f m  f1

l h
Mode  f m  f1    f m  f 2 
1)

Where, l =lower class boundary, h =width of class interval, f m =frequency of the model class,
f1 =frequency associated with the class preceding the model class, f 2 =frequency associated
with the class following the model class.

2) Mean from group data


f1 x1  f 2 x2  .......  f n xn

fx ,i i
i  1, 2,....., n; f1  f 2  .......  f n  n
Mean= f1  f 2  .......  f n n

3) Geometric mean from group data

1 
G  anti log   f i log xi  , i  1, 2,....., n; f1  f 2  .......  f n  n
n 

4) Harmonic Mean from group data

n
H , i  1, 2,....., n; x  0 f1  f 2  .......  f n  n
1
 fi
xi

5) The Median from group data

hn 
l  C
f 2 
Median

Where, l =lower class boundary, h =width of class interval, f =frequency of the model class,
n
2 =cumulative frequency, C =proceeding cumulative frequency.

6) Quartiles

The three values which divide the distribution into four equal parts are called quartiles Q1, Q2
and Q3.
 n n 
  1 th
i) If 4 is not an integer, then the first quartile Q1 is  4  observation, and

n n n 
th   1 th
If 4 is an integer, then the first quartile Q1 is the average of 4 and  4 
observations.

3n  3n 
  1 th
ii) If 4 is not an integer, then the third quartile Q3 is  4  observation, and

3n 3n  3n 
th   1 th
If 4 is an integer, then the first quartile Q3 is the average of 4 and  4 
observations.

7) Percentile
jn  jn 
  1 th
iii) If 100 is not an integer, then the jth percentile is  100  observation, and

jn jn  jn 
th   1 th
If 100 is an integer, then the jth percentile is the average of 100 and  100 
observations.

8) Decile
jn  jn 
jth   1 th
iv) If 10 is not an integer, then the decile is  10  observation, and

jn jn  jn 
th   1 th
If 10 is an integer, then the jth decile is the average of 10 and  10  observations.

Formulae
1) The Range

 xm  x0
Range

xm  largest observation, x0  smallest one observation.

Where,

xm  x0

2) Coefficient of Dispersion xm  x0
Q3  Q1

3) The Quartile deviation (Q.D) 2
Q  Q1
 3
4) Coefficient of Quartile deviation Q3  Q1
 x x ,
i
i  1, 2,....., n
5) The Mean Deviation for ungroup data (M.D)= n


f i xi  x
, i  1, 2,..., n; f1  f 2  ...  f n  n
6) Mean Deviation for group data (M.D) n
M .D M .D
 
7) Coefficient of (M.D) Mean Or Median

  x  x
2
i
2  , i  1, 2,....., n
8) The Variance for ungroup data=Var(X)= n

 f  x  x
2
i i
2  , i  1, 2,..., n; f1  f 2  ...  f n  n
9) The Variance for group data n

  x  x
2
i
 , i  1, 2,....., n
10) The Standard deviation for ungroup data=S.D= n
11) The Standard deviation for group data group data

 f  x  x
2
i i
  , i  1, 2,..., n; f1  f 2  ...  f n  n
n
S .D

12) Coefficient of S.D Mean

  100
13) Coefficient of Variance (C.V) 
14) Trimmed and Winsorized means (read from book)
   x  x
r
i
mr  , i  1, 2,....., n
15) Moments for ungroup data= n

  
r
fi xi  x
mr  , i  1, 2,..., n; f1  f 2  ...  f n  n
16) Moments for group data= n
m2 m
b1  3 3 b2  42
17) Moments Ratio: m2 and m2
18) Skewness:
Mean  Mode

i) The Karl Pearson coefficient of skewness=Sk S .D
3  Mean  Median 

ii) The Pearsonian coefficient of skewness=Sk S .D
Q  Q3  2Median
 1
iii) The Boyl’s coefficient of skewness=Sk Q3  Q1

1.
Its values lies between 0 and

Q.D
Kr 
19) Kurtosis: P90  P10