and Pre-Construction Works 15-1
15.3 Civil and Hydro Mechanical Works 15-2
15.4 Electro-Mechanical Works and Transmission Line 15-2
15.5 Economic Justification of the Project 15-2
15.6 Environmental & Ecological Aspects 15-2
15.7 Socio-Economic and Other Benefit 15-3
15.8 Recommendations 15-3
Chapter.15: Recommendations 15-i PFR

CHAPTER-XV
RECOMMENDATIONS
15.1 GENERAL
The 1350 MW Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project involves construction of

conventional civil structures as detailed below. The project construction work is
recommended to be taken up on fast track basis and construction shall be completed
in a period of 60 months including 12 months for development of infrastructure
facilities.
 Rubber Dam and appurtenant works
 Power Intake & Pump Intake
 Approach Channel
 Head Race Tunnel
 Surge Shaft
 Pressure Shafts
 Surface power house with installed capacity of 1350 MW
 Switchyard
 Tail Race Tunnel & Channel
15.2 PRELIMINARY AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION WORKS
To ensure project completion in 60 months, it is essential to accomplish the following

activities in a period of 12 months including obtaining all clearances before start of
Main Civil works. However some of the activities will continue during phase-II.
 Acquisition of land;
 Completion of main infrastructure facilities such as roads and buildings,
bridge across various Gads and falls;
 Completion of detailed design and specifications;
 Financial Closure and
 Tender and Award of main Civil, Hydro Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical
works.
Chapter.15: Recommendations 15-1 PFR

15.3 CIVIL AND HYDRO MECHANICAL WORKS
A total time period of 48 months has been considered for main Civil and Hydro-
mechanical works. Adequate construction equipment planning has been done to
achieve the desired progress rates. Timely completion of construction works also
depends on the timely supply of construction material to all the civil structures. Sufficient
storage shall be ensured at proper locations to ensure continuous construction without
stoppage due to shortage of materials.
15.4 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL WORKS AND TRANSMISSION LINE
Nine numbers of turbine machines have been proposed to generate 1350 MW of power.
The generated power will be transmitted through 220 kV transmission line upto the
substation nearest to the project site.
The tenders for Electro-Mechanical works shall be floated during pre-construction

stage. The orders for Electro-Mechanical equipments will be placed in line with civil
works so as not to cause any delay in completion of civil works.
The Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project is proposed to be commissioned in April

2024.
15.5 ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

Energy generation of the Project with an installed capacity of 1350 MW (9 units of 150
MW each) is 3780 MU for 8 hrs/day operation during year. The total cost of the Project
is estimated to be Rs. 8467.50 crores at 2018-19 price level. The tariff of power on the
completed cost for first year as well as levellised tariff have been worked out as below:-
Description First Year Levellised

Tariff/Unit Tariff/Unit
Tariff Rs. 5.93 Rs. 4.95
15.6 ENVIRONMENTAL & ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS

As per the preliminary assessment of environmental issues, the project will cause little
or no adverse impacts. The project entails no submergence in the project area. Certain
adverse environmental impacts mainly during construction phase have been identified
and these shall be taken care by appropriate mitigatory measures.

15.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND OTHER BENEFIT

 Compensation for loss of land, houses and all other immovable properties to the
PAFs as per the Land Acquisition Act. As there is very sparse population in the
project area, therefore number of PAF is very minimal.
 Improvement in the quality of life: primary education, primary health care,
women and child welfare, periodic medical camps.
 Development strategy to bring about a positive socio-economic transformation
of the PAFs, so as to improve the quality of their life.
 Generation of employment for local populace in unskilled category.
 Presently the surroundings of the project and the state in general are power
starved. This power shall bring overall improvement in quality of life and the
economic growth of the local populace.
 The construction and operation of this Project would lead to overall sustainable
development in the project region by making a direct as well as indirect
contribution to the populace.
15.8 RECOMMENDATIONS
The Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project utilises a design head of 92.48 m and rated
discharge of 1652 cumecs to generate 3780 MU of energy annually at 8 hrs/day
operations and the total estimated cost of the project including IDC with escalation is
Rs.11054.10 Crores.
The Project with installed capacity of 1350 MW proposed in this PFR is techno-
economically viable and the project is recommended for implementation.

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WAPCOS LIMITED

(International Consultant in water Resources

UPPER SILERU PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT (9 x 150 MW)

Table of Contents 1 PFR

UPPER SILERU PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT

1 NAME OF THE PROJECT Upper Sileru Pumped Storage Project

Salient Features 1 PFR

Salient Features 2 PFR

10.4 Average Length 2746 m

Salient Features 3 PFR

14.6 C.L. of machine 281.50 m

Salient Features 4 PFR

18.6 Adit-3 7.8 m x 7.8 m (D-Shaped) – 600 m long

Salient Features 5 PFR

22 MAIN ACCESS TUNNEL

Salient Features 6 PFR

25.2 Levellised Tariff Rs. 4.95 per Unit

Salient Features 7 PFR

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-i PFR

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-i PFR

As of 2014, bifurcated erstwhile

As of December 2017, Andhra

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-1 PFR

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-2 PFR

1.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT

A pumped storage hydropower project is typically comprised of an upper reservoir and

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-3 PFR

1.2 LOCATION OF PROJECT AREA

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-4 PFR

Map 1.1 Index Map of Project Site

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-5 PFR

Map 1.2 Route Map from Visakhapatnam to Sileru

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-6 PFR

Map 1.3 Route Map from Rajahmundry to Sileru

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-7 PFR

1.4 GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREA

1.5 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TOPOGRAPHY, PHYSIOGRAPHY AND

1.5.1 Topography and Physiography

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-8 PFR

1.5.2 Geology of Project Area

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-9 PFR

1.6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

(i) Earlier proposal

The Upper Sileru pumped Storage Project envisages construction of

 175m (W) X 150m (L) long approach channel

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-10 PFR

(ii) Present proposal

The main features of the project components are as follows:

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-11 PFR

Proposed location of Intake in Guntawada Reservoir

 Proposed location of underground powerhouse, transformer cavern is prone to

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-12 PFR

Proposed location of Power House

Proposed location of Weir in Donkarayi Reservoir

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-13 PFR

Andhra Pradesh 8.55%

All India 13.61%

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-14 PFR

1.8 ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATIONS

 Alternative-1: Alignment of water conductor system as proposed in FR but with

Headrace Tunnel 2764 3031 3959

Chapter.1: Introduction 1-15 PFR

Pressure Shaft 392 392 392