You are on page 1of 1

OGM

%û<2/2-û6¿Q¿I MATERYAL
ORTAÖĞRETİM GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

KONU +˜&5(=$5,1'$10$''(*(„ýÄ/(5ý,,
1.
%HVLQ +¸FUH'¿Å¿
+¸FUH=DU¿QGDQ0DGGH*H£LÅOHUL 0ROHN¸OOHUL SORULAR Bir amipin ďƵůƵŶĚƵŒƵŽƌƚĂŵ
Küçük Büyük
0ROHN¸OOHULQ 0ROHN¸OOHULQ +¸FUH %LUDPLSLQEXOXQ ,
GX½XRUWDPLOHPDGGH +2
7DÅ¿QPDV¿ 7DÅ¿QPDV¿ =DU¿ 
DO¿ÅYHULÅLÅHNLOGHJ²VWH
E3DVLI7DÅ¿PD E(QGRVLWR]
ULOGL½LJLELGLU
F'LI¸]\RQ F)DJRVLWR] 
 ,,, ,,
F2VPR] F3LQRVLWR] <D½   *OLNR]
%XQDJ²UHDPLSLQ
E$NWLIWDÅ¿PD E(N]RVLWR]
JHU£HNOHÅWLUGL½LROD\ODU  
DÅD½¿GDNLOHUGHQKDQJL
$.7Á)7$ ,0$ +¸FUHý£L (QGRVLWR]&HEL VLQGHGR½UXYHULOPLÅWLU"
, ƵŶĂŐƂƌĞĂŵŝƉŝŶŐĞƌĕĞŬůĞƔ
,,   ,,,
.¸£¸NPROHN¸OOHULQD]\R½XQROGX %HVLQ.RIXOX $ 2VPR] $NWLI7DÅ¿PD (N]RVLWR]
½XRUWDPGDQ£RN\R½XQROGX½XRU % 2VPR] $NWLI7DÅ¿PD I 3LQRVLWR]
WDPDWDÅ¿QPDV¿QDDNWLIWDÅ¿PDGHQLU K¸FUHL£LQHDO¿QPDV¿G¿U HN]RVLWR]GHQLU(N]RVLWR]GDNRIXO & 'LI¸]\RQ $NWLI7DÅ¿PD )DJRVLWR]
<K^7dK
$NWLIWDÅ¿PDGLI¸]\RQXQWHUVL\²QGH 3LQRVLWR]%¸\¸N£²]¸QHQPROHN¸O ]DU¿K¸FUH]DU¿LOHELUOHÅWL½LQGHQK¸FUH
LÅOHU$NWLIWDÅ¿PDV¿UDV¿QGDHQ]LPYH OHULQV¿Y¿GDPODF¿NODUKžOLQGHSLQRVLWR]
Hücre ]DU¿Q¿Q\¸]H\LE¸\¸U+¸FUHGH¸UHWL
içinde bulunan büyük moleküllü mĂĚĚĞůĞƌŝŶĞŶĞƌũŝŚĂƌĐĂŶĂƌĂŬŬŽĨƵůůĂƌLJĂƌĚŦŵŦLJůĂĞŶĚŽƐŝƚŽnjƵŶ
' .ROD\ODÅW¿U¿OP¿Å (QGRVLWR]A) Osmoz$NWLI7DÅ¿PD
'LI¸]\RQ
WDÅ¿\¿F¿SURWHLQOHUNXOODQ¿O¿U$NWLIWDÅ¿ FHSOHULLOHK¸FUHL£LQHDO¿QPDV¿G¿U OHQHQ]LPKRUPRQW¸N¸U¸NV¸WJLEL
