Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 4
DIFFERENTIATION
Learning Outcome 4.1:
use the derivatives of ex, In x, sin x, cos x, tan x, tan-1 x together with constant multiples,
sums, differences and composites.
Example 1
Differentiate with respect to x:
2
1
(a) y 4e x (b) y e3x (c) y e3x
1
1
(d) ye x
(e) y et (f) y 3
et
Example 3 MJ03/Q8
2
The equation of a curve is y ln x , where x 0 .
x
Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve and determine whether it is a maximum or a
minimum point.
d
1. sin f ( x) f ' ( x) cos f ( x)
dx
d
2. cos f ( x) f ' ( x) sin f ( x)
dx
d
3. tan f ( x) f ' ( x) sec 2 f ( x)
dx
d
4. cot f ( x) f ' ( x)cosec 2 f ( x)
dx
d
5. sec f ( x) f ' ( x) sec[ f ( x)] tan f ( x)
dx
d
6. cosec f ( x) f ' ( x)cosec[ f ( x)] cot f ( x)
dx
Note: Differentiation of the above formulae are only true for angles which are measured in radians.
Example 4
Differentiate with respect to x .
5
(a) y 2 sin(3x) 3 cos(x 2 ) (b) y 4 tan 2 x 2
2 x
(c) y sin ln x (d) y ln sin x
(e)
y tan e 2x
(f) y e 2 tan x
Example 5 MJ12/31/Q5
1 1
The diagram shows the curve y 8 sin x tan x for 0 x . The x -coordinate of the maximum
2 2
2
point is . Show that .
3
d d
sin n [ f ( x)] sin f ( x)
n
2.
dx dx
nsin f ( x) cos f ( x) f ' ( x)
n 1
Example 6
dy
(a) Find when y 3 cos4 2 x .
dx
d
(b) Show that 5 sin 2 3x 15 sin 6 x .
dx
Common General
d 1 1 du
dx
tan 1 x 2
x 1
d
dx
tan 1 u 2
u 1 dx
Example 7
Differentiate each of the following with respect to x .
2x
(a) y tan 1 6 x (b) y tan 1
3
(c) y tan e
1 2x 1
(d) y e tan x
Example 8
1
Find the equation of tangent to the curve y tan 1 x at the point where x 2 .
2
Example 9
2
1 d2y dy
Given that y x tan x , show that 2
2 x 1 .
dx dx
in the form y mx c .
Example 12 MJ14/31/Q10
1
x
The diagram shows the curve y 10e 2 sin 4 x for x 0 . The stationary points are labeled
T1 , T2 , T3 ,...... as shown.
(i) Find the x -coordinates of T1 and T2 , giving each x -coordinate correct to 3 decimal places.
(ii) It is given that the x -coordinate of Tn is greater than 25. Find the least possible value of n .
find and use the first derivative of a function which is defined implicitly.
d d dy
3. In general, g ( y ) g ( y ) .
dx dy dx
4. The implicit equations with the terms involve both x and y will become more complicated when
the differentiation is carried out. The product or quotient rule should be used, sometimes in
conjunction with the chain rule.
Example 16 ON12/31/Q7
The equation of a curve is ln(xy) y 3 1 .
dy y
(i) Show that .
dx x 3 y 3 1
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point where the tangent to the curve is parallel to the y -axis, giving
each coordinate correct to 3 significant figures.
find and use the first derivative of a function which is defined parametrically.
Example 18
Find the coordinates of the point on the curve x 5t 2 , y 10t , when
(a) t 6 (b) t 1
Example 19
The parametric equations of a curve are x 2 cos t , y 2 sin t , for 0 t 2 . What is the value of t at
point 0,2 ?
Example 20
dy
Find for the following questions:
dx
(a) x 2t 3 , y 4t 2 1 (b) x e 4t , y e 2t 1
Example 21 ON12/33/Q3
4t
The parametric equations of a curve are x , y 2 ln( 2t 3) .
2t 3
dy
(i) Express in terms of t , simplifying your answer.
dx
(ii) Find the gradient of the curve at the point for which x 1.
Example 22 ON14/31/Q4
1 1
The parametric equations of a curve are x 3
, y tan 3 t , where 0 t .
cos t 2
dy
(i) Show that sin t .
dx
(ii) Hence show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point with parameter t is
y x sin t tan t .