ƚĞƌƐŝďŝƌLJƂŶƚĞŵůĞŚƺĐƌĞĚŦƔŦŶĂǀĞƌŝůŵĞƐŝŶĞekzositoz denir. ŬnjŽƐŝƚŽnjĚĂŬŽĨƵůnjĂƌŦ͕ŚƺĐƌĞnjĂƌŦŝůĞ ( $NWLI7DÅ¿PD 'LI¸]\RQ  3LQRVLWR]
PDV¿UDV¿QGD$73KDUFDQ¿U6LQLUK¸FUH <K^7dK
ďŝƌůĞƔƚŝŒŝŶĚĞŶŚƺĐƌĞnjĂƌŦŶŦŶLJƺnjĞLJŝďƺLJƺƌ. VDOJ¿ODUYHDW¿NPDGGHOHUHN]RVLWR]LOH
,ƺĐƌĞĚĞƺƌĞƚŝůĞŶĞŶnjŝŵ͕ŚŽƌŵŽŶ͕ƚƺŬƺƌƺŬ͕ƐƺƚŐŝďŝƐĂůŐŦůĂƌǀĞ B) Osmoz &(9$3%
OHULQGHX\DUW¿LOHWLPLV¿UDV¿QGDVRG\XP
(.=26Á72=
ĂƚŦŬŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌĞŬnjŽƐŝƚŽnjŝůĞŚƺĐƌĞĚŦƔŦŶĂǀĞƌŝůŝƌ͘ K¸FUHG¿Å¿QDYHULOLU
YHSRWDV\XPL\RQODU¿DNWLIWDÅ¿PDLOH Hücre içinde bulunan büyük moleküllü mĂĚĚĞůĞƌŝŶĞŶĞƌũŝŚĂƌĐĂŶĂƌĂŬŬŽĨƵůůĂƌLJĂƌĚŦŵŦLJůĂĞŶĚŽƐŝƚŽnjƵŶ
+¸FUHL£LQGHEXOXQDQE¸\¸NPROH %DNWHULOHUYHDUNHOHU]DUO¿RUJDQHOOHU  ͿŝĨƺnjLJŽŶ
\HUGH½LÅWLULU ƚĞƌƐŝďŝƌLJƂŶƚĞŵůĞŚƺĐƌĞĚŦƔŦŶĂǀĞƌŝůŵĞƐŝŶĞekzositoz
N¸OO¸PDGGHOHULQHQHUMLKDUFDQDUDN denir. ŬnjŽƐŝƚŽnjĚĂŬŽĨƵůnjĂƌŦ͕ŚƺĐƌĞnjĂƌŦŝůĞ
ĂŬƚĞƌŝůĞƌǀĞĂƌŬĞůĞƌ͕njĂƌůŦŽƌŐĂŶĞůůĞƌŽůƵƔƚƵƌŵĂĚŦŒŦŝĕŝŶĞŶĚŽƐŝƚŽnjǀĞĞŬnjŽƐŝƚŽnjLJĂƉĂŵĂnj͘DĂŶƚĂƌǀĞ
ROXÅWXUPDG¿½¿L£LQHQGRVLWR]YHHN]R $NWLIWDÅ¿PDLOHLOJLOLRODUDN
(1'26Á72= NRIXOODU\DUG¿P¿\ODHQGRVLWR]XQWHUVL
ďŝƚŬŝŚƺĐƌĞůĞƌŝ͕ĞŬnjŽƐŝƚŽnjLJĂƉĂďŝůŝƌ͘
ďŝƌůĞƔƚŝŒŝŶĚĞŶŚƺĐƌĞnjĂƌŦŶŦŶLJƺnjĞLJŝďƺLJƺƌ. ,ƺĐƌĞĚĞƺƌĞƚŝůĞŶĞŶnjŝŵ͕ŚŽƌŵŽŶ͕ƚƺŬƺƌƺŬ͕ƐƺƚŐŝďŝƐĂůŐŦůĂƌǀĞ
VLWR]\DSDPD]0DQWDUYHELWNLK¸FUH ,$73KDUFDQ¿U Ϳ<ŽůĂLJůĂƔƚŦƌŦůŵŦƔŝĨƺnjLJŽŶ
ELU\²QWHPOHK¸FUHG¿Å¿QDYHULOPHVLQH
ĂƚŦŬŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌĞŬnjŽƐŝƚŽnjŝůĞŚƺĐƌĞĚŦƔŦŶĂǀĞƌŝůŝƌ͘ OHULHN]RVLWR]\DSDELOLU ,,7DÅ¿\¿F¿SURWHLQOHUYHHQ]LPOHUJ²UHYDO¿U
%¸\¸NPROHN¸OOHULQK¸FUH]DU¿Q¿Q ,,,ýNLRUWDPDUDV¿QGDNL\R½XQOXNIDUN¿Q¿DUW¿U¿U
L£HUL\HGR½UX£²NPHVL\OHROXÅDQFHSOHU ĂŬƚĞƌŝůĞƌǀĞĂƌŬĞůĞƌ͕njĂƌůŦŽƌŐĂŶĞůůĞƌŽůƵƔƚƵƌŵĂĚŦŒŦŝĕŝŶĞŶĚŽƐŝƚŽnjǀĞĞŬnjŽƐŝƚŽnjLJĂƉĂŵĂnj͘DĂŶƚĂƌǀĞ ͿŬƚŝĨdĂƔŦŵĂ
²]HOOLNOHULQGHQKDQJLOHULGR½UXGXU"
+¸FUH'¿Å¿
\DUG¿P¿\ODHQHUMLKDUFDQDUDNK¸FUHL£L ďŝƚŬŝŚƺĐƌĞůĞƌŝ͕ĞŬnjŽƐŝƚŽnjLJĂƉĂďŝůŝƌ͘
6DOJ¿ODUYHDW¿NODU $ <DOQ¿], % <DOQ¿],, & <DOQ¿],,,
QHDO¿QPDV¿QDHQGRVLWR]GHQLU(QGR ' ,YH,, ( ,,,YH,,, &(9$3(
VLWR]V¿UDV¿QGDK¸FUH]DU¿Q¿QELUN¿VP¿
NRSDUDNNRIXOROXÅXPXQDNDW¿OG¿½¿L£LQ +¸FUH=DU¿  CEVAP: B
K¸FUH]DU¿\¸]H\LN¸£¸O¸U(QGRVLWR] )DJRVLWR]ROD\¿LOHLOJLOL
ROD\¿QGDHQ]LPOHUJ²UHYDO¿UYH$73 ,%¸\¸NNDW¿PROHN¸OOHULQK¸FUHL£LQHDO¿QPDV¿
KDUFDQ¿U%DNWHULELWNL ED]¿LVWLVQDODU G¿U
KDUL£ YHPDQWDUK¸FUHOHULQGHK¸FUH ,,$73KDUFDQDUDNJHU£HNOHÅLU
GXYDU¿HQGRVLWR]XHQJHOOHU ,,,7¸PFDQO¿K¸FUHOHUGHJHU£HNOHÅHELOLU
(QGRVLWR]IDJRVLWR]YHSLQRVLWR] (N]RVLWR]&HEL D£¿NODPDODU¿QGDQKDQJLOHULGR½UXGXU"
ROPDN¸]HUHLNLÅHNLOGHJHU£HNOHÅLU $ <DOQ¿], 2.
% <DOQ¿],, & <DOQ¿],,,
)DJRVLWR]%¸\¸NPROHN¸OO¸NDW¿ ' ,YH,, ( ,,,YH,,,
SDUWLN¸OOHULQK¸FUH]DU¿Q¿QX]DPDV¿ +¸FUHý£L Aktif ƚĂƔŦŵĂŝůĞŝůŐŝůŝŽůĂƌĂŬ͕
&(9$3'
6DOJ¿.RIXOX
LOHROXÅDQ\DODQF¿D\DNODU\DUG¿P¿\OD
/͘dWŚĂƌĐĂŶŦƌ͘

You might also like